Topic 1. Core Value in Professional Nurse

TOPIC 1
CORE VALUE IN PROFESSIONAL

NURSING
NS. DWI NOVRIANDA, S.KEP., M.KEP.
COURSE: ENGLISH 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
After completing this course, students will be able to:

• Describe value of nursing
• Explain the change of nursing value in the past several years
• Identify factors influence the value of nursing
• Explain the implication for nursing in a global context
WHY VALUE IS IMPORTANT IN NURSING ?
• Nursing as a social/work/professional role would assist policy making in healthcare and
healthcare education.
• It is well recognised that levels of salary are not always critical factors in choice of profession and
subsequent job-satisfaction.
• With the continuing change in status and role of the nurse, the profession needs to question the
direction in which it is heading, decipher its core values and reach some agreement about the
moral nursing values of practice.
• It is of profound interest to the profession as a whole to continue to examine the ways in which the
values in nursing are portrayed, and whether these are subject to change globally.
WHAT IS VALUE ???
VALUE OF NURSING
• Value indicates what is important, worthwhile and worth striving for.
• It has often been suggested that individual achievement and materialism are major values in western industrial
society.
• Like norms, values vary from society to society.
• Haralambos and Holborrn give examples of western society’s values placed on human life as expressed in terms of the
norms associated with hygiene (in the home), of settling arguments or disputes without violence, protecting life and limb and
the many safety regulations in the workplace.
• Lawton suggests that values are also beliefs that are considered to be socially and personally desirable and therefore
are recognised as being important in organisations.
• Hewison adds that societal, organisational and personal values all influence the way people operate in large institutions.
VALUE COULD BE …
• SOCIALLY USEFUL/USELESS, • REQUIRING CERTAIN (NAMED) VIRTUES/NOT

• PRESTIGIOUS/LOW-STATUS, REQUIRING CERTAIN (NAMED) VIRTUES,
• SUPPORTED/UNSUPPORTED,
• FULFILLING/UNFULFILLING,
• SKILLFUL/UNSKILLED, • AUTONOMOUS/DEPENDENT AND SO
FORTH.
• RESPECTED/DISRESPECTED,
• OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCEMENT/DEAD-
END,
THE ROLE OF THE NURSE
Nursing = caring for the sick and ‘lame’

• Having to deal with and adapt to a variety of situations and events including
caring for people with long term illness and conditions, people at the end of life;
• Provide health promotion
• Fundamental care such as bathing, comforting, and assisting patients and its
relatives
Henderson defined the unique function of the nurse as ‘to assist the individual,
sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to the health or
its recovery (or peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the
necessary strength, will or knowledge.
THE CONCEPT OF VALUE
• Values are determined by person’s beliefs and actions.

• They can also be seen as being a much more fundamental part of human existence, with
values directing the priorities we live by and shape our being in the world.
• The values of nursing -- ‘respect’ and ‘caring’ -- they are the ‘essence of the profession’.
• Within caring there is a philosophy of ‘moral commitment towards protecting human
dignity and preserving humanity’
THE CONCEPT OF VALUE
• Values are determinants of social behaviour,

• It is important to understand the connection between personal values and job
descriptions, especially if good outcomes are to be achieved.
• Values influence job satisfaction, motivation and commitment, and consciously or
unconsciously, values affect the way people act in their personal and professional
lives.
VALUES AND CULTURE
• A person’s culture has a large bearing on what value system he or she may adhere to since it
shapes the ideas, values and belief systems to which a person is committed
• Culture – geographical, historical, societal, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions
• American culture is linked to individualism and self reliance, whereby an individual’s rights are
more important than those of society.
• Other cultures practice collectivism, whereby the need of society outweighs that of the individual.
• Hence, a person’s individual value system emerges from the culture he or she associates with.
• Wros & doutrich highlight that Japanese and American nurses hold common values that are
‘woven into the fabric of their patient care; they also have many practices that are based on their
cultural background and reveal the heterogeneity of nursing across the two cultures’.
• All nursing codes have values embodied in them.
• In the United Kingdom, registered nurses are required to follow the code of professional conduct.
• Interestingly, Japan and the USA have similar membership codes for nurses and therefore should
subscribe to the same values.
• However, Japanese nurses value continuity, homogeneity, harmony, self-sacrifice and hard work,
whereas USA nurses focus on control, diversity, patient treatment choice and self-protection.
• For many years, Japanese (and Chinese) nurses were nurtured on textbooks of American and
British bioethics with little consideration of difference in culture.
MORAL VALUES AND THE IMPACT ON NURSING
• Moral values is that they are ‘concerned with or relating to human behaviour,
especially the distinction between good and bad or right and wrong
behaviour’.
• The impact of Moral values :
1. The way of nurses think and act -- patient care.
2. Conflict can occur when values differ - stress, anxiety, burn-out and even
resignation - impact on the organisation - poor patient care and the failure
to meets standards and targets.
• Naden and Eriksson study that Specific values found were courage,
responsibility, respect, obligation, and moral attitude. Moral attitude leads to
values being realised and can result in patients feeling positive about the care
they receive.
• Nortvedt emphasized the importance of empathy and altruistic feelings in
nursing and saw them as moral judgments stating that, ‘values can be actualized
to a large extent through a moral attitude that is characterized by sensitive and
careful communication.’
• The understanding and concordance of moral values are therefore vital for the
whole healthcare environment.
• Nurses’ values are linked to factors contributing to job satisfaction or
dissatisfaction.
PERSONAL VALUES
• Personal value systems influence professional lifestyle  affect the actions they
(nurses) take
• Strong value system – they will tend not to conform to conditions with which they
disagree – change the way in which nurses practice
• From a nursing management prospective – beneficial – as a tool for managers:
a. Improve worker production
b. Assist in team performance and cohesion
c. Aid in performance counselling
ORGANISATIONAL VALUE
• INTEGRITY A variety of individual

value systems
• RESPECT
• CUSTOMER FOCUS
• INVOLVEMENT A range of individual
professional goals and
• QUALITY targets
• CREATIVITY/ INNOVATION
• ACCOUNTABILITY Healthcare organisations
and systems
• FAIRNESS
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VALUE OF NURSING
• DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
• WORLDWIDE MIGRATION
• CHANGES IN DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERNS Changes in
Form and
cultural
influence values
• VARYING FERTILITY RATES diversity
• INCREASED NUMBERS OF MULTIRACIAL AND
MULTIETHNIC INDIVIDUALS
• CULTURES OF A HOSPITAL
DEFINITIONS OF CORE PROFESSIONAL NURSING
VALUES
• Altruism refers to the concern for the welfare and well being of others. It is the expression of selfless concern
for others when there is no obvious reward to be gained for oneself, except the belief someone else will
benefit or avoid harm.
• Autonomy refers to the right to self-determination and self-direction, even amid challenges, obstacles, and
disadvantages.
• Human dignity refers to having respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals, families, and
communities and characterizes ail interactions a nurse should have with them. In the academic setting human
dignity refers to the individual's learning needs, strengths, deficits, and goals of each student.
• Integrity refers to nurses acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of
practice.
• Social justice refers to upholding moral, legal and humanistic principles. It serves as the underpinning for how
decisions are made in terms of the equitable distribution and allocation of health care services and resources
such as education and having a safe workplace.
(Data from: aacn (1998); gormley (1996); farenwald, et al. (2006); boudain (2000).

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TOPIC 1

CORE VALUE IN PROFESSIONAL

After completing this course, students will be able to:

• SOCIALLY USEFUL/USELESS, • REQUIRING CERTAIN (NAMED) VIRTUES/NOT

Nursing = caring for the sick and ‘lame’

• Values are determined by person’s beliefs and actions.

• Values are determinants of social behaviour,

• INTEGRITY A variety of individual

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