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Mastermind Use of English Mini Companion PDF Free

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347 views84 pages

Mastermind Use of English Mini Companion PDF Free

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Dorothea Karailiou
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Mastermind Use of English MINI-COMPANION with exercises for Advanced & Proficiency classes Paul Hains Anna Johnson Eo Mastermind Use Of English by Paul Hains and Anna Johnson Burlington Books P.O. Box 54411 3721 Limassol Cyprus Burlington Book isan imprint of Danos Books Lid This mini-companion has been revised to reflect changes in REVISED Mastermind and now Includes extra vocabulary practice exercises after every two units as well The definitions provided inthis glossary reffect the context in which the words and phrases are Used in the book. ‘ABBREVIATIONS adj adjective (eniGero) Opp —_ opposite (avti8er0) adv adverb (eriopnua) Phrv phrasal verb (nepuppacticé phya) conj conjunction (owvSeou0c) pl Plural (nAnBuvtixéc) Der derivative (napaywyo) Preposition (npoBeon) fm formal (enionyin yAoooa) v ‘verb (phpa) Inf informal (Aaix6 iSianua, apyxo) AmE American English n noun (oustaorin6) 1H 005-767 Pack ISBN 978.9963-47-895-8 Copyright © 2008 Burlington Books 20:19 18 17 16 15 14 13 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 unr Business and Employment ‘TOPIC VOCABULARY (page 14) 22 26 26 27 28 20 fn the dole = receiving money from the government because you are unemployed: oto rauelo avepyiag lames can't nda fob; ne has boar on tho date for almost a year make redundant = dismiss rom a job bacause the person is not needed: onohiu (hyo nepiop.ou08 Beocwy epyaciag) | wes mace redundant at my Company and now must fre @ nv fo. Der: reckindancy (a) situations vacant newspaper listing of available jobs: ovhAn o& e@nuepiba ye ayyeNiec vo Bboeic epyackas The compary ran an aavertsomont inthe ‘tuations vacant coture for the receptionst's positon. foreman (0) ~ 8 person in charge ofa group of workers: entorétns, apxtepyatns He worked his way {tp atthe factory trom the assembly ne a foreman in charge of 50 men board (of directors) (n) = group of people responsible for making decisions about how a company or organization is managed: ouufouhio, Biountint) uaa The board wil make a decision on the matter at its next meeting. ‘make cutbacks ~ to reduce the amount or numer of something: ava nepikonés Due tothe economic situation, the company was forced to make cutbacks; 15 people fost mar jabs ‘ay off (ph v) (aid, ai) = stop ompioying eomeone, especially when there isnot much work to do: aneAGw (npoowprvd) After the fire at the factory, the owner laid off ha the workors manufacturing (n) = the business of producing large quanttias of goods ina factory: Bounyavia Cloting ‘manufacturing used to bea significant part ofthe region’ economy, but many factories have closed. Der: manufacture (n) rmanutecturer in) manufacture (v) ‘sector (n) = part (of economy, a country's business: fic): roweag Teachers and police workin the public sector treetanes (ad) ~ working Independent for various organisations: e\edBepog (enayyeAwaria) Tor works as a troolance photogracher for several diferent magazines permanent (ac) = cortnuing for an unlimited time owiog Margaret had @ temporary position for 2 while, but now she's on permanent staf contract r) = a written agreement: ouBoRa0 She signed a contract with the publshing company, agreeing t0 write two books a year Der: contract (v) contractual (adj) career ladder = levels of proress in @ profession ‘niuara enayyeNuowuc SEEING Peopio who choose to climb the carver lacder offen ave to sacrtce their personal Ife to reach the top. 216 21 220 22 22 228 225 226 228 apprenticeship (0) = time spent working for someone in order to learn a skil: yosnteia She is doing an ‘epprenticeshio as a hairdresser at a central salon and ‘hopes this will help her establish her career Der: apprenticeship (r): paBnrteia apprentice (v) take on (phr employ: NpoohapBavw They are taking on temporary staf forthe holiday season, 2, accept a job or responsiblity: avaAapsave She took on extra work to eam more money post (r) = a positon of employment or responsibity Eon epyaciac, néovo She accepted the post even though it meant relocating to China and accepting ‘much rare responsibilty Der: post (v) long-term (ad) = lasting for along period of time: aKponpoBeopos Borrowing money is not a long-term ‘solution to your money problems if you don't have a job. (Opp: short-torm (ad) prospects (n) = possibility that something will happen: npooréc His promotion prospects are excellent because he has both trst-rate qualfications and great people skis. ‘executive (0) = high-level manager: avwotepo oTéAeXOG Emxeiphoews She was the first woman executive in her compary. delegate (v) = to give part of your work or responsibility to a subordinate: yowpotio aquodiomntec The director avays delegates the less Important tasks to hie deputy. Der: delegate (0): avanpoouneg, ansoraaevos Paperwork (0) = office work related to letters, forms, reports, a. yparpxt epyagia There isa fot of ‘paperwork involved in banking. PA (personel assistant) = someone who is employed to help a manager with organizational tasks: iatépa ‘ypayjatéag The managers Pa spent over a month ‘making all the arrangements forthe conference overtime (0) = extra hours worked: unepupla People in touriem work overtime in summer. workload (r) = amount of work @ company or person has to do: popros eayaciag The travel agency's workload is much lighter in the winter as fewer people book holidays at that time of year. salary (0) = money pato regulary by empioyors to employees: u1086¢ Her monthly salary is still the ‘same as It was throo years ago. Der salaried! (ad): wo8rd¢ perk (n) = extra benefit that you get at your job: npov6uio One of the perks of working at a hotel is that you can use the gym. pt in (phr v= spend time or effort aguepeivs (X90v0) The office staff put in about 10 hours of overtime last week ‘supervise (also -ize) (v) = oversee others’ work to make sure they do tasks comecty: srar9ot The ‘manager supervised the new employee's work. Der: supenision (0) ‘supervisor (n) ‘supervisory (adj): enontixéc 229 230 201 2m 2a 2a7 208 2 240 aus Clerical (ad) = related to office work: tou Yoageiou, unaXAnhxds The job requires clerical skils such as typing. Der: clack () Promote {\) = give someone @ higher position: Sin ‘npoayiyt| Lisa has been promoted to manager and ‘now supenises five people. Der: promation (n) duty (n) = something you have been assigned to do: ‘KOBNKON It's my duty to lock up the office each night. Der: dutiful (ad): unéxouog, euouveiSnrog ‘administration (9) = activties involved in running a business or organisation: Soixran, Biaxeip.on ft ‘seems that more ofthe doctor's time is spent on Office administration than on patient care. Der: administrator (n) administer (v) administrative adj) efficiency (n) = ability to do comething suecesstily without waste: onobonxérta We ara impressed with Tony offciency; he does a lot of work ina short time. Der efficient (ac) Opp: inefficiency (n) people skills = bilty to gat on well with others: ‘wavomnta Siansoowmniov oxécea She is a good ‘manager because of her people ski colleague (n) = person who works with you: ‘ouveBeApog My colleagues and | got on go well that we even socialise after work. tise to a challenge = manage to do something new oF ciffeult: avranoxpivouat oe ja mpéwdnan Tony ‘was a weak matns studont but he rose to the Challenge and got good resuts on his final exams. ‘managerial (ac) ~ relatoc to the work of a manager BieuBuvrabs Alex was hired because of his ‘managerial shils. Der: management (n) manager (n) ‘manage (v) further (v) = help something to progress or develop: pow You can futher your career by leaming foreign languages. human resources = personnal: avepdruvo Buvayind (rufa eraigetac nou ennaiSede: Kat ppovriger tous LunaAMouG) If you are intersted in @ job, send your application to the human resources department. staff (n) = group of people who work for a business ‘or an organisation: npooumux6 The teaching statt ‘meets regularly with the principal of the school. Der: staff (v) {firm (0) = company: eraypeia The firm I work for is very generous to the workers, ‘maternity leave = paid time away from work before / after giving birth: dba unrpstrag After Sue gave ‘birth, she took three months maternity leave. CV (n) = written account of education, work experience and personal details; résumé: Bioypaypixd onueicaya To apply fora job, send a lett and your CV. ‘cot (7) = something valuable or expecially useful: mAzovextnyia Helen's English skills are an asset to her employer. ‘Opp: labitty (n) ‘BOOST YOUR VOCABULARY GOLLOGATIONS AND EXPRESSIONS (page 15) 248 set (v) = decide when or where something will take place: opis The board set a cate for its next meeting Der: sot (a) 246 circulate (v) = pass something around: Siavéya, KuWAopope Could you please circulat this letter amongst the staff? Der: circulation (n) 247 select (\) = choose: emiAéyw We can only select one person from the three qualtied candicates, Der: selection (n): entAoyh, ‘selectivity (n): eruAextixornta selective (ac) j 248° negotiste (v) = discuss a conflict (usually in politics ‘or business) in order to reach an agreement: Banoayyareioua: The workers met with the ‘managers 1oregotite an end to the stike Der: negotiation (r) negotiator (n) 249. demand (v = ask for something in a forceful way: aanatri This coat is torn. I demand my money back! Der demand (-) demanding (adj) 250 set up (ohrv) = make arrangements that aro necessary to start something: ovive, piu {erwxeionon) Me helped Tom set up Hie new business. 281 draft ”) = wit the frst copy of a speech, letter or book: npoxetpoypapa, erowddi npooxébio (owiac, {emToN4G RTA) My assistant drafted the leter for me ‘but | mace several changes before sending it. Der: draft r) 252 run (v) = bein charge of an activity or business: ‘StevEUvw (emixeionon) Mrs Green has been running {8 swoot shop for more than 20 years. 259 recruit (v) = get new people to join an organisation: snavdpavw, otpatoAoyti The basketball club is hoping to recruit some new piayers tris season, Der: recruit (n): veo uéNog, VeOoUAAEKTOG recruitment (o) 264 chair = be in charge of a meeting: npot Bev Dr Robertson charred ihe session on women's heath at the medical conference. Dar:chatr / chairperson (a) WORDS EASILY CONFUSED (page 15) 295 handle (v) = manage a difficult situation or job: xeIpiZoual, avnperanizen 258 cope (with) (v) = deal with a problem: ra ByEew népa,, avnperunigio 27 line (of work) = type (of worl: ei80g epyaoiag, enayyeAua 258 occupation (n) = profession or job: enayyeAyo Der: occupy (v): anaaxoni ‘eccupational fad) 259 vocation (n) = a job someone does because they think they are particulary suited to it: enayyeAwa, Aerroupynua Der: vocational (adi) 260 effective (adj) = producing the intended result: ‘anoreheoyamxos, anoBoTIKOS 261 202 269 26 2.66 266 20 268 260 270 an ar 27a atfectionate (ad) = showing love, warmth or caring: ‘oropyiKoG domain (n) = area of activity or interest: rouéac, yworix6 avmiKeipevo field (0) = area of activity or study: rouéac, emoTmpoviKds xpos aspect (n) = part, feature or quality: neupa, amroyn leave (n) = time of from work: Beta (StaKoriv KAR.) ‘permit (7) = offcial paper giving permission to do ‘something: enionun 5e10 Der: permit (v) permission (0) = the act of allowing somebody to do something: décia, ovyKardé_on ‘outlook (n) = view of a situation: now prospect (n) = chance of success: nooort inh perspective (n) = point of view: Grown significance (n) = special meaning or importance: ‘onpacta, vena priority (n) = more important thing: npotepaibrta. ‘expertise (n) = expert knowledge: reioa, eSuérnta WORD FORMATION (page 16) 278 278 an 2.00 201 ane beneficial (ad) = having a good effector influence: woéAutoe, cuepyeTnée The new sports programme fhas been beneficial to students’ health. Der: benefit (r) benefit (\) commercial (a) = reiated to business activities: europKog Tho town's commercial centro has a bank and some shops. Der: commerce (nl: euné p10 commercialise (¥) commercialsed (ed) ‘competitive (ac) = trying very hard to be moro successtul than others: avrayonornég We will nave {0 offer competitive prices if we want to boost sales. Der: competition (n) compete () Confidential (ac) = not to be shared with others: eurioreutixe Medical information is confidential Der: conficence in: eumictoouyn confidentiality (n): exend@ea constructive (ad) = useful and helpful: _noiKoBountiKds Maggie's comments always help because she gwves constructive criticism, co-operative (adi) = working well wth others: ‘owvepyacisog A co-operative parson works well on a team. Der: co-operation (n) co-operate (v) ‘emotional (ac) relating to strona feelings: ‘ouvaicenjKog Bronce gave me emotional support when my fether was i Der: emetion () ‘excessive (ac) = too much: unepBoh’c The floods Were caused by excessive rainfall Der: excess (7) exceed \) ‘extensive (ad) = large in amount or degree: ‘exrerapevog The shop has an extensive stock of wine Der: extension (n) extend (v: Mopareive, erexreives 293 204 2as 2a6 287 2ee 269 201 292 293 294 finenciel (ac) = related to money: xenyarnds, ‘oKovouKog Sue works as @ financial adviser a bank Der finance (n) ypnyatoowevoyne ovata finances (n): Ta owovound, owovopiN KaTGOTAO financier (n): xpnuatodorns finance (v) Inclusive (ad)) = containing everything: nov ‘ouunepdayBivel ra navta The price ofthe cruise is inclusive s0 you don't pay extra for meals. Der inclusion (n): cuvunoAoyioLeG, NPOoBKN inctude (y influential (ad) = having the power to affect others: 19xUpdG, NOU aoREi emiepoh The president ofthe ‘bank is @voryinflontel person in the community, Der: influence (0) influence (v) innovative (a) = using new and creative methods or ideas: xaworduoc Our designer has an innovative idea for redecorating the Ining room. Der innovation (9) innovator (n) innovate instructive (adj) = giving useful information: iBaKTiK6 If you want fo lea about aerobics, you'll find this video very instructive. Der instruction (9) instructor (9) instruct (v) intentional (adj) = on purpose: oxOmipog /'m sorry I hurt your feelings; it wasn’ intention. Derr intent (f): Oxon, mpo8_on intention (n): oxondc, mpo8_on (Opp: unintentional (ag) inventive (ad = creative; having new ideas: epeupenkos Barbara is very inventive; she makos useful items from junk. Der: invention (n) inventor (n) invent (Vt eoeupions offical (ad) = approved by someone in authorty: enionpos There has been no official confirmation of the rumour thatthe company is gong out of business. Der: official (n): unGAANAOG preferential (ad) = treating one person or group better than others: npovopiaxé¢ People with physical dsabiltos get preferential seating on the bus. Der: preference (0 prefer (v preferred (ad): npoTyntéos professional (ad) = relating to work that needs special knowledge or training: cnayyeyariKeg Could ‘you give me your professional opinion as lawyer? residential (ad)) without factories or businesses: xarounuévog We ize in a quiet residential area. Der: residence (n) resident () reside () ‘supportive ad) = helpful and sympathetic: nou Mpoagéper Bongeta Kai UNOOTHPIEN Tom's friends were very supportive when he lest his job. Dor support) supporter (0 support (¥) supporting (ad: evoyure RELATED WORDS (oage 17) boost {) = make something increase or become more successful: evioxiw, evBappive His colleague's kind words boosted his self-confidence. Der: boost (r) ‘booster (n) 296 297 280 200 2108 2.108 2.108 broaden (v) = become wider: Sieupives, rharaivo The company has broadened its gppeal by adding ‘new products. Der: broad (ad) contract (v) = become smaller or tighter: ‘ouaTE Nou, cuorisna As you It the weights, you will feel your arm muscles contract - when you put them down allow your muscies to relax. or: contraction (a) deteriorate (y) = become worse: xeiporepedw Their relationship deteriorated attor they quarolsd. Der: daterioation (a) diminish (v) = become loss: Hetave, -opat Dans hopes of buying his own home have diminished since hr lost his job, downsize (v) = make smaller: kava nepmonés Many high-tech companies have downsized because of the poor economy. ‘enlarge (y) = make bigger: ucycBuvw My uncle ‘enliged his living room by knocking down a wall Der: enlargement (n) ‘enlarged (ad)) ‘expand (y) = become larger: encxreivn Sales are ‘good and our company is expanding its market sharo. Der: expansion (n) expansive (ac) ‘extend (v) = make something longer or bigger: ‘emiecteivw, napaTeive Bob's company has extended his contract so he can finish the project ‘shrink (7 (shrank, shrunk) = become smalier: aged, uikpaiviw Our expenses have shrunk folowing sovere budget cuts, swell (1) (swelled, swoller) = to become larger than Normal due to a build-up of quid: npnouat My foot tend to swell in hot weather so I have to wear loose fitting shoes. Der: sweling (0) swollen fad) widen (y) = become bigger: dieupuv, enexreivs Our ‘company is widening its range of products for the Chnstmas season. Der: with (n): maarog wide (ad) METAPHOR AND MEANING (page 17) 2307 2.108 2100 ano {go under (ph v) = go out of business: aTastpE Gout, xpconon Times were bed during the wer and thousends of businesses went under. fly high = feel very happy and successful: nee ora, ‘uvveipa and xape We've bean flying high since we won the lotiery. high-flying (ad)) = very ambitious and successful: @AEEOEDG 1 erttuxnEvos Anne is a high-fying ‘executive with two secretaries. fall through (ohr v) = not work out as planned: ‘noruyxavw George's sking plans fell through because there was no snow. ane aaa ams down-and-outs (n) = homeless people without Jobs: (0t aoreyot Unfortunate down-anc-outs had to sleep on the streets last winter meteoric rise = sudden increase: anétoun adnan / {4v080q The singer had @ meteoric rise to fame and won many awards. reach the top = become the most successful in a field: @8avw cTny Kopugh) Jim reached the top of his profession before he retired, up-and-coming (ad) = Ikely to succeed. ‘avepxouevos Our club gives up-and-coming singers ‘a chance to perform in from of a lve audience, an7 aa ane value of the dollar took a dive during the war pick up (phr v) = 1. improve: BeATIAVoWaL, kahvtepev The hotel hopes business will pick up ‘now that they are advertising more. 2. learn a skill without much effort: ya8aiva She picked up some ‘Spanish while she was on holiday in Spain. 3. notice: ‘avrAayBavouat Nobody picked up Mark's probleme with maths unt he was 12. ‘ako off (phr v) = 1. become popular or successtu: avefalve oe erituyia f) SroTIKOTHTa Sales OF the ‘book took off ater the author was interviewed on TV. 2. leave in a hury: peuyw B.acTiKa She jumped in tho Car and took off at high speed. lowly (ad) = low in importance: actyavros, xaraTepoq People working in lonly positions are paid vey fit. rising star = person on the way to being very successful: avepxouevo aoténs The latest rising star ‘in Holywood has appeared on all tho talk shows. MULTIPLE MEANINGS (page 18) 2.120 aaa 2m apply (v) = 1. request to be accepted to a job, club or ‘academic institution: xaven altnon / applied for si Aifierent jobs efter | graduated. 2. pit nto practice: emanLOtW We must apply the rules equally to ‘everybody. 3. be relevant: oxUW, agOpC These prices apply to aill students. Der: applicant (n) application (r) applicable (adi): epapyooyiog applied (ad): epopuocuevos apply (myself) (v) = concentrate hard fora long time: ‘o@oouivopas If! apply myself, do well on the exam. eal = 1. (n) agreement: oupowvia Boeing mace a Geal to sell agroplanes to British Airways. 2. (v) (dealt, eat) give out cards in 2 game: uowpace (ra KapTIS) Robert dealt five cards to each player. ‘2 great / good deal of = large amount: yeyaAn, oobmra There was 2 great deal of snow inthe streets after the snowstorm. ‘deal with (phr v) = handle: avmuetanw She has a Jot of problems to deal with at work ‘8 raw deal = untair treatment: adikn ueraxeipion Henry got a raw deal; tne boss took away his car and cut his salary. resign (y) = leave a job or organisation: nopartousat ‘Sue resigned her position in order to take a better one. Der: resignation (7) resign (mysel) to = accept an unpleasant situation: anoBexouat | cont ike working with Bob, but I've hac to resign mysel to it PREPOSITIONS (page 18) ans aoe 2126 in search of = looking for something specife: o& ‘vation It was @ hot day so we went n search of 2 coo) drink out of work = unemployed: aveayog Joh lost his Job and was out of work fora yar. for nothing = without payment or without any positive resus: ya t0 nora, xwpig em not going to work for nothing; | expect to be paid. IN OTHER WoRDS (page 18) 2108 aver 2320 2.190 2st ‘none of (my] business = not of concern to (me): Be (ue) a@opa / asked what had happened but Bill said it was none of my business. get down to business = start working seriously: tpavoUA oT SouAcid We've got to stop laughing ‘and get cown to business. superior (n] = someone with higher rank or more importance: npoictauevos Sally respects ner superiors because of their experience in the fel. Der: superionity (9) superior fad): avéorepog have (my) work cut out for (me) = have a dificult task to do: éxw va xéww jaa donoAn Bounerd Finishing the project in such a short time will be

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