STAS111

Coverage: ANCIENT PERIOD

1. Science and Technology in Ancient, • Europe
Medieval and Renaissance Period - 750,000 years ago fire is used by
2. 19th and 20th century homo erectus
3. Pre-Spanish and Spanish • Europe
4. American Era - 45,000 Stone-headed spears
5. Post-commonwealth Era • Spain and Saharan Africa
- 20,000 years ago
SCIENCE - The wooden bow and arrow
- the intellectual and practical activity - People in Southern Europe use sewing
encompassing the systematic study of needles made from bone
the structure and behavior of the • Eastern Mediterranean
physical and natural world through - 2000 years ago
observation and experiment. - The Minoans build palaces on Crete.
- The Minoan civilization flourished in
TECHNOLOGY the Middle Bronze Age on the island
- is science or knowledge put into of Crete located in the eastern
practical use to solve problems or Mediterranean from c.
invent useful tools. - 2000 BCE until 1500 BCE
• Greece
- 1000 years ago
- Accumulation of knowledge and passing it - Ironworking
from generation to generation has begun • Italy
when the modern humans evolved from their - 1000 years ago
hominid (APES) ancestors. - The Etruscan civilization is the
- They used stones as tools, and then learned modern name given to a powerful and
how to shape stones to make more efficient wealthy civilization of ancient Italy
tools. As the tools improved, so people were - craftsmen make false teeth from gold
able to use them to fashion weapons and
other artifacts from bone, antler, and wood. AMERICANS
- They also learned how to capture fire from • North America
natural sources such as wild fires, and later - 8,500 years ago
to make fire for themselves by using the heat - Stone arrowheads
generated by friction or sparks from stones,
• Folsom people
or by concentrating the sun’s heat. - 8,000 years ago
- The Folsom people living on eastern
side of the Rocky mountains
sophisticated tools.
• South America
- 6000 years ago
- Pottery is made

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• North America • China

- 2,500 years ago - 2950 years ago
- People in the Arctic makes flint tools - A lunar calendar is developed in
• South America China
- 1750 years ago • Pakistan
- Peruvians build a long canal to irrigate - 2500 years ago
their crops - Clay pipes are used as drains
• Peru (Peruvians) • China
- 1200 years ago - 2500 years ago
- Fishermen in Peru makes rafts and - Chinese doctors begin using
boats from REEDS acupuncture
- Reeds - a tall, slender-leaved plant of • China
the grass family that grows in water or - 2296 years ago
on marshy ground - Chinese astronomers record the
• Mexico (Central America) sighting of a comet
- 1200 years ago • China
- Olmec (were the earliest known - 1361 years ago
major civilization in Mexico following - Chinese astronomers record a solar
a progressive development in eclipse
Soconusco) sculptors carve figurines • China
and giant human heads. - 1000 years ago
- The Chinese begin writing on bamboo
or paper made from bark
ASIA AND OCEANA • India
- 1000 years ago
• Japan
- The Hindu calendar of 360 days in
- 11,000 years ago
introduced in India
- The earliest-known clay pots are made
• China
• Iran
- 850 years ago
- 5200 years ago
- The Chinese use natural gas for
- People in Iran make wine
lighting
• Thailand
- 4000 years ago
- Bronze is first made
AFRICANS AND THE MIDDLE EAST
• China and Mesopotamia
- 3500 years ago • Homo erectus
- The plow is invented - 1,000,000 years ago - uses stone tools
• China - 1,000,000 years ago - begin chipping
- 3000 years ago flakes off stones to sharpen for tools
- Boats in China are equipped with - 1,000,000 years ago – uses antlers to
anchors create tools for cutting and drilling

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• Africa • Mesopotamia
- 15,000 years ago - 2300 years ago
- bone harpoons (barbed spears) are - The earliest known maps are produced
used for fishing in Mesopotamia
• Palestine • Mesopotamia
- 10,000 years ago - 2000 years ago
- build houses from sun-dried bricks - Babylonian mathematicians introduce
• Mesopotamia (Iraq) a positional number system
- 7500 years ago • Syria and Babylon
- Clay tokens are used for record - 2000 years ago
keeping in Mesopotamia - Medicine becomes an important
• Anatolia (Modern Turkey) science
- 600 years ago • Mesopotamian (Pythagoras)
- The world’s first known city was built - 1800 years ago
by the people of Catal Huyuk - Mesopotamian mathematicians
• Ancient Egyptians discover the “Pythagorean Theorem”
- 4236 years ago • Babylonian Astronomers
- devised a 365-day calendar - 1750 years ago
• Mesopotamia (Iraq) - Babylonian astronomers compile lists
- 3500 years ago of planets and stars
- The wheel is invented in Mesopotamia • Egyptians
• Egyptians - 1550 years ago
- 3100 years ago - using about 700 drugs and
- begin using hieroglyphics medications
• Sumerians • Egyptians
- 3000 years ago - 1200 years ago
- introduced a 360-day calendar - The Egyptians dig a canal to join the
• Egyptians Nile River to the Red Sea
- 3000 years ago • Phoenicians
- dam the Garawi River - 1000 years ago
• Egyptians - The Phoenicians - was an ancient
- 2630 years ago civilization composed of independent
- begin building pyramids city-states located along the coast of
• Mesopotamia the Mediterranean Sea stretching
- 2600 years ago through what is now Syria, Lebanon
- Mesopotamians makes glass and northern Israel
• Mesopotamia - develop an alphabet
- 2300 years ago • Mesopotamia
- Babylonian astronomers study comets - 900 years ago
- Farmers use an irrigation system to
water crops

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MEDIEVAL PERIOD - Finally, the crowning of Charlemagne

was important for Europe as a whole.
- also known as “Dark Ages”
It represented the creation of the Holy
- were considered to be one of the
Roman Empire.
creative periods in the history of
humans and said to be the start of the The Invention of Vertical Windmills,
first industrial revolution. Spectacles, Mechanical Clocks
- The term “Dark Ages” came up
- This was the time for discovering great
because there few written records
new inventions in the field of Science
remained from the said era.
and Technology.
- There was very little evidence that will
- There are greater advancement in
support that there was a progress in the
technology and adaptation of Eastern
society during the periods 500 to 1400.
technologies in the West including the
The Plague or the Black Death invention of vertical windmills,
- Almost half of the population died. spectacles, mechanical clocks, greatly
- Rats (Bubonic Plague) improved water mills, building
techniques like the Gothic style and
Doctors Robe
three-field crop rotation.
- They do “Lancing”
Printing Press
- One of the greatest inventions during
CHARLEMAGNE the middle ages was the “Printing
- tried to establish a scholastic tradition. Press” of Johannes Gutenberg in 15th
- In the years immediately after the fall century AD.
of Rome, there was a period of - It was Gutenberg who made printing
readjustment, where medieval society mechanized.
was more concerned with keeping
peace and empire building than
nurturing centers of learning. RENAISSANCE PERIOD
- Charles the Great, numbered Charles I,
- The term used to refer as the period of
was King of the Franks (were a
rebirth as age of preparation for the 17th
collection of Germanic peoples) from
century scientific development and
768, King of the Lombards from 774,
achievements.
and Holy Roman Emperor from 800.
- Renaissance one greatest achievement in
- He united much of western and central
Western Europe was the technology of
Europe during the early Middle Ages.
printing books and other documents
- It gave him the status of an emperor,
because it helped to rapidly spread
making him the only emperor in
knowledge and information as well as the
Europe west of the Byzantine emperor
preservation of culture. Renaissance
in Constantinople.
connects the period of middle Ages to
- This made Charlemagne seem like the
modern history.
most important ruler in Europe.
- It is closely connected with Italy, where it
began in 14th century, although some

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European countries also went into same - The Industrial Revolution was a time of
cultural changes and phenomena. scientific and technological
- Many historians prefer to think of the advancement.
Renaissance as primarily an intellectual - The revolution spanned the period
and cultural movement rather than a during late 18th century to early 19th
historical period. century.
- Wilde said in his interview with - One of the major setback of Industrial
livescience.com that interpreting the Revolution was skilled workers were
Renaissance as a time period, though set aside because operation of new
convenient for historians, "masks the long machines were used.
roots of the Renaissance." - The companies also hired women and
children increasingly which costs
lower than of the skilled workers.
Galileo Galilei - Manual/physical labor was changed
- was also a major Renaissance scientist into machine-operated devices, even
persecuted for his scientific tradesperson replaced the craftsperson
experiments. and the applied scientist replaced the
- Galileo improved the telescope, amateur inventor.
discovered new celestial bodies and
Three important technologies
found support for a heliocentric solar
- can be identified that formed the
system.
foundations of the first industrial
- He conducted motion experiments on
revolution namely: iron production,
pendulums and falling objects that
steam engine and textiles.
paved the way for Newton's
discoveries about gravity. Robert Fulton
- The Catholic Church forced him to - his steamboat that used one of James
spend the last nine years of his life Watt’s engines.
under house arrest.
Thomas Edison
Industrial Revolution - who invented the light bulb.
- People rely on their hands in doing
Alexander Graham Bell
labor works even before the machines
- who patented the telephone.
have emerged after a century that made
the outputs of production increased George Stephenson
significantly. - who developed the first steam powered
- The phenomenal process in the transfer locomotive
of doing work by human hands and feet
to the use of machines was called “The
Industrial Revolution”.
- It began in Great Britain and spread
across Europe, America and even Asia
from 1760 to 1840.

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19TH AND 20TH CENTURY - Placed in market on July 1, 1874.

- Looked like a sewing machine, with a
Alessandro Volta
foot-pedal carriage.
- 1800
- Invented the first electric battery - Established the “QWERTY” layout
- “Voltaic Pile”. for letter keys.
- Proved that electricity could be
generated chemically. Michael Faraday
- The SI unit of electric potential is - Discovered the operating principle
named in his honor as the “volt”. used in creating dynamo (an electrical
• Voltaic Pile generator) during the years 1831-1832.
- First “wet cell battery”. - It is called the Faraday’s Law
- Constructed of alternating discs of zinc
Dmitri Mendeleev
and copper with pieces of cardboard
- Formulated the Periodic Table
soaked in brine between the metals.
- which arranged all the known elements
- Produced electrical current.
according to their atomic weight in
- Could not deliver an electrical current
1869.
for a long time.
John Walker
René Laennec
- The first friction matches was
- 1816
invented by him in 1826.
- Invented the stethoscope
- Pioneered its use in diagnosing George Stephenson
various chest conditions. - “Steam locomotive” were first
• Laennec Stethoscope developed in the Great Britain during
- Stethos(chest) the 1814 and built by him.
- Skopein(to view or see) - It is a type of a railway locomotive
- Method of using the stethoscope that produces pulling power through a
“auscultation” from “auscultare” steam engine.
(listen)
- Made of long, rolled paper tube. Louis Pasteur
- Used to funnel the sound from the - 1864
patient’s chest to his ear. - develops pasteurization: a way of
preserving food by heating it to kill off
bacteria.
Christopher Latham Sholes & Carlos S.
Glidden Alexander Graham Bell
- 1867-1878 - is best known for his invention of the
- Invented the first successful typewriter telephone.
- “Sholes and Glidden Typewriter” - Which he received his first patent in
- Along with Samuel W. 1876.
• Sholes and Glidden Typewriter
- “Remington No. 1”
- On 1867, a crude prototype was made.

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Jesse Reno Martin Cooper

- 1892 - April 3, 973
- Patented his moving stairs or inclined - “Father of the cellular phone”
elevator. - Motorola researcher and executive.
- Develops first handheld cellphone
Louis Braille
(mobile phone)
- The writing system for the blind known
- The first call was to his rival at Bell
as Braille was invented by French
Labs Research.
student Louis Braille in 1824.
• First handheld cell phone
- Weighed 1.1 kg
Samuel Colt
- 226.6x127x44mm
- In 1836 manufacturer Samuel Colt
- 30 minutes of talk time
received a patent for a revolver
- Took around 10 hours to charge.
mechanism that enabled a gun to be
- In 1983 , the first commercial mobile
fired multiple times without reloading . phone was released called “Motorola
DynaTAC8000x”
- 30 minutes talk time, 6 hours standby,
20TH CENTURY REMARKABLE could store 30 phone numbers.
INVENTIONS - Cost $3995
Former Soviet Union
John Dalton - October 4, 1957
- published his atomic theory in 1908. - Launched Sputnik I and Sputnik II.
• Sputnik I
Wilbur and Orville Wright - Means ‘fellow traveler’
- “Wright Brothers” - First man-made satellite
- 1903 - Beginning of space age.
- Invented the first successful airplane. - Size of a basketball and weighed 180
- “The Wright Flyer” pounds.
• Wright Flyer - Travelled 18,000 mph, 500 miles
- First successful heavier-than-air flying above Earth’s surface.
machine. - Battery died on Oct 27, 1957.
- Product of four-year research and - Remained in orbit until Jan 4, 1958
development beginning in 1889. when it burned up in Earth’s
- Assembled in North Carolina. atmosphere.
- The first attempt failed on December • Sputnik II
14. - Launched on November 3, 1957.
- Flown four times on December 17. - Carrying the first living thing (dog)
into space.
- “Laika”
- Laikawas place in a separate sealed
cabin.
- Six times as heavy as the first.

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John Larson 1947

- 1921 - Mobile phone was invented
- A medical student - but cell phones were not sold until
- invented the modern polygraph 1983.
instrument also known as lie detector
test. Philo Taylor Farnsworth
- 1927
Alexander-Mészáro - The first electronic television was
- 1921 invented a 27 years old.
- Artificial life begins
- the first robot built
Peter Carl Goldmark
- Worked on a colour-television system
Willis Carrier that was first demonstrated in 1940.
- Invented the first electrical air
conditioner in 1902.
Thomas Edison PRE-SPANISH AND SPANISH
COLONIAL PERIOD OF SCIENCE AND
- Aug 27, 1910
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
- The New York Times reported that
Thomas Edison exhibited his new Pre-Spanish Period
kinetoscopeto a small audience in New - Philippines have few written information
Jersey. with regards to the society, culture, and
- It was reported as the first technology on the past before the Spanish
demonstration of his moving picture has arrived.
invention synchronized with sound. - 50,000 years ago the archaeological
findings indicate that the Homo sapiens
Albert Einstein from the Asia is the first to come over the
land and cross narrow channel to live in
- 1905 Palawan and batangas. They are first
- published the Theory of Relativity. anchestors.

Chester Carlson Ornaments

- The xerographic process, which was - Natives wore ornament made of gold and
invented by Chester Carlson in 1938 precious stones. Both genders wore armlet,
and developed and commercialized by legs let, bracelets, gold rings and earring.
the Xerox Corporation, is widely used Putting tattoos in their body was practiced
to produce high-quality text and especially in males because it signifies
graphic images on paper. bravery in war. They also inserted gold
between their teeth as an ornament.
1942 - Wala pang Spanish nun panahon nyan
- when the first digital computer was
made.

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Mindanao and Visayas MANUNGGUL JAR

- May palamuti sila sa sa katawa, which
is the tattoo or sign of bravery.
- Ginagalang noon pag may tattoo.

Medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants

and the methods of extracting medicine from
herbs.

- mga abong nong yumao.

- Kasi base sa paniniwala nila, yung
boat sa ibabaw ng jar ang magdadala
sayo sa kabilang buhay or afterlife.

AMULETS (ANTING-ANTING)

ANITOS, DIWATAS, AND BABAYLAN

During 3,000B.C. They learned to produce

adzes ornament of seashells and pottery
that prosper for 2,000 years until
competition arrived with the Chinese
porcelains. Eventually they’ve learned
how to use metal as their tool sand the so
called Iron Age lasted until the 3rd century
- naniniwala pa tayo ditto sapagkat wala B.C. to 11th century A.D. and during this
pa noon ang Christianity. time, Filipinos were involved in ore mining
- Babyan – mga manggagamot. such as copper, gold, bronze and iron.

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BAHAY KUBO SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

- The colonization of the Philippines
contributed to growth of science and
technology in the archipelago. They
introduced the formal education and
founded scientific institution.
- Agriculture and industrial development
were relatively neglected due to the
prospects of big profits given by
trading when Galleon Trade was
- Gawa sa kawayan at Nipa-Hut introduced in the Philippines. The
opening of the Suez Canal saw the
influx of European visitors to the
Alphabet, number system, a weighing and Spanish Colony and some Filipinos
measuring system and a calendar. were able to study in Europe who were
probably influenced by the rapid
development of scientific ideals.
- Dumating mga Philippine- America
para maghanap ng spices, mga
ingredients na ginagamit sa pagluto.
Tinatawa nila ang Pilipinas bilang
“Spice Island”

- Alibata, Baybayin – first alphabet.

- During the early years of Spanish rule
in the Philippines. Parish schools were
Engineering - Filipinos have also engaged established where religion, reading,
themselves into weaving, shipbuilding, mining writing, arithmetic and music was
and farming that leads them in creating one of taught. Sanitation and more advanced
the finest products of engineering which is the methods of agriculture was taught to
Banaue Rice Terraces. the natives.
University na tinayo ng mga Espanyol:
- UST, San Juan De Letran, Colegio De
Immaculada Concepcion

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Galleon Trade (barko) AMERICAN AND POST-

- made a big impact in the economic COMMONWEALTH ERA
growth of the Philippines. Spaniards
gave priority to the Galleon Trade due American Rule (1898-1946)
to its potential to make huge profits. - Progression of science and technology
That is why agriculture and industrial in the Philippines
development were not given focus and - Nasakop tayo ng mga Amerikano pero
were neglected during this time. When hindi tayo nakipag-gyera.
Suez Canalwas built, visiting each - Nagkaroon ng conflict between spain
other countries for Europeans and and United State
Filipinos was made possible and was - Ibineta ng espanya ang pilipinas sa
probably influenced by the rapid Amerika
development of scientific ideals - Natuwa ang mga Pilipino noon kasi
brought by the Age of Enlightenment. uunlad daw ang Pilipinas.

The opening on November 17, 1869 of the July, 1, 1901

Suez Canal in Egypt, one of the most - The Philippine Commission -
important artificial sea-level waterways in the established the Bureau of Government
world, paved the way for the Philippines' direct Laboratories
commercial relations with Spain instead of via - The Bureau - replaced the Laboratorio
Mexico.As travel time from the Philippines to Municipal, which was established
Spain and vice versa was shortened to 30 days under the Spanish colonial era.
from more than two months. - dealt with the study of tropical diseases
and laboratory projects.

- noong dumating ang mga Amerikano

ay binago nila ito at ginawang Bureu of
Government Laboratories.
- Very common na sakit noon ay ang
kagat ng lamok, Malaria.

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Bureau of Government Laboratories • Fe del Mundo

• Oct 26, 1905 - the founder the first pediatric hospital
- was replaced by the Bureau of Science in the Philippines. Her pioneering work
• Dec 8, 1933 in pediatrics in the Philippines while in
- The National Research Council of the active medical practice spanned eight
Philippines was established. decades.
- The Bureau of Science became the • Eduardo Quisimbing
primary research center of the - was a Filipino biologist, a leading
Philippines until World War II. authority of plants in the Philippines.
• Gavino Trono
Bureau of Science - A Filipino b ologist dubbed as the
• 1946 "Father of Kappaphycus farming", was
- was replaced by the Institute of Science conferred the rank of national scentist
• 1950 of the Philippines for contributions to
- Report of the US Economic Survey in the study of tropical marine phycology.
the Philippines: - Kappaphycus – seaweeds, mayaman sa
- lack of basic information iodine at gamot sa goiter.
- lack of support of experimental work
and minimal budget for scientific American Period
research. Science was inclided to:
- and low salaries of scientists • Agriculture
Algapito Flores • food processing
- inventor of the fluorescent lamp • yawa medicine
- ayaw ng Pilipino kaya pumunta sa • pharmacy
ibang bansa at doon ito binenta. Free trade policy
- not much focus was given on the
Pres. Carlos P. Garcia (1958) development of industria1 technology
- Philippine Congress passed the Science
Act of 1958 which established the Post-Commonwealth Era
National Science Development Board. - devoted to preparation for economic
and political independence and
perfection of democratic institutions.
National Scientists who have contributed in But even before the tragic events of
different fields of Science World War 11, the transition did not
• Angel Alcala run smoothly.
- a National scientist, noted for his work - Manuel Quezon – sa pagmumuno nya
in marine and aqua biology which ay tuloy pa rin ang pagtulong ng mga
largely contributed on the progression Amerikano.
of science and technology in the
Philippines.
- Siya ang naka-identify ng mga isdang
pwedeng kainin

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Greatest Contribution Architecture

Education - introduced new types of concrete
Free Education houses, bungalows, chalets, and
- Americans introduced the idea, even earthquake proof buildings.
sent teachers to help establish schools Clothing
where the Filipino children could have - Filipinos adapted the American fashion
a free education. statement using hats, long sleeved
- "Thomasites" named after the boat that coats and long long sleeved polos
they came on, called Thomas. inside it with matching neck ties for
• Spaniards - religion; capture Filipino's men.
hearts and minds Entertainment
• Americans - education; neglect and set aside - American lifestyle and pop culture
our own culture and identity. includes a wide range of forms: folk
songs, dance tunes, ballads, Broadway
songs, rock' n' roll, disco, jazz, and rap.
Communication
- devices like the telegraph, telephone,
radios, and movies were introduced by
the Americans.
Arts
- introduced new types of concrete
houses, bungalows, chalets, and
earthquake proof buildings.
Health
- Filipinos learned the value of
cleanliness, proper hygiene and healthy
practices. Hospitals, clinics, and health
centers were established including
Daniel Burnham public hospitals for lepers.
- with Manila's Filipino Hispanic roots, Livelihood
he developed the Urban planning of - Philippine Economy improved and
Manila through the City Beautiful there is an increase in agricultural
Movement production and development of new
industries.
Economy
- can be attributed to free trade relations
that the Americans imposed upon the
country. Philippine products were also
allowed to enter American markets free
of duty within quota limits.

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Food "While there may be a possibility that America

- American influences added yet another was honest in its desire to assist us achieve that
dimension to the Filipino food culture - which is the perceived ideal, as history teaches
speed and convenience. Filipinos us. Some of the worst mistakes were made with
became consumers of American the best intentions."
products - prepackaged foods, canned
goods and fast foods.

Transportation
Submarines
- were used during the American period. Ito yun pinakamahaba kong nagawa na
It is used in trading, war, and reviewer. Ambilis bilis mag discuss ni sir tas
transportation to other countries super dami pala to HAHHAA anyway, yun
through the water. last lesson na diniscuss ni sir d ko na
Carretela sinummary yan, puro copy paste, tinamad ako
- Also known as Kalesa, is a horse- sensya na, plus kumuha ako sa notes ni Sarah,
drawn two-wheeled cart used yun mga may tagalog (>3<)
commonly by the ilustrados for ihighlight nyo nlng un mga importante! Kung
personal travels. During the American gusto nyo Makita yun pictures, nasa drive lng
period, the city of Manila was teeming yun ppt. Goodluck guys!!
with carretelas, but these - Aki
Aircraft
- It was introduced by the Americans.
The first use of aircrafts in the
Philippines were during wars
especially against the Japanese.

The American Influence

- brought about good and bad aspects to
the Philippines. Many roads and
bridges were constructed. New
technologies were introduced to the
country.
- Philippine people might have enjoyed
some benefits but they were not the real
reasons why such developments were
made. The Americans imposed these
rules to achieve their main objective,
which is to colonize and use the
country and its people.

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