Information Technology & Information Systems Department

IT 316
NETWORKING 1
Course
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Introduction
This course includes the detailed
introduction to the basic networking hardware and
software, networking technologies and their
implementation. Topics include network
topologies, types and architecture, network
protocols, IP addressing and subnetting, network
devices and their functions, transmission media
and the OSI Reference Model and the functions of
each layer in the model.

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◼ As requirements, the learner will do the following:

 Create a diagram showing the different network
topologies;
 Identify all the devices and describe their functions;
 Include sample ethernet specifications for each device;
 Compute IP address assignment based on number of
floors and computers;
 Study the process flow of the organization to determine the
networking requirements;
 Design a wired network diagram based on the
requirements and budget constraints of the organization;
and,
 Document a network proposal including the IP address,
devices and their cost.

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LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this course the learners should be able to
◼ explain the basic concepts and principles of
networking (CO1);
◼ analyze business processes and translate them into
user requirements (CO2);
◼ using these derived requirements, they should be able
to design a suitable wired network (CO3);
◼ through this design, they should be able to create a
proposal to implement the wired network design based
on the user’s requirements and budget constraints
(CO4).
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LEARNER’S ACTIVITIES Synchronous

◼ Synchronous learning is a training activity in which all
learners are participating simultaneously and requires
attendance. It’s real-time, highly interactive, and very
social.
 Scheduled quizzes and tests
 Scheduled chat room time for students to share ideas
 Scheduled video conferences or group phone calls
 Live streamed lectures or demonstrations

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LEARNER’S ACTIVITIES Asynchronous

◼ Asynchronous Learning is the key feature of successful

online learning programs and uses other tools and systems
to allow the instructor and students to interact on their own
schedules. These may include:
 Recorded presentations, such as slideshows and videos
 Email
 Discussion boards
 Social media groups
 Collaborative documents in the cloud

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Module 1
Introduction to Networking
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, the learners will be able to

◼ Explain the concept of networking.

(CILO 1)
◼ Identify the different types of network
hardware and software.
(CILO 2)

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MODULE OUTLINE
◼ What is Networking?
 Networking defined
 Features
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 Applications of Networking
 Careers in Networking
◼ Networking Job Titles
◼ Networking Hardware
 Components
◼ Networking Software
 Functions

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MODULE OUTLINE
◼ SDN Framework
◼ Popular in Windows Networking Apps
◼ 10 Best Network Monitoring Tools & Software of 2020
◼ Module Summary
◼ References
◼ Learner’s Assessment Task

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Networking
- is at the center of technological innovations.
- it empowers us to stay connected.
- it dictates what equipment and gadgets should
be manufactured
- through this, all physical barriers in our world are
bridged.
This course demonstrates how the basic
networking concepts turn into skills that you can
put to practice right away.

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Ready to start your

Career ?
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Welc me

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Networking ….
◼ is the process of connecting computers together so that
they can share information.
- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/networking

◼ is the practice of transporting and exchanging data

between nodes over a shared medium in an information
system. Networking comprises not only the design,
construction and use of a network, but also the management,
maintenance and operation of the network infrastructure,
software and policies.
- https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/networking

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Features
◼ Sharing − networks enable sharing of files and other IT
resources.
◼ Speed − client machines are getting faster so that the processing
time becomes up to par with setups that processes tasks through
a central server.
◼ Scalability − network setups are completely scalable to enable
additional components to be easily deployed.
◼ Integration − all the components of the network work in synch
through network operating systems.
◼ Security − networks can be configured to restrict access to
authorized users only.
◼ Cost Effectiveness − Networking reduces the need to purchase
equipment for each user (printers, scanners, etc) through
sharing.
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Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages
◼ Device sharing lessens cost. ◼ Initial setup can be expensive.
◼ Site (software) licenses are likely ◼ Managing a large network is
to be cheaper than buying several complicated.
standalone licenses. ◼ When the central server goes down,
◼ Files can easily be shared. file access cannot be done.
◼ Communication is easier through ◼ It is easier for viruses and malware to
email and messenger. spread to other computers through a
◼ It is also easy to secure files by network.
limiting access. ◼ There is the possibility of intrusion
◼ Backup is easier as the files are especially with wide area networks.
located in a central server. There is a need to install additional
security measures to avoid this.

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Applications of Networking
- important to organizations as well as individuals.

Some of its main uses are as follows:

◼ Information and Resource Sharing
◼ Retrieving Remote Information
◼ Speedy Interpersonal Communication
◼ E-Commerce
◼ Highly Reliable Systems
◼ Cost–Effective Systems
◼ VoIP

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Applications of Networking
◼ Information and Resource Sharing
- computer networks allow organizations to share
information.
- programs and software on any computer can be
accessed by other computers linked to the
network.
- allows sharing of hardware equipment, like
printers and scanners between users.

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Applications of Networking
◼ Retrieving Remote Information
- through networks, users can retrieve
remote information.
- the best example of such information
system is the World Wide Web.

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Applications of Networking
◼ Speedy Interpersonal Communication
- networks have increased the speed and volume
of communications.
- Electronic Mail (email) is extensively used for
sending texts, documents, images, and videos
across the globe.
- Messenger services and social networking sites
have greatly increased online communications.

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Applications of Networking
◼ Highly Reliable Systems
- networks allow systems to be distributed
wherein data is stored in multiple sources.
- this makes the system highly reliable.
- if a failure occurs in one source, then the system
will still continue to function and data will still be
available.

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Applications of Networking
◼ Cost–Effective Systems
- networks have reduced the cost of operating
and maintaining computer systems in
organizations.
- Before, organizations need to set up
expensive mainframes for computation and
storage. With networking, several personal
computers can be used for the same
purpose.
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Applications of Networking
◼ VoIP
- VoIP or Voice over Internet Protocol has
changed telecommunication.
- Through this, calls are made digitally using
Internet Protocols in place of analog
phone lines, thus reducing cost while
increasing speed.

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Career in Networking?

According to McCraw (2017), “Today, most

of us understand that devices connect to a
network to transmit data.
But….
❖ Do you know what networking really means?
❖ Do you know what a network administrator or
network architect does all day?

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Let’s take a closer look at what networking is

and what a networking professional does.
◼ Networking keeps the world connected.
◼ Networks are the lifeline to critical services,
maintaining a steady flow of data and open lines
of communication for large and small companies
alike.
◼ Enterprise networks need to function at the
highest, most secure level to keep organizations
up and running.

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A networking professional, or team of

professionals, is generally responsible for
the following:
◼ Designing, configuring, managing and
troubleshooting wired and wireless networks
that transmit data, voice and video
◼ Connecting devices like computers, printers
and mobile devices to the network and
making sure they function properly and
securely

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◼ Making information and data easily

accessible to those who need it
◼ Ensuring a secure transfer of data over
internal and external networks
◼ Evaluating and optimizing network
performance

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Networking Job Titles

◼ Network Administrator/Systems Administrator
◼ Network Field Technician
◼ Network Engineer
◼ Network Support Specialist
◼ Network Analyst
◼ Network Architect
◼ Network Manager

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◼ Some companies may consider experience and

certifications, like CompTIA Network+,
CCNA(Cisco Certified Network Associate) to be
enough.
◼ If one spent some time as a Help Desk
Technician, Network Administrator or Systems
Administrator may be the next move.
◼ For higher-level positions including Network
Engineer or Network Analyst, most companies
require at least a bachelor’s degree, if not an
advanced degree.

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◼ Networking experience opens the doors to a lot of

opportunities.
◼ It’s the core of IT infrastructure, where one could
go on to build and design enterprise networks and
strategize IT infrastructure for a large organization.
◼ Or one may move into a Cybersecurity
Career, where the focus is on securing the
network.
◼ If one sets sights on a Cybersecurity career
networking can give the foundation to understand
how the network functions, so one would know
how to identify vulnerabilities and secure it. “
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Networking Hardware
◼ also known as network equipment or
computer networking devices
◼ are electronic devices which are required
for communication and interaction on a
computer network

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Hardware Components
◼ Servers
- computers that manage the resources of the
network
- faster and have much more storage than a
personal computer
- network operating system is typically installed in
the server and so they give user accesses to the
network resources.
- Servers can be of several kinds: file servers,
database servers, print servers etc.
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◼ Clients
− computers that request and receive service
from the servers to access and use the
network resources.
◼ Peers
− computers that provide as well as receive
services from other computers in a
workgroup network.

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◼ Networking Media
- are the channels through which data is
transferred from one device to another in a
network.
- may be wired like coaxial cable, fibre optic
cables etc; or wireless like microwaves,
infra-red waves etc.

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◼ Connecting Devices
− act as middleware between networks or
computers, by binding the network media
together.

Some of the common connecting devices

are:
Routers, Bridges, Hubs, Repeaters,
Gateways, Switches, Access Point, Modem,
Brouter,
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Networking Software
◼ is a foundational element for any network.
◼ helps administrators deploy, manage and
monitor a network.
◼ is not the same as software applications.
◼ is “invisible” to end users — it is simply
used to facilitate the access of those users
who have network resources, in a
seamless way.
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Functions
◼ Helps to set up and install computer networks
◼ Enables users to have access to network resources in a
seamless manner
◼ Allows administrations to add or remove users from the
network
◼ Helps to define locations of data storage and allows
users to access that data
◼ Helps administrators and security system to protect the
network from unauthorized access and attacks
◼ Enables network virtualizations

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Web Browser and Plug-Ins

◼ Web browsers acts on behalf of a user by
contacting a web server, requesting
information, receiving information,
displaying the results on a screen.
◼ Plug-ins is to view special, or proprietary,
file types that standard web browsers are
not able to display like QuickTime, Real
Audio, Android Emulator,

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◼ Software Defined Networking

- Is a framework that has three layers as depicted
in the following diagram:
 APPLICATION LAYER − SDN applications reside in the
Application Layer. The applications convey their needs for
resources and services to the control layer through API
(Application Program Interface).
 CONTROL LAYER − The Network Control Software, bundled into
the Network Operating System, lies in this layer. It provides an
abstract view of the underlying network infrastructure. It receives
the requirements of the SDN applications and relays them to the
network components.
 INFRASTRUCTURE LAYER − Also called the Data Plane Layer,
this layer contains the actual network components. The network
devices reside in this layer that shows their network capabilities
through the Control to data-Plane Interface.
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SDN Framework

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◼ Data plane
 refers to all the functions and processes that forward
packets/frames from one interface to another.
◼ Control plane
 refers to all the functions and processes that
determine which path to use.
◼ The separation of functions from hardware, such as
firewalls or load balancing, is called Network Functions
Virtualization (NFV).
◼ New software, tools and utilities are being launched
almost every year to compete in an ever changing
marketplace of IT monitoring and server monitoring.

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Popular in Windows Networking Apps

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10 Best Network Monitoring

Marc Wilson

Tools & Software of 2020 https://www.pcwdld.com/

Last Updated :
01/14/202010 Best
1. Solarwinds Network Performance Monitor Network Monitoring
Tools & Software of 2020

2. PRTG Network Monitor from Paessler

3. ManageEngine OpManager
4. WhatsUp Gold 2017
5. Nagios XI
6. Zabbix
7. Incinga
8. Datadog
9. ConnectWise Automate
10. Logic Monitor
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Ready to start your

Career ?
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MODULE SUMMARY
◼ A computer network is comprised of connectivity
devices and components.
◼ To share data and resources between two or
more computers is known as networking.
◼ Basic networking hardware includes switch,
router, and access points.
◼ Networking software are used to setup,
maintain, and manage networks.

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REFERENCES
◼ West, Jill, Andrews, Jean, & Dean, Tamara. (2019). CompTIA Network+ Guide to Networks Singapore: Cengage
Learning. Eighth Edition.
◼ Cisco Networking Academy Program.(2017). Introduction to networks v6 : Companion Guide. Indianapolis, Indiana:
Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Inc. Singapore : Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.,
◼ Cisco Networking Academy Program. (2017) . Routing and Switching Essentials v6 : Companion Guide.
◼ Indianapolis, Indiana: Cisco Press, Cisco Systems, Inc. Singapore : Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd.,
◼ Pyles , James, Carrell, Jeffrey L., & Tittel, Ed. (2017). Guide to TCP/IP : IPv6 and IPv4. Singapore : Cengage
Learning. Fifth Edition
◼ Tomsho, Greg. (2016).Networking Guide to Networking Essentials. USA. Cengage Learning. Seventh Edition.
◼ Lowe, Doug. (2016). Networking All-In-One for Dummies a Wiley Brand. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc. Sixth Edition
◼ McMillan, Troy. (2015). Cisco Networking Essentials. Sybex. A Wiley Brand Indianapolis, Indiana : John Wiley &
Sons. Second Edition
◼ Gregory, Peter H,& Hughes, Bill. (2015). Getting a Networking Job for Dummies a Wiley Brand. Hoboken, New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
◼ Debra B. McCraw. (2017) Demystifying IT Careers: Networking. CompTia.org. Retrieve July 8, 2020 from
https://www.comptia.org/blog/demystifying-it-careers-networking
◼ Networking. Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieve July 8, 2020 from
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/networking
◼ Networking. TechTarget. Retrieve July 8, 2020 from https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/networking
◼ Popular Windows Networking App. CBS Interactive, Inc. Retrieve July 8, 2020 from
https://download.cnet.com/networking/
◼ Wilson, Marc. (2020). 10 Best Network Monitoring Tools & Software of 2020. Retrieve July 8, 2020 from
https://www.pcwdld.com/

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