Power Plant Equipment

Lecture No.4
(Numericals)
 

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 An Illustrative Numerical Examples:
QN1 Two generators of capacities 600MW and 400MW are connected in parallel to
supply a common load of 600 MW. Their droop regulations are 4% and 5 % respectively
w.r.t. their respective ratings. At no-load, they operates at a common frequency of 51 Hz.
How they will share the common load of 600MW? When the load is increased by 100
MW, at which frequency they will operate and calculate the power supplied by each
generator.
Solution:

Let Pbase = 1000 MW, fbase = 50 Hz

Pbase ( new ) 1000
R R   0.04   0.066 pu
1( new ) 1(old) Pbase ( old ) 600

Pbase ( new ) 1000

R R   0.05   0.125 pu
2 ( new ) 2(old) Pbase ( old ) 400

fNL (pu) = 51 Hz / fbase = 51 / 50 = 1.02 pu

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 Case-1: When a common load PL = 600 MW = 600/1000 = 0.6 pu
Let us assume that generators are operated at no-load with fNL = 51 Hz = 1.02 pu
And when loaded up to PL = 600 MW, let frequency decreases to f1 .
Then change in frequency Δf1 = fNL – f1 and G1 supplies P1 and G2 supplies P2 .
Therefore from no-load to PL = 600MW
ΔP1 = P1 and ΔP2 = P2 as shown in Figure.

As per definition of droop regulation,

f
R  OR f  R  P
P
Therefore, Δf1 = R1 ×ΔP1 for G1
and for G2 Δf1 = R2 ×ΔP2
As Δf1 is common for both generators, Δf1 = R1 ×ΔP1 = R2 ×ΔP2
P .R
OR P  2 2 (eqn 1) And ΔP1 + ΔP2 = PL = 0.6 pu (eqn 2)
1 R
1

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Case-2: When a load ΔPL = 100 W = 100/1000 = 0.1 pu is switched ON:
Let new frequency = f2 as shown in Fig below:

Here, ΔP1 + ΔP2 = 0.1 pu (eqn-3) and Δf2 = R1 ×ΔP1 = R2 ×ΔP2

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ΔP2 = 0.0345 pu×Pbase = 0.0345 × 1000 MW = 34.5 MW
Δf2 =R1 ×ΔP1 = 0.066×0.0655= 0.00423 pu = 0.00423×fbase = 0.00423 ×50Hz =0.216
Hz
Therefore, f2 = f1 – Δf1 = 49.29 Hz – 0.216 Hz = 49.07 Hz

Power supplied by each generator:

Power supplied by G1 = P1 + ΔP1 = 393 MW + 65.5 MW = 458.5 MW
Power supplied by G2 = P2 + ΔP2 = 207 MW + 34.5 MW = 241.5 MW
_______

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QN2 Figure below shows two generators operating in parallel and supplying a load of
800 MW. G1 is rated as 800 MW and G2 is rated as 300MW. G1 supplies 600 MW and
G2 supplies 200 MW and system frequency is 50 Hz. At no-load, they operate at a
common frequency of 51 Hz. Calculate droop regulations R1 and R2 of G1 and G2 with
respect to their ratings. Assume base power = 1000 MW. When the load is decreased,
the frequency increases to 50.2 Hz. Calculate the total load in MW and load shared by
each generator at 50.02Hz.
Case-1: When G 1 supplies 600 MW and G2 supplies 200 MW and system frequency is 50 Hz. At no-
load, they operate at a common frequency of 51 Hz.
These facts are shown in Droop chac curves in Fig shown below:
Let Pbase = 1000 MW, fbase = 50 Hz
From No-load to 800 MW load:
P1 = ΔP1 = 600MW=600/1000 = 0.6 pu
P2 = ΔP2 = 200MW = 600/1000 = 0.2 pu

When the load increases from no-load to

800MW, the change in frequency is :
Δf = fNL – f1 = 51 Hz – 50Hz = 1 Hz
= 1 Hz/ fbase = 1/50 = 0.02 pu

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Case-2: When the load decreases by some amount, the frequency increases to f2 = 50.2
Hz
P1(new) =? P2(new) = ?
This is shown in droop curves below:

The operating point for G1 is shifted to ‘A’ and power generation decreases to P1(new)
The operating point for G2 is shifted to ‘B’ and power generation decreases to P2(new)
Here, Δf = f2 – f1 = 50.2 Hz – 50Hz = 0.2 Hz = 0.2 Hz/ fbase = 1/50 = 0.004 pu

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QN3 Three generating units of 600MW, 400MW and 200 MW capacities respectively
are operating in parallel and supplying power to a common load at a common
frequency of 50 Hz. The first unit supplies 300MW, the second unit supplies 200MW
and the third unit supplies 100MW. At no-load, they operates at a common frequency
of 50.6 Hz. When the load is increased by 200MW, at which frequency they will operate.
Also calculate the power supplied by each generator.

The figure shows the operation at initial loading condition and additional
load of ΔP = 200 MW is switched ON later.

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 Case-1 : No-load to initial load condition:

G 1, G 2 and G 3 operates at initial operating points A1, B1 and C1 respectively and G 1, G 2 and G 3
supplies power of P1, P2 and P3 respectively.
Let Pbase = 1000 MW, fbase = 50 Hz
Then P1 = 300MW / Pbase = 300/1000 = 0.3 pu
P2 = 200MW / Pbase = 200/1000 = 0.2 pu
P3 = 100MW / Pbase = 100/1000 = 0.1 pu
From No-load to initial load, change in frequency is :
Δf1 = fNL –f1= 50.6 Hz – 50 Hz = 0.6 Hz = 0.6 Hz / fbase = 0.6 / 50 = 0.012 pu

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 Based on Pbase = 1000MW

Case-2 : When the load is increased by : ΔP = 200 MW /1000 = 0.2 pu

Frequency decreases to f2 (say) as shown in Fig below:

Now the new operating points of G 1, G 2 and G 3 are A2, B2 and C2 respectively and corresponding
new generations are P1(new), P2(new) and P3(new) respectively.
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 Therefore, for load change from 600MW to 600MW+200MW corresponding increase in power
generation are: ΔP1 , ΔP2 and ΔP3 respectively.

f f f f
2 2 P  2 3
R   OR P  And P 
1 P 1 R 2 R2 3 R
1 1 3
Also Total change in load is : ΔP = ΔP1 + ΔP2 + ΔP3

f f f 1 1
1  1 1 1 
OR P  2  2  2  f     OR P  f     f ( 49 . 99 )
R R R 2 R R R  2  0 . 04 0 . 066 0 . 033 
 2
1 2 3  1 2 3

P 0 .2
Therefore, f    0 . 004 pu
2 49 . 99 49 . 99

In absolute value: f  0 . 004 pu  f  0 . 004  50  0 . 2 Hz

2 base
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 f 0 . 004
Then, P  2   0 . 1 pu
1 R 0 . 04
1
f 0 . 004
P  2   0 . 0666 pu
2 R 0 . 06
2
f 0 . 004
P  2   0 . 0333 pu
3 R 0 . 12
3

In absolute
values:
P  0 . 1 pu  P  0 . 1  1000 MW  100 MW
1 base

P  0 . 066 pu P  0 . 0666  1000 MW  66 . 6 MW

2 base
P  0 . 033 pu P  0 . 0333  1000 MW  33 . 3 MW
3 base

New frequency f2 = f1 - Δf2 = 50 Hz – 0.2 Hz = 49.8 Hz.

New generations:
Power supplied by G1: P1(new) =P1 + ΔP1 = 300 MW + 100 MW = 400 MW
Power supplied by G2: P2(new) =P2 + ΔP2 = 200 MW + 66.6 MW = 266.6 MW
Power supplied by G3: P3(new) =P3 + ΔP3 = 100 MW + 33.3 MW = 133.3 MW

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