1

PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY

CET 0225.1

Subject
Code - CET 0225.1-4 Group No 6
Experiment 1 Section
Gapit, Sophia Angela
VECTOR V. Latina, Jeffrey V.
Lim, Denzel Clyde F.
ADDITION Magparangalan,
Course &
Name: Brigette Ann P. BSIT 2-4
AND Mangalus, Justine Mae
Year:
C.
EQUILIBRIUM Mariano, Marc Ernest
OF FORCES Lab
C.
Prof. Maculeta E.
Date:
Professor: Omiles

OBJECTIVES:

 To demonstrate vector addition using the interactive force table.

 To compare the resultant obtained from force table to the resultant using graphical and analytical
methods.

PRINCIPLE:

Forces are vector quantities acting on an object. They can be concurrent forces or parallel forces.
Forces that pass through the same point are called Concurrent forces (Fig. 2.1). Concurrent forces can be
demonstrated using a force table. Also, force table is a device used to demonstrate the equilibrant force.
Equilibrant force is a single force that balances the sum of the forces acting on a body. The sum of all forces
acting on the body is called Resultant forces. And the force that balances the effect of all forces acting on the
body is the Equilibrant force. Equilibrant force has the same magnitude as the resultant force but directly
opposite the direction of the resultant force

There are two ways to solve the resultant: Graphical Method and Analytical Method. For the graphical
method, one may choose the Parallelogram method or the Polygon (tip-tail) method. To solve by graphical
solution, vectors are scaled. In the parallelogram method, vectors are drawn from one original point (origin of
the axis). Then, draw vector lines parallel to them connected in their tip ends with their tail-ends meet at one
point. From the origin, draw a line towards the point where the two tail-ends meet. This line represents the
resultant of the two vectors. Alternatively, in the polygon method, the tip-end of one vector is connected to the
tail-end of the second vector. The tip-end of the third vector is then connected to the tip-end of the second
vector. And so on, until the last vector is connected to the others. From the tail-end of the first vector, draw a
line towards the tip-end of the last vector added in the system. This line represents the resultant of the vectors.

The other solution for adding vector is the Analytical Method. In solving the resultant force, we will
use the following equations:

n
magnitude of the resultant:
|∑ |
i=1
F́ i = R=√ R2x + R2y ; Equation 2.1

|∑ |
i=1
F́ xi =R x , x−component of R ;
 1
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
CET 0225.1
n

|∑ |
i=1
F́ yi =R y , y−component of R

direction of the resultant:

Ry Equation 2.2
tanθ R = ; θ is the angle with respect ¿ x
Rx R

Since the resultant (R) and the equilibrant (E) have the same magnitude and is oppositely directed, their sum is
equal to zero. Hence, the forces are in equilibrium. That means, the magnitude and directions of the forces
acting on the object are balanced. This is the First Condition for Equilibrium.

PROCEDURES:

I. Equilibrium of Two Concurrent Forces

1. Using the interactive force table - https://www.geogebra.org/m/ygq9m5rd, set m 3 ,m 4 , ϑ3 ∧ϑ4
equal to zero.
2. Set the values for m 1 ,m 2 ,ϑ 1∧ϑ2.
3. Record the values of R and ϑ R.
4. Complete the table in the Laboratory report, with complete solution.
5. Compare your answer with the answers you get from your assignment (Graphical Solution) by
solving their percentage difference.
|R−Rgraphical|
% difference= x 100
R+ R graphical
( 2 )
II. Equilibrium of Three Concurrent Forces
1. Using the interactive force table - https://www.geogebra.org/m/ygq9m5rd, set m 4 ∧ϑ4 equal to
zero.
2. Set the values for ϑ1 , ϑ2 , ϑ3 , m 1 , m 2 ,∧m 3.
3. Record the values of R and ϑ R.
4. Complete the table in the Laboratory report, with complete solution.
5. Compare your answer with the answers you get from your assignment (Graphical Solution) by
solving their percentage difference.
|R−Rgraphical|
% difference= x 100
R+ R graphical
( 2 )
III. Equilibrium of Four Concurrent Forces
1. Repeat the same procedures in 1 and II but this time all masses and thetas have values.
 1
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
CET 0225.1

Laboratory Report
DATA AND RESULTS:

I. Equilibrium of Two Concurrent Forces - Using the interactive force table -

https://www.geogebra.org/m/ygq9m5rd

Force, N X – component Y – component Position, θ x

m 1(400 g) 3.92 N 3.00 N 2.52 N 40 º
m 2 (300 g) 2.94 N -2.41 N 1.69 N 145º
R 4.25 N RX = 0.59 N RY = 4.21 N
ϑR 82.02º 82.02º
E 4.25 N -0.59 N -4.21 N
ϑE 82.02º 262.02º
R graphical 4.21 N
ϑ graphical 83º
% difference 0.95 % 1.18%

Picture of the
Interactive
force table

Computations:
 1
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
CET 0225.1

II. Equilibrium of Three Concurrent Forces - Using the interactive force table -
https://www.geogebra.org/m/ygq9m5rd

Force, N X – component Y – component Position, θ x

m 1(400 g) 3.92 N 3.00 N 2.52 N 40 º
m 2 (300 g) 2.94 N -2.41 N 1.69 N 145º
m3 (95 g) 0.93 N -0.33 N 0.87 N 111º
R 5.09 N 0.26 N 5.08 N
ϑR 87.07º 87.07º
E -5.09 N -0.26 N -5.08 N
ϑE 87.07º 267.07º
R graphical
ϑ graphical
% difference

Picture of the
Interactive force
table

Computations:
 1
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
CET 0225.1
III. Equilibrium of Four Concurrent Forces - Using the interactive force table -
https://www.geogebra.org/m/ygq9m5rd

Force, N X – component Y – component Position, θ x

m1
m2
m3
m4
R
ϑR
E
ϑE
R graphical
ϑ graphical
% difference

Picture of the
Interactive force
table

Computations:
 1
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
CET 0225.1

CONCLUSION:
Click or tap here to enter text.
 1
PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS LABORATORY
CET 0225.1

QUESTIONS:
1. Show that the forces and its equilibrant in Table 1. will conform to Sine law.
Click or tap here to enter text.

2. If two vectors have the unequal magnitude, can their resultant be equal to zero?
Click or tap here to enter text.