Basic Air Conditioning

Figure 5
Formulas
Basic Air Conditioning Formulas

Application
EXPRESSED
TO DETERMINE AS COOLING HEATING and/or HUMIDIFYING
NT V NT V

Guide
Total Airflow CFMT 1. CFMT = 1. CFMT =
60 min./hr. 60 min./hr.

NO V No V
Infiltration or Ventilation CFMo 2. CFMo = 2. CFMo =
60 min./hr. 60 min./hr.

Number of Air Changes CFMT (60 min./hr.) CFMT (60 min./hr.)

NT 3. NT = 3. NT =
Per Hour – Total V V

Number of Air Changes CFMo (60 min./hr.) CFMo (60 min./hr.)

Per Hour – Outdoor Air No 4. No = 4. No =
V V

Total Heat (HT) Btuh 5. HT = CFMT x 4.5 x (h1 – h2) = Btuh 6. HT = CFMT x 4.5 x (h2 – h1) = Btuh

Sensible Heat (HS) Btuh 7. HS = CFMT x 1.08 x (T1 – T2) = Btuh 8. HS = CFMT x 1.08 x (T2 – T1) = Btuh

Latent Heat (HL) Btuh 9. HL = CFMT x .68 x (W1 – W2) = Btuh 10. HL = CFMT x .68 x (W2 – W1) = Btuh

CFMo CFMo
Entering Air Temperature (T1) °F. D.B. 11. T1 = t1 + x (t2 – t1) = °F.D.B. 1 12. T1 = t1 – x (t1 – t2) = °F.D.B. 2
CFMT CFMT
(Mixed Air)
1 If duct heat gain is a factor, add to T1: 2 If duct heat loss is a factor, subtract from T1:
Duct Heat Gain (Btuh) Duct Heat Loss (Btuh)
CFMT x 1.08 CFMT x 1.08

Leaving Air D.B. HS HS

°F. D.B. 13. T2 = T1 – = °F.D.B. 14. T2 = T1 + = °F.D.B.
Temperature (T2) CFMT x 1.08 CFMT x 1.08
HS (total) HS
Required Airflow CFMT 15. CFMT = = CFM 16. CFMT = = CFM
1.08 x (T1 – T2) 1.08 x (T2 – T1)
OR
HS (internal)3
CFMT = = CFM
1.08 x (t1 – T2)
3 Sensible load of outside air not included

Btu/lb. HT HT
Enthalpy – Leaving Air (h2) 17. h2 = h1 – = Btu/lb. dry air 18. h2 = h1 + = Btu/lb. dry air
dry air CFMT x 4.5 CFMT x 4.5

19. Refer to Enthalpy Table and read W.B. temperature 20. Refer to Enthalpy Table and read W.B. temperature
Leaving Air W.B. Temperature °F.W.B.
corresponding to enthalpy of leaving air (h2) (see #17). corresponding to enthalpy of leaving air (h2) (see #18).
Heat Required to Evaporate
Water Vapor Added to Btuh 21. HL = CFMo x .68 (W3 – Wo) = Btuh 22. HL = CFMo x .68 (W3 – Wo) = Btuh
Ventilation Air
Excess Latent Capacity

( ) ( )
Lbs. Make up = of System x % Run Time HL loss Btuh (see #22)
Humidification Requirements 23. = lbs./hr. 24. Make up = = lbs./hr.
water/hr. Moisture 1060 Btu/lb. Moisture 1060 Btu/lb.
(Industrial Process Work)

LEGEND DERIVATION OF AIR CONSTANTS

CFMT = Total airflow cubic feet/min. The air constants below apply specifically to standard air which is
CFMo = Outdoor air cubic feet/min. defined as dry air at 70°F and 14.7 P.S.I.A. (29.92 in. mercury column).
NT = Total air changes per hour They can, however, be used in most cooling calculations unless extremely
No = Outdoor air, air changes per hour precise results are desired.
V = Volume of space cubic feet 4.5 (To convert CFM to lbs./hr.)
HT = Total heat Btuh
HS = Sensible heat Btuh 60 min./hr.
4.5 = or 60 X .075
HL = Latent heat Btuh 13.33
* h1 = Enthalpy or total heat of entering air Btu/lb. Where 13.33 is the specific volume of standard air (cu.ft./lb.) and
* h2 = Enthalpy or total heat of leaving air Btu/lb. .075 is the density (lbs./cu.ft.)
T1 = Temperature of entering air .24 X 60
T2 = Temperature of leaving air 1.08 = or .24 X 4.5
13.33
Tadp = Apparatus dewpoint °F.D.B.
.24 BTU = specific heat of standard air (BTU/LB/°F)
t1 = Indoor design temperature °F.D.B.
t2 = Outdoor design temperature °F.D.B. 60 1060 1060
.68 = X or 4.5 X
W1 = Grains of water/lb. of dry air at entering condition Grains/lb. 13.33 7000 7000
W2 = Grains of water/lb. of dry air at leaving condition Grains/lb.
Where: 1060 = Average Latent Heat of water vapor (BTU/LB.).
W3 = Grains of water/lb. of dry air at indoor design conditions Grains/lb.
Wo = Grains of water/lb. of dry air at outdoor design conditions Grains/lb. 7000 = Grains per lb.

* See Enthalpy of air (Total Heat Content of Air) Table for exact values.

For complete equipment / combination selections,

installation instructions and warranty information,
please refer to Product Data/Ratings and/or Installers Effective 4/4/11
Guides and Limited Warranty Handbooks. AC/IN-13 14-1011-26