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CH 2 PDF

1) Load line analysis is used to determine the operating point (Q point) of a diode circuit by drawing a line on the diode's characteristic curve and finding the intersection point. This avoids complex mathematical calculations. 2) Diode circuits can be analyzed using either ideal, approximate, or piecewise linear models of the diode depending on the required accuracy. Approximate models are generally used in engineering applications. 3) Rectifier circuits using diodes can convert alternating current inputs to direct current outputs through half-wave or full-wave rectification configurations.

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Siddhant Mishra
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84 views34 pages

CH 2 PDF

1) Load line analysis is used to determine the operating point (Q point) of a diode circuit by drawing a line on the diode's characteristic curve and finding the intersection point. This avoids complex mathematical calculations. 2) Diode circuits can be analyzed using either ideal, approximate, or piecewise linear models of the diode depending on the required accuracy. Approximate models are generally used in engineering applications. 3) Rectifier circuits using diodes can convert alternating current inputs to direct current outputs through half-wave or full-wave rectification configurations.

Uploaded by

Siddhant Mishra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2

Diode Applications
• In general, approximate model
of diode is used in applications
because of non-ideal real life
conditions (tolerance,
temperature effect, etc) never
allow an ideal case to be applied
Load Line Analysis

• The load of a circuit determines


the point or the region of
operation of a diode (or device)
• The method: A line is drawn on
the characteristic of the device
• The intersection point gives the
point of operation
Load Line Analysis
• In the above figure, E has to be
in the forward bias direction and
> VT of the diode, in order for
the current to flow. Using KVL:
• -E + VD + VR = 0
• E = VD + VR = VD + IDR
• Notice: Variables VD , ID are
same in the above equation
• For VD=0: ID = E/R
• For ID=0: E = VD + IDR
Load Line Analysis

• The intersection point is called


Q point
• Same solution can be found by
using nonlinear diode equation
• We can avoid heavy math using
load line analysis.
• Exp from notes 1
• Exp from notes 2
• Exp from notes 3
Example 1
• For below figure, determine
VDQ, IDQ and VR
Solution
• Refer to notes for the solution
Example 2

• Repeat the previous example


using approximate model of the
Si diode

• Solution: Refer to notes and see


the next figure
Solution to Example 2.
Example 3

• Repeat the same example using


ideal model of the diode
• Solution: Refer to notes and see
next figure
Solution to example 3 using ideal model
Diode Approximations

• As an engineer, we will
generally use approximate
models to avoid extensive
mathematical calculations
• This is achieved by using
approximate model of a device
whenever it is possible
• Approximate model of diodes
are given in Table 2.1
• Also see Figure 2.11
Series Diode Config.
with DC Inputs
• When connected to voltage
sources in series, the diode is on
if the applied voltage is in the
direction of forward-bias and it
is greater than the VT of the
diode
• When a diode is on, we can use
the approximate model for the
on state
• See next two figures
Using equivalent model of the
diode in the forward-bias region
Series Diode Config.
with DC Inputs
• Here, VD = VT, VR = E - VT
• ID = IR = VR / R
• When the diode is in the off
state, the model for the off state
is used
• See two figures
• Here, VD = E, VR = 0, ID = 0
• Keep in mind that KVL has to
be satisfied under all conditions
• Exp from notes 1,2,3,4,5
Example 4

• For the figure below, determine


VD, ID, and VR
• Refer to notes for the solution
Example 5
• For the figure below, determine
VD, ID, and VR
• Refer to notes for the solution
Example 6
• Determine VD2 , ID and V0 for
the figure below
• Refer notes for the solution
Example 7
• Determine I1 , V1 , V2 and V0
for the figure below
• Refer to notes for the solution
Parallel Diode Configurations

• Determine I1 , VD1 , VD2 and V0


for the paralel doide circuit in
below figure
• Refer to notes for the solution
Determining unknown quantities
Example 9
• Determine the current I for the
circuit below
• Refer to notes for the solution
Example 10
• Determine I1, I2, and ID for the
figure below
• Refer to notes for the solution
Example 10

Determining the unknown quantities for the


above example
Sinusoidal Inputs:
Half-wave Rectifier
• We expand our analysis to
include time varying signals
• Such a network is shown as in
the next figure
• This circuit is called half-wave
rectifier
• For the positive and negative
cycles, the circuit is
approximated as in below
• See following 2 figures
Half-wave Rectifier
Half-wave Rectifier
• The total effect of diode on the
output signal is given in below
Half-wave Rectifier

• For the half-wave rectified


signal:
Vdc = 0.318 Vm
• If the effect of VT is also
considered, the output of the
system will as below
• Vdc = 0.318 (Vm- VT)
• See next Figure
Effect of VT on half-wave
rectified signal
PIV rating of Half-wave
Rectifiers
• PIV rating is very important
consideration for rectifier
circuits
• For the half-wave rectifier:
• PIV ≥ Vm
Full-wave Rectifiers
Bridge Networks
• The dc level obtained from a
sinusoidal input to the half-
wave rectifier can be improved
to 100% using full wave
rectifiers
• Bridge networks are used for
this purpose
• See Figure 2.54
• For positive and negative
cycles, network acts as below
• See Figures 2.55 – 2.58

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