Introduction to

MODULE
1
History
Hooray to a new academic
year! The journey in this MODULE CONTENTS
pandemic has been tough
yet you made it. The
fortuitous spread of Covid 19
leaves a prolonged period of LESSON 1: Definition
uncertainty and unrest for us and Subject Matter
but it will never hinder our
desire to learn. I would like to LESSON 2: Questions
welcome you to Module 1:
and Issues in History
Introduction to History. This
module comprises of three
lessons that will surely deepen LESSON 3: Types of
your connection to the past, Historical Sources
it will help you realized how
important it is, and the effect
of our history in our current
situation.

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of Module 1, you should be able to:

a. Describe the meaning of history

b. Explain the roles of Historians in History
c. Differentiate History and Historiography
d. Differentiate Positivism and Post Colonialism
e. Develop critical and analytical skills in assessing and defining
Historical Sources
 LESSON
“I knew my affection for the Philippines
was equally as telling: a democracy on
paper, apparently well ordered, regularly
1
subverted by irrational chaos. A place
where I'd felt instantly at home.”
― Alex Garland, The Beach

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. Displays an understanding of the meaning of

History
b. Explain the roles of Historians in History

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Welcome aboard in your journey across the deepest wonders of history!

Fasten your seatbelts and make yourself ready to explore the definition of
the word “History” that transcends the common description as the study of
the past and appreciate the beauty of studying it.

So, what are we waiting for let’s begin!

A C T I V I T Y

SPIDER WEB
Instruction: Hi there! As you can see we have a graphic
organizer called the “SPIDER WEB”, now your task is to
think of any word/phrase that could connect and
describe the word “History”. Write your answers inside
the boxes. Are you ready now? Let us get started!
 SPIDER WEB

A N A L Y S I S

How was your experience in our activity? Was it easy for you? Did you have some
fun? If so, that’s great. Now, to wrap up your experiences from the activity you need
to answer the following questions.

1. In your own words, define history.

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2. Why do we need to study history?

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 Among the Earth’s creatures, only
humans are capable of deriving the
deeper meaning of history, we are only
A B S T R A C T I O N the creature who can have a profound
understanding and can record and learn
from it. We use history universally, we
applied it to almost any profession, in the
field of medicine, law, economy,
Engineering, and Architecture, and even
WHAT IS HISTORY? in the aspect of our daily living, we make
use of history.
History is defined as everything that
has been recorded or occurred from the Thus, knowing our history therefore
beginning of time to the last instant. It was makes our life more manageable. By
derived from the Greek word “historia” studying it, we will be able to know what
which means “knowledge acquired to do based on inputs from the past. Just
through inquiring or investigation”. This like in the words of President Woodrow
term was then adapted to classical Latin Wilson stating that “We need to call on
where it acquired a new definition, our experience to aid us on how to deal
“historia” became known as the account with preset events, without history our
of the part of a person or a group of society can be like trees without roots
people through written documents and which can be washed away in the next
historical events evidence. flood or storm”. Therefore, forgetting our
history will be our worst enemy that we will
Now you might ask about “What face in our lives, we will forget our own
count as history?” Traditional historians identity and we will prey to the outside
lived with the manta of “No Document” pressures and lose our anchor of morality.
means no history”. It means that unless
written or recorded documents can prove
a historical event, then it can’t be
considered as a historical fact. However, ROLES OF HISTORIANS
a mere record or collection of events is
not history, this is just called chronology
An exact and accurate account of the
and it is not different from a logbook of
past is very impossible for a very simple
activities kept by a security guard. To be
reason that we can’t go back to the past,
considered as history, there should be
we cannot past directly to the past as our
documentary records of the events that
subject matter but we can access it
can be traced to the development, the
through its representation like historical
rise and fall, or the rebirth of a person,
sources and evidence.
society, and a community or a country.
Moreover, it is the job of the historian to
Therefore, history is not merely
give meaning to facts and organize them
chronology or the list of events that occur
into a timeline, establish causes, and write
but history shows a pattern in how a man
history. However, the historian is not a
and his society has evolved from the
blank paper who mechanically interprets
primitive form to the present, or a record
and analyzes present historical facts. He is
of the various challenge through time.
a person of his own who is influenced by
his context, environment, ideology,
education, and influences, among others.
WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY In that sense, his interpretation of the
HISTORY? historical fact is affected by his context
and circumstances. His subjectivity will
inevitably influence the process of his
historical research: the methodology that
There are many advantages to
he will use, the facts that he shall select
studying History, it allows us to better
and deem relevant his interpretation, and
understand our current situation.
even the form of his writings.
 A P P L I C A T I O N

Instruction: Write TRUE on the blank before each number if the statement
is correct, but if not write FALSE and underlie the word/group of words that
makes it incorrect.

______1. A simple record or collection of events is contemplated as history.

______2. Engineers, Lawyers, Doctors and other professions are governed
by History.
______3. A record of events showing the evolution of man and his society
from the earliest and from the age of barbarism to what he is
today is history.
______4. The study of History enables man to improve his present
condition as an individual, as member of society, church and
state.
______5. Traditional historians lived with the manta of “No Document”
means no history”

Instruction: Explain the following.

1. “We need to call on our experience to aid us on how to deal with preset
events, without history our society can be like trees without roots which
can be washed away in the next flood or storm”.
- Woodrow Wilson
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2. How does History affect the present and the future?

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3. Define the Roles of the Historians in History.

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 3 Things I have learned in
today’s lesson
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2 Things I like/interesting
about the lesson
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_

1
Thing that I am still
confuse about the lesson
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Congratulations in finishing Lesson 1. You

have explored the definition of the word
“History” and understand how vital it is in
terms of considering our present situations.
You can now proceed to the next lesson.
Good luck!
 LESSON
“It is easier to build from scratch
than to dismantle the rotten and
2
rebuild upon its rubbles.”
― Rodrigo Roa Duterte

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. Differentiate History and Historiography

b. Distinguish Positivism and Post Colonialism

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Hooray! So, we are here on the second stop of our journey. In

this part, we are going to answer the questions and issues about
our history. We are going to discover the different methods,
perspectives, and theories in understanding historical facts.

Let’s Begin!

A C T I V I T Y

SHADES OF GRAY

Hi student! Welcome to our first activity entitled “Making

Connections”. You will complete Venn Diagram by writing down
the differences and similarities about the words “History” and
“Historiography”. Enjoy!
 VENN DIAGRAM

A N A L Y S I S

Since you already finished answering our activity, your task now is to answer the following
questions.

1. Based on the activity, is there a significant connection between History and

Historiography? Why and why not?
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2. How does Historiography help in assessing the credibility of History?

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 In the discipline of history, the mantra “no
A B S T R A C T I O N document, no history” stems from this very
same truth, where historians were required
to show written primary documents in order
to write a particular historical narrative.
The History of History Positive historians are also expected to be
object and impartial no just in their
arguments but also on their conduct of
This dynamism of history inevitably
historical research.
produced various perspectives on the
discipline regarding different questions
like: What is history? Why study history? When the ilustrados, like Jose Rizal, Isabelo
And history for whom? In which the only de los Reyes, and Pedro Paterno wrote
thing that could answer it is utilizing history, they intended it for the Spaniards so
historiography. that they would realize the Filipinos are
people of their own intellect and culture.
In simple terms, historiography is Likewise, when American Historians depicted
the history of history. History and the Filipino as uncivilized in their publication,
historiography should not be confused it was intended that narrative fellow
with each other. History is the study of American to justify the means of
the past, the events that happened in undermining the Philippines sovereignty.
the past, and the causes of such Thus, as a narrative, any history that has
events. been taught and written is always intended
for a certain group of audience
On the other hand, Postcolonialism is a school of thought the
historiography focuses on the study of
emerged in the early twentieth century
history itself (i.e., How was a certain
when formerly colonized nations grappled
historical text was written? Who wrote
it? What was the context of its with the idea of creating their identities and
publication? What particular historical understanding their societies against the
method was employed? What were the shadows of their colonial past. Postcolonial
sources used?). history looks at two things in writing history:
first is to tell the history of nation that will
Thus, historiography lets you have highlight their identity free from that colonial
a better understanding of history. You discourse and knowledge, and second is to
do not only learn historical facts, but criticize the methods, effects, and idea of
you are also provided with an colonialism. Postcolonial history is therefore a
understanding of the facts and the reaction and an alternative to the colonial
historian’s contexts. The methods history that colonial powers created ad
employed by the historian and the taught to their subjects.
theory and perspective, which guided
him, will also be analyzed. With the help
of historiography, you will now One of the problem confronted by history is
understand deeper what is in history. the accusation that the history was always
written by victors. For instance, the history of
second word war in the Philippines always
School of Thoughts depicts the United States as heroes and the
Japanese as the oppressors, however a
Positivism is the school of thought that more thorough historical investigation will
emerge between the eighteenth and reveal more nuanced account of the
nineteenth century. This thought history of that period instead of a simplified
requires empirical and observable
narrative as a story of hero versus villain.
evidence before one can claim that a
Thus, it connotes that the narrative of the
particular knowledge is true. Positivism
also entails an objective means of past is always written from the bias of the
arriving at a conclusion. powerful and the more dominant player.
A P P L I C A T I O N

Enumerative Essay

Give and explain what is asked.

1. What are the two school of thoughts and how would you apply it in
criticizing and analyzing history?

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2. Explain the importance of Historiography in History.

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Hooray! You have finished lesson 2. You

have gain the knowledge of analyzing
literature and differentiate history from
historiography. You are now ready to
proceed in lesson 3. Good luck!
 LESSON
“This proved to me that no matter how
diametrically opposed your views may be
from another's if you can succeed in
3
knowing him as a human being you can
understand each other.”
― Carlos P. Romulo, I Walked With Heroes

TIME FRAME

TAKE THE CHALLENGE!

In this lesson, challenge yourself to:

a. Develop critical and analytical skills in assessing and defining

Historical Sources

G E T T I N G S T A R T E D

Bring it on, student! You are now on the last lesson of this module. As we
explore through this module, we have learned about the definition and
have a deeper understanding about the word history. We also leaned
about historians and historiography . In this lesson, we will explore the types
oh historical sources.

A C T I V I T Y

PICTURE ANALYSIS

Hey there! As you can see we have pictures below, in a span of

seven minutes analyze each picture and after that there will be
questions you are going to answer. Good luck!
 A N A L Y S I S

Now, what you have to do is to answer the following questions.

1. What have you observed from the given pictures?

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2. Describe the differences of each picture.
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 A B S T R A C T I O N Examples:
- Textbooks
- Encyclopedia entries
- Magazine articles about a topic
- Teacher’s Reports on student behavior
as reported to school counselors
TYPES OF HISTORICAL - Reports from a person talking about the
SOURCES subject matter

In the study of history, sources are There is another source which can
always important. Sources are where the be considered a tertiary source, these
information come from. In a technical are called general references. General
sense, the source of information is the Reference help point out to the reader
document. A document is a written the primary or secondary source. One
material that says about a historical example of tertiary source is the
event. The document can be narration, a information found in the catalogue
copy of speech, a letter, a receipt, a about a book or document. Abstract of
report, an eyewitness account or a book. books, theses and dissertations are also
considered as general references.
There are basically two types of
historical sources, the first type is called
the PRIMARY SOURCE and the second one
is the SECONDARY SOURCE.

Primary Source – these are materials

which directly point or discusses the
subject matter. These sources are
considered more authoritative that
secondary source materials because they
contain information that directly discusses
the subject matter.

Examples:
- Autobiographies
- Speeches
- Essays by person expressing his own view
- Receipts
- Letter
- Editorials
- Transcript of Records
- Eyewitness Accounts
- Reports
- Diaries and Journals

Secondary Sources – the second type of

historical sources is the secondary
source, these are made by individuals
who were not direct participants to the
event or people who got the
information from somebody else or from
the primary sources. Digest information
or information derived from primary
sources are considered secondary
sources.
A P P L I C A T I O N

IDENTIFICATION

Write A, if the material concerned is a PRIMARY SOURCE, B, if SECONDARY

SOURCE and C if GENERAL REFERENCE.

____1. Autobiography ____11. Theses and Dissertations

____2. Census ____12. Synopsis of a Speech
____3. Magazine Article ____13. Receipts
____4. Workbook ____14. Microfilm of government report
____5. Blog Article ____15. Abstract of Books
____6. Official Gazette ____16. Encyclopedia Article
____7. Wikepedia Article ____17. CD of interview
____8. Textbooks ____18. Teacher’s reports on students
____9. Card Catalogue ____19. Letter to the Editor
____10. Digest of Reports ____20. Laws, Ordinances and Decrees

CONGRATULATIONS for accomplishing

MODULE 1. I hope you’ve learn a lot and
you have a good time. Thank you and God
bless.
 MODULE ASSESSEMENT

Activity I: True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is true. Otherwise, write FALSE in the space
provided.
____________1. History is the study of the past.
____________2. Historical Sources that were not written should not be used in writing history.
____________3. The subject of historiography is history itself.
____________4. History has no use for the present, thus the saying “past is past” is true.
____________5. History is limited to the story of a hero versus villain.
____________6. Only primary sources may be used in writing history.
____________7. There are three types of sources; Primary, Secondary, tertiary sources.
____________8. External criticism is done by examining the physical characteristics of a source.
____________9. Internal criticism is done by looking at a source’s quality if paper and type of ink
among others.
____________10. The historians are the only source of history.

Activity II: Answer the following

1. Explain the definition and importance of the Study of history.

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2. How did Filipino learned from their History?

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3. Why do we need to study Readings in Philippine History?
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4. Give a logical explanation to the famous quotation used by the Greek Philosopher,
Heraclitus “No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not
the same man”
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Activity III. Thought Paper Work
Write a thought paper on the learning that you get from the lesson. Apply all the learnings in
a real life scenario.

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 MODULE SUMMARY

This module aims to introduce to the students the definition of the word history
and how important history is in terms of acting out in the future. Also, different
philosophies, school of thoughts, roles of historians and the significance of
Historiography is included in this module.

REFERENCE

Candelaria, J.L., & Alporha, V. (2018). Readings in

Philippine History 1st Edition. Quizon City, Philippines: Rex
Book Store.
Carr, E. (1991). What is History. Lodon, United Kingdom,
Penguin.
Lemon, M. (1995). The Discipline of History and the History
of Thought. New York, United States of America: Routledge.
De Viana, A., & Picadizo, M.V. (2018). Pahiwatig: A Guide
for Understanding Readings in Philippine History.
Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Books Atbp. Publishing
Corp.
Tosh, J. (2002). The pursuit of History: Aims, Methods and
New Directions in the Study of Modern History (Revised 3rd
Ed.). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Ltd.