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Tutorial 4

1. The document provides examples of calculating stream discharge using various stream gauging methods, including the mid-section method and moving boat method. 2. Data is given for 5 problems involving stream cross-section geometry, velocity and flow rate measurements, and calculations to determine stream discharge based on this data. 3. Methods demonstrated include using velocity and depth measurements at points across a cross-section, velocities relative to a moving boat, and using changes in salt concentration downstream to estimate discharge.

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Irfan Khan
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842 views

Tutorial 4

1. The document provides examples of calculating stream discharge using various stream gauging methods, including the mid-section method and moving boat method. 2. Data is given for 5 problems involving stream cross-section geometry, velocity and flow rate measurements, and calculations to determine stream discharge based on this data. 3. Methods demonstrated include using velocity and depth measurements at points across a cross-section, velocities relative to a moving boat, and using changes in salt concentration downstream to estimate discharge.

Uploaded by

Irfan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UCE401: Hydrology & Groundwater

BE Third year

TUTORIAL 4

STREAMFLOW MEASUREMENT

1. The following data were collected during a stream-gauging in a river. Compute the discharge.
Distance from left Depth (m) Velocity(m/s)
water edge (m) At 0.2d At 0.8d
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.5 1.3 0.6 0.4
3.0 2.5 0.9 0.6
4.5 1.7 0.7 0.5
6.0 1.0 0.6 0.4
7.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
(Ans: 6.426 m3/s)
2. The following are the data obtained in a stream gauging operation. A current meter with a calibration
equation (V = 0.32N+0.032) m/s, where N = revolutions per second was used to measure the velocity
at 0.6 depth. Using the mid section method, calculate the discharge in the stream.

Distance 0 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 20 22 23 24
from right
bank (m)
Depth (m) 0 0.5 1.1 1.95 2.25 1.85 1.75 1.65 1.5 1.25 0.75 0
Number of 0 80 83 131 139 121 114 109 92 85 70 0
revolutions
Observation 0 180 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 150 0
time (s)
(Ans=11.895 m3/s)

3. In the moving boat method of discharge measurement the magnitude (V R) and direction θ of the
velocity of stream relative to the moving boat are measured. The depth of the stream is also
simultaneously recorded. Estimate the discharge in a river that gave the following moving boat data.
Assume the mean velocity to be 0.95 times the surface velocity measured by the instrument.
(Ans: 3458.9 m3/s)

Section VR (m/s) θ(degrees) Depth Remark


(m)
0 - - - Right bank
1 1.75 55 1.8 Theta is angle made by VR with the boat
2 1.84 57 2.5 direction
3 2.00 60 3.5
4 2.28 64 3.8
5 2.30 65 4.0 Various sections are spaced at a constant
distance of 75 m apart
6 2.20 63 3.8
7 2.00 60 3.0
8 1.84 57 2.5
9 1.70 54 2.0
10 - - Left bank
UCE401: Hydrology & Groundwater
BE Third year

4. A 200 g/l solution of common salt was discharged into a stream at a constant rate of 25l/s. The
background concentration of the salt in the stream water was found to be 10 ppm. As a downstream
section where the solution was believed to have been completely mixed, the salt concentration was
found to reach an equilibrium value of 45 ppm. Estimate the discharge in the stream.
(Ans =142.8 m3/s)

5. A small stream has a trapezoidal cross section with base width of 12 m and side slope 2 H: 1V in a
reach of 8 km. During a flood the high water levels record at the ends of the reach are as follows:

Section Elevation of bed (m) Water surface elevation Remarks


(m)
Upstream 100.20 102.70 Take Manning’s n = 0.030
Downstream 98.60 101.30
Estimate the discharge in the stream (Ans: 30.18 m3/s)

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