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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Prepared by:

RHEYJHEN M. CADAWAS
Teacher II

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1
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1
Social sciences and Applied Social Sciences

Background Information for Learners


1
WEEK-MELC 1
Understanding Pure Social Sciences

Social Science is a field of knowledge which aims in predicting and explaining


human behavior.
Humanities seeks to understand human reactions to events and the meanings impose on
experience as a function of culture, historical era and Life History.
Natural Sciences aims to predict natural phenomena and its studies are based on
experimentally controlled existence.
Social Sciences explore the historical, cultural, sociological, psychological, and the
political forces that shape the actions of individuals and their impact on society. The
different disciplines under social sciences all help us in providing better understanding
and appreciation of the complex issues that we face society. Take a look in the diagram
below.

In the field of Pure social sciences, we consider in the study the different disciplines
as we face the different issues we try to solve in the society. For example, the problem of
poverty, we consider these disciplines as to how they see the problem. How does it exist?
And why poverty continue to exist? In the field of Economics, perhaps you could say that
it exists because economically there is scarce resources and that goods and services are
priced high and some people cannot attend or meet these needs and also some are
underemployed or unemployed. People who study to solve social problems are called
social scientist. In their study, they solve these social problems systematically in a
process called scientific method.

Scientific method refers to standardized ways of techniques for building scientific


knowledge systematically such as how to interpret and generalize results which start from
identifying problems and ends with conclusions and recommendations.

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Steps in Scientific Method:
1. Defining the problem
2. Reviewing the related Literature
3. Forming Hypothesis
4. Collecting and Analyzing Data
5. Drawing Conclusions and Recommendations

Understanding Applied Social Sciences


To trace the history of Applied Social Sciences, this began as a result of the
reaction during late 1990’s when the different disciplines of social sciences, the history,
psychology history, political science, demography and others were seen as highly
segmented or divided. Scholars argued that these disciplines should work together to solve
social problems. This approach of working together, like combining the different disciplines
in solving different social problems became the focus of the applied social sciences.

Applied Social Sciences focus on the use and application of the different concepts,
theoretical models, and theories from Pure Social Sciences to help understand people and
the society including the different problems and issues it faces.
Applied Social Scientists can use his/her training in different work settings and use
the different theories in analyzing social problems and help to solve these.

Disciplines of Applied Social Sciences


Public Health, Urban Planning, and Public Administration may have been the first applied
social science disciplines in the United States. These three arose from social reform
movements in the late 19th and 20th centuries. From these three, other applied social
sciences were developed:

1. Accounting is a field provides business principles and other applied skills. It


understands individual or institutional finances including budget and cost analyses, payroll,
auditing taxes among others.

2. Business Administration It specializes in the operations and management of


business institutions.

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3. Criminology focuses on the study of crime, criminal behavior, and the legal system.

4. Healthcare Management provides professionals in clinics, hospitals, private


practices, nursing homes, research facilities, and the like with the focuses training required
to handle the unique management challenges of the healthcare industry.

5. Human Resources and Organizational Development provides a background in


personnel management, staff training and development, and crafting and institution of an
organization’s policies and procedures.

6. Information Technology and Management specializes in the administrative


knowledge needed to meet the demands of corporate technology systems including
problem solving, resource allocation, networking and security.

7. Marketing includes promotion, creative services, public relations, research,


consulting, communications, advertisement, strategy, branding and much more.

8. Policy Studies is a combination of policy analysis and program evaluation; involves


the systematic study of the nature, causes and effects of alternative public policies with
particular emphasis on determining the policies that will achieve given goals. It examines
the conflicts and conflict resolution that arise from making of policies in civil society, the
private sector or more commonly the public sector.

9. Public Administration concerned with the implementation of government policy.

10. Urban Planning concerned with the use of land, protection and use of the
environment, public welfare, and the design of the urban environment—includes air, water,
and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation,
communications and distribution networks.
But, there are selected three areas as an appropriate considerations that they are all
interdisciplinary and deals with the practical application of theories.

A. Counseling is a field/discipline of applied social sciences which provides guidance,


help and support to individuals who experience a diverse set of problems in their lives.
In this discipline you can learn about how important it is to listen to some problems of
other people and provide guidance to them to help them solve their own problems.

B. Social Work is another professional activity of the applied social sciences. Here
practitioners or those who practice a certain work, help individuals and families to
improve their collective being. In the succeeding lessons, you will surely learn about this
discipline.

C. Communication Studies provide adequate training for careers in the field of


journalism and mass communication. If it happened you see news in TV, those people
who work to provide us information through any media or means fall in this discipline.
Good communication skills are also important in counseling as well as in social work.

The roots of Counseling, Social Works and Communication Studies straddle the various
disciplines of psychology, sociology, anthropology, even political science and linguistics.
All three fields focus on improvement and empowerment of individual, a group or institution.

Remember that through the application of good journalism together with the correct
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knowledge of the different disciplines in the social sciences, applied social scientists have
enough skills to be able to write, produce, report and deliver news accurately and creatively
to the viewing public.

Learning Competency with Code


 Clarify the relationships and differences between social sciences and applied social
sciences (MELC-1)

Learning Enhancement

Exercise 1. Complete the Venn Diagram. A VENN Diagram is use to show the
differences and similarities between two ideas.

Pure Social Applied Social


Science Science

Guide Questions:

a. What are the similarities between Pure Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences?
b. How do Pure Social Sciences differ to Applied Social Sciences?

Rubrics for Venn diagram Exercise


Criteria 5 3 1
Information All the information given Some information given None of the information
are accurate. are accurate. given are accurate.
Venn Diagram All the information are Some information are None of the information
Correctness rightly placed in the rightly placed in the are rightly placed in the
(Similarities and diagram. diagram. diagram.
Differences)

Exercise 2. Directions: Read and understand the statements very carefully. Write TRUE if the
statement is true and FALSE if it is incorrect.
_1. Natural science is the study of society and the manner in which
people behave and influence the world around us.
_2. Social science is the study of how natural phenomena around us
work which includes biology, botany and zoology etc.

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_3. Geography studies the allocation of scarce resources and how
individuals interact with social structure to address questions
about production.
_4. Counseling is a field of Applied Social Science.
_5. Demography studies the analysis of statistics of birth, human
movement, morbidity, and mortality.
_6. Applied Social Science is focused on the use and application of the
different theories of social science disciplines to understand society
and solve social problems.
_7. Political Science is a main discipline of applied social science.
_8. Counseling is a field that focuses on providing guidance, help
and support to individuals by applying some psychological
methods which involve processes such as case history data,
personal interviews and aptitude tests.
_9. Social work is a field of Applied Social Science where
practitioners help families, groups and communities enhance
people’s skills and ability to help themselves in resolving their
own social and community problems.
_10. Engineering is a discipline of Social Science.

Self-Reflection

Rate your mastery of the learning objective/s. Put ✔ in the box.

RATING
LESSON OBJECTIVES
POOR AVERAGE EXCELLENT
Clarify the relationships and differences between
social sciences and applied social sciences

Cite differences among the applied social


sciences

I Learned…….
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

References Answer Key: Exercise 2


– JACLYN MARIE L. CAUYAN, CHERISH AILEEN A. BRILLON
AND ROSALIE T. QUILICOL. “Discipline and Ideas in the
5. True 10. False
Applied Social Sciences.” Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc. 2016. 4. True 9. True
– Myla M. Arcinas Ph. D., “Discipline and Ideas in the Applied 3. False 8. True
Social Sciences” 2. False 7. False
(Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016 ), 1. False 6. True
– Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Ph. D., Carl G. Fernandez, RSW,
MSW, Ma. Lourdes F. Melegrito. Ph. D. and iolet B. Valdez, Ph.
D., “Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences” (Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016)

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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1.2
ADM, DIASS, Department of Education – Regional Office 10
Disciplines of Counseling

Background Information for Learners


1
WEEK-MELC 2-3
The Discipline of Counseling

Counselling profession is a helping relationship. A process in which the counselor


assists the counselee to cope with his/her emotions and feelings and to help him/her makes positive
choices and decisions. It is a learning-oriented process, which occurs usually in an interactive
relationship, with the aim of helping a person learn more about the self, and to use such
understanding to enable the person to become an effective member of society. Counselling is a
process by means of which the helper expresses care and concern towards the person with a
problem, and facilitates that person's personal growth and brings about change through self-
knowledge.

Counseling as a Process

Counseling is a “learning process which individuals learn about themselves and their
interpersonal relationships, and enact behaviors that advance their personal development.”
(Schertzer and Stone 1981, 168.) As a process it includes a sequence or steps or actions which are
geared towards a particular end.

Counseling as a Relationship

It is defined by Burks and Stefflre as “a professional relationship between trained


counselor and a client. It usually person-to-person, although it may sometimes involve more than
two people.”

Meanwhile, According to Feltham and Dryden, It was defined as a “principled relationship


characterized by the application of one or more psychological theories and recognized set of
communication skills, modified experience, intuition and others interpersonal factors, to clients’
intimate concerns, problems and aspirations.. Undertaken by people agreeing to occupy roles of
counselor and client.” Other definition from the Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004 (RA No. 9258),
Counseling is a face-to-face helping relationships. It is a mission of service.

It is clear that counseling is a personal relationship between the counselor and a client. It promotes
being egalitarian in nature. It assisted clients to take responsibility in making choices and solving
problems for themselves.

Counseling as an Art

Nystul (1999) described counseling as “flexible and creative process whereby he


counselor adjusts the approach to the unique and emerging needs of the client.” It is also a conceot
of giving oneself. It manifested by providing concern and support as they “put their selves in client’s
shoes” and by “going beyond the self and feels at one with the client.”

Counseling as a Science

As a science, counseling delves into objective realm of counseling process. Counselors are
encouraged to be “counselor-scientists” where thet are required to have the skills to formulate
observations, and inferences, test hypotheses, build theories, use psychological test and use
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research methods.” (Clairborn as quoted n Nystul, 1999, 4-5)

Counseling as an emerging profession

Counseling as helping profession, significantly flourished in the 20 th Century. “An emergin


profession….a service sought by people in distress or in some degree of confusion who wish to
discuss and resolve these in a relationship which is more disciplined and confidential that friendship,
and perhaps less stigmatizing than helping relationships offered in traditional or psychiatric settings.”
(Feltham and Dryden as quoted in McLeod 2003, 7)

Goals of Counseling

Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person with a need. This
relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes it may involve more than two people.
Here are the five commonly named goals of counseling:

1. Facilitating behavior change


2. Improving the client’s ability to establish and maintain relationships.
3. Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and ability to cope.
4. Promoting the decision-making process and facilitating client potential.
5. Development.

McLeod (2003), Listed 15 specific goals of counseling.

GOAL EXPECTED OUTCOME


Insight Clients gain knowledge about people, processes and events, which can further
heighten their understanding of themselves and their world.
Relating with others Clients learn how to establish “meaningful and satisfying relationship” with people
around them.
Self-awareness Clients become more aware of their thoughts, feelings and actions.
Self-acceptance Clients gain a positive view of themselves.
Self-Actualization Clients maximize their full potential and develop themselves as individuals rather
than just part of a group.
Enlightenment Clients reach a higher state of spirituality.
Problem-solving Client develop problem-solving skills.
Psychological Education Clients attain an understanding of people’s behavior.
Acquisition of Social Skills Clients develop and enhance social and interpersonal skills.
Cognitive Change Clients modify irrational beliefs or self-defeating thoughts that hinder their
development.
Behavior Change Clients replace maladaptive behaviors that impede them from maximizing their
potentials and hinder from building and maintaining interpersonal relationships.
Systematic Change Clients realize that problems are also rooted in social institutions and processes;
thus, initiating changes in these areas is also important.
Empowerment Clients develop knowledge, skills and attitudes that can help them take better control
of their lives.
Restitution Clients make peace with themselves for their past mistakes.
Generativity and Social Clients are to think an do something for others.
Action

The goal should meet the following criteria:

a. It must be goal shared by client;


b. the counselor must be willing to help the client achieve this goal; and
c. it must be possible to assess the extent to which the client archives the goal.

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Principles of Counseling

Counseling is a long-term process and consists of professional communicatin.


These are the principles of counseling:
1. Principle of acceptance
Accept the patient with his physical, psychological, social, economic and
cultural conditions.
2. Principal of communication
Communication should be verbal as well as non-verbal and should be skillful.
3. Principle of empathy
Instead of showing sympathy put yourself in patient’s shoes and then give
reflections accordingly.
4. Principle of non-judge
Mental attitude. Do not criticize or comment negatively regarding patient’s
complaints.
5. Principle of confidentiality
Always keep the patient’s name and the problem strictly secrete and assure the
patient about the same.
6. Principle of individuality
Treat each and every patient as unique and respect his problem as well.
7. Principle of non-emotional involvement
Do not get emotionally involved with the patient and avoid getting carried away with
his feelings.

Core Values of Counseling

Counseling profession will also challenge the counselor to value the counselee. Here are the core
values of counseling:

1. Respect for human dignity refers to the unconditional positive regard, compassion,
non-judgmental attitude, empathy and trust.
2. Partnership refers to the support on integrated healing, integrity, sensitivity and
openness.
3. Autonomy refers to the respect for confidentiality, trust, ensuring a safe
environment and no imposition of advices.
4. Responsible caring refers to respecting the potentials of every human being to change
and to continue learning.
5. Personal integrity refers to the reflection of honesty and truthfulness.
6. Social justice refers to being accepting and respectful of the diversity of clients.

Learning Competency with Code


 Identify the goals and scope of counseling (MELC-2)
 Explain the principles of counseling (MELC-3)

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Learning Enhancement

Exercise 1. Directions: Questions from Review. Answer the following questions


briefly.

1. Why is counseling as an art and, at the same time, a science?


__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
2. Why is counseling referred as emerging helping profession?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
3. Why is counseling defined as a relationship? What are the characteristics of a counseling
relationship?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
4. Among the Principles of Counseling, Which one is the most essential? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
5. How the Core Values will help the counselor in counseling his/her client?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
Rubrics for Questions from Review per item.
Criteria Description Points
Content It was written very clear. 4
Analysis It conveys an informative context and 4
answers the questions correctly.
Organization The structure was well-organized. 2
Total 10

Exercise 2. Modified Agree or Disagree. Write Agree if you are in favor in the statement. If not,
write Disagree and explain your insights.

______1. Counseling stresses the client’s taking responsibility over their actions.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
______2. Counselors give advice to clients to help them solve their problem.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
______3. Counseling can be an avenue for self-exploration and self-discovery wherein the clients can
gain more understanding about the self.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.

______4. Goals in the counseling process are determined solely by the counselors.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.

______5. Counseling is for curing serious mental disorders.


__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.

Rubrics for Modified Agree or Disagree per item.


Criteria Description Points
Content It was written very clear. 2
Analysis It conveys an informative context and 2
answers the questions correctly.
Organization The structure was well-organized. 1
Total 5

Self-Reflection

Rate your mastery of the learning objective/s. Put ✔ in the box.

RATING
LESSON OBJECTIVES
POOR AVERAGE EXCELLENT
Identify the Goals and Scope of Counseling

Explain the Principles of Counseling

I Learned…….
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________.
Source:
-“What are the Goals of Counseling,’’Owlcation, accessed January 16, 2020, www.owlcation.com/social-
science/What -are- the-goals-of-counseling
-“Counselling: Meaning,Techniques and Principles”,Your Article Library, accessed January 16, 2020, www.yourarticle.com
-”Core Values of Counseling, “Prezi, accessed January 16, 2020, www.prezi.com/corevaluesincounseling
–JACLYN MARIE L. CAUYAN, CHERISH AILEEN A. BRILLON AND ROSALIE T. QUILICOL. “Discipline and Ideas in the
Applied Social Sciences.” Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc. 2016.

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LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2
Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling
1
2-3
WEEK-MELC 4-7
Background Information for Learners

Now that you know already the definitions, goals, scopes, core values and principles
of counseling, let us go further, this time let me introduce to you the professionals and
practitioners of counseling.

Counseling profession is very challenging, the person must acquire a counseling style
tailored to their own personality by familiarizing themselves the different approaches in
counseling. To be qualified in counseling profession he/she must study masters or doctoral
degree and pass the licensure exam. A counselor must have personal qualities like: self-
awareness and understanding, caring attitude, sensitivity, open-mindedness and objectivity
plus accepting personal congruence. A professional counselor must have the ability to listen,
convey understanding without judgment, ability to be sensitive, empathic, patient and the
ability to convey to the client that the counselor values the client’s experiences. Moreover,
conveys the belief that the client is capable, trustworthy, respectable, worthy and dependable.

Republic Act 9258, an act professionalizing the practice of guidance and counseling
adheres counseling practitioners to abide the code of ethics in this profession, thus a
counselor must uphold professional responsibility, counseling relationship, dimension of
confidentiality, ethical issues in a multicultural perspective, ethical issues in the assessment
process.

With this competence, counselors may work in hospitals, Correctional and prison
facilities, rehabilitation centers, retail business, educational system, career centers, nonprofit
or social services agencies, religious institution, private and public practice as well as in a
weight loss camp.

An effective counselor must have an understanding and awareness of systematic


theories that guide professional practice, sufficient encounter and understanding with human
beings furthermore, sufficient human experience and awareness of one self’s strength,
limitations and values.

COUNSELORS: Who are they?

They are professionally trained individuals who help clients experiencing difficulties by
engaging them in the counseling process. They use an “integrated approach to the
development of a well-functioning individual primarily by helping him/her maximize his/her
potentials to the fullest and plan his/her future in accordance with his/her abilities, interests
and needs.” (Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004).

Roles of the Counselors

Counselors offer guidance to individuals, couples, families and groups who are dealing
with issues that affect their mental health and well-being. Many counselors approach their
work holistically, using a “wellness” model which highlights and encourages client’s strengths.

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According to Shertzer and Stone (1974), there are nine counselor roles. See in table listed
below.

COUNSELOR ROLE DESCRIPTION


Quasi-administrator These are “administrative handy persons”, counselors
assume the role of administrators when the school heads
are not around.
Generalist As generalists, counselors coordinate and administer
services and resources.
Specialist Counselors give their counseling duties priority over other
activities.
Agent for change Counselors initiate change within the clients by helping
them arrive at possibilities and options and by catalyzing
change.
Specialist in Counselors create and implement activities and programs
Psychological Education for facilitating self-development.
Applied behavioral Counselors provide experiences and conditions which are
scientist based on theories and researches on behavioral sciences
that aim to foster learning among clients.
Contingency Manager Counselors arrange consequences for behavior if clients ail
or succeed in carrying out an action plan agreed upon by
both parties.
Consultant Counselor confer with teachers, administrators, parents,
and others to help identified clients.
Helping professional Counselors assist their clients achieve their optimal
development.

Functions of Counseling
Counselors work in diverse community settings designed to provide a variety of
counseling, rehabilitation and support services. Their duties vary greatly depending on their
specialty which is determined by the setting in which they work and the population they serve.
Gibson and Mitchell (2008) cite the traditional functions of counselors which are
observable across different work settings:
a. Counseling. It focuses on client’s growth, adjustment, problem solving and
decision-making needs.
b. Assessment. It is the process of systematically gathering information about the
clients.
c. Career Assistance. Focused on helping clients explore their career options.
d. Placement and Follow-up. It determines the client’s satisfactions and the
effectiveness of the delivery of services.
e. Referral. Usually done when need to find and transfer their clients to other experts
with special expertise who may able to help the clients more.
f. Consultations. Confer with the third party to help clients in addressing their needs.

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g. Research. Need for self-professional development to help in the advancement of
the counseling profession.
h. Evaluation and accountability. They must consistently and consciously think
about while implementing the guidance and counseling program. Assess the
effectiveness of counseling interventions and ensures that program and personnel are
responsive.
i. Prevention. Healthy attitudes and habits are promoted while early signs of problems
are detected.
Competencies of Counseling
Counselors are licensed mental health therapists who provide assessment,
diagnosis and counseling to people facing a variety of life stresses and psychological
problems. They help people with relationship issues, family problems, job stress, mental
health disorders such as depression and anxiety and many other challenging problems that
can impact feelings of well-being and happiness. To be effective in their roles, counselors
should enjoy helping others and possess specific attributes and skills. Here are the
competencies of counselors:
1. Communication skills
Effective counselors should have excellent communication skills before embarking on
a counseling career. Counselors need to have a natural ability to listen and be able clearly
explain their ideas and thoughts to others.
2. Acceptance
Counselors must be able to “start where the client is at.” This phrase is often used in
counseling to describe the ability to relate to clients with an open, nonjudgmental attitude-
accepting the client for who she is and her current situation.
3. Empathy
Counselors help people through some of the most difficult and stressful times of their
lives. They must be able to display empathy-the ability to feel what another person is feeling.
4. Problem-Solving skills
Counselors must have excellent problem-solving skills to be able to help their clients identify
and make changes to negative thought patterns and other harmful behaviors that might be
contributing to their issues.
5. Rapport-Building skills
Counselors must possess a strong set of interpersonal skills to help establish rapport quickly
with clients and develop strong relationships. They must give their undivided attention to
clients and be able to cultivate trust.
6. Flexibility
Counselors must have the ability to adapt and change the way they respond to meet
their client’s needs.

~ 14 ~
7. Self-Awareness
Counselors need to have the ability to look within and identify their own unmet
psychological needs and desires, such as a need for intimacy or the desires to be
professionally competent.
8. Multicultural Competency
Counselors help people from all walks of life. They must display multicultural competency and
adopt a multicultural worldview.
Specific Work Areas of Counselors

The following places of employment offer work opportunities for someone with a
counseling degree:

1. Hospitals
Counselors provide mental health evaluations, some counselors are hired to assist
patients overcome various psychological and behavioral issues.

2. Impatient or Outpatient Detoxification Centers


Counselors may also serve as detox specialists or crisis workers within detoxification
center.

Counselors are hired to work in:


2.1. Impatient facilities hire counselors to assist with 24-hour care of high-risk patients
battling substance abuse.
2.2. Outpatient facilities hire counselors to provide treatment during the day, while
patients are allowed to return to their homes at night.

3. Mental Health Facilities & Agencies


Counselors provide one-on-one treatment or holding group therapy sessions.
Community counselors are hired at localized mental health agencies to assist a local
population, interact with community leaders, and bridge the gap between support services
found in surrounding areas.

4. Residential Care Facilities


A residential care facility provides counseling services to people living in a temporary
environment that requires continuous supervision. This may include facilities that house
troubled or at-risk youths, autistic children, or people with mental or physical disabilities.

5. Halfway Houses
Halfway houses, also known as transitional housing facilities and recovery houses,
hire rehabilitation and substance abuse counselors to guide patients or residents in need of
help transitioning back to a societal environment, their family, their community, and/or entering
the workforce.

6. Geriatric-Related Facilities
Counselors, especially geriatric counselors, are often employed by facilities, agencies
and organizations that serve the elderly population.

7. Medical Hospitals and Outpatient Clinics


Counselors are hired to work with veterans, their spouses, and family to address
issues, such as PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) and anger management.

~ 15 ~
8. Correctional Facilities and/or Prisons
From mental health counseling to substance abuse counseling, the prison system
employs counselors to provide individual and group therapy for individuals who are jailed, or
living in a correctional facility.

9. Retail Businesses
Assuming positions in the human resources or public relations departments of large
retail organizations, job duties typically include improving company-customer relationships, as
well as designing and conducting training programs.

10. The Educational System


Primarily helping students to better navigate the stresses of growing up and
successfully completing their studies, counselors play an important role at all levels of the
school system.

Counseling Careers

Counselors often work in a wide array of settings-even when in one specific career.
Here are the career opportunities of counselors.

1. Mental Health Counselor


Mental health counselors provide therapeutic support to clients faced with mental,
emotional and behavioral health issues, such as anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem
and other concerns.

2. School Counselor
Professional school counselor provides services to students to support their academic,
personal and social development while working with teachers, administrators and parents.

3. Career Counselor
Career counselors help individuals understand themselves and the world of work to
make solid occupational, education and life decisions.
4. Child Counselor
Child and adolescent counselors help children and teens with physical, emotional, or
mental roadblocks that impede healthy development.

5. College Counselor
College counselors provide college students with a variety of supports in order to
promote overall academic, mental and behavioral wellness.

6. Grief Counselor
Grief counselors support client growth from profound loss, death of a loved one,
debilitating injury, terminal illness, divorce or other personal bereavements.

7. Military Counselor
Military counselors assist active duty, veterans and their families on mental, emotional
and social concerns related to the military lifestyle and experience.

8. Pastoral Counselor
In pastoral settings, counselors combine therapy with theological training to offer
patients a unique and integrated approach to sessions.

9. Rehabilitation Counselor

~ 16 ~
For individuals with physical, mental, developmental, and or emotional disabilities,
rehabilitation counselors assist them in leading fulfilling and successful independent lives.

10. Substance Abuse Counselor


Substance abuse and addiction counselors work with clients to support their mental
and physical health in order to accurately provide a holistic treatment of substance abuse
disorders.

Code of Ethics

Guidance counselors work with clients, as individuals and in groups, to whom they
supply professional services concerning educational, vocational, personal and social
development. The following are the ethical behaviors and unethical behaviors among
counselors:

Ethical Behaviors:
 They protect members from practices that may result in public condemnation.
 They provide a measure of self-regulation, thus giving members a certain freedom and
autonomy.
 They provide clients a degree of protection from cheats and the incompetent.
 They help to protect counselors from the public if they pursued for malpractice.

Unethical Behaviors:
 Incompetence
 Lack of integrity
 Violating confidences
 Exceeding the level of professional competence
 Imposing values on clients
 Creating dependence on the part of the clients to meet the counselor’s own
Needs
 Improper advertising
 Charging fees for private counseling to those who are entitled to free services through
the counselor’s employing institutions and or using one’s job to recruit clients for a
private practice.

Learning Competency with Code


 Discuss the roles and functions of counselors (MELC-4)
 Identify specific work areas in which counselors work (MELC-5)
 Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors (MELC-6)
 Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors
(MELC-7)

Learning Enhancement

Exercise 1. Situation Analysis. Distinguish whether the counselor in the


following situations exhibit ethical or unethical behavior. Explain your
answer based on what you have learned from this lesson.

_______1. A counselor reveals the results of a client’s personality test to a colleague without
asking for the client’s permission.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

~ 17 ~
_______2. A counselor regularly attends trainings for her professional development.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

_______3. A counselor refuses to give counseling services to a homosexual because she is


against in homosexuality.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

______4. A counselor who is not trained in addictions counseling agrees to see a client who
is undergoing rehabilitation.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

______5. A counselor refuses a friend who requests to see and advise his daughter about
what course to take in college.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

______6. A counselor did not inform his client’s parents that his counselee is threatening to
harm himself.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

______7. A counselor orients her clients as to the process of counseling, its possible risks and
effects, and then asks the client to sign an informed consent form.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

______8. A counselor becomes romantically and sexually involved with a client. He refuses
to terminate counseling relationship because this might also end intimate relationship.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

______9. A counselor refers a client to another professional because the client’s problem is
beyond the counselor’s competency.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

_____10. A counselor reveals the proceedings of her counseling sessions with her client’s
friend to help mend their broken friendship.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________.

~ 18 ~
Rubrics for Exercise 1 per item.
Criteria Description Points
Content It was written very clear. 2
Analysis It conveys an informative context and 2
answers the questions correctly.
Organization The structure was well-organized. 1
Total 5

Additional Task: “Mini Me Activity: I as Counselor”. Prepare your art materials (bond
paper, colored papers, glue, scissors, crayons and the like).

Procedure:

a. First, Cut out or Draw your “Mini-Me”. Illustrate yourself using your art materials
representing your chosen career as counselor. (It may be caricature or printed).
b. Next, Paste or draw your Mine-Me at the center of your bond paper.
c. Then, make a creative graphic organizer by putting together the beauty of the
counselor with the functions, competencies, rights, responsibilities and career
opportunities. (You may use crayons, pens, or metacards to make it more creative.)
d. Attach your output in your portfolio.

Rubrics:
Criteria Description Points
Content and Analysis It conveys an informative context and 10
understand the task given.
Organization and The structure was well-organized and 10
Creativity presented in very creative manner.
Total 20

Self-Reflection

Rate your mastery of the learning objective/s. Put ✔ in the box.

RATING
LESSON OBJECTIVES
POOR AVERAGE EXCELLENT
Discuss the roles and functions of counselors
(MELC-4)

Identify specific work areas in which counselors


work (MELC-5)

Value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of


counselors (MELC-6)

Distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors


among counselors (MELC-7)

~ 19 ~
I Learned…….
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________.

References:
-“Characteristics of Effective Counseling,” University of Malawi,accessed January 16,
2020,www.oerafrica.org
-“Top Places to Work as a Counselor,” Career In Psychology, accessed January 16, 2020,
www.careerinpsychology.org/
-“Counseling Careers,“ 2U Incorporated,accessed January 16, 2020,
www.onlinecounsellingprograms.com/become- a-counselor/counseling-careers/
–JACLYN MARIE L. CAUYAN, CHERISH AILEEN A. BRILLON AND ROSALIE T. QUILICOL.
“Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences.” Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc. 2016.

Answer Key
justifications may vary.)
(Explanations/
10. Unethical
9. Ethical
8. Unethical
7. Ethical
6. Unethical
5. Unethical
4. Unethical
3. Unethical
2. Ethical
1. Unethical
Exercise 1.

~ 20 ~

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