Scribd
Upload
67 views2 pages

Mito Chloro Lecture

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that convert energy into forms cells can use. Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration of fuels like glucose, while chloroplasts generate ATP and carbohydrates from sunlight through photosynthesis. Both organelles have double membranes and internal structures like DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes to carry out their functions of transforming energy for the cell.

Uploaded by

Duane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
67 views2 pages

Mito Chloro Lecture

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that convert energy into forms cells can use. Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration of fuels like glucose, while chloroplasts generate ATP and carbohydrates from sunlight through photosynthesis. Both organelles have double membranes and internal structures like DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes to carry out their functions of transforming energy for the cell.

Uploaded by

Duane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

The Cell: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

Mitochondria & chloroplasts are the organelles that convert energy to forms that cells can use for work
-mitochondria:
--from glucose to ATP
-chloroplasts:
--from sunlight to ATP & carbohydrates
---ATP = active energy
---carbohydrates = stored energy

ATP: What is it and How it Works


-A molecule in the cell that allows for quick and easy access to energy when needed by cell’s organelles
-A type of chemical energy ( it releases energy when chemical bonds are broken)

Mitochondria
Functions:
--cellular respiration
--generate ATP
---from breakdown of sugars, fats & other fuels
---in the presence of oxygen
-----break down larger molecules into smaller to generate energy = catabolism
-----generate energy in presence of O2 = aerobic respiration
Structure:
--2 membranes
---outer membrane
---inner membrane
---the cristae
--fluid-filled space between 2 membranes
--internal fluid-filled space
---mitochondrial matrix
---DNA, ribosomes & enzymes
Why 2 membranes?
-increase surface area for membrane-bound enzymes that synthesize ATP

Mitochondria
-Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria
---there may be 1 very large mitochondrion or 100s to 1000s of individual mitochondria
---number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic metabolic activity
-----more activity = more energy needed = more mitochondria

What cells would have a lot of mitochondria?


- active cells:
• muscle cells
• nerve cells
Chloroplasts
-Found in plants and algae (site for photosynthesis)
-From the Greek word “chloros” which means green
-And “plastes” which means ‘the one who forms’

Structure:
--2 membranes
---outer membrane
--- inner membrane
--internal fluid-filled space = stroma
---DNA, ribosomes & enzymes
---thylakoids = membranous sacs where ATP is made
---grana = stacks of thylakoids

Function:
--photosynthesis
--generate ATP & synthesize sugars
----transform solar energy into chemical energy
----produce sugars from CO2 & H2O
--Semi-autonomous
----moving, changing shape & dividing

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
-The purpose of photosynthesis is to convert the energy in photons (the infinitesimally small packets of energy
that make up light) into the chemical bonds of sugar molecules. 

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts


-transform energy
---generate ATP
-double membranes = 2 membranes
-semi-autonomous organelles
---move, change shape, divide
-internal ribosomes, DNA & enzymes

You might also like