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Workshop - Week 11

The document discusses database transactions and recovery. A transaction is a collection of SQL statements that are either committed to the database or rolled back. The ACID properties ensure transactions are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable. Database recovery restores the database to its prior consistent state after a failure using techniques like mirroring, backups, and shadow paging. Common concurrency problems during transaction execution include lost updates, dirty reads, and non-repeatable reads.

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Kushal Bajracharya
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85 views2 pages

Workshop - Week 11

The document discusses database transactions and recovery. A transaction is a collection of SQL statements that are either committed to the database or rolled back. The ACID properties ensure transactions are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable. Database recovery restores the database to its prior consistent state after a failure using techniques like mirroring, backups, and shadow paging. Common concurrency problems during transaction execution include lost updates, dirty reads, and non-repeatable reads.

Uploaded by

Kushal Bajracharya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Workshop – Week 11

1. What is a transaction
One or more SQL response makes up a transaction, which would be a conceptual, transactional
work unit. A transaction is a collection of SQL statements which either are commited (that is,
saved in the database) or scaled back (that is, removed) (that is, undone from the database).

2. What are the transaction properties


The ACID qualities (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) are fundamental aspects
of transition.
3. Suppose your database system has failed. Describe the database recovery process and the use of
deferred-write and write-through techniques.
After a failure, database recovery is the process of returning a database to its original
(consistent) state. To put it another way, it's the process of restoring the database to the most
recent stable condition it had prior to the system's failure.
 Mirroring; On-line, two full duplicates of the database were maintained on different
secure storage systems. This method is most commonly utilized in environments where
constant, fault-tolerant activities are needed.
 Using Backups to Recover: Floppy disks, hard disks, and magnetic tapes are used for
rapid backups. Archiving files are stored on mass storage devices such magnetic tape,
CD-ROMs, and Internet servers, among many others.
 Shadow Paging: To restore data, the Shadow Paging system can be more than just
transaction data. A database is divided into a number of fixed-size disk pages, say n, and
a present subdirectory with n items, each object matching to a disk page in the database,
is generated in Shadow Paging. In system memory, the present folder is duplicated.
It is a process when a particular quantity of webpages have indeed been changed in the
worldwide buffer, a process that transfers those pages to the disk.
Data is immediately put into the caches and the corresponding memory locations location in a
write via storage method.
4. Name the three most common concurrent transaction execution problems.
The following are the three main issues with concurrency control:
 Updates have been lost.
 This is a filthy read (or uncommitted data).
 Unprecedented reading (or inconsistent retrievals).

1
Review questions are taken from C. Coronel, S. Morris, P. Rob, K. Crocket (2013) Database Principles:
Fundamentals of Design, Implementation, and Management, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning
2
Review questions are taken from C. Coronel, S. Morris, P. Rob, K. Crocket (2013) Database Principles:
Fundamentals of Design, Implementation, and Management, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning

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