Mike Chirico ([email protected]) or (mchirico@comcast.

net)
Copyright (c) 2005 (GNU Free Documentation License)
Last Updated: Wed Jun 15 17:13:10 EDT 2005
[http://souptonuts.sourceforge.net/gcc_cdrom.html]

1. First step creating user "distro"

# groupadd distro
# useradd -s /bin/bash -g distro -m -k /dev/null distro
# passwd distro

# mkdir /distro
# mkdir /distro/tools
# chown -R distro.distro /distro

# ln -s /distro/tools /

# su - distro

2. Create the ~/.bash_profile with the following.

set +h
umask 022
DISTRO=/distro
LC_ALL=POSIX
PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
export DISTRO LC_ALL PATH

Now run it.

source ~/.bash_profile

3. The fist package to get installed is Binutils.

$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.16.tar.gz
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.16.tar.gz.sig
$ tar -xzf binutils-2.16.tar.gz
$ cd binutils-2.16

$ ./configure --prefix=/distro/tools --disable-nls

Make Part.

$ make configure-host
$ make LDFLAGS="-all-static"
$ make install

Linker "Adjusting" phase.

$ make -C ld clean
$ make -C ld LDFLAGS="-all-static" LIB_PATH=/tools/lib

4. Install GCC
Ok, first mistake was going with gcc4. I now need to backup and go with
gcc 3, since there are problems with glibc. GCC creates a /tools directory

http://gcc.gnu.org/install/configure.html

$ cd
 $ wget http://strawberry.resnet.mtu.edu/pub/gcc/gcc/releases/gcc-3.4.3/gcc-core-3.4.3.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf gcc-core-3.4.3.tar.gz
(See step 12, maybe it should be the gcc-3.4.3.tar.gz)

Note below you NOT building in the source of gcc-3.4.3 but building in "gcc-build".
$ mkdir gcc-build
$ cd gcc-build
$ ../gcc-3.4.3/./configure --prefix=/tools --libexecdir=/tools/lib \
--with-local-prefix=/tools --disable-nls \
--enable-shared --enable-languages=c

$ make BOOT_LDFLAGS="-static" bootstrap

$ make install

$ ln -s gcc /tools/bin/cc

You will now have a /tools directory. You may have to create this first with root
, then, give access to distro. I'll need to check this.

$ ln -s gcc /tools/bin/cc

5. Linux-Libc-Headers

$ cd
$ wget http://ep09.pld-linux.org/~mmazur/linux-libc-headers/linux-libc-headers-
2.6.11.2.tar.bz2
$ tar -xjf linux-libc-headers-2.6.11.2.tar.bz2

$ cd linux-libc-headers-2.6.11.2

$ cp -R include/asm-i386 /tools/include/asm
$ cp -R include/linux /tools/include

6. Linux Kernel

$ wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.11.2.tar.bz2
$ tar -xjf linux-2.6.11.2.tar.bz2
$ cd linux-2.6.11.2

Yes you will get errors ".config: No such file or directory"

$ make mrproper
$ make include/linux/version.h
$ make include/asm

$ mkdir /tools/glibc-kernheaders
$ cp -HR include/asm /tools/glibc-kernheaders
$ cp -R include/asm-generic /tools/glibc-kernheaders
$ cp -R include/linux /tools/glibc-kernheaders

7. Glibc
Again, this is done outside the source.
Note glibc-2.3.5.tar.gz will NOT compile with
gcc 4. You'll need to wait for glibc-2.3.6. Also, a good read
http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/

$ wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.3.5.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf glibc-2.3.5.tar.gz

$ mkdir glibc-build
$ cd glibc-build

$ ../glibc-2.3.5/configure --prefix=/tools \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons=nptl --with-tls \
 --with-__thread --enable-kernel=2.6.0 \
--with-binutils=/tools/bin --without-gd --without-cvs --with-selinux \
--with-headers=/tools/glibc-kernheaders

$ make
I keep getting this
uild/nscd/nscd_stat.o.dt -MT /home/distro/glibc-build/nscd/nscd_stat.o
nscd_stat.c:34:30: selinux/selinux.h: No such file or directory
nscd_stat.c:35:26: selinux/avc.h: No such file or directory
nscd_stat.c:81: error: field `cstats' has incomplete type
make[2]: *** [/home/distr
So I did this
$ cp -r /usr/include/selinux /tools/include/.
But, that didn't work, so I did this
$ cp -r /usr/include/selinux /home/distro/glibc-2.3.5/include/.
So far that worked.

$ make check
I get these errors
make[2]: *** [/home/distro/glibc-build/nptl/tst-cancel17.out] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/distro/glibc-2.3.5/nptl'
make[1]: *** [nptl/tests] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/distro/glibc-2.3.5'
make: *** [check] Error 2

This prevents harmless warning.

$ mkdir /tools/etc
$ touch /tools/etc/ld.so.conf

$ make install

$ make localedata/install-locales

8. Adjusting the toolchain

$ cd
$ cd binutils-2.16

$ make -C ld install

$ SPECFILE=`gcc --print-file specs` &&

sed 's@ /lib/ld-linux.so.2@ /tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2@g' \
$SPECFILE > tempspecfile &&
mv -f tempspecfile $SPECFILE &&
unset SPECFILE

Now, do a sanity check

$ echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c

$ cc dummy.c
$ readelf -l a.out | grep ': /tools'

You should get the following:

[Requesting program interpreter:

/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2]

9. Tcl

$ wget http://internap.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/tcl/tcl8.4.9-src.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf tcl8.4.9-src.tar.gz
 $ cd tcl8.4.9
$ cd unix
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ TZ=UTC make test
$ make install

$ ln -s tclsh8.4 /tools/bin/tclsh

10. Expect

$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/expect/2476/url_tgz/expect.tar.gz

$ tar -xzf expect.tar.gz

$ wget http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/6.0/expect-5.42.1-spawn-1.patch

$ cd expect-5.43
$ patch -Np1 -i ../expect-5.42.1-spawn-1.patch

$ ./configure --prefix=/tools --with-tcl=/tools/lib --with-x=no

$ make
$ make test
$ make SCRIPTS="" install

11. DejaGNU

$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/dejagnu/12564/url_tgz/dejagnu-1.4.4.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf dejagnu-1.4.4.tar.gz
$ cd dejagnu-1.4.4
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools

$ make install

12. Re-installation of GCC

$ expect -c "spawn ls"

Now, I did not run the 2 patches. And, I logged out and back in without
taking the environment variables.

$ mv gcc-3.4.3 gcccore
Because we only had the core. We need g++ as well.

$ ln -s gcc /tools/bin/cc

$ wget http://strawberry.resnet.mtu.edu/pub/gcc/gcc/releases/gcc-3.4.3/gcc-3.4.3.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf gcc-3.4.3.tar.gz

$ rm -rf gcc-build
$ cd gcc-build
$ mkdir gcc-build
$ cd gcc-build

$ ../gcc-3.4.3/configure --prefix=/tools \
--libexecdir=/tools/lib --with-local-prefix=/tools \
--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
--enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-libstdcxx-pch

If can only get "c" to work and not "c++", download the full gcc.
You're using the core in the previous gcc install, which does not
include c++.
 $ make
$ make -k check
$ ../gcc-3.4.3/contrib/test_summary|grep -A7 Summ

You will not pass all the test. Compare with

http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/2004-07/msg00179.html or a more recent
version.

$ make install

It might make sense to do the sanity check.

in step 8.

13. Binutils 2nd pass

I did it in the real binutils, so I have to move this.

$ cd
$ mv binutils-2.16 oldbinutils-2.16
$ tar -xzf binutils-2.16.tar.gz

$ mkdir binutils-build
$ cd binutils-build
$ ../binutils-2.16/configure --prefix=/tools \
--enable-shared --with-lib-path=/tools/lib

Remember this is all done from binutils-build

$ make
$ make check
=== ld Summary ===

# of expected passes 243

# of expected failures 4
/home/distro/binutils-build/ld/ld-new 2.16

$ make install
$ make -C ld clean
$ make -C ld LIB_PATH=/usr/lib:/lib

14. Gawk

$ wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-3.1.4.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf gawk-3.1.4.tar.gz
$ cd gawk-3.1.4
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

15. Coreutils

$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/coreutils/33669/url_tgz/coreutils-5.2.1.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf coreutils-5.2.1.tar.gz
$ cd coreutils-5.2.1
$ DEFAULT_POSIX2_VERSION=199209 ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check
$ make install

16. Bzip2

$ cd
$ wget http://www.bzip.org/1.0.3/bzip2-1.0.3.tar.gz
 $ tar -xzf bzip2-1.0.3.tar.gz
$ cd bzip2-1.0.3
$ make
$ make PREFIX=/tools install

17. Gzip

$ cd
$ wget ftp://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/gzip-1.3.5.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf gzip-1.3.5.tar.gz
$ cd gzip-1.3.5
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

18. Diffutils

$ cd
$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/diffutils/1891/url_tgz/diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz
$ cd diffutils-2.8.1
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

19. Findutils

$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/findutils/15023/url_tgz/findutils-4.2.20.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf findutils-4.2.20.tar.gz
$ cd findutils-4.2.20
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

20. Make

$ cd
$ wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-3.80.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf make-3.80.tar.gz
$ cd make-3.80
$ make
$ make install

21. Grep

$ cd
$ wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/grep-2.5.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf grep-2.5.tar.gz
$ cd grep-2.5
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools \
--disable-perl-regexp --with-included-regex
$ make
$ make install

I had failures with "make check" 8 out of 10 failed.

22. Sed

$ cd
$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/sed/9392/url_tgz/sed-4.1.4.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf sed-4.1.4.tar.gz
$ cd sed-4.1.4
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install
23. Gettext

$ cd
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.14.5.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf gettext-0.14.5.tar.gz
$ cd gettext-0.14.5
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools --disable-libasprintf \
--disable-csharp
$ make
$ make install

24. Ncurses

$ cd
$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/ncurses/6995/url_tgz/ncurses-5.4.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf ncurses-5.4.tar.gz
$ cd ncurses-5.4
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools --with-shared \
--without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite
$ make
$ make install

25. Patch

$ cd
$ wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/patch/patch-2.5.4.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf patch-2.5.4.tar.gz
$ cd patch-2.5.4
$ CPPFLAGS=-D_GNU_SOURCE ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

26. Tar

$ cd
$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/tar/17853/url_tgz/tar-1.15.1.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf tar-1.15.1.tar.gz
$ cd tar-1.15.1
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

27. Texinfo

$ cd
$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/texinfo/10367/url_tgz/texinfo-4.8.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf texinfo-4.8.tar.gz
$ cd texinfo-4.8
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

28. Bash

$ cd
$ wget ftp://ftp.cwru.edu/pub/bash/bash-3.0.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf bash-3.0.tar.gz
$ cd bash-3.0
$ make
$ make install
$ ln -s bash /tools/bin/sh

29. M4
 $ cd
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.3.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf m4-1.4.3.tar.gz
$ cd m4-1.4.3
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

30. Bison

$ cd
$ wget ftp://ftp.linuxfromscratch.org/pub/lfs/lfs-packages/conglomeration/bison/bison-
2.0.tar.bz2
$ tar -xjf bison-2.0.tar.bz2
$ cd bison-2.0
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

31. Flex

$ cd
$ wget http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/lex/flex-2.5.31.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf flex-2.5.31.tar.gz
$ wget http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/6.0/flex-2.5.31-debian_fixes-2.patch
$ cd flex-2.5.31
$ patch -Np1 -i ../flex-2.5.31-debian_fixes-2.patch
$ touch doc/flex.1
$ ./configure --prefix=/tools
$ make
$ make install

32. Util-linux

$ cd
$ wget http://freshmeat.net/redir/util-linux/11029/url_tgz/util-linux-2.12i.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf util-linux-2.12i.tar.gz
$ cd util-linux-2.12i
$ sed -i 's@/usr/include@/tools/include@g' configure
$ ./configure
$ make -C lib
$ make -C mount mount umount
$ make -C text-utils more
$ cp mount/{,u}mount text-utils/more /tools/bin

This package had some errors for me and will require a further look-see.

33. Perl

5.8.6 did not work. Note to self, this patch and package need to be looked at
and upgraded.

$ cd
$ wget http://www.cpan.org/src/perl-5.8.5.tar.gz
$ wget http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/6.0/perl-5.8.5-libc-1.patch
$ tar -xzf perl-5.8.5.tar.gz
$ cd perl-5.8.5
$ patch -Np1 -i ../perl-5.8.5-libc-1.patch
$ ./configure.gnu --prefix=/tools -Dstatic_ext='IO Fcntl POSIX'
$ make perl utilities

$ cp perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin

$ mkdir -p /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.5
$ cp -R lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/5.8.5
 34. Udev

$ cd
$ wget ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-058.tar.gz
$ tar -xzf udev-058.tar.gz
$ cd udev-058
$ sed -i 's@/sbin/udev@/tools/sbin/udev@g' udevstart.c
$ sed -i 's@/etc@/tools/etc@g' etc/udev/udev.conf.in
$ make prefix=/tools etcdir=/tools/etc
$ make DESTDIR=/tools udevdir=/dev install

$ cd
$ wget http://downloads.linuxfromscratch.org/udev-config-2.permissions
$ cp udev-config-2.permissions /tools/etc/udev/permissions.d/00-lfs.permissions

$ wget http://downloads.linuxfromscratch.org/udev-config-1.rules
$ cp udev-config-1.rules /tools/etc/udev/rules.d/00-lfs.rules

35. Stripping - removing unneeded debugging symbols.

$ strip --strip-debug /tools/lib/*

$ strip --strip-unneeded /tools/{,s}bin/*

Yes, the above will generate some errors; but, ignore them.

$ rm -rf /tools/{doc,info,man}

CHAPTER 2

2.1 Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems

$ mkdir -p /distro/{proc,sys}
$ mkdir -p /distro/dev

You need to be root

$ su -
# mount -t proc proc /distro/proc
# mount -t sysfs sysfs /distro/sys

# mount -f -t ramfs ramfs /distro/dev

# mount -f -t tmpfs tmpfs /distro/dev/shm

List of all software packages can be found here:

http://lfs.osuosl.org/lfs/view/6.0/chapter03/packages.html

First package is Binutils

Binutils __
\
\___ GCC ___
\
\__ Glibc

An excellent reference for all of this is

 http://lfs.osuosl.org/lfs/view/6.0/chapter05/toolchaintechnotes.html

Step 1:

$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.16.tar.gz
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.16.tar.gz.sig

Check signature

$ gpg --verify binutils-2.16.tar.gz.sig binutils-2.16.tar.gz

gpg: Signature made Tue 03 May 2005 11:35:44 AM EDT using DSA key ID E0A38377

$ tar -xzf binutils-2.16.tar.gz

$ cd binutils-2.16
$ ./configure --prefix=/home/chirico/deleteme/distro/tools --disable-nls
$ make configure-host
$ make LDFLAGS="-all-static"

Special note.

--disable-nls
Disables internationalization.

configure-host
This causes subdirectories to be configured

LDFLAGS="-all-static"
This makes everything static

So, what files are installed? These are the directories.

bin i686-pc-linux-gnu include info lib man

This is more depth on each package in the bin directory.

bin

addr2line

ar
Creates, modifies, and extracs from archives. Think libraries.
Take a look at http://cpearls.sourceforge.net/index.php and click
on "Compile".

as
A family of assemblers, which brings together the output of "gcc".
You pass arguments to this using the -Wa flag. Take a look at the man
page. This is an example.

gcc -c -g -O -Wa,-alh,-L file.c

c++filt

gprof
Calculates the amount of time spent in each routine.

ld

nm

objcopy
 objdump

ranlib

readelf

size

strings

strip

Installation of GCC

Only the core is grabbed. Find your fastest mirror on [http://gcc.gnu.org/mirrors.html].

$ wget http://strawberry.resnet.mtu.edu/pub/gcc/gcc/releases/gcc-4.0.0/gcc-core-4.0.0.tar.gz

Note the following requirements for compiling. I got these from the following link.
"http://lfs.osuosl.org/lfs/view/6.0/chapter05/gcc-pass1.html"

$ ./configure --prefix=/tools \
--libexecdir=/tools/lib --with-local-prefix=/tools \
--disable-nls --enable-shared --enable-languages=c

It's very interesting to review the meaning of these options.

--with-local-prefix=/tools
Removes /usr/local/include from "gcc's" include search path.

--enable-shared
Correct, you would think at this stage "static" is prefered, and
that is the case; however, this flag does not determine static. Instead,
BOOT_LDFLAGS variables is used for this. This switch is necessary for
the creation of "libgcc_s.so.1" and "libgcc_eh.a"

--enable-languages=c
Needed if you're compiling more than just the core. This only enables the
core to be compiled.

Installation of linux-libc-headers

You can find the contents of this package from [http://ep09.pld-linux.org/~mmazur/linux-libc-

headers/]
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Working With Time: What? There are 61 seconds in a minute? We can go back in time? We still tell time by
the sun?
 Mike Chirico, a father of triplets (all girls) lives outside of Philadelphia, PA,
USA. He has worked with Linux since 1996, has a Masters in Computer Science and Mathematics from
Villanova University, and has worked in computer-related jobs from Wall Street to the University of
Pennsylvania. His hero is Paul Erdos, a brilliant number theorist who was known for his open collaboration
with others.

Mike's notes page is souptonuts. For open source consulting needs, please send an email to
[email protected]. All consulting work must include a donation to SourceForge.net.