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Immaculate Conception Polytechnic: Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

This document provides instruction on vector quantities and vector addition. It defines scalar and vector quantities, and explains that vectors can be represented by arrows with magnitude and direction. It then describes two methods for adding vectors: the graphical polygon method and the analytical component method. An example problem demonstrates both methods to find the resultant vector from four given displacements. The summary compares the answers obtained from both addition methods.

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Shane
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52 views9 pages

Immaculate Conception Polytechnic: Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

This document provides instruction on vector quantities and vector addition. It defines scalar and vector quantities, and explains that vectors can be represented by arrows with magnitude and direction. It then describes two methods for adding vectors: the graphical polygon method and the analytical component method. An example problem demonstrates both methods to find the resultant vector from four given displacements. The summary compares the answers obtained from both addition methods.

Uploaded by

Shane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC

Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.


Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

MODULE 3
In this module, you will learn:

3.1 Difference between a scalar quantities and a vector quantities

3.2 How to represent vectors.

3.3 Determine the vector sum of two or more given vectors using:

a. Graphical Method (Polygon method, Head –tail )

b. Analytical method ( Component Method)

OBJECTIVES: After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Compare & contrast a vector quantities from a scalar quantities.


2. Classify various physical quantities as to vectors or scalars.
3. Enhance the cognitive and affective domain of students’ learning in
describing how to represent vectors.
4. Develop science process skills in graphing, comparing and interpreting of
data and result from the self evaluation ( addition of vectors)

TIME FRAME : 3 HOURS

DISCUSSION:

DEFINITION:

 Scalar quantities are those that can be described completely by their magnitudes and
appropriate units
 Vector quantities are those that are completely described by magnitude, appropriate
units and directions
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

VECTOR REPRESENTATION & DIRECTION

 A vector quantity could be represented by an arrow. The length and


direction of the arrow represent the magnitude and direction of the vector
quantity
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

VECTOR ADDITION :

 The sum of two or more vector quantities is called the resultant vector, or simply
resultant.
 The resultant is the single vector that, if substituted in place of all vectors to be added,
would produce the same combined effect of these vector. The notation R is usually used
to represent the resultant.
 The equilibrant – is the vector equal in magnitude of the resultant but acts in the
opposite direction
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

METHODS OF VECTOR ADDITION

 There are two general methods by which vectors may be added:


graphical & analytical
 The graphical methods is further subdivided into ( parallelogram and
polygon methods). We are just going to use the polygon method.
 The analytical method of finding the resultant vector is divided into
two: ( 1 )The law of sines & cosines and ( 2) the component method)
 In vector addition, the laws of sines and cosines are generally used if
there are only two vectors to be added.
 The component method is more convenient to use than the laws of
sines and cosines if there are more than two vectors added.

GRAPHICAL METHOD OF ADDING VECTORS USING THE POLYGON


METHOD.

1. Given the ff vectors ( A, B, C & D)


2. ( b) head tail rule
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

ADDITION OF VECTORS : Graphical ( Polygon method)

Example 1

You are out for an early morning walk. You walk 5.0 m, south and 12.o m, east.
Then you decided to walk farther and go 4.0 m, southwest and 6.0 m, west. How
far are you now from your starting point and in what direction? B) would you
have arrived at the same spot had you taken the steps in this order: 12.0 m, east;
4.0 m southwest; 5.0m, south and 6.0 m west. Use the polygon method to
determine your answer.

Steps:

1. Represent each vector quantity by an arrow drawn to scale.


2. Starting from the origin, drawn the 1st vector on th rectangular coordinate
system, accounting properly its direction.
3. Connect the tail of the 2nd vector to the head of the 1st vector. Then connect
the tail of the third vector to the head of the 2nd vector. You may continue
drawing the vectors head to tail until you draw the last vector to be added.
4. The resultant will close the figure formed by connecting the vectors. This
resultant is drawn from the tail of the last vector to the head of the 1st
vector.
5. Measure the length of the arrow representing the resultant.determine the
magnitude of the resultant from the scale used.
6. Use a protractor to determine the direction of the resultant.
7. If there are only two vectors to be added, the polygon that will be formed is
a triangle. In this case, the polygon method is otherwise known as the
triangle method.

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC


Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

ANSWER TO THE SAMPLE PROBLEM:

Resultant : is 8m; 68 0 from the west towards the south

Analytical method of Finding the resultant ( component method)

 The word component means part. Hence, the componnents of a vector


means the parts of a vector.A vector has an x-part and a y-part or an x
component or a y-component
 Using trigonometry, a right triangle uses the acronym called SOH- CAH-TOA
 The mathematical definition of sine, cosine and tangent in a right triangle
are the following:
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

opposite sidelength
Sin θ = hypotenuse length ¿
¿

adjacent side length


Cos θ = hypotenuse length

opposite side length


Tan θ = adjacent side length

Sample problem

Ana runs 4.0m, 400 north of east, 2.0 m east; 5.20m, 30.00 south of west; and 6.50
m, south before stopping for water break. Find the resultant displacement from
where she started?

vectors Horizontal component Vertical component


A = 4.00 m 40.00 north of Ax = 4.00 m ( cos 400) Ay = 4.0m ( sin 400)
east = 3.06 m = 2.57 m
B = 2.0 m, east Bx = 2.00 m By = 0
C= 5.0 m, 30.00 south of Cx = 5.0 m ( cos 30.00) Cy = -5.20 m ( sin 30.00)
west = - 4.50 m = - 2.60 m
D= 6.5m south Dx = 0 Dy= - 6.50 m
Σdx = + 0.56 m Σdy = -6.53 m
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

To illustrate the Resultant displacement:it is the length ( dR ) from the origin to


end of the dy

Solving for the magnitude of dR of the resultant

2 2 2
dR = Σ ( dx ) +¿ ¿ = ( 0.56 m ) + (−6.53 m) ¿ = 6.6 m
√ ¿ √ ¿
IMMACULATE CONCEPTION POLYTECHNIC
Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines Inc.
Marian Road, Poblacion, Sta. Maria, Bulacan

Solving for the direction θ of the resultant

Σdy −6.53 m
Θ = tan -1⦋ Σdx ⦌ = tan -1⦋ 0.56 m ⦌

= 850

Since Σdxis positive and Σdy is negative, the resultant must be in the fourth
quadrant. Hence the direction must be 850 south of west.

Therefore dR is 6.6 m 850 south of east

Self Evaluation :

Critical Thinking : Find the resultant in the given problem using the graphical

( polygon method) and the analytical ( component method). Compare your


answer using the two methods.

1. You found a treasure map and it said: Start at the well, go 00 m straight
south, the 30 m, 400 north of west, then 25 m straight east and finally 45
m, 750 south of east. How far from the well and in what directionis the
hidden treasure?

END OF MODULE 3

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