Coursebook Answer Key: Unit 1
Coursebook Answer Key: Unit 1
1
© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015
Coursebook answer key
b Could you tell us something 3 False (Rhona says ‘I mean, phrases like ‘I haven’t
about the different ways you we can choose whichever decided yet’.
use computers? ones we want’)
Review – page 19
c What do you think about 4 True (Alex says ‘she had to
take maths, physics and 1 Suggested answers:
people downloading
music and videos? chemistry… no choice’) 1 primary school / secondary
What’s your opinion on 4a 1 d 2 c 3 a 4 b school / sixth form /
people downloading university / work
5 sciences option subjects
music and videos? useless primary opted crazy 2 do a subject / pass an exam
d Do you consider yourself to / leave school / do a degree
6 Students’ own answers / have a career
be computer literate?
9 Students’ own answers Listening – page 16 2 1 school leaver
1 1 suggested answer: because 2 work experience
Unit 2 hobbies like photography 3 degree
are relevant to career 4 sixth form
Vocabulary – page 14
1 1 Jo choices 3 1 A levels
2 Gemma 2 advertising 2 careers advisor
3 Dean 3 secondary school
2 1 b 2 c 3 c 4 c
4 compulsory
2 1 Gemma 3 Students’ own answers 5 vocational training
2 Jo
3 Dean Functional language – page 17 4 1 In this subject students learn
1 Asking for information: about how computers work.
3 Jo: similarities – same ICT
teachers; differences – more What do you like doing in your
independence, free periods, free time? 2 This subject teaches how
can leave school for lunch Saying what you like or are the economic system
good/bad at: I’m useless at, functions. Business studies
Gemma: similarities – wear a
uniform to work; differences I think I’ve had enough of, I’m 3 In this subject, students
– talk to adults, be polite, be really into, I’m quite good at, learn about the importance
more organized I hate of physical exercise. PE
Dean: similarities – get up Making suggestions: Maybe 4 This subject teaches
early; differences – fewer something like …? Why don’t students about their own
friends, no uniform, can eat you have a think about it? society. Citizenship
when I want Reacting to a suggestion: 5a 1 work in a school
4 1 A levels Sounds OK, I don’t know …, 2 not a
2 vocational training Cool! 3 hate exams
3 vacancies Giving advice: You should 4 have a talk about it
4 apprenticeships do …, It’s a good idea to … 6 Students’ own answers
5 1 apply for Saying something is not
2 enrol on a good idea: I wouldn’t
Unit 3
3 stay on recommend … Vocabulary – page 20
4 take on 2 Students’ own answers 1 feel homesick, different food,
miss friends, meet new people
Speaking – page 15 Final task – page 18 2 1 host family
1 Students’ own answers 1 Students’ own answers 2 hall of residence
2 Who studies nine subjects? 2 Suggested answers: 3 shared apartment
Alex 4 full board
1 She gave the impression of
Who studies four subjects? being uninterested in her 5 half board
Rhona responses and admitted that 6 self-catering
Who is studying humanities? it was her mother’s idea to 3 1 deposit
Alex apply for the job. 2 grant
Who wants to take business 2 The interviewer sounded a 3 enrolment fee
studies? Rhona bit frustrated with Maria. 4 course fees
5 balance
3 1 False (Rhona says things are 3 Show more interest in
different in her school) the job and interviewer’s Speaking – page 21
2 False (Alex says he had to questions. Give longer 1 1 host family member
choose between módulos answers and, instead of 2 Director of Studies
and bachillerato last year) saying ‘I don’t know’, use
2
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Coursebook answer key
3 language school receptionist Asking for information: What 4 Student: I was interested in
4 language student about social activities – do you some information about your
2 1 false, the student has to get have anything like that? What English classes.
their own lunch about the courses on offer? Receptionist: What would you
2 false, she deals with Could you tell me how much like to know?
questions concerning … costs?
Student: First of all I wanted
classes 2 Offering to help: What can I to know what different courses
3 true do for you? you have.
4 false Clarifying what the Receptionist: OK, so we
3 Students’ own answers customer wants: What kind have a range of courses –
4 1 great way of, prefer of accommodation were you intensive, extensive, general
2 good for thinking of? and exam classes.
3 would prefer Confirming: That’s right. Student: Oh good, I’m
4 the thing I like about Explaining what you want: interested in preparing the
5 personal space, I’d rather I’m interested in hearing about First Certificate exam.
6 most of all, I’d like the accommodation you offer. Receptionist: Fine, we have
Pronunciation Asking for information: Can First Certificate courses
a show Sarah shine see you tell me more about the starting next month. Is that a
options available? group class or individual?
Listening – page 22 Checking: Is that Brighton Student: Err, individual I think
1a How do you get to Academy? – how much is that?
Brighton? Do they arrange 3 C: Is that Brighton Academy? Receptionist: Well, individual
accommodation? classes cost €35 an hour.
R: That’s right. What can I do
1b Brighton? What is there to do for you? Student: Ah, well maybe
there? – There are a couple of group classes then.
theatres, two or three cinemas C: I’m interested in hearing
and lots of shops; there are about the accommodation Receptionist: Sure, well we
also great beaches you offer. have daily group classes on
R: What kind of our intensive programme.
Are there different courses
available? – Yes, General accommodation were you Student: How many students
English, Exam Preparation, thinking of? are in the group?
Business English, Young C: Can you tell me more about Receptionist: A maximum
Learners, Online English, the options available? of eight.
Survival English Student: That sounds great,
Final task – page 24
Number of students per thanks. I’ll think about it and
1 Students’ own answers get back to you.
group? – maximum 12 2 The boy because he asks the
How to book course? – use girl about her reasons whereas Unit 4
the school’s website the girl fails to ask him about
his reasons. Vocabulary – page 26
Contact name? – Margaret
1 1 manager
Duncan 3 Students’ own answers 2 shop assistant
2 1d 2c 3b 4d 4 Students’ own answers 3 customer
3 Students’ own answers 4 window-shopper
Review – page 25
Pronunciation 2 Dialogue 1 – newsagent
1 Accommodation – full board,
Dialogue 2 – pound shop
a hall abroad half-board four hall of residence, self-catering,
Dialogue 3 – supermarket
shared apartment, host family
Functional language – page 23 Dialogue 4 – factory outlet
Courses – Business English,
1 Offering to help: How can I 3 1 shelf
General English
help you? 2 aisle
Money – all-inclusive deposit, 3 trolley
Confirming: certainly, OK, enrolment fee, grant
sure 4 receipt
People – Director of studies, 4 1 Second floor, electrical
Explaining what you want: group class, receptionist,
How many hours of classes appliances
room-mate 2 First floor, menswear
are there per day? I’m …
interested in a group class 3 /s/ – study course 3 Ground floor, audio
/ʃ/ – fashion attention English 4 Lower ground floor, food hall
session 5 Third floor, furniture
3
© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015
Coursebook answer key
6 second floor, kitchenware 6 True. Paul says that he C: When I plug them in there’s
7 Ground floor, accessories secretly recorded his a loud buzz and the sound
conversations ‘to test the quality’s terrible. 4
Speaking – page 27 honesty of shop assistants SA: It sounds like some
1 1 lift … to see if they would give type of loose connection.
2 checkout us our money back’. Would you like them repaired
3 meeting point 3 1 Paul says that he tried a or would you prefer an
2 1 Excuse me, could you tell couple of different memory exchange? 5
me where the cameras are? cards and the same thing C: Well actually I’d like my
2 Cameras? They’ll be in happened. As such, he money back. 6
electrical appliances – take concludes the problem must
SA: I see. Have you got the
that escalator over there. be with the camera.
receipt? 7
3 Hi, would you like any help? 2 Because he doesn’t want
C: Yes, here it is. 8
4 No, I’m just looking thanks. to wait for the camera to be
repaired. SA: I’m afraid we can’t give
3 1 False. The shop assistant you a cash refund – you
says the Fuji camera is 3 The shop assistant says
bought them more than 15
easier to carry. that he can only give a cash
days ago. I could give you
refund if the product was
2 False. The shop assistant a credit note – that way you
bought in the last 15 days.
tells the customer to bring can buy something else in
the camera back if there are 4 No. The shop assistant the store. 9
any problems wanted to avoid giving a cash
C: Oh, OK – well I’ll take that
refund by trying to convince
4 1 cheaper then if I can’t have cash. 10
Paul to get the camera
2 lighter repaired. Then he tried to 5 Students’ own answers
3 bigger convince Paul to take a credit
4 more modern Pronunciation
note instead of a cash refund.
5 Students’ own answers c Interested, polite /
Functional language – page 29 uninterested, doubtful / bored,
Pronunciation 1 1 This product is faulty. / When unfriendly
a ‘l’ I turn it on nothing happens.
/ It doesn’t do anything. / I Final task – page 30
b book, cook, wood, good, put,
can’t hear anything. 2 Students’ own answers
full, pull
2 Try rebooting it. / We can Review – page 31
Listening – page 28 send it off to be repaired. 1 Suggested answers
1 1 cash refund / We can give you a credit
2 receipt 1 newsagent, factory outlet,
note. / It could be the
3 guarantee pound shop
battery.
4 exchange 2 accessories, kitchenware,
3 This isn’t good enough. / I
5 credit note perfumery
want something done about
2 1 False. Vanessa introduces it. / No really, I’d like my 3 shelf, aisle, trolley
Paul as ‘a consumer rights money back. / I’m really not 2 1 receipt
champion’ and says that he too happy about this. 2 guarantee
has ‘won an award for his 3 cash refund
4 What’s wrong with it? / What
efforts to protect customers’. 4 exchange
seems to be the problem?
2 False. Paul says that the 5 credit note
2 1 interested
problem is ‘not just the fault 3 would, full, pool, could, two
2 surprised
of consumers’, it is ‘made schools
3 bored
worse by shop workers who
4 doubtful 4 1a I think it’s the motor, b It’s
sometimes try to confuse
5 amazed not working properly;
the consumer’.
3 Students’ own answers c There’s a problem with
3 False. Paul says that ‘the the sound.
supplier – and that means 4 SA: Good morning. Can I
help you? 1 2a I’m really not too happy
the shop – has a duty to
about this; b I’d like my
respond to the customer’. C: Yes, I bought these
money back; c Well, I’d like
4 True. Paul says ‘the shop speakers last month and
a cash refund actually.
has to help’. they’re not working
properly. 2 3a We can give you a credit
5 True. Paul says that the way note; b We can send it off
the shop responds ‘depends SA: What seems to be the
to be repaired; c Would
on what the shop’s policy is’. trouble? 3
you like an exchange?
4
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Coursebook answer key
4 learner driver, dangerous 3 1 turn left down the road till you get to
driver, fully-qualified driver, 2 take the first right Brighton Street. 2
driving licence, driving test, 3 go straight up Visitor: OK and then what? 3
driving lessons 4 across
Tourist officer: Turn right into
5 the road round
Speaking – page 57 Brighton Street and then you
6 on your right
2 1 don’t think need the second, no third
2 live Final task – page 60 street on the left – I think it’s
3 great 1 Speaker B called Goodall Avenue. 4
4 I’m not 2 Hi, can you tell me the fastest Visitor: Brightwell Street? 5
5 would be way to the airport? Tourist officer: No Brighton
6 more Street. 6
Is this the way to the train
3 1 b 2 c 3 a station please? Visitor: Sorry, was that the
4 Students’ own answers 3 Suggested answer: third on the left or the right? 7
Pronunciation Student A: What’s the fastest Tourist officer: The left. Go
way to the Puerta del Sol straight down Goodall Avenue
b same number of syllables to the end and it’s right
played, learned, bored, please? Excuse me, can you
tell me the best way to the opposite. 8
studied, frightened
Retiro Park? Visitor: Is there anywhere to
extra final syllable park? 9
started, visited, excited Student B: Go out of the
museum, turn right, go straight Tourist officer: Yes, there’s a
Listening – page 58 up Paseo del Prado, take the big car park on the far side of
1 1 Roman Baths second left into Plaza de las the cinema. 10
2 Theatre Royal Cortes, go straight on into Visitor: Great, thanks very
3 Assembly Rooms Carrera de San Jerónimo, much. 11
4 Bath Abbey keep straight on into Puerta Tourist officer: No problem.
del Sol. 12
2 1 83,000
Go out of the museum, turn 6 Students’ own answers
2 The Romans
left and go straight on. That
3 Six metres below street level brings you to the Paseo del Unit 10
4 They are now a Fashion Prado. Turn right and go
Museum straight down, you’ll see the Prepare to … describe a photo
Park on your left. – pages 62–63
5 They describe many of the
places that modern visitors 4 Students’ own answers 1 Suggested answers:
can still see today. 5 Students’ own answers chubby cheeks B wrinkles A
6 Bath was selected as a twinkling brown eye B wavy
UNESCO World Heritage site Review – page 61 blond hair A laughter lines A
in 1987. 1 1 driving instructor 2 hair features: shoulder-length
3 1 Visitor 1 is visiting Bath 2 traffic lights / balding / cropped / straight /
Abbey. 3 bus lane wavy
4 full driving licence build: a bit overweight / curvy /
2 Visitor 2 is visiting the 5 fine
Roman Baths. slim / well-built
2 1 having driving lessons age: middle-aged / in her
3 Visitor 3 is visiting the 2 theory test
Theatre Royal. teens / a toddler / in his late
3 took the practical test twenties / elderly
Functional language – page 59 4 full driving licence
distinguishing features: a mole
2 Suggested answers: 3 Started (2 syllables); passed / a piercing / freckles / a tattoo
(1 syllable); failed (1 syllable);
Imperatives – turn left / go up 3 Students’ own answers
helped (1 syllable); delighted
Southgate 4 The speaker …
(3 syllables)
Imperative with prepositions of
4 /t/ /d/ – passed, failed, helped, describes what the people
movement – carry on straight look like
across / keep straight on into /Id/ – delighted
Stall Street 5 Visitor: Morning. tries to guess how old the
I’m looking for the City Cinema people are
Expressions to describe
locations – that brings you to Complex. 1 tries to guess how they’re
/ you’ll see a big junction on Tourist officer: OK, well you feeling
your right need to go out of here and tries to guess something
turn right and then carry on about their character
9
© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015
Coursebook answer key
10
© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015
Coursebook answer key
11
© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015
8 Can you give us any huge. It’s really easy to overground line anywhere in
examples? get lost the country.
9 Do you have any regrets? 5 Suggested answers: 2 A direct service is a fast train
2 1 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9 1 Going on holiday with your service linking two cities
24 parents probably involves without any intervening
3 3, 4, 5 hotels and organized stops; a stopping service
travel. They probably won’t is normally a slower train
3 Can you give us any
want to do inter-railing or service that stops regularly.
examples?
hitchhiking. Whereas, if you 3 An eastbound train is
Oh yes, tell me about the
go on holiday with friends one that travels from the
markets.
you are more likely to go west towards the east; a
And it must be cheaper backpacking, inter-railing southbound train travels
than here? or hitchhiking. from north to south.
Was there anything you didn’t 2 You will probably see more 3 He takes the underground/
like? of the countryside and meet tube from Heathrow because
Pronunciation more people inter-railing. it’s cheaper and more
Travelling by plane is much convenient as he’s travelling to
b 1 rise faster but you probably see a station on the underground
2 fall less of the countries you fly network.
Final task – page 84 over. 4 How often? Heathrow
1 Speaker 2 because she 3 If you spend a holiday at the Express, every 15 min;
includes examples of how the coast you may meet new Heathrow Connect, every 30
experience made an impact people, especially foreigners mins; tube/underground, every
on her. or tourists. However, you are 10 mins
less likely to know people How Long? Heathrow
2 Students’ own answers
there. Whereas, spending a Express, 15–20 mins;
3 Students’ own answers holiday in your family village Heathrow Connect, 25 mins;
4 Students’ own answers probably means that you Tube/underground,
5 Students’ own answers already know many of the 50–60 mins
people there.
How much? Heathrow
Review – page 85
Unit 14 Express, £16.50; Heathrow
1 1 e 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 b Connect, £6.90; Tube/
2 1 once-in-a-lifetime Vocabulary – page 86 underground, £4
experience 1 1 train 5 Students’ own answers
2 a real eye-opener 2 plane
3 coach Pronunciation
3 Defer your degree
2 left luggage office: baggage a 13, 14, 15: stress is on the
4 gap year
check; railway: railroad; second syllable
5 take a year out timetable: schedule; tube: 30, 40, 50: stress is on the first
3 1 (auto-stop) hitchhiking subway; tram: street car syllable
2 (put off) get/acquire 3 1 period return b 13, 70, 80, 14, 16
3 (packbacking) backpacking 2 fare
3 outward journey Listening – page 88
4 (volunteering) volunteer
4 student travel-card 1 Ravi does not mention the
4 1 I had a Saturday job all the 5 first class National Railway Museum or
way through sixth form, and the Jorvik Viking Centre.
I worked in a factory for 4 1 first class
three months to save up for 2 outward journey 2 1 c 2 b 3 c 4 c 5 b
the trip. 3 period return 3 1 True, Ravi says ‘OK, I’ll
4 fare come down and meet you’.
2 Going to study at a 5 student travel-card
university in another city and 2 False, Maria will text Ravi if
finding somewhere to stay Speaking – page 87 the bus is going to be late.
there is a real challenge. 1 1 B 2 C 3 A Functional language – page 89
3 I think it’s brilliant to have 2 1 A tube station is part of the 2 1 get into
the chance to live in a underground network of a 2 single or return
different country. specific city, e.g. London; 3 I’ll take
4 It’s incredible, you go into a a main-line station can 4 Would you like a …
market and you realize it’s be any train station on an 5 book
13
© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015
Coursebook answer key
6 I don’t think so 3a She uses something called students having class debate;
7 The journey time is … circumlocution. She can’t in the photo on the right there
8 leave remember the word ‘placard’ are two politicians having a
3 1 single, return, open ticket so she says ‘I’m not sure what debate live on TV.
they’re called, but they’re like 2 1 False, the speaker says that
2 platform, bay, stop
big signs and when people are a debate is an argument but
3 aisle seat, window seat, on strike or holding some kind it is not an ‘undisciplined
forward-facing seat of demonstration, they write shouting match’, it has ‘strict
4 off-peak, rush hour slogans on them.’ organization’.
Pronunciation 3b 1 False, the first difference 2 True.
the speaker mentions is
a /aɪ/: arrivals, aisle, I’ll, line that ‘in the first picture the
3 False, the speaker says that
/eɪ/: bay, rail, main, train the motion can be about
people are doing something
something in the news but
together … In the second
Final task – page 90 it can also be a ‘general
one they’re all individuals.’
1a It rises on the first word and philosophical statement’.
2 True, the speaker says ‘it’s
falls on the second. 4 True.
some kind of protest – it
could be against pay cuts or 5 True.
Review – page 91
1 Tickets: fare, first class, to do with jobs.’ 6 False, the speaker says
internet rate, one-way, open 3 False, the speaker says participants must ‘remember
return, student railcard I’m not sure if they achieve to criticise the argument, not
anything. the individual’.
Places: aisle, bay, left luggage
office, mainline station, 4 True, the speaker says 3 1 state
platform ‘maybe the people are 2 sum up the team’s
2 1 period return happy if they’ve been able argument; rebut
2 north to buy something they really 3 restate; rebut
3 subway/underground want a lot cheaper than
4 1 40
4 stopping service normal.’
2 method, 20
4 train plane rate validate 5 True, the speaker says ‘I
think both pictures show 3 40
aisle bay buy
us people trying to get Task – page 95
5 1 I’d like a ticket to Oxford, something.’
please. Students’ own answers
6 False, the speaker says ‘if I
2 Is that a single or a return? had to choose then maybe Prepare to … do a project –
3 A single, please. I’d say the first one, because pages 96–97
4 That’s £4.29 please. it would be an opportunity to 1 Suggested answers: Photo A
5 Here you are. What time’s show how you feel.’ looks like a very formal event,
the next train? 4 a sporting event: a great quite exclusive, you probably
6 There’s one at half past. atmosphere, fans, a need a ticket to go there;
grandstand, a home crowd, a photo B is of a big public
7 OK – which platform’s that? stadium event, it looks fun and all sorts
8 Platform 2, it’s on the a family celebration: a of different people are there;
other side. get-together, a wedding photo C is of a sporting or
9 How do I get there? anniversary, different cultural event, perhaps they
10 Go up over the bridge. generations, get back in touch are in Scotland, the man is
a public examination: wearing that skirt that men
11 OK, great. Thanks. wear in Scotland.
candidates, an invigilator, keep
Unit 15 an eye on the time, nervous 2 Which event? Speaker 1 -
tension Stonehenge; Speaker 2 -
Prepare to … describe a photo – Ascot races; Speaker 3 -
pages 92–93 a concert: backing singers,
an amazing performance, a Highland games
1 Suggested answers: In both What were the others like?
support band, play an encore
pictures there are people Speaker 1 – Hippies, new-
on the street. In photo A 5 Students’ own answers
age types and normal people;
the people look like they’re Prepare to … have a formal Speaker 2 – Very posh, very
demonstrating about superficial; Speaker 3 – A mix,
something. In photo B they are debate – page 94
1 Suggested answers: in the local people, tourists, families.
going shopping.
left-hand photo there are two Did they enjoy it? Speaker 1 –
2 Students’ own answers
14
© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015
Coursebook answer key
Yes, she says ‘it was amazing’; DVD worksheet 3 – page 101 DVD worksheet 6 – page 104
Speaker 2 – No, he found it 1 b 1 Shepherd’s pie, an English
‘quite uncomfortable’; Speaker breakfast
2 a wedding
3 - Yes. She says, ‘It was a lot
3 a hotel receptionist 2 Afghanistan, South America,
of fun’.
Burma, Tibet
3 1 A 2 B 3 B/C 4 B 5 C 6 A 4 It’s a bit too big.
3 2 orange juices, 1 coke, some
7C 5 If you buy a suit, you get a
tap water
4 Students’ own answers shirt and tie for half-price.
4 the starter
5 amateur theatre groups 2 6 £144.25
5 well done
buskers 2 7 To cover her hair, because she
camping cosy venues 2 doesn’t comb it. 6 apple pie
trophy 3 8 ruffled 7 she wants them to split it/
international championship 3 share the cost equally
9 textures
knockout tournament 3 8 12 o’clock/midday
main stage 1 10 over 70
9 the friendly atmosphere, lots
street performers 2 DVD worksheet 4 – page 102 of different meals available
support act 1
to headline 1 1 summer 10 curry, Chinese
top level 3 2 18
players 3 DVD worksheet 7 – page 105
3 Because Olivia’s going to
1 Clothes, mobile phones
6 Students’ own answers university.
2 they give teenagers an idea
4 horror, love story
DVD worksheet 1 – page 99 of the kind of job they might
1 3 years 5 dance want to do
2 50% 6 go to the Zodiac Club to see 3 greeting guests, making
DJ Mixit bookings, sorting out
3 Olivia
7 London problems
4 Law
8 socializing, reading, running, 4 a book shop, a theatre, a hotel
5 Psychology, Business Studies, belly dancing 5 waiting in a hotel
Art
9 once a week 6 a time when he had to deal
6 The hotel industry
10 go dancing in a nightclub with a difficult customer
7 Bristol
DVD worksheet 5 – page 103 7 to have his own hotel
8 Less than one year: she’s in
1 those that live in the 8 about 5 years
her first year.
countryside 9 making programmes about
9 ‘You’re very much your own
2 those that live in the cities horses
person’
3 he can’t drive 10 attention to detail, patience,
10 Science communication
ability to tell a good story
4 12 minutes
DVD worksheet 2 – page 100
5 No, it’s a direct train DVD worksheet 8 – page 106
1 halls
6 He finishes work at 10.30 pm, 1 a
2 paying rent, paying bills,
but the hotel is a long way 2 Thailand, Australia, South
dealing with the landlord,
from the station and there is America
cleaning
no direct bus service between 3 going to university
3 Birmingham the hotel and the station.
4 apply for a place at university
4 ‘a bit scary’ 7 He decides to take his bike on
5 taking exams
5 Because she says it’s a bit of the train and cycle from the
a mess station to work. 6 You have to work some of the
time in order to earn some
6 4 girls 8 riding motorcycles
money.
7 gas, electricity, water, internet, 9 Because to ride a full-power
7 She’s worried that if Ruby
TV motorbike, you have to pass
goes travelling, she may never
8 2 your riding test at the age of
come back.
21 or over.
9 The university 8 America, France and Turkey
10 c
10 They took turns to cook dinner 9 It made her more confident,
for everyone. made her better prepared for
the world of work.
10 His bag was stolen; the truck
he was travelling in crashed.
15
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