BATAAN HEROES MEMORIAL COLLEGE

Roman Super Hi-Way, Balanga City, Bataan

FINAL EXAMINATION

Co, Aldrin Limuel E.

2001013

BSME-3A

Engr. Rolly Boy P. Lorilla

Instructor

April 21,2021
1. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SIZING
1.1. POWER CONSUMPTION DEMANDS

Appliances Quantity (n) No. of Hours Per Power

Day (h/day) Consumption (P)
Refrigerator 2 24 200 Watts
Electric fan 3 9 70 Watts
Aircon 1 9 600 Watts
Television 1 16 70 Watts
Light Bulb 8 20 12 Watts
Laptop Charger 1 2 50 Watts
Cellphone 3 3 3 Watts
Chargers

1.2. TOTAL WATT-HOURS PER DAY FOR EACH APPLIANCE USED

Appliances Watt-Hours / Day = (n)(h/day) (P)

Refrigerator (2) (24hrs./day) (200 watts) = 9,600 w-h/day

Electric fan (3) (9hrs./day) (70 watts) = 1,890 W-h/day

Aircon (1) (9hrs./day) (600 watts) = 5,400 W-h/day

Television (1) (16hrs./day) (70 watts) = 1,120 W-h/day

Light Bulb (8) (20 hrs./day) (12 watts) = 1,920 W-h/day

Laptop Charger (1) (2 hrs./day) (50 watts) = 100 W-h/day

Cellphone Chargers (3) (3hrs/day) (3 watts) = 27 watts

1.3. TOTAL WATT-HOURS PER DAY NEEDED FOR PV MODULES

Total Watt-Hours Per Day = (9,600 + 1890 + 5400 + 1120 + 1920 + 100 +27) W-h/day
Total Watt-Hours Per Day = 20,057 W-h/day

Total Watt-hours Per Day for PV Modules = 20057 W-h/day x 1.3

Total Watt-hours Per Day for PV Modules = 26,074.1 W-h/day

2. SIZE THE PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

2.1. TOTAL WATT-PEAK RATING NEEDED FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

Total Watt-peak rating needed for PV modules = Total Watt-Hours per day needed
from the PV modules / panel generation factor
 In Philippines, the power generating capacity range from 4.5 – 5.5 Kwh/m²/day
For Panel generation factor = (5 Kw-h/m²/day) (0.62)
Panel generation factor = 3.1 Kw-h/day/wp

ℎ
26, 074.1 𝑊 −
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡 − 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 =
ℎ
𝑑𝑎𝑦
3.1 𝑊 −
𝑊𝑝

Total Watt-peak rating needed for PV modules = 8411 watt-peak

2.2. NUMBER OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS FOR THE SYSTEM

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡 − 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘

𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 =
𝑃𝑚
8411 𝑊𝑝
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 = 280 𝑊𝑝
= 30.04 𝑜𝑟 30 𝑃𝑉 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠

2.3. Result of the calculation is the minimum number of PV panels. If more PV modules
are installed, the system will perform better and battery life will be improved. If fewer
PV modules are used, the system may not work at all during cloudy periods and
battery life will be shortened.

3. ANGLE THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

3.1. DETERMINE THE POSITION OF EARTH TO MAXIMIZE THE SUN

- According to the SOLARIC (2018), a solar company in the Philippines, “Since the
Philippines is above the Equator, then the array orientation (commonly regarded
as the direction which the solar panels face) of the areas in the northern
hemisphere of the country must be facing the south direction.” On the other
hand, regions in the southernmost hemisphere should be facing the north
direction since it is the region that is nearest to the Earth’s Equator (SOLARIC,
2018). In general speaking, the solar panel to be installed shall face the southern
direction. It is the best direction as the solar panels receive direct sunlight
throughout the day.
- In terms of optimum angle of the solar panels, it shall be perpendicular to the sun
and the angular average of the sun with respect to the location’s latitude must
be known. The calculation for optimum tilt of the solar panel is shown below
 𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑥 0.812 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ

- Considering that the sun gets dimmer as it nears the horizon and brighter when at
the zenith (topmost location in the sky) due to atmospheric absorption. A
correcting factor of 81.2%* has been derived for its annual average. This formula
is can be used to determine the best tilt for the solar panels.

4. INVERTER SIZING (OFF GRID AND GRID TIE)

Total Power Consumption = (200 +70 + 600 + 70 +12 + 50 + 3) = 1005 Watts

For safety, the inverter should be bigger at least 25-30%.

Therefore,

Inverter size = (1005 Watts) (0.27)) + 10005 Watts

Inverter Size = 1276.35 Watts

5. BATTERY SIZING
5.1. TOTAL WATT-HOURS PER DAY FOR USED BY APPLIANCE

Total Watt-Hours Per Day = (9,600 + 1890 + 5400 + 1120 + 1920 + 100 +27) W-h/day

Total Watt-Hours Per Day = 20057 W-h/day

5.2. DIVIDE THE TOTAL WATT-HOURS PER DAY USED BY 0.85 FOR BATTERY LOSS.

ℎ
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡−ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 20057 𝑊−𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 =
0.85
= 0.85

For Battery Loss = 23,596.47 Watt-hrs. / day

5.3. DIVIDE THE ANSWER OBTAINED FROM 5.2 BY 0.6 FOR DEPTH OF DISCHARGE

ℎ𝑟𝑠.
𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 23596.47 𝑤 −
𝑑𝑎𝑦
𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 = =
0.6 0.6
 For Depth of Discharge = 39, 327.45 Watt-hrs. / day

5.4. DIVIDE THE ANSWER OBTAINED FROM 5.3 BY THE NOMINAL BATTERY VOLTAGE

Nominal Battery Voltage = 16 Volts

ℎ𝑟𝑠.
39,327.45 𝑊 − ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑎𝑦
= 2457.9656 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 −
16 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑦

5.5. MULTIPLY THE ANSWER OBTAINED WITH DAYS OF AUTONOMY (THE NUMBER OF DAYS
THAT YOU NEED THE SYSTEM TO OPERATE WHEN THERE IS NO POWER PRODUCED BY PV
PANELS) TO GET THE REQUIRED AMPERE-HOUR CAPACITY OF DEEP-CYCLE BATTERY

Days of Autonomy = 4

ℎ𝑟𝑠.
𝐴ℎ = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑦 (0.85 𝑥 0.6 𝑥 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒)
𝑑𝑎𝑦

ℎ𝑟𝑠.
𝐴ℎ = 20057 𝑊 − 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠(0.85 𝑥 0.6 𝑥 16 𝑉) = 654,660.48 𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 − ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝑑𝑎𝑦

6. SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER SIZING

6.1 SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER
PV module specification
Pm = 280 Wp
Vm = 31.2 Vdc
Im = 9.07 A
Voc = 39.5 A
Isc = 9.71 A

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑉 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑥 1.3

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (4𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑥 9.71 A) x1.3 = 50.492 A