Senior High School: Prepared by
Senior High School: Prepared by
Senior High School: Prepared by
Prepared by:
RHEYJHEN M. CADAWAS
Teacher II
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1
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1
Social sciences and Applied Social Sciences
In the field of Pure social sciences, we consider in the study the different disciplines
as we face the different issues we try to solve in the society. For example, the problem of
poverty, we consider these disciplines as to how they see the problem. How does it exist?
And why poverty continue to exist? In the field of Economics, perhaps you could say that
it exists because economically there is scarce resources and that goods and services are
priced high and some people cannot attend or meet these needs and also some are
underemployed or unemployed. People who study to solve social problems are called
social scientist. In their study, they solve these social problems systematically in a
process called scientific method.
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Steps in Scientific Method:
1. Defining the problem
2. Reviewing the related Literature
3. Forming Hypothesis
4. Collecting and Analyzing Data
5. Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations
Applied Social Sciences focus on the use and application of the different concepts,
theoretical models, and theories from Pure Social Sciences to help understand people and
the society including the different problems and issues it faces.
Applied Social Scientists can use his/her training in different work settings and use
the different theories in analyzing social problems and help to solve these.
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3. Criminology focuses on the study of crime, criminal behavior, and the legal system.
10. Urban Planning concerned with the use of land, protection and use of the
environment, public welfare, and the design of the urban environment—includes air, water,
and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation,
communications and distribution networks.
But, there are selected three areas as an appropriate considerations that they are all
interdisciplinary and deals with the practical application of theories.
B. Social Work is another professional activity of the applied social sciences. Here
practitioners or those who practice a certain work, help individuals and families to
improve their collective being. In the succeeding lessons, you will surely learn about this
discipline.
The roots of Counseling, Social Works and Communication Studies straddle the various
disciplines of psychology, sociology, anthropology, even political science and linguistics.
All three fields focus on improvement and empowerment of individual, a group or institution.
Remember that through the application of good journalism together with the correct
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knowledge of the different disciplines in the social sciences, applied social scientists have
enough skills to be able to write, produce, report and deliver news accurately and creatively
to the viewing public.
Learning Enhancement
Exercise 1. Complete the Venn Diagram. A VENN Diagram is use to show the
differences and similarities between two ideas.
Guide Questions:
a. What are the similarities between Pure Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences?
b. How do Pure Social Sciences differ to Applied Social Sciences?
Exercise 2. Directions: Read and understand the statements very carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is true and FALSE if it is incorrect.
_1. Natural science is the study of society and the manner in which
people behave and influence the world around us.
_2. Social science is the study of how natural phenomena around us
work which includes biology, botany and zoology etc.
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_3. Geography studies the allocation of scarce resources and how
individuals interact with social structure to address questions
about production.
_4. Counseling is a field of Applied Social Science.
_5. Demography studies the analysis of statistics of birth, human
movement, morbidity, and mortality.
_6. Applied Social Science is focused on the use and application of the
different theories of social science disciplines to understand society
and solve social problems.
_7. Political Science is a main discipline of applied social science.
_8. Counseling is a field that focuses on providing guidance, help
and support to individuals by applying some psychological
methods which involve processes such as case history data,
personal interviews and aptitude tests.
_9. Social work is a field of Applied Social Science where
practitioners help families, groups and communities enhance
people’s skills and ability to help themselves in resolving their
own social and community problems.
_10. Engineering is a discipline of Social Science.
Self-Reflection
RATING
LESSON OBJECTIVES
POOR AVERAGE EXCELLENT
Clarify the relationships and differences between
social sciences and applied social sciences
I Learned…….
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
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–
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1.2
ADM, DIASS, Department of Education – Regional Office 10
Disciplines of Counseling
Counseling as a Process
Counseling is a “learning process which individuals learn about themselves and their
interpersonal relationships, and enact behaviors that advance their personal development.”
(Schertzer and Stone 1981, 168.) As a process it includes a sequence or steps or actions which are
geared towards a particular end.
Counseling as a Relationship
It is clear that counseling is a personal relationship between the counselor and a client. It promotes
being egalitarian in nature. It assisted clients to take responsibility in making choices and solving
problems for themselves.
Counseling as an Art
Counseling as a Science
As a science, counseling delves into objective realm of counseling process. Counselors are
encouraged to be “counselor-scientists” where thet are required to have the skills to formulate
observations, and inferences, test hypotheses, build theories, use psychological test and use
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research methods.” (Clairborn as quoted n Nystul, 1999, 4-5)
Goals of Counseling
Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person with a need. This
relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes it may involve more than two people.
Here are the five commonly named goals of counseling:
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Principles of Counseling
Counseling profession will also challenge the counselor to value the counselee. Here are the core
values of counseling:
1. Respect for human dignity refers to the unconditional positive regard, compassion,
non-judgmental attitude, empathy and trust.
2. Partnership refers to the support on integrated healing, integrity, sensitivity and
openness.
3. Autonomy refers to the respect for confidentiality, trust, ensuring a safe
environment and no imposition of advices.
4. Responsible caring refers to respecting the potentials of every human being to change
and to continue learning.
5. Personal integrity refers to the reflection of honesty and truthfulness.
6. Social justice refers to being accepting and respectful of the diversity of clients.
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Learning Enhancement
Exercise 2. Modified Agree or Disagree. Write Agree if you are in favor in the statement. If not,
write Disagree and explain your insights.
______1. Counseling stresses the client’s taking responsibility over their actions.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
______2. Counselors give advice to clients to help them solve their problem.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
______3. Counseling can be an avenue for self-exploration and self-discovery wherein the clients can
gain more understanding about the self.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
______4. Goals in the counseling process are determined solely by the counselors.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
Self-Reflection
RATING
LESSON OBJECTIVES
POOR AVERAGE EXCELLENT
Identify the Goals and Scope of Counseling
I Learned…….
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
Source:
-“What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation, accessed January 16, 2020, www.owlcation.com/social-
science/What -are- the-goals-of-counseling
-“Counselling: Meaning,Techniques and Principles”,Your Article Library, accessed January 16, 2020, www.yourarticle.com
-”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020, www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling
–JACLYN MARIE L. CAUYAN, CHERISH AILEEN A. BRILLON AND ROSALIE T. QUILICOL. “Discipline and Ideas in the
Applied Social Sciences.” Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc. 2016.
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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2
Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling
1
2-3
WEEK-MELC 4-7
Background Information for Learners
Now that you know already the definitions, goals, scopes, core values and principles
of counseling, let us go further, this time let me introduce to you the professionals and
practitioners of counseling.
Counseling profession is very challenging, the person must acquire a counseling style
tailored to their own personality by familiarizing themselves the different approaches in
counseling. To be qualified in counseling profession he/she must study masters or doctoral
degree and pass the licensure exam. A counselor must have personal qualities like: self-
awareness and understanding, caring attitude, sensitivity, open-mindedness and objectivity
plus accepting personal congruence. A professional counselor must have the ability to listen,
convey understanding without judgment, ability to be sensitive, empathic, patient and the
ability to convey to the client that the counselor values the client’s experiences. Moreover,
conveys the belief that the client is capable, trustworthy, respectable, worthy and dependable.
Republic Act 9258, an act professionalizing the practice of guidance and counseling
adheres counseling practitioners to abide the code of ethics in this profession, thus a
counselor must uphold professional responsibility, counseling relationship, dimension of
confidentiality, ethical issues in a multicultural perspective, ethical issues in the assessment
process.
With this competence, counselors may work in hospitals, Correctional and prison
facilities, rehabilitation centers, retail business, educational system, career centers, nonprofit
or social services agencies, religious institution, private and public practice as well as in a
weight loss camp.
They are professionally trained individuals who help clients experiencing difficulties by
engaging them in the counseling process. They use an “integrated approach to the
development of a well-functioning individual primarily by helping him/her maximize his/her
potentials to the fullest and plan his/her future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests
and needs.” (Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004).
Counselors offer guidance to individuals, couples, families and groups who are dealing
with issues that affect their mental health and well-being. Many counselors approach their
work holistically, using a “wellness” model which highlights and encourages client’s strengths.
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According to Shertzer and Stone (1974), there are nine counselor roles. See in table listed
below.
Functions of Counseling
Counselors work in diverse community settings designed to provide a variety of
counseling, rehabilitation and support services. Their duties vary greatly depending on their
specialty which is determined by the setting in which they work and the population they serve.
Gibson and Mitchell (2008) cite the traditional functions of counselors which are
observable across different work settings:
a. Counseling. It focuses on client’s growth, adjustment, problem solving and
decision-making needs.
b. Assessment. It is the process of systematically gathering information about the
clients.
c. Career Assistance. Focused on helping clients explore their career options.
d. Placement and Follow-up. It determines the client’s satisfactions and the
effectiveness of the delivery of services.
e. Referral. Usually done when need to find and transfer their clients to other experts
with special expertise who may able to help the clients more.
f. Consultations. Confer with the third party to help clients in addressing their needs.
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g. Research. Need for self-professional development to help in the advancement of
the counseling profession.
h. Evaluation and accountability. They must consistently and consciously think
about while implementing the guidance and counseling program. Assess the
effectiveness of counseling interventions and ensures that program and personnel are
responsive.
i. Prevention. Healthy attitudes and habits are promoted while early signs of problems
are detected.
Competencies of Counseling
Counselors are licensed mental health therapists who provide assessment,
diagnosis and counseling to people facing a variety of life stresses and psychological
problems. They help people with relationship issues, family problems, job stress, mental
health disorders such as depression and anxiety and many other challenging problems that
can impact feelings of well-being and happiness. To be effective in their roles, counselors
should enjoy helping others and possess specific attributes and skills. Here are the
competencies of counselors:
1. Communication skills
Effective counselors should have excellent communication skills before embarking on
a counseling career. Counselors need to have a natural ability to listen and be able clearly
explain their ideas and thoughts to others.
2. Acceptance
Counselors must be able to “start where the client is at.” This phrase is often used in
counseling to describe the ability to relate to clients with an open, nonjudgmental attitude-
accepting the client for who she is and her current situation.
3. Empathy
Counselors help people through some of the most difficult and stressful times of their
lives. They must be able to display empathy-the ability to feel what another person is feeling.
4. Problem-Solving skills
Counselors must have excellent problem-solving skills to be able to help their clients identify
and make changes to negative thought patterns and other harmful behaviors that might be
contributing to their issues.
5. Rapport-Building skills
Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help establish rapport quickly
with clients and develop strong relationships. They must give their undivided attention to
clients and be able to cultivate trust.
6. Flexibility
Counselors must have the ability to adapt and change the way they respond to meet
their client’s needs.
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7. Self-Awareness
Counselors need to have the ability to look within and identify their own unmet
psychological needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the desires to be
professionally competent.
8. Multicultural Competency
Counselors help people from all walks of life. They must display multicultural competency and
adopt a multicultural worldview.
Specific Work Areas of Counselors
The following places of employment offer work opportunities for someone with a
counseling degree:
1. Hospitals
Counselors provide mental health evaluations, some counselors are hired to assist
patients overcome various psychological and behavioral issues.
5. Halfway Houses
Halfway houses, also known as transitional housing facilities and recovery houses,
hire rehabilitation and substance abuse counselors to guide patients or residents in need of
help transitioning back to a societal environment, their family, their community, and/or entering
the workforce.
6. Geriatric-Related Facilities
Counselors, especially geriatric counselors, are often employed by facilities, agencies
and organizations that serve the elderly population.
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8. Correctional Facilities and/or Prisons
From mental health counseling to substance abuse counseling, the prison system
employs counselors to provide individual and group therapy for individuals who are jailed, or
living in a correctional facility.
9. Retail Businesses
Assuming positions in the human resources or public relations departments of large
retail organizations, job duties typically include improving company-customer relationships, as
well as designing and conducting training programs.
Counseling Careers
Counselors often work in a wide array of settings-even when in one specific career.
Here are the career opportunities of counselors.
2. School Counselor
Professional school counselor provides services to students to support their academic,
personal and social development while working with teachers, administrators and parents.
3. Career Counselor
Career counselors help individuals understand themselves and the world of work to
make solid occupational, education and life decisions.
4. Child Counselor
Child and adolescent counselors help children and teens with physical, emotional, or
mental roadblocks that impede healthy development.
5. College Counselor
College counselors provide college students with a variety of supports in order to
promote overall academic, mental and behavioral wellness.
6. Grief Counselor
Grief counselors support client growth from profound loss, death of a loved one,
debilitating injury, terminal illness, divorce or other personal bereavements.
7. Military Counselor
Military counselors assist active duty, veterans and their families on mental, emotional
and social concerns related to the military lifestyle and experience.
8. Pastoral Counselor
In pastoral settings, counselors combine therapy with theological training to offer
patients a unique and integrated approach to sessions.
9. Rehabilitation Counselor
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For individuals with physical, mental, developmental, and or emotional disabilities,
rehabilitation counselors assist them in leading fulfilling and successful independent lives.
Code of Ethics
Guidance counselors work with clients, as individuals and in groups, to whom they
supply professional services concerning educational, vocational, personal and social
development. The following are the ethical behaviors and unethical behaviors among
counselors:
Ethical Behaviors:
They protect members from practices that may result in public condemnation.
They provide a measure of self-regulation, thus giving members a certain freedom and
autonomy.
They provide clients a degree of protection from cheats and the incompetent.
They help to protect counselors from the public if they pursued for malpractice.
Unethical Behaviors:
Incompetence
Lack of integrity
Violating confidences
Exceeding the level of professional competence
Imposing values on clients
Creating dependence on the part of the clients to meet the counselor’s own
Needs
Improper advertising
Charging fees for private counseling to those who are entitled to free services through
the counselor’s employing institutions and or using one’s job to recruit clients for a
private practice.
Learning Enhancement
_______1. A counselor reveals the results of a client’s personality test to a colleague without
asking for the client’s permission.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
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_______2. A counselor regularly attends trainings for her professional development.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
______4. A counselor who is not trained in addictions counseling agrees to see a client who
is undergoing rehabilitation.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
______5. A counselor refuses a friend who requests to see and advise his daughter about
what course to take in college.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
______6. A counselor did not inform his client’s parents that his counselee is threatening to
harm himself.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
______7. A counselor orients her clients as to the process of counseling, its possible risks and
effects, and then asks the client to sign an informed consent form.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
______8. A counselor becomes romantically and sexually involved with a client. He refuses
to terminate counseling relationship because this might also end intimate relationship.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
______9. A counselor refers a client to another professional because the client’s problem is
beyond the counselor’s competency.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
_____10. A counselor reveals the proceedings of her counseling sessions with her client’s
friend to help mend their broken friendship.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.
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Rubrics for Exercise 1 per item.
Criteria Description Points
Content It was written very clear. 2
Analysis It conveys an informative context and 2
answers the questions correctly.
Organization The structure was well-organized. 1
Total 5
Additional Task: “Mini Me Activity: I as Counselor”. Prepare your art materials (bond
paper, colored papers, glue, scissors, crayons and the like).
Procedure:
a. First, Cut out or Draw your “Mini-Me”. Illustrate yourself using your art materials
representing your chosen career as counselor. (It may be caricature or printed).
b. Next, Paste or draw your Mine-Me at the center of your bond paper.
c. Then, make a creative graphic organizer by putting together the beauty of the
counselor with the functions, competencies, rights, responsibilities and career
opportunities. (You may use crayons, pens, or metacards to make it more creative.)
d. Attach your output in your portfolio.
Rubrics:
Criteria Description Points
Content and Analysis It conveys an informative context and 10
understand the task given.
Organization and The structure was well-organized and 10
Creativity presented in very creative manner.
Total 20
Self-Reflection
RATING
LESSON OBJECTIVES
POOR AVERAGE EXCELLENT
Discuss the roles and functions of counselors
(MELC-4)
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I Learned…….
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.
References:
-“Characteristics of Effective Counseling,” University of Malawi,accessed January 16,
2020,www.oerafrica.org
-“Top Places to Work as a Counselor,” Career In Psychology, accessed January 16, 2020,
www.careerinpsychology.org/
-“Counseling Careers,“ 2U Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020,
www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become- a-counselor/counseling-careers/
–JACLYN MARIE L. CAUYAN, CHERISH AILEEN A. BRILLON AND ROSALIE T. QUILICOL.
“Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences.” Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc. 2016.
Answer Key
justifications may vary.)
(Explanations/
10. Unethical
9. Ethical
8. Unethical
7. Ethical
6. Unethical
5. Unethical
4. Unethical
3. Unethical
2. Ethical
1. Unethical
Exercise 1.
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