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    How To Write Your Assignment

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    Ahmed Tarek
    The document provides guidance on how to write an assignment for medical students. It discusses reviewing literature, searching for medical topics, items to consider when reading topics, preparing for writing, using a four draft approach, writing paragraphs, avoiding dishonesty such as plagiarism, referencing styles, and examples of plagiarism detection tools. The key steps outlined are reviewing literature sources instead of only using internet searches, preparing an outline, using a four draft process to write, and properly citing and referencing all information to avoid plagiarism.

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    How To Write Your Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Tarek
    57 views29 pages
    The document provides guidance on how to write an assignment for medical students. It discusses reviewing literature, searching for medical topics, items to consider when reading topics, preparing for writing, using a four draft approach, writing paragraphs, avoiding dishonesty such as plagiarism, referencing styles, and examples of plagiarism detection tools. The key steps outlined are reviewing literature sources instead of only using internet searches, preparing an outline, using a four draft process to write, and properly citing and referencing all information to avoid plagiarism.

    Original Title

    Medical Terminology Intro

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    The document provides guidance on how to write an assignment for medical students. It discusses reviewing literature, searching for medical topics, items to consider when reading topics, preparing for writing, using a four draft approach, writing paragraphs, avoiding dishonesty such as plagiarism, referencing styles, and examples of plagiarism detection tools. The key steps outlined are reviewing literature sources instead of only using internet searches, preparing an outline, using a four draft process to write, and properly citing and referencing all information to avoid plagiarism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views29 pages

    How To Write Your Assignment

    Uploaded by

    Ahmed Tarek
    The document provides guidance on how to write an assignment for medical students. It discusses reviewing literature, searching for medical topics, items to consider when reading topics, preparing for writing, using a four draft approach, writing paragraphs, avoiding dishonesty such as plagiarism, referencing styles, and examples of plagiarism detection tools. The key steps outlined are reviewing literature sources instead of only using internet searches, preparing an outline, using a four draft process to write, and properly citing and referencing all information to avoid plagiarism.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 29

    HOW

    TO WRITE YOUR ASSIGNMENT


    Basic skills for a doctor
    • English reading and writing
    Exhausts your effort to improve your English speaking, reading
    and writing
    • Computer skills
    We are going to the era of the importance of rapid and efficient
    getting information is more important than remembering the
    information
    Intended learning outcomes
    •  Review the literature
    •  Search for a medical topic
    •  Items to be answered when you read a topic
    •  Prepare for writing
    •  Four draft approach for speed writing
    •  Paragraph writing
    •  Dishonesty in scientific writing
    •  Styling and refrrances
    •  Assignment
    Review the literature

    •  When you are confronted with an assignment or scientific essay to write

    •  We usually search the internet to find relevant information

    •  However what you find on the internet is not always correct , most of the
    gathered information is commercial funded by drug and pharmaceutical
    companies

    •  Students , should be aware, where , how to find relevant information

    •  What is scientific and what is commercial

    •  Otherwise , you are going to write a meaningless essay.


    Search for a medical topic?
    •  Google scholar
    •  EKB.EG
    •  E-medicine
    •  Up-to-date
    •  Pub-med
    •  Science-direct
    Items to be answered when you read a topic
    •  What is the problem ?
    •  What is the relevance of this problem ( size and effect)?
    •  What is the available information?
    •  What do you hope to achieve by your study, search or review?
    •  What additional data are needed to meet the objectives ( missing points you want
    to answer)?
    •  What is the expected outcome and how much it is useful?
    •  What are the principal findings Strength and weakness of the study.
    •  How does the article compare in relation to other studies, discussing particularly
    any differences in results.
    •  Possible mechanism and implications for clinicians or policy makers.
    •  Unanswered questions and future research.
    Prepare for writing
    •  Make an ‘outline’ describing what you want say
    •  Decide what objectives you will address and what information you wish to
    present.
    •  Think about your readers ( Who going to read your article)
    •  Decide what materials you will need to have on hand to write the report.
    •  You should assemble all necessary information before you start to write.
    •  This includes preparation of all of your figures and tables.
    •  Now you are ready to start writing!
    The “four drafts” approach to speed writing

    Do not copy and paste from the internet ( this is the biggest mistake)
    Draft 1 –this is the ‘outlining’ stage. In this draft I list down the items ypu are
    going to cover , including headings and subheadings if there

    Draft 2 – This is the ‘brainstorming’ draft. The idea here is simply to dump all
    your thoughts and ideas. Don’t worry about sentence order, grammar,
    spelling or punctuation – that will just slow you down and interrupt the
    creative flow.
    The “four drafts” approach to speed writing

    Draft 3 – this is the ‘sifting and sorting’ stage


    •  where the first seeds of paragraphs germinate, grow and flourish.
    •  First, go through everything you dumped during the brainstorming session(s) and
    collect ‘like’ ideas into groupings.
    •  Next, start thinking about topic sentences for these groupings.
    •  Then, flesh out the supporting facts into full blown sentences.
    •  Organize these supporting sentences into a logical order under their respective topic
    sentences.
    •  Don’t waste any time trying to get the wording absolutely perfect
    The “four drafts” approach to speed writing

    Draft 4 the ‘preening, tidying’ draft.


    •  Proofing
    •  Styling
    •  Grammar check
    •  spelling and punctuation.
    Paragraph writing
    •  Top Sentence + Supporting facts

    •  No paragraph consist of one sentence

    •  Each paragraph should speak about a separate idea

    •  Big ideas may be discussed in more than one paragraph

    •  Each paragraph should logically leads to the next, readers should expect
    what they are going to see in the next paragraph

    •  Each fact or information should be referenced , that means we should


    write who said that and when
    Paragraph writing
    •  Avoid emotion in scientific papers 'Great importance', 'significant conclusions'
    and similar expressions should be restrained.

    •  'Instead of announcing that what you are about to tell is interesting, make it
    so'.

    •  When you write’ we were surprised' or 'unexpected result' admits lack of


    knowledge.

    •  If you list arguments, causes or consequences as 'first, ... second, ...' don't call
    the last 'finally'. You can rarely be certain the subject is closed . Of course we
    hope - but privately, not in a scientific paper.

    •  Sit-up a time table


    Dishonesty in writing scientific research
    Dishonesty in writing scientific research
    • Fraud: is a deception, deliberately practiced in order
    to secure unfair or unlawful gain. Turning in someone
    else's writing as your own; inventing statistics or
    s o u r c e s t h a t d o n o t e x i s t ; f a l s i f y i n g
    evidence ....... ....,.etc are all considered fraud.

    ‫ يعتبر الباحث او الطالب مرتكبا لالحتيال االكادميي اذا‬: ‫• االحتيال االكادميي‬


    ‫ يندرج حتت االحتيال كذلك‬.‫قدم عمل شخص اخر على انه عمله اخلاص‬
    ‫اختراع بيانات او إحصاءات أو مصادر علمية ال وجود لها او تزوير نتائج‬
    .‫بحثية‬
    Dishonesty in writing scientific research
    •  Plagiarism is the theft of other people’s words and ideas. Plagiarism
    happens when you claim (or appear to claim) that an idea, or the
    expression of it, is your own when in fact it is someone else’s. This
    either Intentional (deliberate) or unintentional (accidental).

    ‫ االنتحال يحدث عندما تدعي(أو يبدو انك‬.‫ هو سرقة كلمات اوأفكار اآلخرين‬: ‫االنتحال االكادميي‬
    ‫هو خاص بك بينما هو في واقع األمر ملك شخص‬، ‫أو التعبير عن هذة الفكرة‬، ‫تدعي) أن فكرة‬
    .‫ عرضي‬-‫متعمد أو عن غير قصد‬-‫ هذا إماعن قصد‬.‫آخر‬

    Dishonesty in writing scientific research

    •  The word plagiarize actually comes from the Latin plagiare—to
    kidnap. When you plagiarize, you’re taking (or kidnapping)
    someone else’s work.

    •  Plagiarism is also defined as “The use of another author's


    language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions, and the
    representation of them as one's own original work “(Ref:
    From the Oxford English Dictionary)
    Dishonesty in writing scientific research
    Causes of plagiarism
    •  Many researchers believe that taking whole paragraphs from
    different papers and including them in their writing is ok as long as
    they mention the references.
    •  Poor time management and writing under stress.
    •  Immature writing skills.
    •  Intentional!!....
    Dishonesty in writing scientific research

    Examples of Plagiarism…
    —  Copying and pasting text from online encyclopedias
    —  Copying and pasting text from any web site
    —  Using photographs, video or audio without permission or acknowledgement
    —  Using another author’s or your parents’ work and claiming it as your own
    even with permission
    —  Using your own work without properly citing it!
    Dishonesty in writing scientific research

    How to Avoid Plagiarism…


    1.  Begin the writing process by stating your ideas; then go back to the
    author's original work.

    2.  To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit (i.e. to mention


    references) whenever you use another person’s idea, opinion, or
    theory.

    3.  You take any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings or any pieces of
    information in your own research writing.
    How to Avoid Plagiarism…
    4.  If you are going to take the exact words from another source use quotation
    marks and then credit the source (author)
    5.  If you are going to take a scientific fact from a research article, write it in your
    own words not the exact copy of the authors words…this is called “Paraphrasing”.
    ….of course this should not change the scientific fact.
    6.  Even when you paraphrase another author's writings, you must give credit to that
    author.

    •  Examples of plagiarism detection servers and software
    •  http://www.ithenticate.com/
    •  http://www.plagscan.com/
    •  http://searchenginereports.net/
    •  http://www.duplichecker.com/
    Style and reffrances
    •  The text must be clear. Good grammar and thoughtful writing will make the thesis
    easier to read. Scientific writing has to be a little formal
    •  Some use : "at this point in time" instead of "now" precisely because it takes longer
    to convey the same meaning. THIS IS WRONG !
    References
    •  Check carefully. Photocopy the first page of
    every reference cited.

    •  In biomedical sciences, there are two major


    styles for citing the references: the Harvard
    system and the Vancouver system.

    The Vancouver system has been adopted in


    the “Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts
    Submitted to Biomedical Journals” by the
    International Committee of Medical Journal
    Editors
    Harvard:
    •  ABRAMS, P., CARDOZO, L., FALL, M., GRIFFITHS, D., ROSIER, P., ULMSTEN, U., VAN
    KERREBROECK, P., VICTOR, A. & WEIN, A. 2003. The standardization of terminology
    in lower urinary tract function: report from the standardization sub-committee of
    the International Continence Society. Urology, 61, 37-49.

    •  Vancouver:
    •  Abrams P, Cardozo L, Fall M, Griffiths D, Rosier P, Ulmsten U, et al. The
    standardization of terminology in lower urinary tract function: report from the
    standardization sub-committee of the International Continence Society. Urology.
    2003 Jan;61(1):37-49.
    The Purpose of the
    Reference Section
    •  The reference section provides details about authorship
    and publication for materials cited in the article.
    •  The citations lead readers to the information you found.
    Reference Styles
    •  Follow citation style used by the journal
    •  Journals use a variety of styles
    •  Journals include their styles in the author’s
    guidelines
    •  Can also determine style by looking at
    articles in journal
    Assignment
    •  Each group ( 5 students) should prepare two documents and upload them online
    through the e-learning system
    •  1st- document is a one page essay that discuss on of the bellow topics , no more
    than 30 lines consists of at least 3 paragraphs
    •  2nd Document: is a power point presentation that summarize one of the bellow
    topics in no more than 10 slides , examples will be presented tomorrow and the
    whole will be uploaded
    •  The above document will be marked as year work
    •  Do not forget to write your names on the cover page of the presentation and
    essay.
    •  Good luck
    Assignment
    •  Topics :
    •  How to study Medicine
    •  Competing fatigue during study
    •  Fear of public speaking
    •  Critical thinking skills
    •  Dress code for doctors
    •  Use social media as a medical student
    •  Time management strategy
    •  Fast reading skills
    •  Changing the way of thinking
    THANK YOU
    •  GOOD LUCK

    •  Omar M Shaaban ([email protected])


    •  Ahmed A Sobh ([email protected])
    •  Emad Zaref ([email protected])
    •  Huessen Elkhyat([email protected])

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