NAME: Concepcion, Jamaica P.

Date: September 13, 2021

ACTIVITY 1: MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

1. Engineering Materials

The selection of a material from which a product can be manufactured is

determined by:

• The conditions under which the product is to be used, i.e. the service
requirements. This dictates the properties required of a material.
• The methods proposed for the manufacture of the product.
• The price of the material and its availability and the cost of making the
product.

1.1 Properties of Materials

Materials selection for a product is based upon a consideration of the

properties required. This includes:

 Mechanical Properties.
These includes such properties as density, and the properties displayed
when a force is applied to a material, e.g. yield strength, strength, stiffness,
hardness, toughness, etc.

 Electrical Properties.
These are the properties displayed when the material is used in electrical
circuits or electrical components and include resistivity, conductivity and
resistance to electrical breakdown.

 Magnetic Properties.
These are relevant when the material is used as, for example, a magnet or
part of an electrical component such as and inductor which relies on such
properties.

 Thermal Properties.
These are the properties displayed when there is a heat input to a material
and include expansivity and heat capacity.

 Optical Properties.
These include transparency.
  Surface Properties.
These are, for example, relevant in considerations of abrasion and wear,
corrosion and solvent resistance.

 Aesthetic Properties.
These include appearance, texture and the feel of a material.

1.2 Laboratory Activity:

A. Identify the parts and materials used for each of the following illustrations:

1. A saucepan: What is it used for?

A saucepan is a deep stovetop pan with a long handle and a lid, which is
generally included. A saucepan is a cooking container that is often used on top of a
range to heat meals and/or reduce sauces. It is suitable for making anything with a high
liquid content. This makes it great for stewing, simmering, preparing soups, and,
predictably, producing sauces such as pasta sauce. You may use a saucepan to boil
the sauce or the pasta from the macaroni and cheese box.

What are the materials used?

Saucepans are made of a sturdy material that is heat responsive, such
as: 
 Aluminum
 stainless steel
 cast iron
 copper
 non-stick coating like Teflon,
 enamel-coated metal

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual

 What are the properties considered in the material selection?
 Thermal Properties
 Physical Properties

2. A dust pan and a brush: What is it used for?

A dustpan is a small flat container, whereas a brush is a cleaning tool with a long
handle that is commonly used in every household. A brush is used to sweep dirt off of
floors, while a dustpan is used to scoop dirt and trash off the floor. It's used by laying it
flat on the floor and brushing dirt and dust into it. Dustpans and brushes are great for
larger items that a vacuum cleaner can't handle, such as spilt pasta or broken glass.

What are the materials used?

Dustpan is made of flat, malleable polypropylene which means it can be made
into a living hinge, a piece of material that can bend repeatedly without breaking while
brushes are common tools that have bristles, nylon, wire, or other filaments in them.
Brushes with synthetic bristles are the most prevalent. Wire, nylon, and polyester are
commonly used.

What are the properties considered in the material selection?

 Mechanical Properties
 Plasticity

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual

 3. A glass: What is it used for?
It is a drinking container that is used by humans to drink water, juice, and other
beverages.

What are the materials used?

Glass is made from natural and abundant raw materials such as sand, soda ash
that acts as flux to lower the melting point of the sand and the limestone as stabilizer to
make the finished glass less water-soluble.

What are the properties considered in the material selection?

 Mechanical Properties
 Brittleness
 Optical Properties
 Transparency

4. A light bulb: What is it used for?

A light bulb produces light from electricity. They may be used for a variety of
functions, including lighting a dark room, indicating that an electrical item is turned on,
directing traffic, providing heat, and much more. It is the most common source of
artificial light, and it is used to light up homes, automobiles, and torches. The light bulb
consists of three main parts which are the filament, the glass bulb and the base of the
light bulb.

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual

 What are the materials used?
The three materials needed to create a light bulb are the metal (tungsten
metal for the filament) glass and inert gas (most commonly, Argon gas, but other
gasses can also be used).

What are the properties considered in the material selection?

 Electrical Properties
 Controlled by an electric current
 Mechanical Properties
 Brittleness
 Optical Properties
 Transparency

B. Outdoor Activity: Look around your vicinity, identify five products and identify the
materials used and their respective properties.

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual

1. Identify your chosen items and its functions.
2. What are the materials used in making these products?
3. What are the properties considered in choosing the materials for the product?
4. Why do you think these properties are important in manufacturing your chosen
products?

ANSWERS:

I. A knife

Functions

A knife is a tool with a handle and a sharp-edged

blade, which may or may not be sharp. It is used for
activities such as cutting, chopping, dicing, slicing, mincing,
peeling, separating of foods such as fruits, meat, fish and
etc.

What are the materials used in making these

products?

A knife's blade is made of a variety of

materials the most common are carbon steel,
stainless steel, tool steel, and alloy steel. Cobalt and
titanium alloys, ceramics, obsidian, and plastic are
some of the less common materials used in knife
blade.
What are the properties considered in choosing the materials for the product?
 Physical Properties
 Mechanical Properties

II. A chair

Functions

A piece of furniture that accommodates one

sitting or reclining person while offering back and
frequently arm support and stands on four legs. The
purpose of a chair is to assist one in achieving and
maintaining such a posture.

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual

 What are the materials used in making these products?

Polypropylene is a vital property for any material used for manufacturing a

monoblack chair. Polypropylene is a strong material that can withstand a lot of force
without bending, breaking, shattering, or deforming in any manner. It's a pigmented
thermoplastic, so the color isn't only on the surface. It is light in weight, making it easy to
carry and transport chairs. This design may be simply stacked and stored in a small
area. This sort of chair did not require additional maintenance.
What are the properties considered in choosing the materials for the product?
 Physical Properties
 Mechanical Properties
 Plasticity
III. A rice cooker
Functions
A rice cooker is a type of electric kitchen
equipment. It automatically prepares the rice, knowing
that when the rice reaches the correct temperature, it
will transition from a cooking mode to a warming
mode. All the cook needs to do is add the ingredients
and turn on the cooker. When the rice is done, the
cooker will keep it warm, and it may also be used to
reheat the rice. Image result for rice cooker function
Rice cookers is capable of cooking more than simply
rice. The device may be used to prepare dishes such as ribs, chili, and pizza. Other
grains, such as barley or quinoa, can also be cooked in rice cookers. In a rice cooker,
you may also make breakfast items such as oatmeal or pancakes.
What are the materials used in making these products?
There are two parts to a typical rice cooker: the main body and the inner pot. This
inner pot is typically constructed of metal (aluminum ingots), stainless steel or cast iron
and has a non-stick coating on the top. The nonstick coating protects the rice from
becoming burned or crispy.
What are the properties considered in choosing the materials for the product?
 Thermal Properties
 Good conductor of heat
 Electrical Properties
 Conduct by electric current

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual

IV. A electric fan
Functions
Electric fans are intended to keep interior
temperatures stable. During hot and humid summer
days, they are often used to increase air circulation
throughout a home.
What are the materials used in making these
products?
 All carbon steel grades
 All stainless steels and plastic
 Nickel-based alloys
 Titanium Monel Aluminum

What are the properties considered in choosing the materials for the product?
 Physical Properties
 Electrical Properties
 Used electric current to function

V. Blender
Functions
A blender (sometimes known as a mixer or
liquidiser) is a kitchen and laboratory appliance used
to combine, smash, purée, or emulsify food and
other substances. A stationary blender is made up of
a blender container with a spinning metal blade at
the bottom that is driven by an electric motor located
in the base.
What are the materials used in making these
products?
Considering stainless steel is sanitary and
corrosion-resistant, most mixers are made of it.
Other materials that may be used include
aluminum, cast iron, steel, titanium, and thermoplastic.

What are the properties considered in choosing the materials for the product?
 Electrical Properties
 Used electric current to function
 Physical Properties

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual

 Why do you think these properties are important in manufacturing your
chosen products?

The properties are important in manufacturing the given products is for us to

know its different characteristics such as the strength, durability, toughness and etc. It
greatly helps us to be knowledgeable on what are the used materials of a product so
that we are aware of where it should be used because there are chances that we have
products at home that we do not know the materials used there so we neglect that
sometimes it has a rusting effect.

For example, Mechanical properties are important in manufacturing the chair just
like monoblack to determine the range of usefulness or utility of a material and establish
the service life that can be expected. Through this, it allows us to measure how
materials respond when subjected to load. The chair, like the function that I said before,
is used as a resting place for a person, so you need be familiar with its materials and
properties so that you can be confident that the materials used is durable since heavy or
a lot of force will be applied to it.

IE 2 - Industrial Materials and Processes Laboratory Manual