Class XI Subject Mathematics Topic Mensuration Sub Topic (01) Volumes and Surface Areas No. of Sessions Three

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CLASS XI

SUBJECT MATHEMATICS
TOPIC MENSURATION
SUB TOPIC (01) VOLUMES AND SURFACE AREAS
NO. OF SESSIONS THREE

Mensuration - Definition
A branch of mathematics which talks about the length, volume or area of
different geometric shapes is called Mensuration. These shapes exist in 2 dimension or 3
dimensions. Let’s learn the difference between the two.
Difference Between 2D and 3D shapes

2D Shape 3D Shape

If a shape is surrounded by three or more If a shape is surrounded by a no. of surfaces


straight lines in a plane, then it is a 2D shape. or planes then it is a 3D shape.

These shapes have no depth or height. These are also called as solid shapes and
unlike 2D they have both height and depth.

These shapes have only 2-D length and These are called Three dimensional as they
breadth. have depth, breadth and length.

We can measure their area and Perimeter. We can measure their volume, CSA, LSA or
TSA.
STANDARD UMTS OF VOLUME

1 dm = 10 cm
1 dm3 or litre = 1 dm × 1 dm × 1 dm = (10 × 10 × 10) cm3 = 1000 cm3
1 cm = 10 mm
1m =100 cm
1m = (100 × 100 × 100) cm3 = 1000000 cm3
3

1 m3 = 1000 × 1000 cm3 = 1000 litre


1 kilolitre = 1m3 = 1000 litre
(mm) millimeter, ( cm) centimetre, (dm) decimetre, (m) metre
Plans figures
The geometrical figures which have only two dimensions are called as the plane figures.
Triangle
(i)Area of triangle

(ii) Area of an equilateral triangle

(iii) Area of an isosceles triangle: - base = b, equal side = a

Area of Triangle by Heron`s formula=𝑠√(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) where s= semi perimeter


Area of sector = θ/3600 x πr2 length of arc = θ/3600 x 2πr
Cube and cuboid
A cuboid whose length, breadth and height are all equal is called a cube.
(i) Surface area of a cube . Since alI the faces of a cube are squares of the same size i.e.,
for a cube we have l = b = h. Thus if l cm is the length of the edge of side of a cube, then
Total Surface area of the cube = 2(l × l + l × l + l × l)
= 2 × 3l2 = 6l2 = 6(Edge)2 TSA of cuboid : 2(l × b + b× h + h× l)
(ii) Lateral surface area of the cube = 2(l × l + l × l)
= 2(l2 + l2) = 4l2 = 4(Edge)2
(iii) Volume of a cube = l × l × l = l3 volume of cuboid : l x b x h
(iv) Diagonal of cuboid = l 2  b 2  c 2 Diagonal of cube : 3l
Circular cone
There are many objects around us which are conical in shape like an ice-cream cone, a
conical, tent a birthday cap etc. These objects are of the shape of a right circular cone.

∆AOC is right angled at O.


By Pythagoras theorem,
AC2 = AO2 + OC2 i.e. l2 = h2 + r2
(i) Area of shaded region

(ii) Total surface area of cone = Curved surface area of cone + Area of the circular base
= πrl + πr2
= πr (r + l) sq. units.

(iii) Volume of a cone (where ‘r’ r is the radius and ‘h’ is the height of cone).
Sphere and hemisphere
Sphere: The set of all the points in space which are equidistant from a fixed point is
called a sphere.
Curve surface area of sphere = 4𝜋𝑟 2
4
Volume of sphere 𝑉 = 3 𝜋𝑟3
Hemisphere: A lane through the centre of a sphere divides the sphere into two equal
parts and each part is called a hemisphere.
(i) Curved surface area of hemisphere = 2πr2
(ii) Total surface area of hemisphere 2πr2 + πr2 = 3πr2
Assignment 1.
1. The two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 6 and 7 respectively, and if the
respective diagonal is 9. Then find the area of the parallelogram?
a) 4√110 b)100 c) 110 d)126 Answer: 4√110
2. In a trapezium parallel sides are 10 and 60 cms respectively and non parallel sides
are 30 and 40 cms respectively. Find its area.
a)1400 cm2 b)1800cm2 c)140cm2 d)2000cm2 Answer: 1400
cm 2
3. A 6300 cm2 trapezium has the perpendicular distance between the two parallel sides
70 cm. if one of the parallel sides be 50cm. then find the length of the other parallel side.
a) 40cm b)50cm c)60cm d)none of these Answer: 40cm
4. How many metres of a carpet 65cm wide will be require to cover the floor of a room
which is 13 m long and 10m broad?
a) 4m b)2m c)5m d)200m Answer:2m
5. If the ratio of radius of two circles is 5:7 respectively. Then find the ratio of their area.
a) 49:25 b)25:49 c)22:27 d)110:154 Answer: 25:49
6. If the area of a rectangle and a circle is equal. And if the sides of rectangle are 14m
long and 11m broad. Then find the circumference of the circle.
a) 54cm b)44cm c)298cm d)132cm Answer: 44cm
7. If radius of a circle increases 25%. Find the percentage increase its area.
a) 50% b)25% c)56.25% d)51.5% Answer: 56.25%
8. A parallelogram the length of whose sides are 8cm and 6cm has a diagonal 10 cm
long find the length of the other diagonal.
a)5cm b)5.5cm c)10cm d)15cm Answer: 15cm
9. If the side of a square increased by 40%. Then find the increase percent of its area.
a) 80% b)50% c)96% d)90% Answer: 96%
10.The radius of a circular wheel is 14m. how many revolutions will make in travelling
132km?
a) 3000 b)1000 c)1100 d)5000 Answer: 3000

Assignment2:
1. If a solid, cone of base radius ‘r’ and height ‘h’ is placed over a solid cylinder having
same base radius ‘r’ and height – ‘h’ as that of the cone, then the curved surface area of

the shape is Is it true?


(a) No (b) Yes (c) May be (d) Cannot be determined
2. A cylinder and a cone are of the same base radius and same height. Find the ratio of
the volumes of the cylinder of that of the cone.
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
3. In the figure, the shape of a solid copper piece (made of two pieces) with dimensions
as shown. The face ABCDEFA has uniform cross section. Assume that the angles at A,
B, C, D, E and F are right angles. Calculate the volume of the piece.
(a) 840 cm (b) 880 cm3 (c) 876 cm3 (d) 890 cm3
4. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere of common base radius 7
cm. The total height of the toy is 31 cm. Find the total surface area of the toy.
(a) 465 (b) 912 (c) 769 (d) 858
5. What is the area of a semi–circle of radius 5 cm?
(a) 78.57 cm (b) 71.42 cm (c) 63.18 cm (d) 79.86 cm

Answers

Assignment 3:

1. Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1:3 and the radii of their bases in the ratio
3:1. Find the ratio of their volumes? Ans : (A) 3:1

2. What is total surface area of a cone where, r’ is radius and ‘l’ is slant height?

Ans: πr (l + r)

3. The area of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle is 9√3 cm2. Find the area of
the circle . Ans:12 π cm2
4. A hollow iron pipe is 21 cm long and its exterior diameter is 8 cm. If the thickness
of the pipe is 1 cm and iron weights 8g/cm3 , then find the weight of the pipe. use(π)
is 22/7. Ans: 3.696 kg
5. The volume of a cube is512 cm3 . find Its surface area (in sq cm) .
Ans: 384 cm2

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