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Tutorial 3

1. The document provides 10 examples of calculations related to hydrology and groundwater topics such as evaporation from pans and reservoirs, infiltration rates, runoff, and rainfall-runoff relationships. The examples include calculating evaporation based on water level changes in a pan, estimating reservoir evaporation and changes to streamflow, and determining infiltration capacities and runoff from storms of varying intensities over catchments.

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Irfan Khan
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576 views

Tutorial 3

1. The document provides 10 examples of calculations related to hydrology and groundwater topics such as evaporation from pans and reservoirs, infiltration rates, runoff, and rainfall-runoff relationships. The examples include calculating evaporation based on water level changes in a pan, estimating reservoir evaporation and changes to streamflow, and determining infiltration capacities and runoff from storms of varying intensities over catchments.

Uploaded by

Irfan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UCE401: Hydrology & Groundwater

BE Third year

TUTORIAL 3

ABSTRACTIONS FROM PRECIPITATION

1. A class A pan was set up adjacent to a lake. The depth of water in the pan at the beginning of certain
week was 195 mm. In that week there was a rainfall of 45 mm and 15 mm of water was removed
from the pan to keep the water level within the specified depth range. If the depth of water in the pan
at the end of the week was 190 mm, calculate the pan evaporation. Using a suitable pan coefficient
estimate the lake evaporation in that week. (Ans: 35 mm, 24.5 mm)

2. A reservoir had an average surface area of 20 km2 during June 1982. In that month the mean rate of
inflow = 10 m3/s, outflow = 15m3/s, monthly rainfall = 10 cm and change in storage = 16 million m3.
Assuming the seepage losses to be 1.8 cm, estimate the evaporation in that month (Ans: 23.4 cm)

3. A reservoir has an average area of 50km2 over a year. The normal annual rainfall at the place is 120
cm and the class A pan evaporation is 240 cm. Assuming the land flooded by the reservoir has a
runoff coefficient of 0.4, estimate the net annual increase or decrease in the streamflow as a result of
the reservoir. (Ans: 48 Mm3 decrease)

4. Estimate the daily evaporation from a large reservoir using the empirical equation of Horton, Meyer
and Rohwer from the following data: water surface temperature = 28˚ C, Air temperature = 30˚ C,
Atmospheric pressure = 766 mm of mercury, Relative humidity = 42%, wind speed at 0.5 m above
ground level = 7.5 m/s. (Ans: 16.98 mm/day, 15.23 mm/day, 19.3 mm/day)

5. The average water spread areas in the reservoir and the pan evaporation at the reservoir site for twelve
months are given below:

Month Water Spread area in hectares Pan evaporation in cm


January 681 11.5
february 623 17.2
March 590 28.5
April 578 34.3
May 567 31.5
June 560 20.0
July 574 17.2
August 598 15.7
September 630 15.7
October 664 17.2
November 696 14.3
December 716 11.5

The pan coefficient may be assumed to be 0.8. If the water in the reservoir fetches at the rate of Rs
0.75 per m3, how much additional revenue accrues to the project per year if the evaporation losses are
reduced to 25%. (Ans: Rs 64, 35, 360)
UCE401: Hydrology & Groundwater
BE Third year

6. Results of an infiltrometer test on a soil are given below. Determine the Horton’s infiltration capacity
equation for this soil. (Ans: fp = 1.0 +10.45 e-3.1 t)

Time 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.0


since start
in (h)
Infiltration 5.6 3.20 2.10 1.50 1.20 1.10 1.0 1.0
capacity
in cm/h)

7. The infiltration capacity of catchment is represented by Horton’s equation as:


fp = 0.5 +1.2 e -0.5 t
Where fp is in cm/h and t is in hours. Assuming the infiltration to take place at capacity rates in a
storm of 4 hours duration, estimate the average rate of infiltration for the duration of the storm.
(Ans: 1.02 cm/h)
8. The mass curve of an isolated storm in a 500 ha watershed is as follows:

Time since 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
start in (h)
Cumulative 0 0.8 2.6 2.8 4.1 7.3 10.8 11.8 12.4 12.6
rainfall
(cm)

If the direct runoff produced by the storm is measured at the outlet of the watershed as 0.34Mm3,
estimate the phi index of the storm and duration of rainfall excess.(Ans: 0.42 cm/h, 10 hrs)

9. An isolated 3 h storm occurred over a basin in the following fashion:

% of catchment Phi index (cm/h) Rainfall (cm)


area 1st Hour 2 nd Hour 3 rd hour
20 1.00 0.8 2.3 1.5
30 0.75 0.7 2.1 1.0
50 0.50 1.0 2.5 0.8
Estimate the runoff from the catchment due to the storm. (Ans: 2.24 cm)

10. The mass curve of rainfall of duration 100 min is given below. If the catchment had an initial loss of
0.6 cm and phi index of 0.6 cm/h, calculate the total surface runoff from the catchment.
(Ans: 2.50 cm)
Time since start in 0 20 40 60 80 100
(h)
Cumulative rainfall 0 0.5 1.2 2.6 3.3 3.5
(cm)

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