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Engineering Mathematics -II

Assignment Solution - Week 10
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ
___________________________________________________________________________

QUESTION 1:
2
The Fourier transform of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 −3𝑥 is

1 2 /12
a. 𝑒 −𝛼
√6
1 2 /4
b. 𝑒 −𝛼
√6
1 2 /2
c. 𝑒 −𝛼
√6
1 2 /8
d. 𝑒 −𝛼
√ 6

Correct Answer: a .

Solution:
2
The Fourier transform of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 is
2 1 2 /4𝑎
𝐹(𝑒 −𝑎𝑥 ) = 𝑒 −𝛼
√2𝑎
Thus,
2 1 2 /12
𝐹(𝑒 −3𝑥 ) = 𝑒 −𝛼
√6
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QUESTION 2:
The inverse Fourier transform of
1
𝑓̂(𝛼 ) =
1 − 𝛼 2 − 2𝑖𝛼
is
a. 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻(𝑡)
1
b. 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻(𝑡)
√2𝜋
c. 2𝜋𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻(𝑡)
d. √2𝜋𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻(𝑡)

Correct Answer: d .

Solution:
1 1 1 1
𝑓̂(𝛼 ) = = =[ ]
1− 𝛼2 − 2𝑖𝛼 (1 − 𝑖𝛼 ) 2 (1 − 𝑖𝛼 ) (1 − 𝑖𝛼 )
Taking the inverse Fourier transform on both sides, we get
1 1
𝐹 −1 (𝑓̂(𝛼 )) = 𝐹 −1 [ ]
1 − 𝑖𝛼 1 − 𝑖𝛼
1 1
We know that 𝐹[𝑓 ∗ 𝑔] = √2𝜋𝐹 (𝑓)𝐹(𝑔) and 𝐹 [𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)] = [ ]
√2𝜋 𝑎−𝑖𝛼
1 1 1
𝑓 (𝑡 ) = 𝐹 −1 [ ] ∗ 𝐹 −1 [ ]
√2𝜋 1 − 𝑖𝛼 1 − 𝑖𝛼
1
[√2𝜋 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡) ∗ √2𝜋 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)]
√2𝜋
= √2𝜋[𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡) ∗ 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)]
∞
𝑓 (𝑡) = √2𝜋 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝐻 (𝑥 )𝑒 −(𝑡−𝑥) 𝐻(𝑡 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
−∞
∞
−𝑡 ∫ 𝐻 (𝑥 )𝐻(𝑡 − 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
= √2𝜋𝑒
−∞
1, 0<𝑥<𝑡
Now, 𝐻 (𝑥 )𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑥 ) = { }
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Hence,
𝑡
𝑓 (𝑡) = √2𝜋𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡) ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = √2𝜋𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻(𝑡)
0
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QUESTION 3:
Let a function 𝑓(𝑥 ) is defined as
1, |𝑥 | < 1
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = { }
0, |𝑥 | > 1
2 sin 𝛼 ∞ sin 𝛼
Given the Fourier transform 𝐹[𝑓 (𝑥)] = √ . Evaluate the integral ∫0 𝑑𝛼.
𝜋 𝛼 𝛼
The value of the integral is
a. 𝜋
b. 𝜋/2
c. 𝜋/4
d. 𝜋/8

Correct Answer: b .

Solution:
1 ∞
The inverse Fourier transform 𝐹 −1 [𝑓̂(𝛼 )] = ∫−∞
𝑓̂(𝛼 )𝑒 −𝑖𝛼𝑥 𝑑𝛼.
√ 2𝜋

∞
1 2 sin 𝛼 −𝑖𝛼𝑥 1, |𝑥 | < 1
∫ √ 𝑒 𝑑𝛼 = { }
√2𝜋 −∞ 𝜋 𝛼 0, |𝑥 | > 1

1 ∞ sin 𝛼 1, |𝑥| < 1

∫ (cos 𝛼𝑥 − 𝑖 sin 𝛼𝑥 )𝑑𝛼 = { }
𝜋 −∞ 𝛼 0, |𝑥 | > 1
Equating the real parts and putting 𝑥 = 0, we get
1 ∞ sin 𝛼
∫ 𝑑𝛼 = 1
𝜋 −∞ 𝛼
∞
sin 𝛼
∫ 𝑑𝛼 = 𝜋
−∞ 𝛼
∞
sin 𝛼 𝜋
∫ 𝑑𝛼 =
0 𝛼 2
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QUESTION 4:
Using Fourier transform, find the solution of the differential equation
𝑦’ + 𝑦 = 𝐻 (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑡 , − ∞ < 𝑡 < ∞, 𝑦 → 0 𝑎𝑠 |𝑡| → ∞
The solution is
a. 𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)
b. 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡
c. 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)
d. 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)

Correct Answer: c .

Solution:
Taking the Fourier transform on both sides of the differential equation, we get

1 1 1 1
−𝑖𝛼 𝑦̂ + 𝑦̂ = Using 𝐹 [𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)] =
√2𝜋 1 − 𝑖𝛼 √2𝜋 𝑎 − 𝑖𝛼
1 1
𝑦̂(1 − 𝑖𝛼 ) =
√2𝜋 1 − 𝑖𝛼
1 1
𝑦̂ =
√2𝜋 (1 − 𝑖𝛼 )2

Now, from question 2

1
𝐹 −1 [ ] = √2𝜋𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡𝐻 (𝑡)
(1 − 𝑖𝛼 )2

Hence,

1
𝑦 (𝑡 ) = √2𝜋𝑒 −𝑡 𝑡𝐻(𝑡)
√2𝜋

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡 𝐻 (𝑡)
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QUESTION 5:
A general second order linear PDE can be written as
𝐴𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝐵𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝐶𝑢𝑦𝑦 + 𝐷𝑢𝑥 + 𝐸𝑢𝑦 + 𝐹𝑢 = 𝐺
where 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹 and 𝐺 are functions of 𝑥 and 𝑦 or they are constants. Which of the
following option(s) is (are) CORRECT for the PDE
𝑢𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑢𝑥 − 2𝑢𝑦 = 0?

a. 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 > 0
b. 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 < 0
c. The PDE is hyperbolic
d. The PDE is elliptic

Correct Answer: a, c .

Solution:
Consider the PDE

𝑢𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑢𝑥 − 2𝑢𝑦 = 0

𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 = 9 − 4 = 5 > 0

It implies that the given PDE is hyperbolic.

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QUESTION 6:
The PDE “ 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 + 𝑢 = 1 is parabolic type”. The given statement is

a. True
b. False

Correct Answer: a .

Solution:
Consider 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑢𝑥𝑦 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 + 𝑢 = 1

Here, 𝐴 = 1, 𝐵 = 2, 𝐶 = 1.

𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 = 4 − 4 = 0

Hence, the given PDE is parabolic and the given statement is true.
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QUESTION 7:
Let 𝐹𝑐 (𝑓) and 𝐹𝑠 (𝑓) denote the Fourier cosine and Fourier sine transform of a function 𝑓 (𝑥 )
respectively. Which of the following option(s) is (are) CORRECT?
2 ∞
a. 𝐹𝑐 [𝑓(𝑥)] = √ ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑢) cos 𝛼𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜋

2 ∞
b. 𝐹𝑐 [𝑓(𝑥)] = √𝜋 ∫0 𝑓 (𝑢) cos 𝛼𝑢 𝑑𝑢

2 ∞
c. 𝐹𝑠 [𝑓(𝑥)] = √𝜋 ∫−∞ 𝑓 (𝑢) sin 𝛼𝑢 𝑑𝑢

2 ∞
d. 𝐹𝑠 [𝑓(𝑥)] = √𝜋 ∫0 𝑓(𝑢) sin 𝛼𝑢 𝑑𝑢

Correct Answer: b, d .

Solution
The Fourier cosine transform of a function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is given by

2 ∞
̂
𝐹𝑐 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑓𝑐 (𝛼 ) = √ ∫ 𝑓(𝑢) cos 𝛼𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜋 0

The Fourier sine transform of a function 𝑓 (𝑥 ) is given by

2 ∞
̂
𝐹𝑠 [𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑓𝑠 (𝛼 ) = √ ∫ 𝑓 (𝑢) sin 𝛼𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜋 0
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QUESTION 8:
Solve 𝑢𝑡 = 3𝑢𝑥𝑥 subject to the conditions
ICS: 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0, 𝑥≥0
( )
BCS: 𝑢𝑥 0, 𝑡 = −1, 𝑡>0
𝑢 and 𝑢𝑥 both tend to zero as 𝑥 → ∞. The solution is given by the integral

1 ∞ cos 𝛼𝑥 2
a. ∫ (1 − 𝑒 3𝛼 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝛼
𝜋 0 𝛼2
2 ∞ cos 𝛼𝑥 2
b. ∫ 𝛼2 (1 − 𝑒 −3𝛼 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝛼
𝜋 0
1 ∞ cos 𝛼𝑥 2
c. ∫ 𝛼2 (1
𝜋 0
− 𝑒 −3𝛼 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝛼
2 ∞ cos 𝛼𝑥 2
d. ∫ 𝛼2 (1 − 𝑒 3𝛼 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝛼
𝜋 0

Correct Answer: b .

Solution:
The solution for

𝑢𝑡 = 𝑘𝑢𝑥𝑥 subject to the conditions (Refer notes)

ICS: 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 0, 𝑥≥0
BCS: 𝑢𝑥 (0, 𝑡) = −𝜇 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ), 𝑡>0
𝑢 and 𝑢𝑥 both tend to zero as 𝑥 → ∞.

is given by the integral

∞
2 cos 𝛼𝑥 2
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝜇 ∫ 2
(1 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝛼 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝛼
𝜋 0 𝛼

Here, 𝑘 = 3 and 𝜇 = 1. Thus, the solution of the given differential equation is

2 ∞ cos 𝛼𝑥 2
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = ∫ 2
(1 − 𝑒 −3𝛼 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝛼
𝜋 0 𝛼
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QUESTION 9:
Solve
𝜕2𝑢 𝜕2𝑢
= 4 , −∞ <𝑥 <∞
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑥 2
1
ICS: 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞, 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 0, −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
1+𝑥 2
BCs: 𝑢 and 𝑢𝑥 both tends to zero as |𝑥 | → ∞. The solution is

1 1
a. [1+(𝑥+2𝑡)2 + 1+(𝑥−2𝑡)2 ]
1 1 1
b. [ + 1+(𝑥−2𝑡)2 ]
2 1+(𝑥+2𝑡)2
1 1 1
c. [ − 1+(𝑥−2𝑡)2 ]
2 1+(𝑥+2𝑡)2
1 1
d. [1+(𝑥+2𝑡)2 − 1+(𝑥−2𝑡)2 ]

Correct Answer: b .

Solution:
The solution of the wave equation

𝜕2𝑢 2
𝜕2𝑢
= 𝑐 , −∞ <𝑥 < ∞
𝜕𝑡 2 𝜕𝑥 2
ICS: 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 𝑓 (𝑥 ), −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞, 𝑢𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 0, −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞
BCs: 𝑢 and 𝑢𝑥 both tends to zero as |𝑥 | → ∞.

is known as the D’Alembert’s solution and is given by (Refer notes)

1
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = [𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑐𝑡) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑐𝑡)]
2
Here, 𝑐 = 2. Thus, our solution of the given PDE is

1 1 1
𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = [ 2
+ ]
2 1 + (𝑥 + 2𝑡) 1 + (𝑥 − 2𝑡)2
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QUESTION 10:
Which of the following function(s) satisfy the Laplace equation?

a. 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
b. 𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑦) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑦
c. 𝑤(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
d. 𝑧(𝑥, 𝑦) = sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥

Correct Answer: c, d .

Solution:
The Laplace equation is 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 0.

a. 𝑢𝑥𝑥 + 𝑢𝑦𝑦 = 2 + 2 = 4. The function does not satisfy the Laplace equation.
b. 𝑣𝑥𝑥 + 𝑣𝑦𝑦 = −sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑦. The function does not satisfy the Laplace equation.
c. 𝑤𝑥𝑥 + 𝑤𝑦𝑦 = 2 − 2 = 0. The function satisfy the Laplace equation.
d. 𝑧𝑥𝑥 + 𝑧𝑦𝑦 = 0. The function satisfy the Laplace equation.