ELE 275 SYLABUS FOR 2020/2021 SESSION COURSE TITLE: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS I COURSE CODE: ELE 275 LECTURERS: OSUNSANYA & ONIYIDE VENUE: ELT & ELH Introduction to Computers and Computing, Subsystems of the Computer, classificatic based on age of technology, physical size, input data. Computer system embedding. Aret of application of the Computer System. -Oniyide, 0. @ weeks) Introduction to the software subsystems, types of software: Operating system, users at application programs. Hands on practical on the usage of specific application packag- demonstrating usage of spreadsheet, word processors and database managemet Osunsanya, K.O. (6 weeks) Computer system problem solving tools: Flowchart, Top-down charts, Algorithms a1 pscudocodes. Extensive problems solving with the computer system in Engineerin Algorithm: Euclid, Sorting , searching and merging. Numerical techniques: decimal-bina conversion, integration and differentiation. Series: Taylor, Maclurin, Fibonacci - Oniyic 0. G weeks) cELE275 Computer Applications | Identifcation, Functions. applications, and use of PC parts and peripheral devices. Safety precautions and preventive maintenance of FC. Filing system: Word processing applications and eee ae eallale services, principle of operation, applications, demonststions. Spreadsheet: applications and how to use, Datalase Management package: applications, demonstrations, Report presentation Software Packayest applications demonstrations and use. Mini-project to test Proficieney in use of these software packages. Sh (1), 20h (F):C 1 System can be viewed to be a gystem of interconnected devices that share a central storage system and various peripheral devices such as Printers, Scanners, Modems, Routers etc. It sean programmable device including its software, hardware, peripherals, procedures, users, interconnections and inputs for the electronic processing of information for reporting and control. The Computet ‘The Computer System is an electronic device that will accept and process data by following instructions to produce output know as information, This presupposes that the computer system is fof twa components The Electroni¢ pr (Hardware) and the Instruction (Software). Hence made the computer System will be viewed as comprising of two sub systems as illustrated in Figure 1. COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE SUBSYSTEM SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEM Figure 1: The subsystems of the Computer Hardware Subsystem: This comprises the electro mechanical parts of the Computer System, that are visible, Hardware of the Computer System include: Motherboards, Processing Unit or Central Processing Unit (CPU), Power Supply unit, Drives- Hard, Floppy, Flash, Pen, Optical ete, Add-on Cards (e.g Video card), Memory: Primary, Secondary/Auxiliary and Input/Output devices ‘A device is a unit of physical hardware or equipment that provides one or more computing em. Devices ean provide input ta the Computer System, accept functions within a Computer output or bath. Peripheral devices allow users make full use of the Computer's zesources. Peripheral devices hook tp electronically via cables or wireless connections to the main computer. A Peripheral device fined as an internal ex external device that conncets directly to a Computer's primary puter. ices can also bede function. Peripheral devices helps end users access and use the functionalities of a Cora There arc three types of Peripherals: toput, Output and storage. Examples of Peripheral 6 ec FLL 275/2020_2021/00_O8/HART!include: Printers (Dot matrix, Laser, DeskjevInk jet, thermal, Clectrostalic etc), Scanners, Point of Sales terminals (POS), Keyboard, Mouse, Plotters, Joystick, Braille etc. Figure 2 illustrates the hardware component of the Computer System as combination of devices and peripherals interconnected with the aid of electrical high way called buses. Common buses in Computers include the Address, Data and Control buses, Busses are named in accordanee to (he bas width in bits. It i8 3 common practice to have an 8, 16, 32, 64..... 2*bit data or address bus. ‘An § bil data bus will have 2) = 8 different data lines Dy, D3, Ds, Ds.Ds,D.Dx.Ds or Dy, Di), Dy, DyDi.Ds.Da.Dr. A bit (Binary digit ) is either a 0 or a 1. The terms Nibble, Word, Byte, Kilobit, byte, Megabit, Megabyte, Gigabit, Gigabyte, Terabit, Terabyte down to FLOPS are terms aften used to quantify large amount of Bits. rs | MEMORY UNIT SECONDARY/ AUXILIARY PRIMARY ARITHMETIC & LOGIC UNIT iT 1 | ! 1 : I CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) Figure2: Hardware component of the Computer System Input Unit: The Computer System accepts data and instructions through the input unit with the aid of input device. Input data may exist in the form of text, graphies! images, sound and what have you? In which ever form the input data appears. there are specific devices for handling them. Examples of input devices include: Keyboard, Mouse, Light Pen. Optieal/Maynetic Scanner. Touch Screen, Microphone (Voice input), Track ball, Joystick, Camera (Video & Audio inp!) and Web Cam (PC Video Camera). : ‘ cn 4/2020_2032/00OS/PA8T4Control Unit: The control unit as its name implies controls everything that goes on within the Computer System, Wehecks the input unit for valid data and instructions and passes appropriate jesructions o the arithmetic and logic unit ifthe input instruction needs the ALU. The contol ‘unit alsa sends appropriate signals to the Memory and the Output units, to store the data or instructions or display the data and instructions on the Visual Display unit or Printer Arithmetic and Loge Unit (ALU): Activities of men ean generally be broken down into ‘arithmetic and Logical operations. Deterinining age and time, counting numbers, operations of Multiplication, addition, Subtraction, Division and Exponentiations are all Arithmetic Operations. With Logical reasoning, one ean take actions based on the outcomes of logics. If it rains, {shall go tothe ELE 275 class with an umbrelln, mean thatthe Student shall only be found inthe ELE 275 class with an umbrella if and only if it rains. IF my annual salary is 10 Million Naira, | will buy a Mansion in Aso Rock. Yellow or white Lace is only allowed to the Engagement party implies that, two types of lace materials ae allowed to the engagement: - Yellow and or White, “The Computer System caries out all arithmetic and logical operations in the Arithmetic and Logic Unit. The Hardware which does this is the Microprocessor. Memory Unit: The Memory Unit of the Computer System stores data, instructions, intermediate ‘and final results. The Memory unit is subdivided into Primary and Secondary / Auxiliary, The Primary Memory are used to store data, intennediate and final results temporarily during the run ime of the Computer System. If permanent storage of the data, intermediate and final results is required, then a secondary / auxiliary storage is nzeded. Examples of Primary Memory include the Random.Aecess Memory (RAM) and the Read only Memory (ROM). ROM are used to store instructions ata one-lime basis, for multiple access by the Computer System. One-time basis here refers (othe fact that the ROM. once written to can only be read from but not re-write into it exeept swith specialized equipment for programming the ROM which the users of Computers System do not have secess to, Booting instructions are example of Instructions found in ROM. Contents of ROM can be erased and re-written into with the aid of Erasable and Programmable Read Only ‘Memory. (EPROM) and Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory. (EEPROM), RAM s is volatile memory. ROM is nonvolatile. Examples of Secondary / Auxiliary slorage devices inetude: Punched Cards, Cassette tapes, Floppy disks, Hard disk, Zip disk, ‘Compact disks, Pen drives and Flash drives. Memory devices capacities are rated in Bytes, of which the Kilo, Mega, Giga and Tera fixes are applied. Hence it is common to say that the capacity of my hard drive is S00GB, GB is the prefix for Gigs Byte. ‘The Output Unit: The Output unit displays in either soft form or hardcopy, Data, instructions, intermediate and final results. Visual Display Units (VDU) displays computer outputs in soft form (Electronically), Examples of VU s include Monitors (Monochrome, CGA, ECGA, VGA, SVGA ), SMART boards ond Projectors, Far phones and Computer speakers, etc. Hard copies of information processed by the Computer System are obtainable from Printers and Plotters.Examples of output devices are: 1. Braille Readers A computer device, that enables a blind person te read text displayed on a Computer Monitor, . , ; Couputer Spenkers: transforms the signa from the Computer's sound card into audio. crs Global Positioning System: Uses a network of satellites to provide information ohh ean be used to calculate the location of a specific device, OMen used with other gta technology such as mapping apps. GPS produce very accurate results, 4. Mead? Earphones; enables you listen to audio without disrupting other people in he vicinity. displays text and video images & Plotter; use writing tools such as pen, pencil, marker, to draw lines. In recent yesrs, laters were commonly employed for Computer aided design, but today are largely replaced by wide-format printers. 2. Printer: produces ahard copy of information processed by the Computer 8. Projector: “projects” Computer images and text onto a wall of screen 9, Sound Card: control the output of sound signals, enabling devices like speakers and headphones to work. 10. Video Cards: processes images and video enabling suals to be seen on a display. INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICES: Some peripherals perform input and output functions. These peripherals are listed as follows: 1. Digital Camcorders 2. Digital mixers 3. External hard drives 4. Media Cand readers 5. Midi equipment SOFTWARE SUBSYSTEM. In the Computer world today, 10 every piece of hardware, there is or are underlying instructions some where that will make the piece of hardware work. The underlying instruction is known as software, The software subsy'stem of the Computer is otherwise hnown as ‘programs. The software subsystem or the program subsystem comprises the Operating systemn Software, user software and application programs. In recent times, uly programs, device drivers and other routines that cable input and output operations on the computer has been included in the operating system software Operating system Software: Enables input and output operations to be carried out on the computer system Operating system sofware also, manages the resources, (Memon printersscanners, VDUS ete) available on the computer system. It manages the storage and retrieval of data To and fro storage of memory devices. Operating system software can either be Command JCharacter user interface OS or Graphics user interface OS. With command user interface petting system, user Interacts with the system by fasuing commands (combination of tokens) that serve as directives to make the system carry out tasks for the user. Examples include Personal Computer Disk Operating System (PC DOS), Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS DOS), Unix anal Nenis. Graphics user interface operating system uses represents instructions to be carried out inibe form of graphical images or Icons. The user simply drags a pointing device tothe icon and ck. double click or drag the icon as the ease may be, to carry out a task. Graphics user interface rating system paved the way for touch screen features now available on PC's, Laptops, Palm taps and Android’ windows-based palm tops and Tablets. Examples of graphics user interface operating system include: MS Windows (Windoves 3.X, Windows °95, ‘98, ME, XP, 2000. $.... 10), Macintosh Windows, Android, etc, Graphics user terface operating system. can be single user, multi task OS or Multi User multi task. Other variations include, Mulli user single task an single user single task, There exist also, utility software. Utility software is a system software designed to help analyse, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. Utility software shall be discussed into details later. User Software: User software are programs written by human operators to solve specific tasks on the computer system. User software can be high level, low level or assembly language instructions. “The high-level language in terms of syntax, is closer to the human operator than the underlying Microprocessor on the computer system. High level programs must be synthetically and semantically correct. High level programming languages are cither interpreted or compiled. An interpreted high-level programming language converts the source code into the corresponding object code, line by line. White a compiter will the the whole source code and translate to the corresponding object code as a whole. The choice of compilers of interpreters’ borders on chaice, heuristics and the mastery of the ant with high sense of portability, compactness, cost implications / advantage on the software. Examples of interpreted Languages include: Algorithmic Language {ALGOL), Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Cade (BASIC) ete. FORTRAN {Formulae Translator), PASCAL, Quick Basic, Cobol, Python. LISP and Qcamle. Low level programing languages, in terms of syntax, are closer to the underlying microprecessor of the ‘Computer system than the human operator. Low level programs are assembled with the aid of assemblers. Assembler are uscd to convert assembly language code into machine code. Assemblers intended to assemble programs other than the one it is designed for are called cross assemblers. Examples of assemblersinchide; MASM, Motorola Assemblers (6502, 680x0, ), ARM assemblers, INTEL assemblers (18086, 180x88), Power Pe assemblers etc. Application programs: Application programs: 18.295 /2020,2021)60_OWPART