1

1. Simple Present

Sing. Pl.
First person I take a book We take a book
Second person You take a book You take a book
Third Person He/ She takes a book They take a book

2. Present Continuous

Sing. Pl.
I am taking a book We are taking a book
You are taking a book You are taking a book
He/She is taking a book They are taking a book

3. Present Perfect

Sing. Pl.
I have taken a book We have taken a book
You have taken a book You have taken a book
He/She has taken a book They have taken a book

4. Present Perfect Continuous

Sing. Pl.
I have been taking a book We have been taking a book
You have been taking a book You have been taking a book
He/She has been taking a book They have been taking a book

5. Simple Past

Sing. Pl.
I took a book We took a book
You took a book You took a book
He/ She took a book They took a book

6. Past Continuous

Sing. Pl.
I was taking a book We were taking a book
You were taking a book You were taking a book
He/She was taking a book They were taking a book

7. Past perfect

Sing. Pl.
I had taken a book We had taken a book
You had taken a book You had taken a book
He/She had taken a book They had taken a book
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8. Past perfect Continuous

Sing. Pl.
I had been taking a book We had been taking a book
You had been taking a book You had been taking a book
He/She had been taking a book They had been taking a book

9. Simple Future

Sing. Pl.
I will take a book We will take a book
You will take a book You will take a book
He/ She will take a book They will take a book

10. Future Continuous

Sing. Pl.
I will be taking a book We will be taking a book
You will be taking a book You will be taking a book
He/She will be taking a book They will be taking a book

11. Future Perfect

Sing. Pl.
I will have taken a book We will have taken a book
You will have taken a book You will have taken a book
He/She will have taken a book They will have taken a book

12. Future Perfect Continuous

Sing. Pl.
I will have been taking a book We will have been taking a book
You will have been taking a book You will have been taking a book
He/She will have been taking a book They will have been taking a book

THREE BASIC VERBS/ AUXILIARY VERBS

DO BE HAVE
Present Do, does Be, am, is, are Have, has
Past did Was, were had
Past Participle done been had
Present Participle doing being having
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Subject and predicate Examples

  Subject Predicate
1. My books are lying on the table.
2. The dog is looking for something to eat.
3. Ram swim.
4. Delhi is the capital of India.
5. My Brother likes to eat apple.
6. You are very beautiful.
7. Sky is blue.
8. Water have no color.
9. Sohan is very intelligent.
10. Nishant is naughty.
11. Rohan is a good boy.
12. My dog drinks water.
13. Abhishek is an artist.
14. Prasanth can't walk.
15. Ravi is sleeping.
16. Lena bathing.
17. John is ready to play football.
18. The birds can fly.
19. Ramesh walks into the classroom.
20. Arpitha is a yoga teacher.

Identify the subject and the predicate in the following sentences.

1. The sun was shining brightly.

2. The dogs were barking loudly.

3. The pretty girl was wearing a blue frock.

4. My younger brother serves in the army.

5. The man and his wife were working in their garden.

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6. My mother and my aunt are trained classical dancers.

7. You don’t have to wait for me.

8. We will no longer tolerate this.

9. The little tree was covered with needles instead of leaves.

10. A rich merchant was passing by the shoemaker’s window.

11. The dog loves the child.

12. Does the child love the dog?

13. The hunter caught the hare.

14. Where does the hare live in winter?

15. What a timid little fellow the hare is!

16. The vessel was a magnificent five-master.

17. Who commanded the vessel?

18. The girl plays the piano well.

19. How the people crowd the station!

20. Why are so many people gathered here?

21. They expect to see the President.

22. Take this message to the telegraph office.

23. How did James learn his lesson so well?

24. I bring fresh showers to thirsty flowers.

25. Let no guilty man escape.

26. The sun was sinking behind the western hills.

27. How can they draw water from so deep a well?

28. What a splendid boat that is!

29. Yesterday we played a game of football.

30. I heard this story from the captain of the vessel.

31. How bright the fall flowers make the field look!
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32. Mr. Longfellow wrote a story about an Indian boy.

33. Can you tell the name of the Indian boy?

34. Down went the Cumberland!

35. Where did you find those beautiful violets?

36. Deep in the wave is a coral grove.

37. Tell me not in mournful numbers,

38. Life is but an empty dream.

39. High upon the lonely mountain

40. The wild men watched and waited.

41. Where is the victory of the grave?

42. What dust upon the spirit lies?

43. God keeps the sacred life He gave, - The prophet never dies!

44. Hazel nuts in yonder copse,

45. Hang their rich clusters down.

46. With work and play and laughter too

47. We'll spend our holiday!

48. How fiercely the wind blows !

49. Where shall we find shelter from the coming storm?

50. Drive on as rapidly as possible.

51. Look out for that sharp turn at the foot of the hill

52. What a vivid flash of lightning that was!

53. Hold the horses in going down this steep hill.

54. How very dark it is after each flash of lightning!

55. Do you see that dark line of woods just across the bridge?

56. Just in the edge of those woods stands a large farmhouse.

57. Do you think we can reach the farmhouse before the storm breaks upon us?
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58. What a terrible storm this threatens to be!

59. Drive the horses directly into the barn, for the storm is upon us.

60. How very grateful we ought to be for this friendly shelter!

61. Sunita Williams is an astronaut.

62. Soni was knitting a sweater.
63. Our Prime Minister has a very strong vision.
64. Pluto is no longer a planet.
65. Arabian Night’s is very interesting.
66. The businessman made a huge profit.
67. The police inspector was not honest.
68. Suman was dancing with her friend.
69. Mother is cooking food.
70. Albert Einstein was born on 14 March 1879

Vocabulary
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Most common words with examples

Word
Meaning
Usage

Absence
lack, unavailability
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.

Academic
scholastic
Ivy league colleges accept students with an academically strong background.

Boundary
bounds, confines
It is important to draw boundaries with friends and relatives.

Borrow
take
I routinely borrow books from the library.

Characteristic
typical
Beautiful branches are characteristic of Goa and Kerala.

Dialogue
conversation
The counsellor tried to initiate a dialogue between the fighting couple.

Embrace
accept
Matilda learnt to embrace her flaws.

Foreign
overseas
On her 15th birthday, Ravi’s parents took him for a foreign tour.

Generate
produce, cause
The boss asked her interns to generate ideas for her new projects.
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Highlight
call attention to
The report highlighted the various discrepancies in the finance.

Incorporate
include
It is important to incorporate fruits and vegetables into the diet.

Justify
defend, maintain
The politician tried to justify his actions in his speech.

Knowledge
understanding, comprehension
The science professor has a great deal of knowledge in his subject.

Language
speech, vernacular
The speaker had a great command over her language.

Margin
edge, gap
The MP won the election by a great margin.

Neighbourhood
area, locality
Tina lives in a friendly neighbourhood.

Obligation
responsibility
She retired after fulfilling all her professional obligations.

Portray
depict
The film portrayed women in a very bad light.

Qualify
be eligible
India qualified for the finals in the T20 tournament.
 9

Refused
decline
The officer refused to take bribes from employees.

Scream
shriek
Last night, Nadia heard someone scream from the neighbouring house.

Tactic
strategy
The military used tactics to capture the terrorist.

Undergo
undertake
The athlete had to undergo surgery before participating in the tournament.

Violation
breach
Stalking somebody is a violation of their privacy.

Weather
climate
She couldn’t attend the wedding due to bad weather.
Yell
scold, scream
Janet yelled at her driver for stealing money.
Zone
area
Rhea’s car got towed because she parked it in the no parking zone.
Abnormal: Not normal
The child displayed abnormal behaviour in class by suddenly shouting out loudly.
Elucidate: To make clear
The scholarly speaker elucidated on the topic in great details.
Pacify: To calm
The wise man tried to pacify both the warring parties, but they were hell bent on going ahead
with their fight.
Query: Question
The teacher could not think of a suitable reply to Neha's query.
Queue: Line
As soon as the teacher announced that she would be giving a chocolate to each of the boys,
they quickly queued up.
Quiet: Making no noise
I told them to be quiet and go to sleep.
Rapid: Having great speed
He walked at a rapid pace along the street when it became dark.
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Stationary: Unchanging
A stationary object, if propelled with a force, will move in proportion to the force you apply
on it.
Uproarious: Noisy
I entered the market to find out that it was completely chaotic and uproarious.
Urgent: Required immediately
This task requires your urgent attention as tomorrow is the last day to finish it.
Abject: Miserable
The abject condition in which Gulzari Lal lived in his last days was testimony to
the fact that despite being the P.M. twice, he had hardly made any money for
himself in his political career.
Abrade: Wear away
The long drawn-out war abraded the army's morale and ultimately led to its
dismal surrender.
Formidable: Overwhelming, alarming, dreadful
Considering his formidable fan following in the city, it is no surprise that he has
won with a huge margin of 3 lakh votes.
Knotty: Puzzling
Whether the hen came first or the egg has been one of the knottiest problems
facing our scientists for long.
Nullify: Make void
The Sukhigeeli Party, by going back on its election-time promises, has nullified
the entire goodwill and support it enjoyed at the time of coming to power.
Oust: To eject
He was oust from his community due to his different ideological thought
process.
Palatial: Like a palace
The palatial Maharaja’s Haveli, comprising 300 rooms, 5 banquet halls and 3
swimming pools, was auctioned last week.
Radical: Extreme
Osho Rajneesh’s radical ideas, which were in direct opposition to those of
prevailing and popular religions, obviously gave rise to lots of criticism.
Rampage: Violence
The frenzied mob, enraged by the police excesses, went on a rampage and set
ablaze several government buildings.
Wry: Twisted
His wry face was testimony to his contemptuous feelings towards the fellow.

Zombie: A frightening person

He was sleep walking and looked like a zombie.
Backpedal: Modify one's opinion, make it less strong
 11

Politicians generally find it hard to backpedal on their publicly stated positions.

Compound: Add or increase
Strong winds compounded the difficulties of the fire-fighters.
Caustic: Harsh or corrosive in tone
He heaped caustic comments on his opponents.
Voracious: Very Greedy
Ram is a voracious shopkeeper who over-charges all his clients.
Indiscriminate: Not making or based on careful distinctions
The indiscriminate marking by the teacher led to the failure of a number of
students.
Eminent: Of high rank or importance
Some eminent members of the society helped in rehabilitating the slum-dwellers
in the city.
Matron: Supervisor or monitor
The hospital matron was very strict with the new nurses.
Paradox: Contradiction
It is a strange paradox that standing is more tiring than walking ,
Realm: Kingdom
The priest lived in an idyllic realm of contentment and self-indulgence.
Throng: A large gathering of people
The crowds thronged the stadium of the rock concert.
Accost: Speak to someone
He was accosted in the street by four men.
Plethora: Extreme excess
There was a plethora of toys in Santa’s bag.
Felon: Someone who has committed a crime.
As a convicted felon he was sent to prison.
Fabricate: Make up something artificial or untrue
He fabricated a lie to save his life.
Gesticulate: Show, express or direct through movement
He gesticulated to call them near.
Vigilant: Carefully observant or attentive.
It was difficult to escape the vigilant eye of the town watch.
Avid: Ardently or excessively desirous
She was an avid reader of literary books.
Enhance: Increase
This condiment will enhance the flavour of the meal.
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Jostle: To come in rough contact while moving; push and shove

The passengers jostled each other in the overcrowded train.
Aspirants: An ambitious and aspiring young person
There are more than two hundred thousand CAT aspirants that appear for the
exam every year.
Brash: Offensively bold
A brash newcomer flouted the rules of the club.
Concur: Be in accord, be in agreement
The policemen concurred with the Mayor on the issue of prevention of crime.
Condolence: An expression of sympathy with another's grief
They sent their condolences on her mother’s death.
Culprit: Someone who perpetrates wrongdoing
The culprit was caught while running from the scene of the crime.
Ethics: Motivation based on ideas of right and wrong
The medical ethics did not allow him to operate.
Frenzy: State of violent mental agitation
There was frenzied activity outside the castle.
Incongruous: Lacking in harmony
His joke was incongruous with polite conversation.
Ominous: Threatening/Presaging ill fortune
A dead and ominous silence prevailed after the storm.
Adverse: Contrary to your interests or welfare
Her adverse circumstances made her more determined to fight.
Advocate: Push for something
The doctor advocated a ban on smoking in the whole hospital.
Asset: A useful or valuable quality
His perseverance proved a valuable asset in getting the contract.
Desist: Choose not to consume
He desisted from eating red meat.
Elusive: Difficult to describe
An elusive fragrance emanated from the flowers.
Frustrate: Hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of
She felt frustrated when her efforts yielded no result.
Ineffectual: Not producing an intended effect
The water therapy proved ineffectual.
Interject: To insert between other elements
She interjected clever remarks in her conversation.
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Respite: A (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort

In spite of the sun shine there was no respite from the cold.
Scrutinize: To look at critically or searchingly, or in minute detail
He scrutinized the documents carefully before replying.
Solicit: To seek to obtain by persuasion, entreaty
The priest keeps soliciting money for various charities.
Venom: Toxin/poison secreted by animals

Active and Passive Voice

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Active Voice
Passive Voice

Harry ate six shrimp at dinner.

At dinner, six shrimp were eaten by Harry.

Beautiful giraffes roam the savannah.

The savannah is roamed by beautiful giraffes.

Sue changed the flat tire.

The flat tire was changed by Sue.
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We are going to watch a movie tonight.

A movie is going to be watched by us tonight.

I ran the obstacle course in record time.

The obstacle course was run by me in record time.

The crew paved the entire stretch of highway.

The entire stretch of highway was paved by the crew.

Mom read the novel in one day.

The novel was read by Mom in one day.

I will clean the house every Saturday.

The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday.

The company requires staff to watch a safety video every year.

The staff are required by the company to watch a safety video every year.

Tom painted the entire house.

The entire house was painted by Tom.

The teacher always answers the students' questions.

The students' questions are always answered by the teacher.

The choir really enjoys that piece.

That piece is really enjoyed by the choir.

A forest fire destroyed the whole suburb.

The whole suburb was destroyed by a forest fire.

The two kings are signing the treaty.

The treaty is being signed by the two kings.
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The cleaning crew vacuums and dusts the office every night.
Every night, the office is vacuumed and dusted by the cleaning crew.

Larry generously donated money to the homeless shelter.

Money was generously donated to the homeless shelter by Larry.

The wedding planner is making all the reservations.

All the reservations are being made by the wedding planner.

Susan will bake two dozen cupcakes for the bake sale.
Two dozen cookies will be baked by Susan for the bake sale.

The science class viewed the comet.

The comet was viewed by the science class.

The director will give you instructions.

Instructions will be given to you by the director.

Thousands of tourists visit the Grand Canyon every year.

The Grand Canyon is visited by thousands of tourists every year.

The homeowners remodelled the house to help it sell.

The house was remodelled by the homeowners to help it sell.

The saltwater corroded the metal beams.

The metal beams were corroded by the saltwater.

The kangaroo carried her baby in her pouch.

The baby was carried by the kangaroo in her pouch.
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Tense
Active
Passive
Present simple
Reporters write
news reports
News reports are
written by reporters
Present continuous
Michael is baking a brownie
A brownie is being 
baked by  Michael.
Past simple
The company hired
new workers last year.
New workers were 
hired by the company last year.
Past Continuous
The salesman was 
helping the customer when the thief
came into the store.
The customer was 
being helped by the salesman when the
thief came into the store.
Present perfect
They have already
discussed the book.
The book has already 
been discussed.
Past perfect
He
had delivered the letters.
The letters had been 
delivered.
Future simple
The company will hire new workers.
New workers will be 
hired by the company.
Infinitive
She has to deliver the letters.
The letters have to be
delivered.
Modals
She must deliver
the letters.
The letters must be 
delivered.
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Change the active sentences below into passive sentences. Write “No change” if you
think sentences cannot be changed.

1. She writes a letter.

2. They go to school every day.
3. He doesn`t paint the wall.
4. Why are you crying?
5. Did the mechanic fix your car?
6. You should do your homework.
7. Don`t talk so loudly.
8. They are painting their house.
9. We have drunk milk tea.
10. Will you watch TV tonight?
11. I am not going to work today.
12. He has been teaching English for ten years.
13. When are you going to buy a car?
14. Who taught you the active and passive sentences?
15. She had cleaned the kitchen.
16. We will have eaten dinner by the time you get there.
17. People speak English in the USA.
18. Would you rather learn English or French?
19. You must not come late to class.
20. She has to pass the test.
21. He bought his son a book.
22. Fr. Reppy teaches us every day.
23. Who is your teacher?
24. Who fights the coalition forces?
25. Who have you invited to the party?
26. I`ll build a hospital if I have a million dollars.
27. If I had had a million dollars, I would have built a big mosque.
28. We will be playing cricket at this time tomorrow.
29. Aren’t they going to be building a house?
30. It has been raining since yesterday.
31. The explosion had killed many people.
32. I have never been to Egypt.
33. Have you been digging out the ground since morning?
34. I will have written a poem by the time you call me.
35. The heavy storm damaged a lot of crops in Mumbai.
36. I was playing football yesterday.
37. Could you help me, please?
38. Who can answer my question?
39. Will she have been watering the garden?
40. Ajay is helping me solving the active and passive voice exercise.

Rewrite the following changing the active sentences to passive and passive sentences to
active.

1. The thieves have been arrested by the police.

2. The marvellous performance delivered by the children enthralled us.
3. He has been invited to their party.
4. We have shipped your order.
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5. The girl recited the poem beautifully.

6. The guests enjoyed the party.
7. The child impressed everyone with his polite manners.
8. A girl from Chennai won the first prize.
9. The readers like the latest book of the writer.
10. They are painting the walls.
11. The car has been fixed by the mechanic.
12. She accepted their invitation with pleasure.

Modal verbs

A modal is a type of auxiliary (helping) verb that is used to express: ability, possibility,

permission or obligation. Modal phrases (or semi-modals) are used to express the same things
as modals, but are a combination of auxiliary verbs and the preposition to. The modals and
semi-modals in English are:

1. Can/could/be able to
2. May/might
3. Shall/should
4. Must/have to
5. Will/would

1. Probability:
First, they can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened / is
happening / will happen. We often call these 'modals of deduction' or 'speculation' or
'certainty' or 'probability'. For example:

 It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside.

 I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train.
 This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee!

2. Ability
We use 'can' and 'could' to talk about a skill or ability. For example:

 She can speak six languages.

 My grandfather could play golf very well.
 I can't drive.

3. Obligation and Advice

We can use verbs such as 'must' or 'should' to say when something is necessary or
unnecessary, or to give advice. For example:

 Children must do their homework.

 We have to wear a uniform at work.
 You should stop smoking.
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4. Permission
We can use verbs such as 'can', 'could' and 'may' to ask for and give permission. We also use
modal verbs to say something is not allowed. For example:

 Could I leave early today, please?

 You may not use the car tonight.
 Can we swim in the lake?

5. Habits
We can use 'will' and 'would' to talk about habits or things we usually do, or did in the past.
For example:

 When I lived in Italy, we would often eat in the restaurant next to my flat.

 John will always be late!

Modal Verb Expressing Example

Strong obligation You must stop when the traffic lights turn
red.
must
logical conclusion / Certainty He must be very tired. He's been working all
day long.
must not prohibition You must not smoke in the hospital.
ability I can swim.
can permission Can I use your phone, please?
possibility Smoking can cause cancer.
ability in the past When I was younger I could run fast.
could polite permission Excuse me, could I just say something?
possibility It could rain tomorrow!
permission May I use your phone, please?
may
possibility, probability It may rain tomorrow!
polite permission Might I suggest an idea?
might
possibility, probability I might go on holiday to Australia next year.
lack of necessity/absence of I need not buy tomatoes. There are plenty of
need not
obligation tomatoes in the fridge.
should/ought 50 % obligation I should / ought to see a doctor. I have a
to terrible headache.
advice You should / ought to revise your lessons
 21

logical conclusion He should / ought to be very tired. He's been

working all day long.
had better advice You'd better revise your lessons

Complete the sentences with a modal verb from the box below. Sometimes more than
one answer is possible.

CAN - CAN'T – CAN'T HAVE - COULD – COULD HAVE - DON'T HAVE – HAD
BETTER – MIGHT - MUST – MUST HAVE - MUSTN'T – NEED - OUGHT –
SHOULDN'T

1. You ___________________ be exhausted after your long trip. Come in and

have a drink.
2. John ___________________ taken your car keys. He hasn't even left the
house.
3. I won't go out this afternoon because the weather forecast is not very good,
and I ___________________ get wet.
4. You ___________________ to apply for the job yet. You can do it later this
week.
5. I ___________________ left my wallet in the car. I can't find it anywhere.
6. That ___________________ be Jake. It's impossible. He said he was going to
Spain.
 22

7. You ___________________ step into the headmaster's office without

permission.
8. Tell your sister she ___________________ stay the night here if she wants to.
9. You have already drunken a glass of wine. You ___________________ not
drive. Let me.
10. You ___________________ see the Eiffel Tower and the Louvre when you go
to Paris.
11. I ___________________ to take orders from you. You're not my boss!
12. When I was younger, I ___________________ run very fast.
13. Your cold is getting worse and you have a runny nose. You
___________________ to see the doctor.
14. My husband is preparing dinner. He's not a good cook so you
___________________ expect anything special.
15. Don't leave your window open at night. Someone ___________________
climb in.
16. Brenda ___________________ be over thirty. She graduated a year after me
and I'm only 26.
17. You ___________________ to come with me. I can manage on my own.
18. She ___________________ got lost. Otherwise she'd be here by now.
19. You must be more careful. You ___________________ been killed crossing
the street without looking.
20. I didn't ___________________ to buy more groceries. We already had
enough.
21. That pizza was gigantic. I'm sure Mary _______________________ eaten it
all.
22. Nobody was able to tell the police who that man was, so he
_____________________ be someone from here.
23. Be careful when you walk across that old wooden bridge. It
____________________ be very safe.
24. I see you haven't finished your homework yet. It ______________ be very
difficult, then.
25. You ______________ touch the oven. It's very hot and you _______________
hurt yourself.
26. They are putting the suspect into the police car. The police
___________________ arrested him.
27. I don't know where he is. Take a look in the garage. He
___________________ be there.
28. You ___________________ do any more training today. You look so tried.
Take a break!
29. I can't see very well but that ___________________ be Claire over there. It
least, she looks like Claire.
30. Everyone scored over 95% in the first test, so it ___________________ been
so difficult.
31. You ___________________ drive me to the airport. I can take the bus.
32. You ___________________ always wear suitable clothes when you go skiing.
33. Pupils ___________________ go out between the various parts of the exam.
It's against the school rules.
34. Danny ___________________ swim when he was four. Now he's part of the
town's swimming team.
35. You ___________________ buy any food. The fridge is full.
 23

36. John _______________ taken a wrong turn somewhere. Otherwise, he'd be

here by now.
37. There are signs all over the area, so you _____________ have any trouble
getting there.
38. This _______________ be the house they advertised in the newspaper. It's
much too big.
39. Mike ___________________ left the house. His cell phone is still here, and he
never leaves without it.
40. Leaving the house today without an umbrella ___________________ be such
a good idea. It looks like it's going to rain in the afternoon.
41. You _______________ touch that dog. It looks dangerous!
42. You _______________ to feed the cat at least twice a day.
43. The bus _______________ be here by now. That’s what the schedule says.
44. When I was six, I _______________ play violin but I haven’t practiced since
then so I _______________ play anymore.
45. Judith _______________ go to school on Saturdays. She has a five-day week.
46. I _______________ rather stay at home than go out and have dinner in a
restaurant.
47. My fingernails _______________ cutting. They’re so long.
48. She _______________ study harder if she wants to pass the exam.
49. I’m tired. I _______________ go to bed early tonight.
50. You’ve just had a huge breakfast. You _______________ be hungry anymore.
51. Do you _______________ to pay taxes as a resident of a foreign country?
52. You _______________ wear a uniform to the ceremony. It’s not necessary.
53. Passengers _______________ speak to the driver when he’s on duty.
54. Ask Henry. He _______________ know the answer but I’m not sure.
55. When I was younger I _______________ climb to the top of the mountain
without being out of breath.
56. I _______________ have gone to the doctor, but it got better after a few days.
57. If you speak to her, she _______________ probably tell you the truth.
58. The company boss _______________ be extremely rich if he owns several
sports cars.
59. I _______________ have got up so early, but it was a sunny day and I was
planning a lot.
60. Jack didn’t _______________ to explain the situation. Everyone know what
was happening

Complete the sentences with MUST, MUSTN’T or NEEDN’T.

1. It’s very warm outside. You _____________________ take a coat with you.
2. You _____________________ speak with a full mouth. that’s very impolite. 3
3. The doctor said I _____________________ smoke so much.
4. In England you _____________________ drive on the left side of the road but
in other European countries you _____________________.
5. Students _____________________ be late for school.
6. Small children _____________________ play with matches.
7. You _____________________ drive so fast. We have plenty of time left.
8. Do you want me to wait for you? – No, it’s OK. You
_____________________ wait.
9. You _____________________ take a taxi. You can go by bus.
 24

10. All candidates _____________________ send in their application forms by

Friday.
11. You _____________________ be very hungry. I’ll get you something to eat.
12. Jackie gave me an important letter. I _____________________ forget to post
it.
13. They _____________________ go to school today. It’s Thanksgiving.
14. The book I gave you is very valuable. You _____________________ be
careful and take good care of it.
15. We have enough food in the fridge, so we _____________________ go
shopping every day.
16. You _____________________ make a mess in the house, or else mom will be
very angry.
17. You _____________________ come if you don’t want to, but I hope you do.
18. You _____________________ shout in a library.
19. I _____________________ take my medicine three times a day.
20. You _____________________ help me. I can prepare the meal on my own

Complete the sentences CAN, CAN’T , COULD, COULDN’T , MUST or MUSTN’T.

1. She is a small baby. She ______________ eat meat, but she ______________
drink milk.
2. He is so ill that he ______________ see the doctor.
3. It’s raining heavily. You ______________ take your own umbrella.
4. We ______________ pick the flowers in the park. It’s forbidden.
5. I ______________ sing now but I ______________ sing very well when I was
a child.
6. Mike is only nine months old. He ______________ eat nuts yet.
7. He has a lot of weight so he ______________ run so fast.
8. I’m very tall, so I ______________ play basketball.
9. You ______________ park that car there. It’s a no-parking zone.
10. Many students in Great Britain ______________ wear a uniform when they
go to school.
11. George has travelled a lot. He ______________ speak 4 languages.
12. I ______________ come with you now because I’m studying for my test.
13. Footballers ______________ touch the ball with their hands.
14. ______________ I use your phone ?
15. I’m sorry I ______________ come yesterday. I had to work late.
16. You ______________ speed through the city. It’s dangerous!
17. You have been coughing a lot recently. You ______________ smoke so
much.
18. I’m very tired today. I ______________ clean my room now, but I’ll do it
tomorrow.
19. I ______________ eat lasagne when I was a child, but I like it today.
20. We ______________ go to the bank today. We haven’t got any money left.
21. You ______________ sleep in that room. It’s full of boxes and other stuff.
22. I ______________ swim very far these days, but ten years ago, I
______________ swim over to the other side of the lake.
23. You have a bad headache, so you ______________ go to bed earlier.
24. I ______________ feed the baby now, so can you do it for me ?
 25

25. Tourists ______________ take their passports with them when they go
abroad.