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Class III Maths English

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Class III Maths English

math

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Saroja Sundararajan Jayanthi Ravi > £} onan? The Textbook Sotto ez) Jayanthi Ravi De ae a Tas eNNEST (An imprint of New Saraswati House (Indi New Dethi-110002 (INDIA “reface Matrix, a new series comprising 5 books in mathematics from classes | to 5, is an attempt to strengthen cognitive skills and concepts among children. Through these books, an attempt has been made to include various elements of teaching- learning process in a progressive and comprehensive manner. At the primary stage, it is important that students develop a positive attitude towards learning mathematics and acquire problem solving skills through various activities, puzzles and making connections with the real life. A concerted effort has been made through these books at developing the following skills in the child, © Number sense while handling numbers © Spatial skills through learning geometrical shapes © Language and analytical skills by tackling word problems © Real-life application by working out problems dealt with in day-to-day life. © Competitive edge through multiple choice questions © Values through value-based questions © Critical and analytical skills through HOTS questions This series aims to develop a more holistic learning environfnent with its unique features apart from its extensive and thought-provoking exercises. These features serve as guiding beacon not only for children, but also for teachers to plan their strategies in helping students learn in a holistic manner. The highlight of the series is that It has extensive practical exercises, revision exercises and variety of assessments to master the concepts learnt. It will give students an exhaustive practise on the concepts learnt in the class. We hope our books will be enjoyed by all our young readers and also provide great support to all teachers. We look forward to receiving your feedback and suggestions for improvement in enriching our books to cater future generations. Best wishes for a great learning and a wonderful teaching experience! Saroja Sundararajan Jayanthi Ravi A brief outline of the chapter for a quick Dp gimese. A warm-up activity that prepares the students to imbibe the learnings of the < AR Getting Started shapter. 1. Write the number that you see when yor 2. Which numbers look like a teddv bear? In-text exercises that test the students on © Practice Time 1.1 D> the concepts taught. ares. Write the number and its name. Important information to students that they generally tend to gloss over while ‘ reading the text. Win young onan nas easton FACT FILE Word problems to help students learn the >= opplication of Maths in realife scenario. the sum ofthe greatest -igt even number Multiple choice questions that prepare students for competitive exams right from the beginning by developing reasoning concepeiatenm ies A set of mental maths questions to test p> the mathematical aptitude of students. Varied practice questions at the end of ‘the chapter for self-assessment. Revision Zone Exercises at the end of a few chapters that ensure that the student has a good Test Yourself DP cris on We chopies teva Two assessment per books are teacher support material which the teachers can use to assess children on the topics G |@e-resources.saraswatihouse.com Dies Website MyStudygear ers ed ray & eee cee oats ore (G_spotiight (G)__ Page view pena io) Nereus My Subscriptions My Profile Change Password Logout Sats (lta Coul a ey A Pee ie eee een) Subscribe/Like books Peedi rials) mid) Windows ¢ Linux ¢ Android ¢ iOS ¢ Smart TV 10. (25 Numbers Addition Subtraction Multiplication TestYourself - | Division Assessment - | Fractions Measurement Shapes Test Yourself - 2 Patterns Telling Time Money Data Handling Test Yourself - 3 Assessment - 2 Answers 28 50 72 94 96 116 118 127 142 154 156 165 179 189 199 201 203 kee + To understand the process of rounding numbers to the nearest tens, hundreds) and thousands ‘+ Torepresent numbers in standard and expanded forms ‘+ Tounderstand the conceptof place value + Tocomparenumbers and arrange them in ascending and descending orders + Tolearnevenand odd numbers and the concept of pairs eee RITES neo senses Getting Started Fill in the missing numbers to add up to the|_1 | 4 numbers given in the pink and blue boxes. Use ‘umbers 1 to 9, each number only once. Three “numbers are already given. a it is the next number higher than 999? next number higher than 999 is a four-digit number. tis the smallest four-digit number? ‘Well, it has to be the number 1 followed by three zeroes, which is 1000, Let us now look at the smallest number and the largest number in a series of numbers. The largest The smallest ...... one-digit number is 9 | one-digit number is 1 two-digit number is 99 | two-digit number is 10 three-digit number is 999 three-digit number is 100 four-digit number is 9999 | four-digit number is 1000 Bits acided ¢o the largest sant fa iiseries you get the smallest number of the next series. 9+1= 10 ; 99+1= 100 Oo 999+1= 1000 In the previous class, you have learnt that ten ones make one ten and ten tens make one hundred. DING OFF NUMBERS g off to the nearest tens 50 i ‘is closer to 70 than 60. Hence 68 is rounded off to 70. t closer to 30 than 40. Hence 31 is rounded off to 30. is placed between 20 and 30. Such numbers may be rounded off to the higher tiple of ten. Hence 25 is rounded off to30. p round offanumber to the nearest tens, follow these steps. If the digit in the ones place is 5 or more, increase the value of the digit in the tens place toa higher multiple of ten and put 0 in the ones place. When you round off 38 to the nearest ten, you get 40. Ifthe digit in the ones place is less than 5, the digit in the tens place remains the same and put0 in the ones place. en you round off 21 to the nearest 10, you get 20. Whena numberis rounded off and resultant number is lower than the actual number it is called rounding down. In the same way, when the ‘resultant’ is higher than the actual number, it is called rounding ‘up. 11 2 $264 Example 1: Round 182 and 155 to the nearest 10. 182 is closer to 180 than 190. So 182 is rounded down to 180. 205 is between 200 and 210. It is rounded up to 210. a — eee) =S 2d 192 2s Rounding off to the nearest hundreds To round off a number to the nearest hundreds, check the digits in the tens and ones places. Consider the number 564. You know that 64 is greater than 50. Hence 64 becomes 100. Therefore 564 is rounded off to 600. Consider the number 732. You know that 32 is less than 50. Hence 32 becomes 00. Therefore, 732 is rounded down to 700. Consider the number 550. The value of the last two digits equals 50. Hence, 550 may be rounded up to 600. Inthe same way, you may round offa number to the nearest thousands. ® Practice Time 1.1 | 1. Round off the number to the nearest tens. a. 939 b. 321 c. 458 x d. 826 eo 21r 642 ne at 2. Round off the number to the nearest hundreds. a. 109 b. 637 d. 559 os) e. 856 Ess f. 980 ees) UU 1000 One thousand 2000 Two thousand 3000 4000 Four thousand 5000 Five thousand; 6000 Six thousand 7000 Seven thousand 8000 Eight thousand 7\/0/0\0 ee ee er coe ee 4 a WRITING NUMBERS IN WORDS Let us have a look at some numbers in figures and words. One thousand 1006 One thousand six Two thousand —-2009-~—— Two thousand nine Three thousand 3018 Three thousand eighteen Four thousand 4207 —‘ Four thousand two hundred seven Five thousand 5999 _Five thousand nine hundred ninety-nine @ Practice Time 1.2 1. Write the following numbers in words. a. 3090 | oe _ ) b. 1208 ( f = i a Se ) c. 3987 ( d. 4220 ( 2. Writein numerals. a. Four thousand five hundred sixty-two eS } b. Six thousand six hundred sixty-six ew [ c. Five thousand E ) ope ie a oe d. Two thousand fifty-five yi REPRESENTING NUMBERS ON AN ABACUS Let us see how numbers are placed on an abacus. In the abacus, each spike can hold nine beads. a H TO H 1/0 9+1=10 | This shows 9 in the ones The 9 ones are removed place. What happens if and only one ‘10’ goes you add 1 more to 9? to the tens place. i 14 & fs HT © T O 99+1=100 This shows 9 in the ones place and 9 The 9 ones and the 9 tens are in the tens place. The number is 99. removed. One '100' goes to the What happens if you add 1 to 99? hundreds place. Th H TO mA TO 999 +1 =1000 This shows 9 in the ones place, 9 in The 9 ones, the 9 tens and the 9 the tens place and 9 in the hundreds hundreds are removed. One '1000' place. The number is 999. What goes to the thousands place. happens if you add 1 to 999? Let us see how 8864 is shown on the abacus. ' (Eman (© 8thousands if » Shundreds — etslels| y 6 \ 4ones © Practice Time 1.3 Th H 1. Write down the number shown on each abacus. ThH TO bo Th HH TO « Th iH TO d. tT HT O : Re ws = Th iH TO | Th H TO 8 ThH TO ho Th H TO UL hihi iii 2. Show the following numbers on the abacus. a. 9470 b. 2006 c. 1039 d. 8888 oh By Ty oO Th iH TO Th iH T O ThH TO WRITING IN EXPANDED FORM . We shall now see what an expanded notation is. Let us now express the number 8864 in its expanded form. ; ThH TO (nl 4x1 = 4 6x10 = 60 8x100 = 800 8x1000 = 8000 8864 = 8000 + 800 + 60 + 4. Acacia Standard fo: _, Expanded form When we express a number to show the place value of each digit, it is called the expanded form of a number. ; @ Practice Time 1.4 "L_ Express these numbers in expanded forms. ae = )+( J+ ( ) +( ) =| } + ( )+( ) + ) meee? = | J+ ( ) + ( )+( ) een. = )+[ J+ ) +{ ) 2 | a ) + ( )+( ) = | ) + ) + ( )+{ ) - ) + ( ) + ( )+( ) Bet ) + ) + ( a ) = ( } + ( )+( )+( ) j 8151 = ( ) +( ) + ( )+( ) UNDERSTANDING PLACE VALUE ' Each digit in a number has a place value depending on the place it occupies. Look at the number 7819 in the place value chart. ThH TO Place Value 9x1 ee 8 1x10 —— 10 8x 100 een 800 7x 1000 @ Practice Time 1.5 1. Write the place value of the circled digit inthe given numbers. a. 9867 b. 5320 c. 6483 d. Q002 e. 1908 £. 3200 g. 3482 h. 5101 i. 1020 j. 821 k. 8091 1 452) 2. Write the place value of each digit in the given numbers. a. 3216 b. 2365 c. 1830 d. 9180 e. 3517 f. 4573 g. 2890 h. 3133 CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS Consecutive numbers are numbers written in the natural order., For example, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102 are consecutive numbers. Consecutive numbers can be written in reverse too. For example, 201, 200, 199, 198, 197, 196 are consecutive numbers written backwards. @ Practice Time 1.6 1. Write the numbers between the following numbers. ‘ S 18 et = Write five numbers forwards and backwards starting with the numbers given below. a 1908 b. 3989. 7690 d. 3399 e. 2009 Write the last 5 four-digit numbers. Write 6 four-digit numbers after 4598. Write the first 8 four-digit numbers. Write the numbers backwards starting with: a. 2309 ending with 2300. b. 3700 ending with 3691. ¢. 4001 ending with 3991. d. 6000 ending with 5991. Write five numbers backwards starting with: a. 3998 b. 9034 —c._ 6586 d. 3003 ‘ :CESSOR AND PREDECESSOR The number just before a number is called its predecessor. To obtain the predecessor of a number, subtract 1 from it. For example, the predecessor of 400 is 400 - 1 = 399. The number just after a number is called its successor. To obtain the successor of a é number, add 1 to it. For example, the successor of 400 is 400 + 1=401. Similarly, 4000 is the number between. 3999 and 4001. ee es ae @® Practice Time 1.7 6 Fillin the blank columns. [amber Successor [Predeossr| a. | 3467 i, | 1309 1311 b. | 1009 i 2008 2010 c. | 2800 k. | 1090 1092 d. | 5976 fee fg 5557 e. [9899 m. | 3989 3991 £. | 3000 n. [9997 9999 8: | 8790 o. | 1001 1003 h. | #23 Pp. | 6222 6224 COMPARING NUMBERS A number which has more digits than another number is the greater number. Compare 2712 and 923. (2712 Guz Hence, 2712 is greater than 923. We write 2712 > 923 or 923 is less than 2712 which is written as 923 < 2712. If the number of digits are equal, we start comparing the digits one by one in the two given numbers from the left. Example 2 a. Compare 7456 and 6743 b. Compare 5643 and 5878 456 Compare the digits in the 4 3 The digits 5 in the thousands place are the same. thousands place. 7>6 7 8 Inthe hundreds place 6 < 8. 743 Hence, 7456 > 6743 Hence, 5643 < 5878 c. Compare 2876 and 2863 d. Compare 1089 and 1080 287|6 The digits 2 and 8 in the fi 0 89 Compare thedigits, one by thousands and in the one from the left. hundreds places are the same. 12 816 Comparing therefore the 08/0 1, 0, 8are the same in both digits in the tens place, we es ones eevee place 9> 0. Hence 2876 > 2863 Hence 1089 > 1080 Poet CRESS Og BYEre Nee e. Compare 4937 and 4937 4937 = 4937 as both the numbers are same. ARRANGING NUMBERS When several numbers are given, they are arranged one after the other and the digits are compared starting from the left. The greatest or the smallest of them is then found out. Example 3 Arrange the given numbers in descending and ascending orders and find out the greatest and the smallest numbers. 7634, 9984, 9097, 1088, 7986 Looking at the numbers, we find that the numbers 9984 and 9097 have the largest number 9 in the thousands place. The digits are same in the thousands place. In the hundreds place, 9 > 0. Hence 9984 > 9097. The numbers 7634 and 7936 are numbers starting with 7 which is the next larger number. Comparing the two numbers, we find that 7986 > 7634. 1088 is the smallest among these numbers. 7o34 9984 ego Tes 1088 ior 9097 7634 1088 Lloro Loox. 7986 9984 > 9097 7986 > 7634 Hence 9984 > 9097 > 7986 > 7634 >1088. Therefore, we have the smallest number as 1088 and the greatest number as 9984 in the group of numbers. Ascending order means to arrange the numbers from the smallest to the largest. Descending order means to arrange the numbers from the largest to the smallest. The above numbers are arranged in descending order as 9984, 9097, 7986, 7634, 1088. They can also be arranged in ascending order as 1088, 7634, 7986, 9097, 9984. @ Practice Time 1.8 1. Fillinthe symbol >,> b >< . < a. => ( 10. When you buy dozen eggsare you getting an odd or even number of eggs? a. Odd b. even c. both d. none (ie) 25 pete rb eta Zep el 1 Make the largest 4-digit number using the digits 9, 6, 0 - where one of these can be repeated twice. Whatis the predecessor of twice the successor of 49? How many times does'6' appear from 1 to 100? Maths Lab Activit, Finding the greater number Let's Investigate Whichisa bigger 4-digit number? Let's Collect sets of flash cards with 0-9 written in each set of cards. Let's Do 1. Dividestudents into groups of 4. ' 2. Call two groupsata time. Shuffle the cards and distribute one to each student. 3. Ask groups 1 and 2to come forward and have each group form one4-digit number. They will stand facing the class displaying the numbers in frontof them. @ 4, The other groups will record the: numbers, compare and write statements like 8529 > 3105. 5. Ask group 3 to come forward and pick up one card each and stand in the front to display another 4-digit number along with groups 1 and 2. 6. Askstudents to shuffle the order within the groups in 2 different ways and have the class make 2 more statements comparing two groups each time. 7. Now compare all the three and write them in ascending or descending order with < or > symbol. 8. Repeat the activity with different groups and different sets of numbers. 26 The ascending order of the first set of numbers is . The descending order of the second set of numbers is The largest number formed by any group in the class is ‘Conclude ‘The largest 4-digit number is 2 The smallest 4-digit number is . Serer Students were asked to write any three digit number. Akhila wrote down the number 217. The teacher announced that each student will get that many points as the place value of the digit in the tens place. Akhila immediately corrected the 1 in the tens place to a7. What points she would have gotearlier? How much would she get after the correction? Beforecorrection, : After correction... : Do you think it was correcton the partof Akhila todo thecorrection? —_-Yes(_JNo(_) Nitu and Sahil were playing snakes and ladders by rolling dice. They moved on every even number. What are the even numbers on the dice? Nitu moved when she got 3 on the dice, when Sahil was not looking. Is Nitua fair player? 27 Addition Learning Objectives + Tounderstand the properties of addition + Toadd the numbers using expanded form | + Toadd2-digitor3-digit numbers using the shortcut method + Toadd2-digitnumbers by regrouping tensand ones + Toadd3-digitnumbers by regrouping hundreds, tens and ones fQ Getting Started There were 3 mango trees in a garden. The first tree had 1530 mangoes, the second tree had 2400 mangoes and the third tree had only 600 mangoes 1, Whatis the total number of mangoesin the firstand the second trees? 2. Whatis the total number of mangoesin the firstand the third trees? ADDING MEANS GROUPING TOGETHER We put together two ormorenumbers or objects to find out how many inall. uo. 8 B8te ao 2 = 7 When our total is not more than 9 we do not regroup. Regrouping is done when our sum is more than 9. We can only put 9 ones in the ones place because 10 ones is equal to 1tenand 0 ones. Jones + lone 10 ones 1 ten +0 ones p ‘Add the ones ‘Add the tens 45,23and11. | 54341=9ones 4+2+1=7tens - 2. 4 5 [dtens +5]}ones 2 3 [2ltens +{3]ones +11 [i}ten +1Jone 9, Hence, 45 + 23 +11 = 79 ws. ® Practice Time 2.1 Find thesum. ot 11 =| b. 7 + 12 fe) O ‘i £043 =(_} ai7+o6 = | e 19+ 9 Fill in the blanks. as + 13 12 a Anis 9 ee | i Sn +9 = 15 +O + 19 Add. 7 0 b TO . ao ad HTO m7 = fe 1 7 a4 a2 3.0 4 52 +21 +7 io +33 Express the following in numerals and add them. a. Two hundred eightand four hundred sixty-one b. Onehundred thirty-two and fivehundred fifty-seven c. Twohundred twenty-one, three hundred fifty-six and one hundred two d. Six hundred thirty-three, twenty-sixand one hundred twenty = oe a aoe ae ae 5, Add horizontally. a, 29+70= b. 71+16= c. 310+ 284+5=.. d. 365+120+400 = 6. Solve the following. a, Alka has 56 chocolates. Alka’s chocolates aio ‘Asha has 23 more. How & The number of chocolates Be 6 many chocolates does that Asha has more * a 3 Asha have? Total number of chocolates Asha has b. A box has 123 nails and H 256 screws. How many 1, La Number of nails ina box 1 etre ni 2 aLO screws and nails are lumber of screws in a box there in total? ana Total number of screws and nails in the box PROPERTIES IN ADDITION Order Property 1. When two numbers are added and the order of the numbers is changed, the sum still remains the same. Let us take numbers 18 and 71 and add both. Step 1: z Step 2: ¥ . Add 18 and 71. +71 Now change +a g 9 theorder 3.9 (48+71=71+18 and add. Grouping Property When three numbers are added and the order of the numbers is changed, the sum still remains the same. —. — cS Step 1: To Step 2: To Step 3: TO Add 12,23 1 2 Change the 2 3 Changethe 4 4 and 44. 23 order ofall 4 4 orderagain 2 3 +44 thethree +1 2_ andadd. +12 79 Hie 79 a9 12+ 23 + 44=23+44+12=44+23+12 Property ding zero to a number does not change the number. a. Let us add 2and0. T O b. Letus add Oand19. T O 2: 0 +E 0 +o: 2 a |AKING ADDITION SIMPLER Example 2 : Add 2,3,5 and 7. Check if any of these numbers, add up to 10. Now add the remaining two numbers. This is the shortcut method in addition. Step 1: 7 Oo TO 3 Z + 7 * 5 ts ds 0 Zs na NcoO n x Hence 2+5+3+7=10+7 =17 © Practice Time 2.2 Use the shortcut taught earlier and add mentally by grouping. 1. 2494843 2 1484944 3. 5464442 | a | Fe = = ee ae ene nee eee oe ADDITION USING THE EXPANDED FORM | Example 3 | Add 256 and 523. Add the ones. | Add the tens. Add the hundreds 6+3=9 ones 5+2=7 tens 2+5=7 hundreds Hence 256 + 523=779 Example 4 Write in expanded form and add 319 and 260. hundreds + ten + (9) ones hundreds + (6) tens + (0) ones = hundreds + tens + (9) ones ® Practice Time 2.3 1. Write in expanded form and add. H TO = (jhundreds + (©) tens + (one +06 ~~ QC) tundred + () tens + (ones = Obundreds + ©) tens + () ones 2. Write in expanded form and add the following. a. 253+615 b. 146 +752 c. 462+310 d. 189+710 e. 430+ 345 f. 4524324 g- 328+571 h, 754+ 213 i, 442+ 334 Sze cs two numbers, if the sum is more than 9, the left digit goes to the next ‘12means2isin the ones place and 11 goesas 1 ten to the tens place. e applies to addition with three numbers too, In 168 + 57,7 +8=15, The'l! e tens place. 1 +6 +5=12. The'l' goes to the hundreds place and 1+1=2. The +57= 225, Step 2: Step 3: Add the tens. Add the hundreds. 6 +2 = 8tens — 5+3=8 hundreds. — Write 8 in the tens Write 8 in the hune column, column HTO i To 564 5 6 4 +325 +325 89 8 8 9 Hence 564 + 325 = 889 ® Practice Time 2.4 1. Use the standard form and add the following numbers. HTO b @Mo . Ho 4 HTO SM 2 334 517 6 irs 465 +2 2 +e Ss +67 1 ADDITION OF THREE NUMBERS USING THE STANDARD FORM Example 6 Add 413, 232 and 322. Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: 7 Add the ones. ‘Add the tens. ‘Add the hundreds. i 342+ 2= Zones 143 +2 = 6tens 4+2+3 = 9hundreds Write 7 in the ones Write 6 in the tens Write 9 in the hundreds column, colusat: column. HTO HTO “ @@0 4) 3 ae 413 2 2 2a 2 282 +322 +322 +322 z 67 967 Hence 413 + 232 + 322 = 967 @ Practice Time 2.5 4. Use the standard form and add the following. a HTO b: ao . Bo d HTO Ze 7 124 1. 2. 6 2 @:.3 431 343 a @ oO 22 2 +3 at + 0 +B 1 + tor ie 2 WITH REGROUPING abacus. It shows 9 in the ones place. When you add 1 to the number, the 9 =removed and only one 10 goes to the tens place. oT -O H YT, 9+1=100 ) = cus below shows9 in the ones place and 9 in the tens place. The number is 99. If di tothis number, the9 onesand the 9 tens areremoved and only a'100'goesto ds place. H. T. oO T O ounw) ‘abacus below shows the number 999. What happens if you add 1 more to this ? Inwords, itis called one thousand, orjust thousand. fh H TO ii =-Illl REGROUPING ONES | sdse we aase a 12 ones a. + 2ones You cannot have more than 9 in any place. Hence 12 ones = 1 ten +2 ones Example 7 a. Mones =2ones+4ones —b. 38 ones = 30 ones + 8 ones =2 tens +4 ones =3 tens +8 ones @® Practice Time 2.6 Regroup the following. One has been done for you. 1. 16 ones = + (6) ones 2. 2 ones = + © ones 3. 39 ones = + (ones 4, 65 ones = + (ones : 5. 9lones = + (one ADDITION OF 2-DIGIT AND 3-DIGIT NUMBERS WITH REGROUPING Regrouping Ones Example 8 Add 238 and 343. HTO 2 3 8 ——>2 hundreds + 3 tens + 8 ones 43 4 3 ——>3 hundreds + 4 tens + 3 ones 2 + + 3 + + 5 hundreds + 7 tens + 1lonesy 5 hundreds + 7 tens + 1 ten + 1 one 5 hundreds + 7 tens +1 ten + 1 one 5 hundreds + 8 tens + 1 one Hence 238 + 343 = 581 = 36 & , 7 r oF ple 9 317, 412 and 167. amo 3 1 7 ——~ 3 hundreds + 1 ten + 7 ones 4 1 2 ——~ 4 hundreds + 1 ten + 2 ones +1 6 7 ——~ 1 hundred + 6 tens + 7 ones 8 9 6 8 hundreds + 8 tens + 16ones—y 8 hundreds + 8 tens + 1 ten + 6 ones 8 hundreds + 9 tens + 6 ones Hence 317 + 412 + 167 = 896 @ Practice Time 2.7 Write in the columns and add the following. a. 548 +324 b. 603 +158 c. 735+129 d. 219+ 562 e. 327 +363 +104 f. 117 +244 + 326 g 402+ 321 +229 h. 128 + 241 +116 i, 729+109 +143 GROUPING ONES — STANDARD FORM ple 10 id 345 and 228 using standard form. Step 1: a a Add the ones, 5+8 = 13 ones 3 45 Regroup ones, 13 ones = 1 ten +3 ones +928 B2aS: Write 3 in the ones column and carry over 1 to the tens Fs column. Step 2: Add the tens. 4+2+1 (carry over) =7 tens Write 7 in the tens column. os H a ° Step 3: a 5 Add the hundreds. + [DF ol 'g 3+2=5 hundreds Write 5 in the hundreds column. Sila 3 Ans: 345 + 228 = 573 Example11 Add 125, 218 and 439 using standard form. Step 1: TE Write the numbers in the columns. QO Add the ones.5+8+9 = 22 ones 1 2)5 Regroup ones. 22ones = 20 ones +2 ones 21/8 = 2tens +2ones 430 Write 2 in the ones column and carry over 2 to the tens BA column. a pa Step 2: © 1 le Add the tens. 228 24143 + 2(carry over) = 8 tens 438 Write 8 in the tens column. ae” Step 3: 125 ‘Add the hundreds, 218 1+2+4=7 hundreds ‘ae? Write 7 in the hundreds column. Za Be 2. Ans. 125 + 218 + 439 = 782 “a @® Practice Time 2.8 GROUPING TENS ple 12 oup 3 hundreds and 14 tens. ke 3 hundreds + 14 tens = 3 hundreds + 1 hundred + 4 tens = 3 hundreds + 1 hundred + 4 tens = 4 hundreds + 4 tens = 440 @ Practice Time 2.9 Regroup the following. 1, Shundreds+18tens =(_) hundreds +(_} tens 2. Ghundreds+21tens =(_) hundreds +(_ } ten 5% . So 8 oe Add the following numbers. 2 HTO b. BRO c. (i @ 0 d HTO B12) 9 2. ide 4. dl fae 6 3 fo, 2 43 3 33 5 it bor 2 oie 7 +a ys +2 i? +B eg: HTO f£ HTO & HTO h HTO al eis 9 8: $3.7 5 29 S 19 ap ae i 25 6 134 29 8 +7245 +101 +103 +13 Write in columns and add the following. a. 258+ 227 b. 337+ 228 c. 204+326 d. 208 +219 e. 316 +244 f. 138 +117 ' g. 427+315 h. 216 +374 i, 258 +309 3. 4hundreds+ 34tens =(_) hundreds +(_) tens 4. Ihundreds+48tens =(_} hundreds +(_ ) tens 5. Shundreds+56tens =(_} hundreds +(__) tens ADDITION OF 3-DIGIT NUMBERS BY REGROUPING TENS AND ONES Example 13 Add 367 and 498. HTO 3 6 7 ——~* 3hundreds + 6 tens + Zones +4 9 8 ——~ 4hundreds + 9 tens + 8ones 865 7hundreds + 15 tens + 150nes—, 7hundreds + 15 tens + 1ten + 5ones 7hundreds + 15 tens + Iten + 5ones 7hundreds + 16 tens + Sones 7hundreds + Ihundred + 6tens + 5ones 7hundreds + Ihundred + 6tens + Sones Shundreds + 6 tens + Sones Hence 367 + 498 = 865 ‘ Example 14 Add 239, 286 and 385 using standard form. 4 Step 1: Write the numbers in the columns. Add the ones. 9 + 6 +5 = 20 ones Regroup ones. 20 ones = 2 tens +0 ones Write 0 in the ones column and carry over 2 to the tens column. Step 2: Add thetens. 3+8+8+2(carry over) = 21 tens Regroup tens. 21 tens = 2hundreds +1 ten Write 1 in the tens column and carry over 2 to the hundreds column. Soe eS Add the hundreds. Write 9 in hundreds column. Ans. 239 + 286 + 385 = 910 ® Practice Time 2.10 1. Using expanded forms add by regrouping ones and tens. Step 3: 2+2+3+2(carry over) =9hundreds a HTO b 0 c HTO d HTO 2 iy 8 23 a 9. 289 59 9 +593 +H Ea 4 +329 +208 2. Using shortcut method add the following by regrouping ones and tens. a HTO b. ih oO « #Mo a. Hit o Bh 43 8 5 3 6 ot i 8 1 fey 5 i a 9 GS 7 7 6 +5 8 4 +267 +[3 85 Bio) 7 REGROUPING HUNDREDS Example 15 Regroup 18 hundreds. 18 hundreds = 10 hundreds + 8 hundreds = 1 thousand + 8 hundreds 41 a @ Practice Time 2.11 Regroup the following. 1. hundreds = { thousand + { _} hundreds 2. 20hundreds = {thousands + { _} hundreds 3. 24hundreds = (_ J thousands + {__] hundreds 4, 27hundreds = (__} thousands + { _} hundreds 5. S0hundreds = {thousands + {__} hundreds 6. Ithousand+15hundreds ={ _ thousands+{_) hundreds 7. Sthousands+11hundreds= { ) thousands+{_) hundreds Example 16 Add 598 and 623. HTO 599 8 5 hundreds + 9 tens + 8 ones + 623 6 hundreds _+ 2 tens + 3 ones e241 Tihundreds + 11 tens + 1ones—, 11 hundreds + 11 tens + 1 ten + lone 11hundreds + 11tens + 1 ten + lone hundreds + 12tens3+ 1 one 11hundreds + 1 hundred + 2 tens + 1 one 11hundreds + 1 hundred + 2 tens + 1 one 12hundreds3+ 2 tens + 1 one 1 thousand + 2 hundreds + 2 tens +1 one Hence 598 + 623 = 1221 ® Practice Time 2.12 Add the given numbers. 1 @APTo2z Mero 3 MAToOo 4 MA To 6 8 8 7 (aa 4 1139 ome 8 +49 9 +25 9 6 +[ 9 8 2 +E 28 4 oe” IN USING STANDARD FORM P ONES, TENS AND HUNDREDS Step 1: Write the numbers in the columns. Add the ones. 4 +7 = 11 ones. Regroup ones. 11 ones = 1 ten + 1 one. Write 1 in the ones column and carry over 1 to the tens column. Step 2: Add the tens. 6 +7 +1 (carry over) = 14 tens. Regroup tens. 14 tens = 1 hundred +4 ones. Write 4 in tens column and carry over 1 to the hundreds column. Step 3: Add hundreds. 8 +2+1(carry over) = 11 hundreds. Regroup hundreds. 11 hundreds = 1 thousand + 1 hundred. Write 1 in hundred column and carry over 1 to the thousands column. Write 1 in thousand column. Ans: 864 + 277 = 1141 ple 18 Add 1289, 1825 and 3695. Step 1: Add ones. Step 2: Add tens. Step 3: Add hundreds. Step 4: Add thousands. ThH TO Bane ThH TO ° 1289 1 2\8|9 1 2/8/9 1)2|8|9 ms 2/5 1 8|2|5 1 8/2/5 1/8 |2|5 +136 9/5 +3.6/915 +3.61915 +361915 D9 209 s2od9 6282009 Ans: 1289 + 1825 + 3695 = 6809 eS MB See © Practice Time 2.13 1. Add with regrouping in tens only. Oaon Bad Bow Oon BRS maw Oon~ BRin® Bon Ounm BAN iw Own Roe Ban Onn BAD mon Oan Bon mos Onw oN minnow 2. Addthe following. Onaw kone Toon Bude Owceo Rinoan mano Boao Owaw Ronn maaan Enon Onan Reo maroon Ba«a Oana Banc Muce Bees Onan RNAS moan peas Oaao Rano awa Eada Coan Rom Bao a Ena 3. Add horizontally. b. 267+765+123 721 + 646 +123 390+ 445+ 621 a. d. 198+897+349 c. *f. the following in numerals and add them. ‘One thousand two hundred eighty; four hundred sixty-five; One hundred ninety. &. Two thousand four hundred ten; two hundred nine; three hundred five. < Two thousand five hundred ninety-seven; three thousand five hundred thirty-two; three thousand five hundred forty-five. Nine hundred ninety-nine; five thousand five; two thousand six hundred one. 19 numbers greater than 546 by 234? carefully! You will have to get a number which is greater than 546. This can be ined only by addition. Hence 546 + 234 780 is the number. ple 20 ‘Amun saved %425 in January. He saved 7128 more in February than in January. He 439 more in March than February. How much did he save in March? 1 Savings in January = 425 Amount more in February Z 128 Savings in February = 553 Amount more in March +2439 Savings in March = 992 so s 1. Whatis thesum of the greatest3- igit even number and the smallest 4-digit odd number? 2. The number of boys ina school is 208 more than the number of girls. The number of girls is491.Whatis the strength of the school? 3. Ona picnic, three buses carried 183, 167 and 189 students, respectively. How many students went on the picnic? 10. 11. 13. In a village, there were 678 men, 599 women and 342 children. What was the total population of the village? Inahuge coconut grove, there were 279 coconut trees in one year. The next year, 987 trees were planted. The following year, 426 more were planted. How many coconut trees were there at the end of the third year, ifno tree died? Ina small town, there are three public libraries. The first one has 329 books. The second one has 458 more. The third one has 487 more than the second one. How many books are there in the third library? A bookseller supplied the following books to a library: 987 English books ; 543 Hindi books; 398 Sanskrit books. How many books did he supply inall? ‘A town was prone to many diseases because of its dirty surroundings. In a certain year, there were 768 malaria cases; 897 typhoid cases and 588 diarrhoea cases. How many people fell sick during that particular year? Acarton has 2000 honey chocolates in it. A second carton has 2870 almond chocolates. A third carton has 3810 milk chocolate in it. How many chocolates are there in total? An auditorium which has a capacity to seat 3000 people sold 2039 tickets for a play on the first day. On the second day, they sold 989 and on the third day they sold 2999 tickets. What were the total number of tickets sold? ‘There are 4013 bags of wheat, 929 bags of rice and 597 bags of gram ina store. Find the toal number of bags in thestore. 12. A toy factory manufactured 1721 toys in January, 2537 toys in February and 3172 toys in March. How many toys did the factory manufacture in these 3months? ‘A sweet shop sold 2490 sweet boxes in the morning and 947 sweet boxes in the evening, How many sweet boxes were sold in the days? 46 A fe 10. Revision Zone the correct answer. According to the order property of addition, 7+13is equal to a. 10+10 b. 13+7 c 1743 d. 1545 When youadd 609 to812, the digitin the tens place will be the a. firsteven number b. second evennumber c. firstodd number d._ second odd number Adding three hundred ten, five hundred fifty-two and one hundred one, we get a. 863 b. 903 c. 963 d. 973 When weregroup3 hundreds and 15 tens, we get a. 3hundredsand5 tens b. 4hundredsand5 tens c. 4hundredsand 1 ten d. 5hundredsand5tens What is the sum of the greatest 3-digit odd number and the smallest 4-digit evennumber? a, 1990 b. 1997 c. 1998 d. 1999 Ten thousand is equal to ‘ a. 10hundreds b. 100hundreds c. 110hundreds d. 1000.units Tom's tuition fee is 24275, van fee is 1800 and his mess fee is 2180. The total fees paid by Tomis a, °7255 b. %8255 cc. %8345 0d. 8445 Which number makes both sides equal? 163+100= +102 a. 161 b. 162 c. 163 d. 164 Dolly has 317 marbles and she buys a bag of 33 marbles. Bobby gives her 15 more, How many marbles does Dolly have now? a. 335 b. 345 c. 350 d. 365 Tina's basket has 1225 roses. Aman has 175 roses more than Tina and Nuzhat has 60 roses more than Aman. The number of roses that Nuzhat hasis a. 1400 b. 1420 c. 1460 d. 1480 47 ae a CEB ( Learning Zone Follow Steps 1 and 2 and add horizontally. © Follow Steps 3 and 4 and add vertically. © How do you get Step 5? ‘@ What do you notice? 320 + a2 | = STEP1 & 616 af 546 = STEP 2 + = STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP5 Carry Over and Add Let's Investigate How to represent carrying over addition ona place value chart Let's Collect ‘ 4 round shaped bindi packets of different sizes - small to big, pencil, eraser, glue stick, place value chart, number cards, spikes of abacus drawn ona paper. Let's Do 1. Pickany 8number cards and form two4-digitnumbers. 2. Write the numbers in the boxes given below. Bers LETT |] CLE. pee For example, consider two 4-digit numbers - 2345 and 3276. Write the numbers one below the other according to their place values. ‘Add the numbers in the ones position. ake If you get a ten or more, stick one tens sticker in the tens place. Stick small size bindi corresponding to the number you have in the ones position in the ones rod. (6+6=11, you will stick 1 small bindi in the ones spike). 48 Thesum of the given two numbers is Patee eer Reet idents were given an addition problem to be worked out as follows: ‘wo packets of toffees came in for distribution. Balan counted them and noted down as follows. 209 + 322 = 531 toffees in total. Actually, the packets contained 209 and 332 toffees. By his wrong counting Balan thought that the 10 toffees that were actually left out, could be taken home by him. Since there was no one to recheck the amounts of toffees in the packets he could have gone home with them. What should he do? a. Keep the remaining 10 toffees quietly in the packet. (eet b, Apologise to the teacher for the slip and give the tofees back toher. (__) c. Take the toffees home and enjoy eating them. eS 49 eke + Tocomprehend subtraction as the inverse of addition + Tolearn3-digit subtraction without regrouping + Tolearn4-digit subtraction by regrouping hundredsand thousands Rg Getting Started Jittu had a toy calculator. If he entered a number, the calculator doubled the number and subtracted 10 from it and displayed it. Jitu entered the number 30, and the calculator displayed;the number 50. If Jittu enters thenumber50, what will be the number displayed by the calculator? Subtractionis taking away a set of objects froma group. Take away 5 birds from a group of 6 birds. Weare left with 1 bird. This means 6 — 5 = 1. mber line you can do subtraction by counting backwards. If the bee is on 28, it ‘steps back to land on 21. b Subtraction can also be De done vertically. 65 43214 LWONWNOI 28 a a QA 2 Bm % 26 27 28 2 0 31 wm a at back from Car B to Car A. Write the subtraction fact. 46 47 48 49 50 51 See ® Practice Time 3.1 52 1. Subtract using counting backward. b. 37-9= TO 5 6 3.4 aNd Bao 3. Answer the following questions. a. There are 82 pages in one book and 21 pages in another. Find the difference. b. Ranjit has 48 chocolates and Renuka has 24 chocolates. Find the difference. ¢. There are 80 pencils in one box and 60 pencils in another box. Find the difference. |. Make up your own question for 25-14=11. There are 10 pins arranged ina row for bowling. How many would be left if the girl How many would the girl need to knocks down 3 pins? complete the row again? There will be 7 pins left. She would need 3 pins. Therefore, we can: say that subtraction is the inverse of addition. 10-3=7 Every addition fact has two subtraction facts. T3210 would be left if the girl knocks down: UBTRACTION WITHOUT REGROUPING ® Practice Time 3.2 ing the given example, write the addition and subtraction facts in each case. How many ple 1 Subtract 342 from 568 HTO Steps 5 6 8 1. Subtract the ones. 8-2= -3 4 2 2. Subtract the tens. 6-4=2 tens 2s a 6 3. Subtract the hundreds. 5-3 =2 hundreds The difference of 568 and 342 is 226. @ Practice Time 3.3 ' Find the difference. 1 #FTo 20 H °o 3 HTO 4 HTO 6 3 2 5 3 5 5 5 Ba) 7 -BGo -2 1 a8 Bia 5. Eee ae ey 6 HTO 7. imo . Be cys ie 987 68 4 765 Oa 1 -8 3 bie 2 -2ei %9 HTO 10. HTO 1. H TO 2H TO 7a Ga 7, 8 6 369 ig (33 (9 -444 =a 5 SG te BHTO “oH TO BH TO 16. HOT 245 567 Ot ee 8 53 | = ei 4 -Bii 2 = Me sD — bia | 4 CHECKING SUBTRACTION WITH ADDITION Example 2 Subtract 234 from 658 and check your answer using addition. Checking subtraction HTO When we add the HTO 6) toa 8. difference to the 424 — By A smaller number, we +234 ai) 4 get the larger number. ei 8 The difference of 658 and 234 is 424.| Hence the subtraction is correct. © Practice Time 3.4 Find the difference and check your answer by using addition. 1. gas Check 2 pas Check 87/384 567 = (56 a -8 ae Check 4 @Ae Check 839 96 4 =e 2 -6 2 0 5. @ae Check . ARS Check 51 587 993 =a -3 50 7. £26 Check 8. PAS Check 8 6 2 797 — 1b) it 0 -BBia . a6 Check » @ee Check 897 i 7 2 -Ee 8 -5 41 . 1 PAS Check 2 @HS Check 8 13 3.45 -BiiD - ei REGROUPING TENS 31=3 tens +1 ones=(2tens +1 ten) +1 ones waeeen =2tens+11lones oll... 1ten=10ones. 31 2tens + 11 ones Example3 ces Subtract 539 Sa 1. Change’ ten to 10 ones. HTQ 2. Write 3 + 10 = 13 ones in the ones column. 7 3 3 3. Subtract the ones. 13-9 =4 ones 4, We are now left with 4 tens. Write 4 in the —B igi 9 ; Bux tens column. —— 5, Subtract the tens. 4-3=1ten Due ce Oneal era eee 6. Subtract the hundreds. 7-5 =2 hundreds from 3 ones. Hence we regroup the tens. The difference of 753and539is 214. 55 & Example4 Subtract329 from 534. a = ae O 52304 -13 259 2510 5 We cannot subtract 9 ones from 4 ones. Hence we regroup the tens. Example5 Subtract 529 from 930. We cannot subtract 9 ones from 0 ones. Hence we regroup the tens. Steps 1. Change 1 ten to 10 ones. 2. Write 14 ones in the ones column. 3. Subtract the ones. 14-9 =5ones 4. We are now left with 2 tens. Write 2 in the tens column. 5. Subtract the tens. 2-2=0tens 6. Subtract the hundreds. 5—3 = 2 hundreds The difference of 534. and 329 is 205. Steps ‘Change 1 ten to 10 ones. Write 10 ones in the ones column. 10-9=1one . We are now left with 2 tens. Write 2 in the tens column. 5, Subtract the tens. 6. Subtract the hundreds. }.. Subtract the ones. Rene The difference of 930 and 529 is 401. @ Practice Time 3.5 Find the difference by regrouping. 1 Ro vs 7 ee 2 ii: 8 HTO S43 a 9 |. Bao £7 O a i 0 mi) 1 -12 8 =H) 5) 7. 56 : 5 HT O ‘& BRO 7% Bao &.& HToO 6 42 5 6 0 8 6 6 9) ia 2. -@G -mes -Be 7 -5 vd 9 HTO 10 HTO ll. HTO 2HTO 66 4 iB 2a 4 3 6 6 45 2 -4 0 -Ba -Bi & -Bey B. HTO 4HTO b HTO 1. HTO 5 6 4 3 8 3 143 474 -iaiBi 6 -Be — Riel 6 -Bs REGROUPING HUNDREDS 230 = 2 hundreds + 3 tens = (1 hundred + 1 hundred ) + 3 tens = 1 hundred + 13 tens Te) Thundred+ 13 tens Example 6 Subtract 287 from 459. Steps 1. Subtract the ones. 9-7=2ones 2. Change 1 hundred to 10 tens. 3. Write 15 tens in the tens column. 4. Subtract the tens. 15-8=7 tens 5. Now we are left with 3 hundreds. Write 3 in We can subtract 7 ones from 9 the hundreds column. ‘ones, but we cannot subtract 8 6. Subtract the hundreds. 3-2 =1 hundred tens from 5 tens. Hence, we regroup the hundreds. The difference of 459 and 287 is 172. = 57 Example7 Subtract 692 from 935. We can subtract 2 ones from 5 ones, but we cannot subtract 9 tens from 3 tens. Hence, we regroup the hundreds. Examples Subtract 498 from 808. a HTO 78DO 8 -49 8 ay en sO. We can subtract 8 ones from 8 ones but, we cannot subtract 9 tens from 0 tens. Hence, we regroup the hundreds. © Pra Find the difference by regrouping. Steps . Subtract the ones. 5-2=3ones Change 1 hundred to 10 tens. Write 13 tens in the tens column. . Subtract the tens. 13-9=4 tens . Now we are left with 8 hundreds. Write 8 in the hundreds column. Subtract the hundreds. Penne 6. 8-6 = 2 hundreds The difference of 935 and 692 is 243. Steps . Subtract the ones. 8-8=Oones . Change 1 hundred to 10 tens. Write 10 tens in the tens column. . Subtract the tens. 10.—9.=.1,ten. Now we are left with 7 hundreds. Write 7 in the hundreds column. Subtract the hundreds. QPrene 6. 7-4 =3 hundreds The difference of 808 and 498 is 310. ctice Time 3.6 1. HTO 2 HTO 3 mo 4, Bimo 609 by bat 7 en fae 19 74 iG -MiG — #3) (88:4 -fa 2 ao 5 HTO 6 HTO 27 HTO Be 7a 12a 7, 7a t23 9 659 928 -Ble He 4 -BB2 — 3a 9 4 = S56 ° imo 10. H ° il. H TO 2 HTO 7 ie 7 3 8 Bi fe! 7 6 0 6 -Bi@ a = 4 —ite 3 B. HT O 14. ° 15. a oO. 6 HTO 80 8 5 9 605 30 8 -Bie 7 -B 9 -& 2 -@Bis SUBTRACTION WITH ZEROES Example9 Subtract 598 from 800 Steps We cannot subtract 8 ones from 0 ones. Hence we regroup the tens. There is a zero in the tens place. Hence we regroup the hundreds first. 800 — 598 is the same as 799 — 597. Subtract ‘1’ from 800 and subtract ‘1’ from 598. 799 — 597 = 202 1. Change 1 hundred to 10 tens. 2. Write 10 tens in the tens column. 3. Now we are left with 7 hundreds. Write 7 in the hundreds column. 4. Changeltento10ones. 5. Write 10 ones in the ones column. 6. Now we are left with 9 tens. Write 9 in the tens column. 7. Subtract the ones. 10-8 =2 ones 8. Subtract the tens. 9- tens 9. Subtract the hundreds. 7-5 =2 hundreds The difference of 800 and 598 is 202. In subtraction, if you increase / decrease one number by a certain amount, increase / decrease the other number also by the same amount. 59 © Practice Time 3.7 Find the difference. 1 Ho 2 HTO 3 HTO 6 0 0 30 0 5 0 0 =i iss 9 = /25 168 7 ~ ee 5 por aos aco MAKING SUBTRACTION SIMPLER Example 10 Subtract21 from73. 21 canbe regrouped as 20+1 The subtraction can be done in two steps. 1. Subtract 20 first. 73—20=53 2. Subtract 1 next. 53-1=52 Example 11 Subtract 78 from 105. Decrease both numbers by 5. 100-73. 73can be regrouped as 70+3 The subtraction can be done in two steps. 1. Subtract 70 first. 100-—70=30 2. Subtract3 next. 30-3=27 © Practice Time 3.8 1. Find the difference using the simpler method. a. 25-18 b. 78-35 c. 83-41 d. 89-68 e 9-71 f. 99-39 g- 106-78 h. 112-89 Ss 60 ps 2. Find the difference. a, 326-274 b. 832-579 c. 459-367 d. 568-276 e. 200-187 f. 300-267 g. 600-356 h. 400-378 i, 348-297 j- 667-221 k. 900-897 1 500-345 SUBTRACTION OF 4-DIGIT NUMBERS — WITHOUT REGROUPING Example 12 Subtract 3326 from 5678. Steps ThHTO 1. Subtract the ones. 8-6=2ones 5678 2. Subtract the tens. 7-2=5tens 3) 3 2 6 3. Subtract the hundreds. 6 -3=3 hundreds 2352 4, Subtract the thousands. 5—-3 = 2 thousands The difference of 5678 and 3326 is 2352. Example 13 Subtract 1056 from 3987. ' Steps ThuTO 1. Subtract the ones. 7-6=1one 29 8 7 2. Subtract the tens. 8-5=3tens -1056 3. Subtract the hundreds. 9-0 =9 hundreds 2931 4. Subtract the thousands. 3-1 = 2 thousands The difference of 3987 and 1056 is 2931. @ Practice Time 3.9 Find the difference. 1 @uTo 2 ThuoH TO 3. ThH TO m7 8 6 917 7 389 6 -Biia 2s =H s 35 -Bs 22 4. ThH TO 5. ThH TO 6 ThH TO B77 8 5 @ 5 8 5 me 5 8 9 -B 3 5 2 -74 6 3 -2467 SUBTRACTION OF 4-DIGIT NUMBERS WITH REGROUPING USING EXPANDED FORM Example 14 Subtract 490 from 2239. The given numbers are first expanded to their place values. 2239 = 2000 +200 +30 +9 — 490 = 400 +90 +0 90 cannot be subtracted from 30. By regrouping hundreds, we get 2000 + 100 + 130 + 9 400+ 90+0 400 cannot be subtracted from 100. By regrouping thousands, we get = 1000 + 1100 + 130 +9 = 400+ 90+0 1000+ 700+ 40+9 = 1749 The difference of 2239 and 490 is 1749. FACT FILE 1. While borrowing from the previous place, remember that you are NOT borrowing a '1'. If you are borrowing from the tens place, you are borrowing a one ten. If you are borrowing from the hundreds place, you are borrowing a one hundred and if you are borrowing from the thousands place you are borrowing a thousand. 2. Take care if you have to borrow from a '0' in the tens or the hundreds place. You will have to do double borrowing. sm 62 Example 15 Subtract 490 from 2239. Shortcut method The difference of 2239 and 490 is 1749, Example 16 Subtract 2879 from 4008. ln we lo om nin ea who WO The difference of 4008 and 2879 is 1129. Steps 1, Subtract ones. 9-0=9ones 2. Subtract tens. 3 tens < 9 tens. So, regroup 1 hundred as 10 tens. 13 tens - 9 tens = 4 tens. Now we have 1 hundred. 3. 1 hundred < 4 hundred so, regroup 1 thousand as 10 hundreds. 11 hundreds ~ 4 hundreds = 7 hundreds. 4. Write 1 in the thousands column. Steps 1. Change 1 thousand to 10 hundreds. Write 10 hundreds in the hundreds column. 2. Now we are left with 3 thousands. Write 3 in the thousands column. 3. Change 1 hundred to 10 tens. Write 10 tens in the tens column. 4, Now we are left with 9 hundreds. Write 9 in the hundreds column. 5. Change 1 ten to 10 ones. Write 18 ones in the ones column. 6. Now we are left with 9 tens. Write 9 in the tens column. 7. Subtract the ones. 18—9=9ones 8. Subtract the tens. 9-7=2 tens 9. Subtract the hundreds. 9-8 = 1 hundred 10. Subtract the thousands. 3-2 =1 thousand 63

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