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ECE101: Digital System Design: Unit I

This document discusses different number systems including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It describes the objectives as comprehending the weighting structure of each system and converting numbers between systems. The outcomes are listed as identifying different number systems, explaining the weight structure of each, and performing number conversions. Conversion methods between systems are outlined, such as dividing the number by the base and recording remainders for decimal to other system conversions or grouping bits and translating them digitally between binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems.

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Ezhil Ramanathan
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
112 views23 pages

ECE101: Digital System Design: Unit I

This document discusses different number systems including binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal. It describes the objectives as comprehending the weighting structure of each system and converting numbers between systems. The outcomes are listed as identifying different number systems, explaining the weight structure of each, and performing number conversions. Conversion methods between systems are outlined, such as dividing the number by the base and recording remainders for decimal to other system conversions or grouping bits and translating them digitally between binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems.

Uploaded by

Ezhil Ramanathan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECE101: Digital System Design

Unit I: Lecture 2
Number Systems

Dr.R.EZHILARASIE
Assistant Professor
School of Computing
SASTRA Deemed to be University

1
Objectives

• To comprehend the different number System and its weighting structure


– Binary, Decimal, Octal and Hexadecimal

• To convert the given number from one number system to other number system
Eg. Binary → Decimal , Decimal → Binary , Binary→ Hexadecimal, Decimal → Octal etc.,

2
Objectives

• To comprehend the different number System and its weighting structure


– Binary, Decimal, Octal and Hexadecimal

• To convert the given number from one number system to other number system
Eg. Binary → Decimal , Decimal → Binary , Binary→ Hexadecimal, Decimal → Octal etc.,

3
Outcomes

• List different Number systems

• Explain the weight structure of each number system

• Perform number conversion

4
Number System

• Used to represent the information

• Commonly used Number System

– Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal

• Any number system there is an ordered set of symbols : Digits

• Collection of these digits make a number

• Contains two part: Integer & Fractional and separated by a radix point

5
Decimal Number System
• Decimal number system contain ten digits: 0 through 9

• Ten distinct digits: base of 10

• Value of each digit in a number can be determined using


– Position of the digit in the number

– Base of the number system

• Positional Weights in Decimal Number System:


. …

• E.g. 34.23

6
Binary Number System
• Uses two digits 0 and 1 : Base two system

• 0 and 1:bits

• Positional weights in Binary system:



. …

• E.g. 1101.011

7
Octal Number System
• Uses eight digits 0 through 7 : Base eight system

• Used extensively in early microcomputers

• Sets of 3 bit binary numbers can be represented by a single octal number

• Positional weights in Octal system:


. …

• E.g. (73.25)8 = 7*8^1+3*8^0 (.) + 2*8^-1+5*8^-2 = 7*8+3*1+2*0.125+5*0.015625

= 56+3+0.25+0.078

= 59.3210
8
Hexadecimal Number System
• Uses 16 digits 0 through 9 plus A,B,C,D,E,F : Base sixteen system

• Sets of 4 bit binary numbers can be represented by single hex number

• Used extensively in memory organization

• Positional weights in hexadecimal system:



. …

• E.g. 2A.31 = 2∙161+10∙160+3∙16-1+1∙16-2 = 2*16+10*1+3*0.063+1*0.004

= 32+10+0.189+0.004= 42.19310

9
Number Conversion
• Human uses decimal number system but computer uses binary number system: Decimal to Binary

• Binary to Decimal :when computer displays the result

• Large quantity of binary bits: inconvenient


– Binary → Octal or Hexadecimal

• Number base conversions


– Decimal → Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal

– Binary →Decimal / Octal / Hexadecimal

– Octal → Decimal / Binary / Hexadecimal

– Hexadecimal → Decimal / Binary /Octal

10
Decimal to Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal
Steps:
1. Divide the integer part of decimal number by desired base , store the quotient and remainder
2. Consider quotient as a new decimal number and repeat step 1 until quotient becomes 0
3. List the remainders in the reverse order

E.g. 34

11
Decimal to Binary / Octal / Hexadecimal

Decimal to Binary Decimal to Octal Decimal to Hexadecimal


(34)10 = (100010)2 (34)10 = (42)8 (28)10 = (?)16

12
Decimal fractions to Binary / Octal/ Hexadecimal
Steps:
1. Multiply the fractional part of decimal number by desired base
2. Record the integer part of product as carry and fractional part as new fractional part
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 until fractional part of product becomes zero or desired digits are obtained.
4. Read Carries downwards to get desired base

E.g. 0.65

13
Decimal fractions to Binary/ Octal / Hecxadecimal

Decimal fractions to Binary Decimal fractions to Octal Decimal fractions to


Hexadecimal
(0.23)10 = (?)2 (0.23)10 = (?)8 (0.23)10 = (?)16

14
Binary to Decimal: Octal to Decimal: Hexadecimal to Decimal
Step:
• Sum of all digits multiplied by their weights (in a power of desired base) gives the
decimal equivalent

15
Binary to Octal
Octal Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

Steps
• Make group of 3-bits starting from LSB for integer and MSB for fractional part, by adding 0s at the
end if required
• Convert each 3-bit group to the equivalent octal digit
• E.g. (11001.101011)2

16
Binary to Hexadecimal
Dec 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Hex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
Bin 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Steps
• Make group of 4-bits starting from LSB for integer part and MSB for fractional part, by adding 0s at
the end if required
• Convert each 4-bit group to the equivalent hexadecimal digit
• E.g.(11001.101011)2

17
Octal to Binary
Octal Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111

Steps:
• Write equivalent 3-bit binary number for each octal digit
• Remove any leading or trailing zeros
• E.g. 246.71

18
Octal to Hexadecimal
Steps:
• Convert Octal → Binary
• Convert Binary → Hexadecimal equivalent
• E.g. 246.71

19
Hexadecimal to Binary
Steps:
• Write equivalent 4-bit binary number for each hexadecimal digit
• Remove any leading or trailing zeros
• Eg: 24A

20
Hexadecimal to Octal
Steps:
• Convert Hexadecimal → Binary
• Convert Binary → Octal equivalent
• Eg: 24A

21
Summary

• List the different number system

• Weighting Structure of each number system


– Position
– Base of the System

• Number Conversions

22
Thank You

23

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