GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Functions as Models
Quarter 1, Module 1

 
   

   
   

FUNCTIONS AS MODELS

This module aims to assist the learners to be able to

represent real life situations using functions, including piecewise
functions, and solve problems involving functions.MG11GM-Ia-1
and MG11GM-Ia-4.

In doing this module, the following

are some reminders:

1. Take the pretest before

answering the module.
2. Read the instructions carefully
before doing each task.
3. Answer all the exercises.
4. Take the posttest.
5. Use a separate sheet in
answering all the activities.

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Directions: Encircle of the letter of the A. BOOKS:

most appropriate answer to each numbered item.

1. What is the definition of function?

General Mathematics, Teacher’s Guide for Senior High School
A. Has inputs and outputs B. Every input has only ONE output
C. Inputs have different outputs D. x-values and y-values Oronce, Orlando A. (2016) General Mathematics. Quezon City:
every time REX Bookstore Inc.

2. Choose the best answer that describes the image.

B. WEBSITES:
quizizz.com/admin
  https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/Classes/Alg/SolveExpEqns.aspx

A. Function B. Relation
C. Function and Relation D. Neither a relation nor a function
 
3. Choose the best answer that describes the image.

A. Function B. Relation
C. Function and Relation D. Neither a relation nor a function PREPARED BY:
4. Is the relation a function? Why.

SACCHARINE S. AGULAN
A. Yes, because the x-value 11 has two y-values pair with it. Teacher II
B. Yes, because each x-value has only one y-value paired with it. Dagupan City National High School-SHS

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C. No, because the x-value 11 has two y-values pair with it.
9. What is the range of the following relation: D. No, because each x-value has only one y-value paired with it.
(9, -2) (4, 3) ( 8, 10) ( -4, 8)
A. -4, 4, 8, 9 B. -2, 3, 8, 10 5. . Which set of values is a function?
A. (9,5) (10,5) (9,-5) (10,-5)
C. (9, -2) ( 4, 3) D. (8, 10) (-4, 8) B. (3,4) (4,-3) (7,4) (3, 8)
C. (6,-5) (7, -3) (8, -1) (9, 1)
D. (2, -2) (5, 9) (5, -7) (1, 4)
10. Identify the range of the following function when given the domain
{ 2, 3, 10}: 6. The grocery store sells cantaloupes for $4.50 per pound. Write
y = 4x - 12 a function to represent the cost, c, for the number of pounds of
cantaloupes bought, p.
A. 4, 12, 20 B. -20, 0, 28
A. c = 45p B. c = 4.5p
C. {-4, 0, 28} D. 8, 12, 40 C. p = 4.5c D. p = 45c

7. The deli in the grocery store gives each customer a free cup of
coffee worth $1.50. Write a function to represent the situation.

A. y = 1.5x B. y = 15x
C. x = 1.5y D. x = 15y

8. All of the y values or outputs are called what?

A. Domain B. Range
C. Relation D. Function

9. All of the x values or inputs are called what?

A. Domain B. Range
C. Relation D. Function

10. f(x)=2x+1
If f(x)=4, what is the value of x?
A.3/2 B. 2
C. 1/2 D. 4

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6. Which one of the following is not a function?

What is a function?
Definition of a function:
• It is a relation define as a set of ordered pairs (x, y) where no two or
more distinct ordered pairs have the same first element (x).
• Every value of x corresponds to a unique value of y

Examples:
Illustrations below are examples of a function

What is the difference between a function and a relation?

RELATIONS

 A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (called the range).
 The elements of the domain can be imagines as input to a machine that
applies rule to these inputs to generate one or more outputs. 7. Which relation is not a function?
 A relation is also a set of ordered pairs (x, y). A.Φ(x) = √x B.Φ(x) = -√x
C.Φ(x) = ±√x D.Φ(x) = √x - 1
Example 1. Domain and range of a relation
8. The function f is defined on the real numbers by f(x) = 2 + x − x2
Relation { ( 2,-5 ) , ( 4, 31 ), ( 11, - 11 ), ( - 21, 3 ) } What is the value of f(-3)?
A. -10 B. -4
Domain: 2 4 11 -21
C. 8 D. 14
Range: -5 31 -11 3

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Solution:

4. A = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3} In the relation example 1, the domain is {2, 4, 11, -21}
the range is is {-5, 31, -11, 3}.
f is a function from A to the set of whole numbers as defined in the
following table: Example 2. Arrow Chart
Relations are often represented using arrow charts connecting the
domain and range elements.

FUNCTIONS
 A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related
to only one value in the range by some rule.
What is the domain of f?  The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a
machine that applies a rule so that each input corresponds to only
A. The set of Integers B. The set of Whole numbers
one output.
C. { -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 } D. { 0, 1, 4, 9 }  A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such that no two ordered
5. Which one of these graphs does not illustrate a function? pairs have the same x-value but different y-values.

Example 1. Which relations below are functions ?

Relation #1 {(-1, 2), (-4, 51), (1, 2), (8, -51)}

Relation #2 {(13, 14), (13, 5), (16, 7), (18, 13)}
Relation #3 {(3, 90), (4, 54), (6, 71), (8, 90)}

Solution:
Relation #1 and Relation #3 are both functions. Remember if
domain element repeats then it's not a function.
A. A B. B
C. C D. D

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The function as a machine

A. y = x + 3 B. y = 3x
You can think of f(x) as a function machine. The function machine, or C. y = 4x D. y = x - 3
f(x) , takes input inside. The machine processes this input and
produces an output value.
3. Which one of the following relations is not a function?

Example:

Let k(x)=3x.

Evaluate k(5).

Solution:

Step 1
Identify all of the occurrences of 'x' and substitute the input in

k(x)=3x k(5)=3 • 5

Step 2 A. A B. B
Compute result. C. C D. D

k(5)=3 • 5=15

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Functions and relations as a table of values

Example 1. Which of the following relations are functions?

A) f = { (1,2), (2,2), (3,5), (4,5)}
Directions: Encircle of the letter of the most appropriate
B) f = { (1,3), (1,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,7) }
answer to each numbered item.
C) f = { (1,3), (2,6), (3,9),…,(n,3n),...}
1. Write an equation to represent the function from the following
table of values: Solution:
The relations f and h are functions because no two ordered pairs
x y have the same x-value but different y-values, while g is not a function
because (1,3) and (1,4) are ordered pairs with the same x-value but
-2 -4 different y-values.
-1 -2
Example 2. Which of the following mapping diagrams represent
0 0 functions?

1 2

2 4

A. y = -2x B. y = 2x
C. y = x + 1 D. y = x + 2

2. Write an equation to represent the function from the following

table of values:

x y

-2 1

-1 2

0 3

1 4

2 5
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 Solution: The relations f and g are functions because each x ε X

corresponds to a unique y ε Y. The relation h is not a function
because there is at least one element in X for which there is more
than one corresponding y-value.For example, x = 7 corresponds to y
= 11 or 13. Similarly, x = 2 corresponds to both y = 17 or 19.

Function as a graph in the Cartesian plane  a function relates inputs to outputs

A relation between two sets of numbers can be illustrated by a  a function takes elements from a set (the domain) and
graph in the Cartesian plane,and that a function passes the vertical relates them to elements in a set (the codomain).
line test ( i.e., a vertical line can be drawn anywhere and intersect the
graph in at most one point.)  all the outputs (the actual values related to) are together
The Vertical Line Test called the range

A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line inter-  a function is a special type of relation where:
sects the graph at most once.
Example: Which of the following represents a function? every element in the domain is included, and
any input produces only one output (not
A) y = 2x + 1 this or that)
B) y = x2 - 2x + 2
C) x2 + y2 = 1
 an input and its matching output are together called
an ordered pair
 D) y =  

E ) y =  
 so a function can also be seen as a set of ordered pairs

Solution: All are relations. All are functions except ( C ). Equation

( C ) is not a function because we can find an x-value that corre-
sponds to more than one y-value ( ex. if x = 0, then y can be +1 or -
1.)

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Functions as representations of real-life situations

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an
appropriate functional model will lead to a better understanding of
I. Directions: Solve for the following Piecewise Functions various phenomena.

Example 1: Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x

1. A videoke machine can be rented for ₱1,000 for three days, but meals, if one meal costs ₱40.
for the fourth day onwards, an additional cost of ₱400 per day is Solution: Since each meal costs ₱40, then the cost function is C (x) =
added. Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine as a 40x.
piecewise function of the number of days it is rented.
Example 2: One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a
rectangular area next to a river ( see figure ). Give a function A that
can represent the area that can be enclosed, in terms of x.

2. The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is

₱150 per head for 20 persons or less, ₱130 per head for 21 to 50
persons, and ₱110 per head for 51 to 100 persons. For 100 or more
persons, the cost is at ₱100 per head. Represent the total cost as a
piecewise function of the number of attendees of the party.

II. Create a mapping of the following relations and state

whether or not it is a function.

A.

B.

C.

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    Example 2: A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each
Solution: additional integer kilometers adds ₱1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise
function to represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in
kilometers.
The area of the rectangular enclose is A = xy. We will write this as a
function of x.Since only 100m of fencing is available, then x +2y = Solution:
100 or y = ( 100 – x )/2 = 50 – 0.5x.Thus, A(x) = x(50-0.5x) = 50x –
0.5x2. The input value is distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney
fare.If Fሺdሻ represents the fare as a function of distance, the function
Piecewise Functions can be represented as follows:

Some situations can only be described by more than one formula,

  depending on the value  
of the variable. The symbol denotes the greatest integer of floor function ap
    plied to d. the floor function gives the largest integer less than or
  Example 1: A user is charged ₱300 monthly for a particular mobile   equal to d, e.g.
plan, which includes
100 free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are
charged ₱1 each. Represent
the amount a consumer pays each month as a function of the
   
number of messages
m sent in a month.

Solution: Let tሺmሻ represent the amount paid by the consumer each
month. It can be
expressed by the piecewise function

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