Technical Drawing 8

1st Quarter, Week 1

S.Y. 2021-2022
Name: ____________________________________ Date: _____________________
Section: ___________________________________ Score: ____________________

Topic: Geometric Figures

Learning Competency: Perform Mensuration and Calculation
Learning Targets: To identify, classify and interpret geometrical figures to be measured which can be applied
in technical drawing
References: Competency-Based Learning Material (Second Year) – Drafting Technology, page 3-11
Concept Notes:

The geometric figures commonly used in drawing pictures are lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals,
regular polygons, circles and arcs and solids.
 Line
- is a set of points. A portion of the line between two distinct points is called a line segment. The
following are the different kinds of lines:
 Straight Line – it is the shortest distance between two points.
 Parallel Lines – these are lines on the same plane which will not meet no matter how long you
extend them.
 Perpendicular Lines – these are two intersecting lines which form right angles.

 Angle
- Is a figure formed by two rays with common endpoint. Angles are classified according to their measures.
The following are the different kinds of angles:
 Straight Angle – is an angle whose measure is 1800.
 Right Angle – is an angle whose measure is 900.
 Acute Angle – is an angle whose measure is less than 900.
 Obtuse Angle – is an angle whose measure is more than 900 but less than 1800.
 Complementary Angles – these are two angles whose sum measures 900.
 Supplementary Angles – these are two angles whose sum measures 1800.
 Polygon
- is a closed figure formed by line segments intersecting at endpoints. The line segments are called sides
of the polygon. Polygon is classified according to the number of sides. The following are the different
kinds of polygon:
 Triangle – is a three-sided polygon. The different kinds of triangles are as follows:
a) Equilateral – has all three sides equal.
b) Isosceles – has two of the sides equal.
c) Scalene – has three sides of unequal length.
d) Right – is where one of the angles is a right angle.

 Quadrilateral – it is a four sided polygon. The different kinds of quadrilaterals are as follows:
a) Parallelogram – is a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides parallel and equal.
b) Rectangle – is a parallelogram with a right angle.
c) Square – is a rectangle with four equal sides.
d) Rhombus – is a parallelogram with a four equal sides.
e) Trapezoid – is a quadrilateral with one pair of opposite sides parallel in which one of
them is longer than the other.
f) Isosceles trapezoid – is a trapezoid with its nonparallel sides equal.
g) Trapezium – is a quadrilateral with no parallel sides and no equal angles.
 Pentagon – is a five-sided polygon. If all the sides and angles of the pentagon are equal, it is a
regular pentagon. The measure of each included angle is 1080.
 Hexagon – is polygon with six sides. If all the sides and angles are equal, it is a regular hexagon.
The measure of each included angle of a regular hexagon is 1200.
 Heptagon – is a polygon with seven sides. If all the sides and angles are equal, it is a regular
heptagon and the measure of each angle is approximately equal to 128.560.
 Octagon – is a polygon with eight sides. If all the sides and angles are equal, it is a regular
octagon and the measure of each angle is 1350.
 Nonagon – is a polygon with nine sides. If all the sides and angles are equal, it is a regular
nonagon and the measure of each angle is 1400.
 Decagon – is a polygon with ten sides. If all the sides and angles are equal, it is a regular decagon
and the measure of each angle is 1440.

 Circle
 - Is a closed curve, all points are equally distant from the center. An arc is a portion of the circumference
of the circle. The following are terms related to a circle or parts of a circle.
 Concentric Circles – consist of two or more circles with a common center.
 Eccentric Circles – are circles having no common center.
 Ellipse – is an oblique circle with two axes, the minor axis and the major axis.
 Radius – is a line segment from the center to any point on the circle.
 Chord – is a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle.
 Diameter – is a chord that passes through the center.
 Sector – is a portion of a circle bounded by two radii and the intercepted arc.
 Segment – is a portion of a circle bounded by an arc and a chord.
 Circumference – is the distance around the circle. The circumference is equal to the diameter
multiplied by 3.1416.
 Quadrant – is one-fourth of the entire area of the circle.

 Solid
- Is a three-dimensional figure. The three dimensions are the length, width and height. The following are
the different kinds of solids:
 Sphere – is a three dimensional figure whose points are located at a constant distance away from
the center.
 Prism – is a three dimensional figure with a polygonal base and triangular lateral faces.
 Cube – is a prism whose faces are congruent squares. An example of a cube is a dice.
 Cylinder – is a solid figure with two circular bases in parallel plane and parallel line segments
connecting to these bases. An example of a cylinder is a tin can.
 Cone – is solid figure with a circular base and a surface formed by line segments joining every
point on the edge of the base to a common point in a parallel plane.
 Hexahedron – is a solid figure composed of six triangles.
 Tetrahedron – is a solid figure composed of four equilateral triangles.
 Dodecahedron – is a solid figure bounded by twelve equal regular pentagons.
 Icosahedron – is a solid figure bounded by twenty equilateral triangles.
 CUBE

Activity 1:
Direction: Analogy. Identify the correct word that has the same relationship to the word as the first pair. Write
the answer on the space provided.
1. Quadrilateral : Rhombus ; _______________________ : Isosceles
2. Circle : Sphere ; Square : ________________________
0 0
3. 108 : Pentagon ; 144 : ___________________________
4. Straight : Polygon ; _______________________ : Circle
5. Line : Triangle ; _______________________ : Compass

Activity 2:
Direction: Identify the following geometric figures and solids below.