STATE OF CALIFORNIA

_____________

RULES
FOR

Overhead Electric Line Construction

Prescribed by the
PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION

OF THE

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
GENERAL ORDER No. 95
May 2018

217418779
(This Page Intentionally Left Blank)
 Contents

Introductory Page

Contents i
List of Tables iii
Change List v
Preface ix
Decision No 34884, Case No. 4324
(Ordering Adoption of General Order No. 95) xi

Sections Page

I. General Provisions I-1

II. Definition of Terms as Used in the Rules of This Order II-1
III. Requirements for All Lines III-1
IV. Strength Requirements for All Classes of Lines IV-1
V. Detailed Construction Requirements for Supply Lines
(Class H, L and T Circuits) V-1
VI. Detailed Construction Requirements for Tower Lines and
Extra High Voltage Lines (Class E Circuits) VI-1
VII. Detailed Construction Requirements for Trolley and Electric Railway Contact
and Feeder Conductors and Their Supporting Messengers, Span Wires, Etc.
(Class T Circuits) VII-1
VIII. Detailed Construction Requirements for Communication Lines
(Class C Circuits) VIII-1
IX. Joint Poles or Poles Jointly Used IX-1
X. Supply and Communication Lines in Line Crossings or Conflicts X-1
XI. Supply Lines or Communication Lines Crossing Over Railroads XI-1

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Appendices Page

Appendix A Loading Districts A-1

Appendix B Mechanical and Loading Data for Conductors B-1
Appendix C Conductor Sags C-1
Appendix D Typical Communication Line Construction D-1
Appendix E Clearance of Poles, Towers and Structures from Railroad
Tracks E-1
Guidelines to Rule 35 E-2
Appendix F Typical Problems F-1
Appendix G Typical Illustrative Diagrams of Rules G-1
Appendix H Settlement Agreement H-1
Appendix I Examples of Rule 18 Priority Levels and Safety Hazards I-1
Appendix J Exceptions from the Maximum Time Period for Corrective
Actions for Level 3 Conditions in Rule 18 J-1
_______________________________________________________________________
Index
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Tables

Table Rule Title

1 37 Basic Minimum Allowable Vertical Clearances of Wires Above Railroads Thoroughfares,
Ground or Water Surfaces, etc.
2 38 Basic Minimum Allowable Clearance of Wires from Other Wires at Crossings, etc.
2–A 39 Minimum Clearances of Wires From Signs Mounted on Buildings and Isolated Structures
3 42 Grades of Construction
4 44.1 Minimum Safety Factors
5 48.1 Wood Strengths
6 49.1–C Pole Setting Depths of Wood Poles
7 49.3–B Size and Material of Tie Wires
8 49.4–B Minimum Conductor Sizes (150–Foot Spans or Less)
9 49.6–B Minimum Size and Strength of Guys Crossing Over Class E, H, L, T, or C Circuits
10 54.8–B4b Minimum Allowable Clearance of Service Drops of 0 - 750 Volts from Buildings
11 54.8–C1 Minimum Radial Clearance Between Supply Service Drop Conductors and Communication
Line Conductors Not on Messengers
12 55.3–C Insulator Flashover Voltages
13 56.8–C Guy Insulator Flashover Voltages
58.1 58.1–B Unprotected Bus and Lead Wire Clearances
58.2 58.1–B Clearances of Ungrounded Cases from Line Conductors
14 Table 14 deleted November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.
15 84.8–D1 Minimum Radial Clearance Between Communications Service Drops and Line Conductors
16 86.8–C Guy Insulator Flashover Voltages
17 App. B Copper Wire - Bare, Solid - Characteristics and Loading
18 App. B Copper Wire - Bare, Stranded and Solid - Characteristics and Loading
19 App. B Copper Wire - Stranded and Solid, Double Braid Weatherproof - Characteristics and
Loading
20 App. B Copper Wire - Stranded and Solid, Triple Braid Weatherproof - Characteristics and Loading
21 App. B Galvanized Steel and Iron Wire - Bare, Solid - Characteristics and Loading
22 App. B Copper Covered Steel, Strand, Solid and Composite - Characteristics and Loading
23 App. B Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced - Bare - Characteristics and Loading
24 App. B Mechanical Characteristics of Galvanized Steel Strand

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 General Order Number 95
Public Utilities Commission of the State of California
Rules for Overhead Electric Line Construction

Adopted December 23, 1941 Effective July 1, 1942

Decision No. 34884, Case No. 4324

Change list— The following is a list of Decisions and Resolutions which authorize statewide general changes
to this Order, applicable to all operators of overhead lines.

Decision or Resolution Date Effective Rules Herein Revised, Deleted or Added

No.
Decision No. 41134 February 1, 1948 36., 37., Table 1, 54.5–B1, 74.4–B1, 77.4–A
Resolution No. E–756 May 29, 1951 49.4–C7a, 54.8–A
Resolution No. E–762 October 2, 1951 54.8–B4a
Resolution No. E–862 September 14, 1954 51.6–A, 52.4–A
Resolution No. E–949 February 11, 1957 54.9–C1, 54.9–C2, 54.9–D
Resolution No. E–1011 February 3, 1959 103.1–A
Resolution No. E–1030 June 8, 1959 56.6–D
Resolution No. E–1068 July 1, 1960 39, Table 2–A
Resolution No. E–1088 May 1, 1961 22.2, 54.6–C, 84.6–B
Resolution No. E–1109 January 2, 1962 22.10, 31.3,37, Table 1, 54.4–A4, 54.8–B5, 54.10,
56.4–A3, 84.4–A5, 84.8–C5, 86.4–A3, 91.3

Decision No. 66707 February 7, 1964 20.6, 20.8–D, 21.10, 22.0–D, 31.5, 37, Table 1, 38,
Table 2, 54.4–C4b, 54.4–C4c, 54.4D–2, 54.4–D6b,
54.4–D6c, 54.6–D, 54.6–E, 54.6–F, 54.7–A, 55.3–D,
58.3–C3, 58.3–D, 91.1, Appendix G, Figs. 87, 88

Decision No. 67820 September 15, 1964 56.9, 86.9

Decision No. 68835 April 26, 1965 48.1, Table 5

Decision No. 69071 June 7, 1965 22.2–C, 54.6–C, 54.6–D, 54.6–E, 54.8–C2, 84.6–D,
84.6–E, 84.8–D2, Appendix G Fig 61.

Decision No. 70489 March 29, 1966 20.7, 32.4–A2, 32.4–C1, 33.1, 33.3–B, 37, Table 1,
51.6–A, 52.4–B2c, 52.4–B2e, 52.4–B3, 54.4–A1,
54.4–A2, 54.4–C4c, 54.4–D2, 54.4–D8b, 54.4–H2,
54.4–I, 54.6–F, 54.7–A4, 54.9–E1, 54.9–E4, 54.4–E,
56.6–A, 56.6–B, 56.6–D, 56.6–E, 58.3–B3e, 58.3–E,
58.4–B–3b, 59.2, 59.3–B, Table 14, 59.3–D, 59.4–
A2, 59.4–B1, 59.4–C, 86.4–E, 86.6–A, 86.6–B, 86.6–
C, 86.6–D, 86.7–A1, 86.7–A2, 89.2–A, 89.3, 92.1–A,
App. G Figs. 6, 9, 20, 21, 22, 33, 43, 45, 46, 47, 52,
87.

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 Decision No. 71009 July 26, 1966 22.0–E, 22.8, 44.1, Table 4, 48.6, 49.1–A, 54.6–B,
54.6–F.

Decision No. 71094 August 9, 1966 20.7, 32.4–A2, 32.4–C1, 33.1, 33.3–B, 37, Table 1,
51.6–A, 52.4–B2c, 52.4–B2e, 52.4–B3, 54.4–A1,
54.4–A2a, 54.4–A2b, 54.4–C4c, 54.4–D2, 54.4–D8b,
54.4–H2, 54.4–I, 54.6–F, 54.7–A4, 54.9–E1, 54.9–
E4, 56.4–E, 56.6–A, 56.6–B, 56.6–D, 56.6–E, 58.3–
B3e, 58.3–E, 58.4–B3b, 59.2, 59.3–B, Table 14,
59.3–D, 59.4–A2, 59.4–B1, 59.4–C, 86.4–E, 86.6–A,
86.6–B, 86.6–C, 86.6–D, 86.7–A1, 86.7–A2, 89.2–A,
89.3, 92.1–A, App. G Figs. 6, 9, 20, 21, 22, 33, 43,
45, 46, 47, 52, 87.

Decision No. 72681 July 17, 1967 79.1, 79.2, 79.3, 79.4, 79.5, 79.6

Decision No. 72984 September 18, 1967 12.3, 22.2–B, 37, Table 1, 38, Table 2, 49.4–C7a,
52.7–D, 53.4–A2, 53.4–A3, 53.4–A3a, 54.4–D7b,
54.6–F, 54.7–A2, 54.7–A3b, 54.7–A4, 54.8–B4b,
54.9–E1, 58.3–B7, 58.4–B6, 58.5–D, 92.2

Decision No. 73455 January 6, 1968 16, 20.8, 20.9, 20.10, 21.5, 21.7–D, 22.2–D, 44.1,
Table 4, 49.5–D, 54.4–C4b, 54.4–D6b, 54.6–A,,
54.6–C, 54.6–D, 54.6–H, 54.7–A, 54.8–B4a, 54.8–
B4b, Table 10, 54.11, 55.3–B, 56.6–D, 84.6–F.

Decision No. 73722 February 14, 1968 56.4–C4, 86.4–C4.

Decision No. 73813 March 30, 1968 20.5–D, 20.8, 21.7–C, 33.1, 37, Table 1, 38, Table 2,
39, Table 2–A, 42, Table 3, 44, 44.1, Table 4, 48.2,
49.1–A, 49.6–B, Table 9, 50, 51.6–A, 54.4–A1, 54.4–
C2a, 54.4–C7, Section VI, 100, 103.2, 113.2

Decision No. 74342 July 22, 1968 38, Table 2, 49.3–B, Table 7, 54.4–D6b, 54.6–D6,
54.8–B4b, 54.11–G, app. G Fig. 15.

Decision No. 78516 April 2, 1971 22.2–E.

Decision No. 81871 September 12, 1973 22.2–C.

Decision No. 81872 September 12, 1973 22.2–D, 54.6–E.

Decision No. 82466 February 13, 1974 44, 44.1, Table 4, 48.3–B, 49.1–A, 49.1–C, 49.2–A,
49.2–B.

Resolution No. E–1401 July 16, 1974 58.3–C1c.

Decision No. 83420 September 11, 1974 38, Table 2, 58.3–C3, 59.4–A.

Resolution No. E–1689 June 21, 1977 84.6–E.

Decision No. 87964 October 12, 1977 52.4–E.

Decision No. 89022 June 27, 1978 74.4–E.

Decision No. 89125 August 24, 1978 54.11–H.

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 Decision No. 91030 November 20, 1979 56.6–A, 56.6–B, 56.6–E, 56.8, Table 13, 86.4–E,
86.6–A, 86.6–B, 86.6–C, 86.6–D, 86.7–A2, 86.8,
Table 16, App. G Figs. 45, 46, 47 and 52.

Decision No. 91186 January 8, 1980 22.0–D, 32.3, 37, 54.4–D3, 54.8–D1, 54.10–B1,
54.10–B6, 57.4–H, 74.4–D, 84.4–D4a, 84.8–E1,
87.4–D5, Table 1 Case 10 and revise references
(u)6, (oo), (pp), (qq), (rr) and (ss).

Resolution No. E–1863 February 13, 1980 22.2–C, 22.2–D, 54.6–C2,54.6–E, 84.6–B, 84.6–E.

Resolution No. E–3076 March 9, 1988 15, 20.10–delete, 22.2–F–add, 37, Table 1–add
Cases 11 & 12 and references (tt), (uu), (vv), (ww),
(xx); 38, Table 2–revise heading above Case 8, add
reference (pp) to Cases 8 & 9, revise Case 20, delete
reference (dd); 49.2–C2, 49.3–C2, 52.7–C, 52.7–D,
54.4–D7–delete, App. G, Fig. 13 & 14–delete, 54.4–
D8, 54.6–E, 54.7–A, 54.8–D1, 54.10–B6, 54.10–F,
54.11, 57.4–H, 83.4–add, 84.4–D4a, 84.6–E, 84.7–E,
84.8–E1, 86.6–C, 87.4–D5, App. G, Figs. 39, 84 and
89–revise, 92.1–B.

Resolution No. SU–5 May 22, 1990 20.6, add 21.4 & 21.5, 22.2–C, 38, 51.6, 51.6–A,
52.4, 52.7–D., 54.4–C1c, 54.4–D1, 54.4–D8, 54.6–
C2, 54.6–F, 54.7–A, 54.7–A3, 54.7–B2, 54.11–F,
58.3–B3d, 58.3–B3e, 58.5–D, 59.7–B1, 84.7, 93.,
delete App. G Figs. 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 61.

Resolution No. SU–6 November 21, 1990 20.3, 20.5, 20.8, 54.4–A4, 54.4–C4c, 54.6–C4, 54.8–
B5, 56.4–A3, 56.9, 81.3, 84.4–A6, 84.4–A5, 84.8–C5,
86.4–A3, 84.4–E, 84.4–C1b,84. 4–D1, 84.4–D3,
84.7–A, 84.8–C4, 86.9, 87.4–C3.

Resolution No. SU–10 January 21, 1992 48, 49, Table 4, 52.7–F, 53.4, 54.4–A, 54.4–C4b,
54.4–D6b, 54.8, Table 10, 54.10–D, 54.12, 56.4–A1,
56.4–C2, 56.4–C3, 56.4–C4, 56.4–D, 56.4–F, 56.5,
56.6–A, 56.6–D, 56.7–A, 56.7–B, 56.7–C, 56.8–A,
56.8–C, 57.4–A, 57.4–B2, 57.4–F, 57.4–G, 57.5,
57.7, 59.3–A, 59.3–F, 74.4–E, 77.4–B, 84.8–A, 84.8–
B1, 84.8–B2, 84.8–C, 84.8–C1, 84.8–C2, 84.8–C3,
84.8–D1, 92.1–F4.

Resolution No. SU–15 November 6, 1992 20.7, 20.8–G, 21.12, 22.0–F, 22.8, 34, 35, 54.4–C7,
54.4–H1, 54.4–I, Figure 54–24, 54.7–B, 54.8, Table
10, 54.8–G, 59.3–A, 59.3–B, Table 14 deleted, 59.3–
D, 59.3–E4, 59.4–A1, 59.4–A2, 59.4–B, 59.4–C,
61.6–A, 61.6–B, 61.7, 83.4, 84.4–D4a, 84.4–E, 84.4–
F, 84.8–D, 84.8–E, 84.8–E1, 86, 92.1–F1, Appendix
E.

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 Resolution No. SU–25 January 19, 1994 20.5–A, 20.5–B, 20.10, 20.8–E, 22.2, 23.1, 23.1–A,
23.2, 23.2–A, 33.2, 38, Table 2, 49.1–C, 51.6–A,
51.6–B, 52.4, 52.5, 52.7, 54.4–G, 54.4–H1, 54.6–C,
54.6–D, 54.6–E, 54.6–F, 54.6–G, 54.6–H, 54.6–I,
54.7–A, 54.12–F1, 54.12–F2, 56.4–C, 58.1, 58.2,
58.3, 58.4, 58.5, 58.6, 70, 84.6–B, 84.6–D, 84.6–E,
86.4, 86.4–A1, 91.4, 104, 114 deleted, Appendix E,
Appendix G, Figures 57 through 59 deleted

Resolution No. SU–35 September 7, 1995 20.5–A1

Decision No. 96–09–097 September 20, 1996 35, 37 Table 1, Appendix E

Resolution SU–40 October 9, 1996 20.0, 20.1, 33.3–B, 34–B, 37 Table 1, 38 Table 2,
48.1, Table 5, 49.1–C, 53.4, 54.4–D8, 54.4–G, 54.6–
A, 54.6–B, 54.7–A, 54.7–B, 54.9, Figures 54–13
through 54–18, Figures 54–20 through 54–23
(moved Appendix G Figures 32, 33, 43 and 60 into
text), 54.10, 54.11–F, 54.11–G, 54.12–F3, 56.4–A1,
56.4–C2, 56.9, 74.4–B2, Figure 74–2 (moved
Appendix G Figures 62 and 63 into text), 83.4–A,
84.4–E, 84.6–D, 84.6–E, 84.8–C4, 86.4–A1, 86.4–F,
86.8–C, 86.9, 87.1, 87.4–H added, 87.7–D, 87.9,
92.1–F, 92.4

Decision No. 97–01–044 January 23, 1997 35, 37 Table 1, Appendix E

Decision No. 97–10–056 October 22, 1997 35

Decision No. 05-01-030 January 13, 2006 12.5, 12.6, 17, 20.3, 20.8-G, 20.8-H, 20.9-D 21.4,
22.0-C, 22.2-A, 22.2-B, 23.3-A, 31.6, 35, 37, Table 1,
Table 2, 44.1, 44.2, 48.2, 49.1-A, 49.1-C, 49.2-E,
51.6, 54.6-A, 54.6-B, 54.7-A3, 54.8 Table 10, 54.8-
B3, 54.10-E, 58.1, 58.2, 61, 74.4-B1, 77.4-A, 81.3-A,
83.4, 84.6-D, 84.7-E, 87.10, 92, Deleted Tables 26
and 27

Decision No. 07-02-030 August 14, 2007 20.0, 94, Appendix H

Decision No. 08-10-017 June 29, 2009 Table 2, 91.3-B, 92.1-F2, 94

Decision No. 09-08-029 August 20, 2009 12, 18, 19, 35, Table 1, Table 2, 44.2, 44.3
Appendix E, Page 2

Decision No. 12-01-032 January 12, 2012 11, 18, 23, 31.1, 31.2, 35, Table 1, 44.1, 44.2, 44.3,
44.4, 80.1, 91.5, and Appendix E, Page 2

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 Decision No. 13-06-011 June 27, 2013 80.1-A1, and 80.1-B

Decision No. 14-02-015 February 5, 2014 42, 42-Table 3, 43, 43.1-C, 43.2-C, 44, 44.1, 44.1-Table
4, 44.2, 44.3, ,45, 45.1, 46, 47, 48, 48.1, 48.1 - Table 5,
48.2, 48.4, 48.5, ,48.6, 48.7, 49.1-A, 49.1-B, 49.1-C,
49.2-A, 49.2-C, 49.2-E, 49.3-C2, 49.4-B - Table 8, ,49.4-
C5, 49.7-B, 49.7-C, 49.8, 54.10-E, 54.10-G, 54.10-H,
81.3-A, 84.5, 101.2, , and 111.3,

Decision No. 15-01-005 January 21, 2015 37-Table 1, 51.7, 54.6-E, 54.9-C, 57.4-A3i, 58.1-A1,
58.3-D4, 71.7, 81.6, 84.4-C2, 84.4-E, 84.4-F, 84.7, 87.4,
87.7-D, Figure 84-2, Figure 84-3, Figure 84-4, Figure 84-
5, 91.3-B, 91.4, Appendix G Fig 10 and Fig 11.

Decision No. 16-01-046 January 28, 2016 21.0-D, 87.7-B, 94.5-A, 94.6-C, 94.9, 94.11, and 94.12.

Decision No. 17-12-024 (as December 14, 2017 18, 21.2-D, 35-Table 1 Case 14 and Reference hhh, 38,
corrected by D.18-02-001) 80.1-A1, 80.1-B, and Appendix E.

Decision No. D.18-05-042 The effective date of this Decision is May 31, 18, and 80.1-A2
2018, however, the implementation date for the
amendments to Rule 18 adopted in this Decision
is June 30 2019.

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 Preface
The rules and regulations contained in this General Order embody the results of
extensive investigations and mature study. By means of development from
committee work in which all branches of the electric industry have taken part,
these rules reflect long years of experience gained in the construction, operation
and maintenance of overhead electric lines of all types. Furthermore, knowledge
gained from the application of rules and regulations of this nature has
generously contributed to the formulation of the rules contained herein.

On April 22, 1911, the State Legislature passed an act (Chapter 499, Statutes of
1911) which regulated the erection and maintenance of poles, wires, etc.,
employed in overhead electric line construction. In 1915 the Legislature issued
Chapter 600, which amended Chapter 499. The Statues of 1915 required the
Railroad Commission to inspect all work affected by the provisions of the act,
and to make such further additions and changes as it might deem necessary for
the protection of employees and the general public. The Railroad Commission
was charged with the duty of enforcing all provisions of the act and vested with
the authority to grant such additional time as was necessary to reconstruct lines
in conformity with the Statues above referred to.

On May 1, 1922, the Railroad Commission, after the many years of

administration of the provisions of the State Statutes, issued its General Order
No. 64 covering rules and regulations for overhead electric line construction. On
December 17, 1928, General Order 64–A was issued applicable to lines
constructed or reconstructed on and after that date.

During the period in which General Order 64–A has had its application, the
industry has witnessed, as usual, development and manufacture of new
materials and apparatus, use of new methods of installation and advancement in
the art generally. In the endeavor to keep the overhead line rules abreast of the
times, it is the general opinion of all interested parties that revision of the
existing Order was necessary in order to reflect in the rules the progress made in
the maintenance and construction of overhead lines, and at the same time to
bring about the necessary revisions, that practice has shown desirable, for the
protection and safety of workmen and the public in general. As such a revision is
concerned with a voluminous number of technical matters, including questions of
a controversial nature, it was deemed essential that all interested parties be
given an opportunity to freely and informally discuss any and all proposed
changes. A general committee representing all branches of the electric industry,
including representatives of labor and farm interests, was formed, which assisted
the Commission’s staff in this work. In addition, with respect to those
requirements in which there was lack of agreement, all interested parties had the
opportunity to present such evidence as desired at public hearings held in this
matter.
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The work of preparing the revision was under the general direction of Roy A.
Wehe, Gas and Electric Engineer and was assigned to Mr. S.S. Bloom, a Senior
Engineer of the engineering staff, who was assisted by Messrs. L.R. Knerr and
F.E. Emerson of that staff. Special effort has been made to express in clear and
concise form the meaning of each provision contained in the rules. It is
recognized that the rules are not complete construction specifications, but they
do embody minimum requirements which are capable of definite interpretation
sufficient to form the basis of working specifications for overhead electric line
construction. The illustrations, in Appendix G, of certain requirements are typical
and explanatory of some of the minimum requirements set forth in the rules.

The present form of the order is similar to that employed in its predecessor,
General Order 64–A, and has been adopted for the reasons that those concerned
have become accustomed over a period of years to the form of the latter, and
furthermore, it is believed that such form presents the subject matter clearly.
The first four sections cover rules of a general nature, which are not repeated in
the various succeeding sections and direct references are made to these general
requirements throughout the rules. Wherever possible, similar rule numbers in
the various sections cover similar subject matters. As an example of this feature
of the Order, rules for “Poles, Towers and Structures” in Sections V-Supply Lines,
VII — Trolley Lines, VIII — Communications Lines, IX — Joint Pole Lines, X —
Line Crossings, XI — Lines Crossing Railroads, are embodied in Rules 51, 71, 81,
91 101 and 111. Also, Rule 54.4–A covers rules for conductor clearances above
ground for Supply lines, while Rules 74.4–A and 84.4–A refer to similar
clearances for Trolley and Communication lines.

An alphabetical index is included as a ready means of reference; also a general

Table of Contents, Table of Section Contents and cross–referenced illustrations,
by which various rules may be found.

In conclusion the Commission desires to express its thanks to the men of the
industry who have assisted in the formulations of these rules, and who, by their
cooperative effort, have cordially supported the Commission and its staff in this
work.

Railroad Commission of the State of California

By H.G. Mathewson, Secretary
Dated December 23, 1941,
San Francisco, California

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 Decision No. 34884
Before the Railroad Commission of the
State of California
In the matter of the investigation on the Commission’s own motion into the reasonableness of
the rules for overhead electric line construction prescribed by General Order No. 64–A and
Supplements 1 and 2 thereto.

Case Number 4324

Decided December 23, 1941

J.J. Deuel, for California Farm Bueau Federation

James G. Marshall, for The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company and Southern California
Telephone Company
P.W. DuVal, for Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Joaquin Light and Power Corporation and
Midland Counties Public Service Corporation
Randolph Karr, Julian Adams, Frank Karr and E.L.H. Bissinger, for Pacific Electric Railway
Company.
E.E. Bennett and L.T. Jackson, for Union Pacific Railroad.
Ernest Irwin, for California Independent Telephone Association.
I.R. Dains, S.L. Foster and Charles Wagner, for Market Street Railway.
Paul Lebenbaum, for Southern Pacific Company, San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railroad,
Northwestern Pacific Railroad, Petaluma and Santa Rosa Railroad, Stockton Electric
Railway and Visalia Electric Railway Company.
A.C. Putnam, for Nevada–California Electric Corporation.
L.M. Perrin, for Public Utilities Commission of San Francisco, Municipal Railway of San Francisco
and Hetch Hetchy Water Supply.
C.E. Fletcher, for Sierra Pacific Power Company, Reno, Nevada.
F.A. Gift, for Western Union Telegraph Company.
G.E. Jenner, for San Diego Gas and Electric Company.
G.C. Larkin and W.E. Row, for Southern California Edison Company, Ltd.
M.O. Bolser and A.L. Williams, for Bureau of Power and Light, Los Angeles.
A.A. Smith, for Postal Telegraph–Cable Company.
M.A. deLew, for Tidewater Associated Oil Company and their Subsidiaries and also for Industrial
and Manufacturers of California.
H.F. Neill, for Sacramento Northern Railway.
W.H. Evans, for Sacramento Northern Railway Company and Tidewater Southern Railroad
Company and Central California Traction Company

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May 2018
C.W. Carpenter, for Western Pacific Railroad Company.
George E. Kimball, for Industrial Accident Commission of the State of California.
L.B. Yeager, for Los Angeles Railway Corporation.
Donohue, Richards and Hamlin, for Key System and East Bay Transit Company.
C.H. Rohrer, F.W. Bartholomew and J.C. Macdonald, for International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers and Electrical Workers State Association.
L.H. Anderson, for City of Palo Alto and California Municipal Utilities Association.
A.W. Cartmell, for the City of Pasadena.
G.E. Bishop, for Coast Counties Gas and Electric Company.
James A. Graham, for Department of Electricity, San Francisco.
C.E. Plummer, for Modesto Irrigation District.
Elbert E. Disck, for City of Redding.
C.R. Austin, for California Water and Telephone Company.
Arthur G. James, for City of Palo Alto.
Riley, Commissioner

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 Opinion
The present investigation, instituted by the Commission upon its own motion, is an inquiry into
the reasonableness of the rules governing the construction of overhead electric supply and
communication lines, as contained in General Order No. 64–A, effective March 1, 1929, and in
two supplements to that General Order which were issued in 1932 and 1934. 1 Revision of the
rules appears desirable as many changes have occurred since their adoptions, improvements
have been made in the art of constructing lines and in the equipment used; supplemental
modifications of the rules have been made and much experience has been gained in their
application. At the initial hearing in this matter of June 7, 1938, a General Committee
representing the various interested parties was formed to discuss and study the changes to be
made in the rules and to assist the members of the Commission’s staff in the redrafting. During
the succeeding period of three years, members of this General Committee 2 participated in 32
meetings, in which representatives of all interested parties took part, with the result that all
operators of electric supply and communication lines of the various classes were afforded the
opportunity of proposing, discussing and aiding in the drafting of new and changed provisions for
a revised order. Thereafter, members of the Commission’s staff prepared revised rules, in the
form of a suggested general order, which were the subject of an extended (four days) meeting of
the General Committee. After making some changes, this suggested general order was presented
in evidence by members of the Commission’s staff, at public hearings held on June 23, 24 and
25, 1941. Some objections and new recommendations were made by interested parties, following
which further changes were made and offered in evidence at a public hearing held on September
17, 1941, at which time the matter was submitted for decision.

1 1 Statutes 1911, chapter 499, prescribed certain regulations for the erection, use and maintenance of electric poles, wires, cables and appliances.
That statute provided that it should take effect six months from the date of its passage, insofar as it related to new work, and allowed five years in
which to reconstruct all then existing work and construction so as to comply with its provisions. In 1915 the Commission was empowered to grant
extensions of time within which to reconstruct existing lines. (Statutes 1915, chapter 600, L. A. G. & E. Corp., 11 C.R.C.291: Re Compliance
Investigation, 22 C.R.C. 651.) The 1915 amendment also empowered the Commission •to make such further additions and changes as said
commission may deem necessary for the purpose of safety to employees and the general public."
General Order No. 64 was adopted in 1922 (21 C.R.C. 659). It embodied modifications of earlier General Order No. 26 and contained numerous
requirements, including and additive to those contained in the statute. The present General Order No. 64-A was adopted in 1928 (32 C.R.C. 524).
2 General Committee:
S.S. Bloom, Chairman California Railroad Commission
L.R. Knerr California Railroad Commission
F.A. Gift Western Union Telegraph Company
T.J. Fleming California Independent Telephone Assn.
D.I. Cone The Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. and Southern California Telephone Company
S.J. Lisberger Pacific Gas and Electric Company
D.D. Smalley San Joaquin Light and Power Corp.* and Midland Counties Public Service Corporation*
W.E. Row Southern California Edison Company Ltd
A.C. Putnam The Nevada-California Electric Corporation**
A.L. Williams Bureau of Power and Light, Los Angeles
B.F. DeLanty Municipal Utilities, Pasadena
J.J. Deuel California Farm Bureau Federation
C.H. Rohrer# International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers & Electrical Workers State Association
G.E. Kimball Industrial Accident Commission
S.L. Foster Market Street Railway
Julian Adams Pacific Electric Railway
M.A. deLew Industrials
*Now Pacific Gas and Electric Company
**Now Southern California Edison Company
#Succeeded by F.W. Bartholomew and J.C. Macdonald

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May 2018
Rules of the character here before the Commission, for modification and revision, find a wide
application in public utility operation and service. In these respects, the rules not only provide a
standard of safety, both to the workman and to the public, but likewise materially contribute to
the standard of service rendered and also afford a means of coordination between different types
of lines, such as power and communication.

Under the terms of the new general order, existing facilities, lawfully erected in accordance with
earlier general orders, are permitted to be maintained according to the rules effective when such
facilities were constructed or reconstructed, except as to certain safety factor requirements
specified in Rule 12.2; but any lines constructed or reconstructed after the new general order
becomes effective, must comply with the rules therein contained. In other words, the new
general order does not require a complete and immediate reconstruction of existing lines installed
prior to its effective date. Such an order would be unreasonable to operators and to the public
alike. The new order, like its predecessors, is a part of a long–range progressive program
designed to eventually bring all lines up to the standards required in new construction.
Completion of that program is not economically feasible within a short period and, in fact, the
revision of the order at this time clearly indicates that no program may be considered complete
and static. There is another phase to the adoption of rules such as these, in that the rules must
not only be practical, from a physical point of view, but likewise they must be within reasonable
economic limits; otherwise costs to serve and consumer rates may be adversely and
unreasonably affected. Having in mind these considerations, Rule 12.3 in the new general order
permits prior construction to remain in service and provides
as follows:

“12.3 Lines Constructed Prior to This Order

The requirements of this Order, other than the safety factor requirements specified in
Rule 12.2, do not apply to lines or portions of lines constructed or reconstructed prior to
the effective date of this Order. In all other particulars, such lines or portions of lines
shall conform to the requirements of the rules in effect at the time of their construction
or reconstruction.”

For reasons hereinabove indicated, the Commission is of the opinion that Rule 12.3 of the new
general order (there is a similar provision in General Order No. 64–A) is a reasonable and
necessary provision and that it would be unreasonable to order wholesale and immediate
reconstruction of all existing overhead lines, as is sometimes urged. However, Rule 12.4 provides
that if “in its opinion, safety or public interest requires, the Commission may order reconstruction
or alteration of existing lines.”

The form of the new general order is similar to that of its predecessor, General Order No. 64–A.
Sections I to IV, inclusive, are generally applicable to all classes of electric lines, as specified in
the detailed provisions thereof. Section V embodies rules for supply lines (including trolley system
lines); Section VI for tower lines; Section VII for trolley lines; Section VIII for communication
lines; and Section IX provides special rules for all classes of lines on joint poles, while the rules of
other sections provide the ordinary rules which apply to the several classes of lines when placed
on joint poles. Furthermore, in addition to modifications of rules of General Order No. 64–A, the
new rules contain some provisions which have not appeared in any previous orders. Broadly
speaking, the changes to be incorporated in the new order will be both more and less restrictive,
according to the conditions and situations obtaining. The order instituting investigation states
that one of the purposes of the investigation was to consider the procedure to be followed in
obtaining authority to deviate from the rules and the conditions under which such authority may
be granted. In this respect Rule 15 of the new order provides, in substance, that the Commission
will consider applications which contain a full statement of existing conditions, together with the
reasons why authority to deviate is requested and is believed to be justifiable. That rule also

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May 2018
provides that, unless otherwise ordered, authority to deviate will be limited to the particular case
or the specific type of construction covered by the application.

Three of the larger operators have requested that the new general order not be made effective
until six months after promulgation, primarily because of the national defense situation. In view
of the war development and the heavy demand being placed upon the utilities, it is my opinion
that the request is reasonable and the order will provide an effective date of July 1, 1942. I
recommend the following order.

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 Order
The Commission, on its own motion, having instituted an investigation into the reasonableness of
rules governing overhead line construction, said investigation having been submitted following
the taking of evidence at public hearings and, based upon the record and upon the findings
contained in the foregoing opinion, it is hereby further found that the rules governing overhead
line construction contained in the attached General Order No. 95 are reasonable and should be
adopted, and

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that said General Order No. 95, attached hereto, be and it is hereby
adopted. Said General Order No. 95 shall supersede General Order No. 64–A, shall apply to all
overhead electric supply and communication lines coming within the jurisdiction of this
Commission, and shall become effective on July 1, 1942.

The foregoing opinion and order are hereby approved and filed as the opinion and order of the
Railroad Commission of the State of California.

Dated, San Francisco, California, December 23, 1941.

C.C. Baker
Ray L. Riley
Justus F. Craemer
Franck R. Havenner
Richard Sachse
Commissioners.

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 Section I
General Provisions

Rule Page

11 Purpose of Rules I-3

12 Applicability of Rules I-3
12.1 Construction and Reconstruction of Lines I-3
A. Service Drops I-3
B. Conductors I-3
C. Subordinate Element I-4
D. Replacement of Poles, Towers or Other Structures I-4
12.2 Maintenance of Lines I-4
12.3 Lines Constructed Prior to This Order I-5
12.4 Reconstruction or Alteration I-5
12.5 Emergency Installation I-5
12.6 Third Party Nonconformance I-5
13 Scope of Rules I-6
14 Limiting Conditions Specified I-6
15 Exemptions or Modifications I-6
15.1 Changes and Special Installations I-6
15.2 Experimental Installations I-7
15.3 Notification I-7
16 Saving Clause I-7
17 Investigation of Accidents I-7
18 Maintenance Programs and Resolution of Potential Violations of
General Order 95 and Safety Hazards I-8
A. Resolution of potential Violations of General Order 95
and Safety Hazards I-8
B. Maintenance Programs I-9
19 Cooperation with Commission Staff; Preservation of Evidence
Related to Incidents Applicability of Rules I-12

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 Section I
General Provisions
Rule 12.1–B

11 Purpose of Rules

The purpose of these rules is to formulate, for the State of California,

requirements for overhead line design, construction, and maintenance, the
application of which will ensure adequate service and secure safety to persons
engaged in the construction, maintenance, operation or use of overhead lines
and to the public in general.
Note: Revised January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032

12 Applicability of Rules

These rules apply to all overhead electrical supply and communication facilities
that come within the jurisdiction of this Commission, located outside of
buildings, including facilities that belong to non-electric utilities, as follows:

12.1 Construction and Reconstruction of Lines

The requirements apply to all such lines and extensions of lines

constructed hereafter and shall become applicable also to such lines
now existing, or any portion thereof, whenever they are reconstructed.

The reconstruction of an element of a line requires that all elements

subordinate to the reconstructed element meet the requirements of
these rules. For the purpose of this order reconstruction will be
construed to mean that work which in any way changes the identity of
the pole, tower or structure on which it is performed excepting:

A. Service Drops

Service drops may be added to existing plant without necessitating

changes in the circuit or line from which they originate.

B. Conductors

Conductors or circuits added to crossarms installed prior to March 1,

1929 will not be required to afford greater ground clearance than
the ground clearance provided by conductors of the same or higher
voltage classification which are already in place on such arms. All
other clearances with which such added conductors or circuits are
concerned shall be in accord with these rules.

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Rule 12.1-C

C. Subordinate Element

An element (such as a crossarm or a conductor) added to a pole,

tower or structure shall meet all requirements of these rules but
does not require any change in like elements already existing except
where the added element is related in buck arm construction to an
existing arm in which case all construction on the related arms shall
meet the requirements of these rules. A crossarm, pole, tower or
other structure to which any subordinate element is added shall
meet the strength safety factor requirements specified in Rule 44.3.
Note: Last paragraph added September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984.

D. Replacement of Poles, Towers or Other Structures

The replacement of poles, towers or other structures is considered

to be reconstruction and requires adherence to all strength and
clearance requirements of these rules. The clearances of the spans
adjacent to the new support need not be changed but the new
support shall be such that when the adjacent support is replaced
the span between will meet all the provisions of this Order.

12.2 Maintenance of Lines

All lines and portions of lines shall be maintained in such condition as to

provide safety factors not less than those specified in Rule 44.3. Lines
and portions of lines constructed or reconstructed on or after the
effective date of this Order shall be kept in conformity with the
requirements of this Order.

The restoration of clearance originally established prior to the effective

date of this Order, where the original clearance has been reduced by
additional sagging or other causes, is not considered to be
reconstruction and the reestablished clearance shall conform to the
requirements of the rules in effect at the time the original clearance
was established. The changing of clearance for any other purpose is
reconstruction and clearances so changed shall comply with the rules of
this Order applicable to reconstruction.

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 Rule 12.6

12.3 Lines Constructed Prior to This Order

The requirements of this Order, other than the safety factor

requirements specified in Rule 12.2, do not apply to lines or portions of
lines constructed or reconstructed prior to the effective date of this
Order. In all other particulars, such lines or portions of lines shall
conform to the requirements of the rules in effect at the time of their
construction or reconstruction.

Lines or portions of lines constructed or reconstructed before July 1,

1942, may conform to and be maintained in accordance with the
requirements of this Order, instead of the requirements in effect at the
time of such construction or reconstruction.

Note: Revised by Decision No. 72984

12.4 Reconstruction or Alteration

If, in its opinion, safety or public interest requires, the Commission may
order reconstruction or alteration of existing lines.

12.5 Emergency Installation

During Emergency conditions (e.g. localized storms and natural

disasters) the requirements of General Order 95 may be deferred.
Emergency installations shall be removed, replaced or relocated as
soon as practical.

Note: Added January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

12.6 Third Party Nonconformance

When a third party that is not subject to the requirements of this Order
causes a condition on or near a utility facility that does not conform
with this Order, the utility shall be allowed reasonable time to address
the condition by pursuing appropriate corrective action and/or
notification procedures. While addressing this condition, the utility is in
conformance with the Order.

Note: For purposes of this Rule, “reasonable time” is intended to account for the safety implications
associated with the condition, discussions with the third party, engineering and/or construction
manpower availability, and utility practices for addressing these types of conditions.

Note: Added January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030

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Rule 13

13 Scope of Rules

These rules are not intended as complete construction specifications, but

embody only the requirements which are most important from the standpoint
of safety and service. Construction shall be according to accepted good
practice for the given local conditions in all particulars not specified in the
rules.

14 Limiting Conditions Specified

The requirements specified in these rules as to spacing, clearance and

strength of construction are limiting conditions expressed as minimum or
maximum values as indicated. In cases where two or more requirements
establish limiting conditions the most stringent condition shall be met, thus
providing compliance with the other applicable conditions.

Greater strength of construction and more ample spacings and clearances

than herein specified may be desirable in some cases and may be provided
accordingly if other requirements are not violated in so doing.

15 Exemptions or Modifications

15.1 Changes and Special Installations

If, in a particular case or a special type of construction, exemption from

or modification of any of the requirements herein is desired, the
Commission will consider an application for such exemption or
modification when accompanied by a full statement of conditions
existing and the reasons why such exemption or modification is asked
and is believed to be justifiable. It is to be understood that, unless
otherwise ordered, any exemption or modification so granted shall be
limited to the particular case or special type of construction covered by
the application.

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 Rule 17-A

15.2 Experimental Installations

It is the intent of this rule to assist in advancements or changes in the

art without mitigation of safety. For this purpose, experimental
installations which deviate from one or more of these rules may be
made provided: Precautions are taken to secure safety to property and
to persons engaged in the construction, maintenance, and operation of
overhead systems, and to the public in general; and a full statement of
the conditions involved in such experimental installation is filed with the
Commission not less than 15 days prior to experimental modification of
facilities or construction of any experimental facilities. Where such
experimental modification or construction would result in clearances or
protection other than provided by these rules, a copy of such statement
shall concurrently be mailed to all utilities, local agencies or persons
likely to be affected by such installation.

15.3 Notification

For the purpose of keeping these rules up to date and reflecting the
latest state of the art, the Commission shall, at appropriate times,
advise interested parties of exemptions or modifications granted and
notifications received under the provisions of Rules 15.1 and 15.2.

Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076

16 Saving Clause

The Commission reserves the right to change any of the provisions of these
rules in specific cases when, in the Commission’s opinion, public interest
would be served by so doing.

Compliance with these rules is not intended to relieve a utility from other
statutory requirements not specifically covered by these rules.

Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.

17 Investigation of Accidents

A. Each owner or operator of supply lines shall establish procedures for the
Investigation of major accidents and failures for the purpose of
determining the causes and minimizing the possibility of recurrence.
Nothing in this rule is intended to extend, waive, or limit any claim of
attorney client privilege and/or attorney work product privilege.

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Rule 17-A1

(1) Definition of major accidents and failures:

(a) Incidents associated with utility facilities which cause property

damage estimated at or about the time of the incident to be
more than $50,000.

(b) Incidents resulting from electrical contact which cause personal

injury which require hospitalization overnight, or result in death.

EXCEPTION: Does not apply to motor vehicle caused incidents.

Note: Added January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

18 Maintenance Programs and Resolution of Potential Violations of

General Order 95 and Safety Hazards

For purposes of this rule, “Safety Hazard” means a condition that poses a
significant threat to human life or property.

A Resolution of Potential Violations of General Order 95 and Safety

Hazards

(1) Each company (including electric utilities and communications

companies) is responsible for taking appropriate corrective action to
remedy potential violations of GO 95 and Safety Hazards posed by its
facilities.
Upon completion of the corrective action, the company’s records
shall show, with sufficient detail, the nature of the work, the date,
and the identity of persons performing the work. These records shall
be preserved by the company for at least ten (10) years.
(2) Where a communications company’s or an electric utility’s
(Company A’s) actions result in potential violations of GO 95 for
another entity (Company B), that entity’s (Company B’s) remedial
action will be to transmit a single documented notice of identified
potential violations to the communications company or electric utility
(Company A) within a reasonable amount of time not to exceed 180
days after the entity discovers the potential violations of GO 95. If
the potential violation constitutes a Safety Hazard, such notice shall
be transmitted within ten (10) business days after the entity
discovers the Safety Hazard.

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 Rule 18-B

(3) If a company, while performing inspections of its facilities, discovers

a Safety Hazard(s) on or near a communications facility or electric
facility involving another company, the inspecting company shall
notify the other entity of such Safety Hazard(s) no later than ten
(10) business days after the discovery.
(4) To the extent a company that has a notification requirement under
(2) or (3) above cannot determine the facility owner/operator, it
shall contact the pole owner(s) within ten (10) business days if the
subject of the notification is a Safety Hazard, or otherwise within a
reasonable amount of time not to exceed 180 days after discovery.
The notified pole owner(s) shall be responsible for promptly
(normally not to exceed five business days) notifying the company
owning/operating the facility if the subject of the notification is a
Safety Hazard, or otherwise within a reasonable amount of time not
to exceed 180 days, after being notified of the potential violation of
GO 95.
(5) A company receiving a notification under (2), (3), or (4) above shall
take appropriate corrective action consistent with the provisions of
this rule. For at least ten (10) years, the documentation of the
notice shall be maintained by both the notifying and receiving parties
and documentation of the correction shall be maintained by the
receiving party.

Note: Each pole owner must be able to determine all other pole owners on poles it owns.
Each pole owner must be able to determine all authorized entities that attach
equipment on its portion of a pole.

B Maintenance Programs

Each company (including electric utilities and communications companies)

shall establish and implement an auditable maintenance program for its
facilities and lines for the purpose of ensuring that they are in good
condition so as to conform to these rules. Each company must describe in
its auditable maintenance program the required qualifications for the
company representatives who perform inspections and/or who schedule
corrective actions. Companies that are subject to GO 165 may maintain
procedures for conducting inspections and maintenance activities in
compliance with this rule and with GO 165.
The auditable maintenance program must include, at a minimum, records
that show the date of the inspection, type of equipment/facility inspected,
findings, and a timeline for corrective actions to be taken following the
identification of a potential violation of GO 95 or a Safety Hazard on the
company’s facilities.

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Rule 18-B1

(1) Companies shall undertake corrective actions within the time periods
stated for each of the priority levels set forth below.

Scheduling of corrective actions within the time periods below may

be based on additional factors, including the following factors, as
appropriate:
• Type of facility or equipment;
• Location, including whether the Safety Hazard or potential
violation is located in the High Fire-Threat District;
• Accessibility;
• Climate;
• Direct or potential impact on operations, customers, electrical
company workers, communications workers, and the general
public.
(a) The maximum time periods for corrective actions associated with
potential violation of GO 95 or a Safety Hazard are based on the
following priority levels:

(i) Level 1 -- An immediate risk of high potential impact to

safety or reliability:
• Take corrective action immediately, either by fully
repairing or by temporarily repairing and reclassifying to
a lower priority.
(ii) Level 2 -- Any other risk of at least moderate potential
impact to safety or reliability:
• Take corrective action within specified time period
(either by fully repair or by temporarily repairing and
reclassifying to Level 3 priority). Time period for
corrective action to be determined at the time of
identification by a qualified company representative, but
not to exceed: (1) six months for potential violations
that create a fire risk located in Tier 3 of the High Fire-
Threat District; (2) 12 months for potential violations
that create a fire risk located in Tier 2 of the High Fire-
Threat District; (3) 12 months for potential violations
that compromise worker safety; and (4) 36 months for
all other Level 2 potential violations.
(iii) Level 3 -- Any risk of low potential impact to safety or
reliability:

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 Rule 18-B2

• Take corrective action within 60 months subject

to the exception specified below.
EXCEPTION – Potential violations specified in Appendix J
or subsequently approved through Commission
processes, including, but not limited to, a Tier 2 Advice
Letter under GO 96B, that can be completed at a future
time as opportunity-based maintenance.
Where an exception has been granted, repair of a
potential violation must be completed the next time the
company’s crew is at the structure to perform tasks at
the same or higher work level, i.e., the public,
communications, or electric level. The condition’s
record in the auditable maintenance program must
indicate the relevant exception and the date of the
corrective action.

Note: Appendix I contains illustrative examples of potential violations of GO 95 and Safety

Hazards, and their priority levels used to determine the maximum time period for corrective
action.

(b) Correction times may be extended under reasonable

circumstances, such as:
• Third party refusal
• Customer issue
• No access
• Permits required
• System emergencies (e.g. fires, severe weather conditions)

(2) Commission staff may direct a company to correct violation(s) of

GO 95 at specific location(s) sooner than the maximum time periods
contained in this rule.

Note: Added August 20, 2009 by Decision No. 09-08-029. Revised January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032, December 14,
2017 by Decision No.17-12-024 (corrected by D.18-02-001), and May 31, 2018, by Decision No.18-05-042
(implementation date for the amendments to Rule 18 adopted in this D.18-05-042 is June 30 2019).

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Rule 19

19 Cooperation with Commission Staff; Preservation of Evidence

Related to Incidents Applicability of Rules

Each utility shall provide full cooperation to Commission staff in an

investigation into any major accident (as defined in Rule 17) or any reportable
incident (as defined in CPUC Resolution E-4184), regardless of pending
litigation or other investigations, including those which may be related to a
Commission staff investigation. Once the scene of the incident has been made
safe and service has been restored, each utility shall provide Commission staff
upon request immediate access to:

o Any factual or physical evidence under the utility or utility agent’s physical
control, custody, or possession related to the incident;
o The name and contact information of any known percipient witness;
o Any employee percipient witness under the utility’s control;
o The name and contact information of any person or entity that has taken
possession of any physical evidence removed from the site of the incident;
o Any and all documents under the utility’s control that are related to the
incident and are not subject to the attorney-client privilege or attorney
work product doctrine.

Any and all documents or evidence collected as part of the utility’s own
investigation related to the incident shall be preserved for at least five years.
The Commission’s statutory authorization under Cal. Pub. Util. Code §§ 313,
314, 314.5, 315, 581, 582, 584, 701, 702, 771, 1794, 1795, 8037 and 8056 to
obtain information from utilities, which relate to the incidents described above,
is delegated to Commission staff.

Note: Added August 20, 2009 by Decision No. 09-08-029

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 Section II
Definitions of Terms as Used in the Rules of This Order

Rule Page

20.0 Antenna II-5

20.1 Backbone II-5
20.2 Bond II-5
20.3 Bridge II-5
20.4 Cable II-5
A. Fiber Optic Cable - Communication II-5
B. Fiber Optic Cable - Supply II-5
C. Dielectric Fiber Optic Cable II-5
D. Non–dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Facility II-5
(1) Electrically Isolated II-6
20.5 Catenary Construction II-6
20.6 Circuit II-6
A. Class C Communication Public and Private II-6
B. Intentionally Left Blank II-7
C. Railway Signal II-7
D. Supply II-7
(1) Class E II-7
(2) Class H II-8
(3) Class L II-8
E. Class T II-8
20.7 Climbing Space II-8
20.8 Common Neutral Systems II-8
20.9 Conductor II-9
A. Bundle II-9
B. Lateral II-9
C. Line II-9
D. Open Wire II-9

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Rule Page

20.9 Conductor (continued)

E. Unprotected II-9
F. Vertical II-9
G. Insulated Conductors or Cables II-9
H. Trolley Contact Conductor II-10
21.0 Crossarm or Arm II-10
A. Combination Arm II-10
B. Related Buck Arm II-10
C. Clearance Arm II-10
D. Guard Arm II-10
21.1 Crossing Span (spans in crossing) II-10
21.2 Districts II-10
A. Urban II-11
B. Rural II-11
C. Loading II-11
D. High Fire Threat II-11
21.3 Ground Connection II-11
21.4 Grounded II-11
A. Effectively II-11
B. Permanently II-12
C. Securely II-12
21.5 Guy II-12
A. Overhead II-12
B. Anchor II-12
C. Exposed II-12
D. Guy in Proximity II-12
21.6 Insulated II-12
21.7 Isolated II-13
21.8 Joint Use of Poles or Poles Jointly Used II-13
21.9 Lead Wires II-13
22.0 Lightning Arresters, Set of II-13

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Rule Page

22.1 Lines II-13

A. Conflicting II-13
B. Colinear II-14
C. Tower II-14
D. Overhead Line Structures II-14
22.2 Maintenance II-14
22.3 Messenger II-14
22.4 Non–walkable II-14
22.5 Partial Underground Distribution II-14
22.6 Pole II-15
A. Pole Top Extension II-15
B. Spliced Pole II-15
C. Stub Reinforced Pole II-15
(1) Pole Stubbing II-15
(2) Pole Restoration Techniques II-15
D. Non–climbable Pole II-15
E. Service and Meter Pole II-15
F. Service/Clearance Pole II-16
22.7 Practicable II-16
22.8 Protective Covering, Suitable II-16
A. Ground Wire, Bond Wire and Communication Conductor II-16
(1) Hardwood moulding II-16
(2) Flexible and Rigid Conduit, and
Rigid U–Shaped Moulding II-16
(3) Plastic or other non-conductive material II-17
B. Supply Conductor II-17
(1) Rigid Conduit or Rigid U–shaped Molding II-17
C. Bolt Covers II-17
D. Insulated Flexible Conduit II-18

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Rule Page

22.9 Railways II-18

A. Minor II-18
B. Major II-18
C. Street II-18
23.0 Reconstruction II-18
23.1 Risers II-18
23.2 Runs II-18
23.3 Sag II-19
A. Normal II-19
B. Apparent II-19
23.4 Service Drop II-19
23.5 Span Wire II-19
A. Lift Span II-19
23.6 Swimming Pool II-19
23.7 Tension II-19
A. Maximum Allowable II-19
B. Maximum Working II-19
23.8 Terminal II-20
A. Terminal Fittings II-20
23.9 Termination II-20
A. Termination Apparatus II-20
24.0 Thoroughfare II-20
A. Public II-20
B. Private II-20
24.1 Voltage (or Volts) II-21
24.2 Wire Gage II-21
A. American II-21
B. Birmingham II-21
C. New British Standard II-21
24.3 Working Space II-21

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 Section II
Definitions of Terms as Used in the Rules of This Order
Rule 20.4-D

20.0 Antenna means a device for emitting and/or receiving radio frequency
signals.
Note: Added August 14, 2007 by Decision No. 0702030.

20.1 Backbone means an auxiliary span support for pull–offs and cross–spans
to trolley contact conductors to which it is approximately parallel.

20.2 Bond means an electrical connection from one conductive element to

another for the purpose of maintaining a common electric potential.
Note: Added October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

20.3 Bridge means a structure which is used primarily for foot, vehicular or
train traffic as distinguished from those which span certain areas and
support signals or wires and which are classed as supporting poles, towers
or structures.

20.4 Cable means a stranded conductor (single conductor cable) or a

combination of conductors insulated from one another (multiple-conductor
cable).

A. Fiber Optic Cable (Communication) means a fiber optic cable

meeting the requirements for a communication circuit and located
at the communication level.

B. Fiber Optic Cable (Supply) means a fiber optic cable located at

the supply level.

C. Dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Facility means a fiber optic cable,

support messenger and lashing wire which contains no internal or
external components capable of conducting electricity. A Dielectric
Fiber Optic Cable Facility does not include pole mounted hardware
or splice closures; for example, bolts, fasteners or clamps.

D. Non-dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Facility means a fiber optic

cable, support messenger and lashing which contains internal or
external components capable of conducting electricity.

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Rule 20.4-D1

(1) Electrically Isolated means the conductive members of a

non-dielectric fiber optic cable facility have been conditioned
to prevent the transfer of system voltages from one level on
a structure to another. For example, from supply to
communications or from one supply level to another. The
appropriate level of isolation may be achieved through
electrical or mechanical methods. Mechanical methods shall
be engineered for the voltage and conditions to which the
facility is exposed, but not less than a 15” minimum gap,
used in conjunction with a non-conductive closure.

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

20.5 Catenary Construction, applied to trolley systems, means construction

wherein auxiliary wire or cable messengers are in alignment with and
support trolley contact conductors at one or more (usually many) points
throughout the spans.

20.6 Circuit means a conductor or system of conductors located outside of

buildings and through which an electric current flows or light is
transmitted.

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

A. Class C Communication Public and Private Circuits mean

circuits used for public or private communication service and are
divided as follows:

(1) Current carrying circuits operating at potentials not

exceeding 400 volts to ground or 750 volts between any two
points of the circuit and the transmitted power of which does
not exceed 150 watts. When operated at less than 150 volts,
no limit is placed on the capacity of the system. Any circuit
which exceeds the above values used for information
transport shall be treated as a supply circuit and must meet
the supply requirements for the voltage involved.

(2) Fiber optic circuits transmitting light for communication

purposes (see definition, Rule 20.4).

Note: Information systems including, but not limited to, telephone, railroad–signal, data, clock,
fire or police alarms, cable television and other systems conforming with the above are
included in this classification.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25 and September 7, 1995 by Resolution SU–35.

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 Rule 20.6-D2

B. Intentionally Left Blank.

Note: Rule deleted January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

C Railway Signal Circuits mean those supply and communication

circuits used primarily for supplying energy for controlling the
operation of railway block signals, highway crossing signals,
interlocking apparatus and their appurtenances.

(1) Circuits which operate at less than 400 volts to ground are
considered as communication (Class C) circuits and shall be
so classified and treated provided that, if the voltage
exceeds 150 volts between conductors the power
transmitted shall not exceed 150 watts. Where all circuits of
a line are owned and operated by one utility, the voltage
between conductors carrying in excess of 150 watts may be
increased to not more than 250 volts and the signal circuits
may be considered as communication (Class C) circuits.

(2) All railway signal circuits which do not meet the

requirements above shall be treated as supply circuits of
corresponding voltage.

D. Supply Circuits mean those circuits which are used for

transmitting a supply of electrical energy.

(1) Class E circuits include constant potential alternating or

direct current circuits of 300,000 volts or more between any
two conductors.

(2) Class H circuits include the following:

Constant potential alternating current circuits of 5,000 volts

or more but less than 300,000 volts between any two
conductors.

Constant potential alternating current circuits of 2,900 volts

or more but less than 174,000 volts between any conductor
and ground.

Constant potential direct current circuits exceeding 750 volts

but less than 150,000 volts between any conductor and
ground.

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Rule 20.6-D3

Constant current circuits of 7.5 amperes or less supplied

from transformers or devices having a normal full–load
output voltage of 5,000 volts or more.

Constant current circuits of more than 7.5 amperes supplied

from transformers or devices having an open–circuit voltage
of 2,900 volts or more.

(3) Class L circuits include the following:

Constant potential alternating or direct current supply
circuits of lower voltage than Class H.

Constant current circuits of 7.5 amperes or less supplied

from transformers or devices having a normal full–load
output voltage less than 5,000 volts.

Constant current circuits of more than 7.5 amperes supplied

from transformers or devices having an open–circuit output
voltage less than 2,900 volts.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

E. Class T Circuits mean trolley contact conductors, feeder wires

and other conductors metallically connected to such contact
conductors, used in electric railway or trolley operation. These
Class T circuits are supply circuits, further classified as Class L or
Class H depending upon the voltage and nature of current used
(See Rule 20.6–D).

20.7 Climbing Space means the space reserved along the surface of a
climbable pole or structure to permit ready access for linemen to
equipment and conductors located on the pole or structure. Climbing
space shall be maintained from the ground level.

Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; and May 22, 1990 by Resolution SU–5.

20.8 Common Neutral Systems mean those electrical supply distribution

systems wherein the same specially grounded neutral conductor (see Rule
59.4–B) is utilized as both the neutral conductor of primary circuits of less
than 22,500 volts and as the neutral conductor of the secondary circuits of
0 – 750 volts supplied therefrom.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489, August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 6, 1992
by Resolution SU–15.

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 Rule 20.9-G

20.9 Conductor means a material suitable for: (1) carrying electric current,
usually in the form of a wire, cable or bus bar, or (2) transmitting light in
the case of fiber optics.

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

A. Bundle Conductor means a group of conductors of the same

phase and polarity.

B. Lateral Conductor means a conductor extending in a general

horizontal direction and usually at an angle of approximately 90
degrees to the direction of the line conductors.

C. Line Conductor means an overhead conductor which extends

from the last point of support on one overhead line structure to the
first point of support on another overhead line structure.

D. Open Wire Conductors mean communication conductors

separately supported.

E. Unprotected Conductors mean supply conductors, including but

not limited to lead wires, not enclosed in a grounded metal pole or
not covered by: a “suitable protective covering” (see Rule 22.8),
grounded metal conduit, or grounded metal sheath or shield.
Provisions for the use of such types of coverings are specified in
certain of these rules.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

F. Vertical Conductor means a conductor extending in a general

vertical direction between conductor levels on an overhead line
structure.

G. Insulated Conductors or Cables, suitable, mean supply

conductors which are surrounded by an insulating material (see
Rule 21.6), the dielectric strength of which is sufficient to withstand
the maximum difference of potential at normal operating voltages
of the circuit without breakdown or puncture. A weather-resistant
covering of a supply conductor does not meet the requirements of
this rule as to suitable insulation.

Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15, January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25 and January 13, 2005
by Decision No. 0501030.

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Rule 20.9-H

H. Trolley Contact Conductor is the contact conductor itself and any

energized support wire or messenger when used in catenary
construction. (See Rule 20.6-E.)
Note: Added January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

21.0 Crossarm or Arm means a horizontal support attached to poles or

structures generally at right angles to the conductor supported.

Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.

A. Combination Arm means a crossarm supporting supply

conductors of 0 - 750 volts and supply conductors of 750 - 7,500
volts.

B Related Buck Arm means a crossarm used to change the

direction of all or a part of the conductors on the line arm
immediately above or below. A buck arm is generally placed at
right angles to the line arm.

C. Clearance Arm means a crossarm supporting conductors installed

on a pole of another line for the purpose of maintaining the
prescribed clearances of this order which, if the other line did not
exist, could be maintained without such clearance arm.

D. Guard Arm means a crossarm installed on a pole not more than 4

inches directly above and approximately parallel to the messenger,
cable or conductors being guarded. Guard arms shall not be used
to support conductors, antennas, or other line facilities except as
specifically provided in these rules (see Rules 84.8–B2c and 87.7–
B).
Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030 and January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

21.1 Crossing Span (spans in crossing) means cables, conductors,

messengers, span wires, or guys that cross other cables, conductors,
messengers, span wires, or guys that are not supported on the same
poles or structures.
Note: Rule 20.10 added January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455 and deleted March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.
Added January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

21.2 Districts mean areas as defined in the following:

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 Rule 21.4-A1

A. Urban Districts mean thickly settled areas (whether in cities or

suburbs) or where congested traffic often occurs. Highways on
which traffic is often very heavy or locations such as picnic
grounds, summer resorts, etc., where people congregate
seasonally, are considered as urban.
B. Rural Districts mean all areas not urban, usually in the country
but in some cases within city limits.
C. Loading Districts mean those areas in which the specified
loadings of Rule 43 apply and are known as “Heavy” and “Light”
loading districts.
D. High Fire-Threat District means those areas comprised of the
following:
(1) Zone 1 is Tier 1 of the latest version of the
United States Forest Service (USFS) and CAL
FIRE’s joint map of Tree Mortality High Hazard
Zones (HHZs). (Note: The Tree Mortality HHZs
Map may be revised regularly by the USFS and
CAL FIRE.)
(2) Tier 2 is Tier 2 of the CPUC Fire-Threat Map.
(3) Tier 3 is Tier 3 of the CPUC Fire-Threat Map.
Note: In accordance with Ordering Paragraph 7 of D.17-01-009, the above-referenced mapping products are available
on the Commission’s website at: www.cpuc.ca.gov/FireThreatMaps
Note: Revised December 14, 2017 by Decision No.17-12-024.

21.3 Ground Connection means the equipment used in establishing a

conducting path between an electric circuit or equipment and earth. A
ground connection consists of a ground conductor, a ground electrode
and the earth (soil, rock, etc.) which surrounds the electrode.

21.4 Grounded means connected to earth by a ground connection or by an

unintentional conducting path.

A. Effectively Grounded means grounded through a ground

connection of sufficiently low impedance (inherently and/or
intentionally obtained) that fault grounds which may occur cannot
build up voltages dangerous to connected equipment.
(1) If an impedance of less than 25 ohms is not obtained, the
equivalent of a ground conductor not less than No. 6 AWG
copper connected to two corrosion resisting rods, not less
than 1/2 inch in diameter and 8 feet in length and
continuous throughout, driven to a minimum depth of 8 feet
in the earth at not less than 6 foot centers, will be

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Rule 21.4-A2

considered an effective ground for the purpose of these

rules.

(2) Where a common neutral system is installed, the grounding

provisions for such systems, as covered in Rule 59.4, shall
apply.

B. Permanently Grounded refers to time, and means grounded

while the equipment concerned is in place under the conditions
specified in the rules.

C. Securely Grounded means connected to earth through a metal

surface in good contact with the earth (soil, rock, etc.) such as the
contact of anchor rods or metal poles set directly in the ground.
Metal poles set in concrete are considered as grounded but will not
be considered as securely grounded.

21.5 Guy means a tension member (a solid wire or stranded wires) used to
withstand an otherwise unbalanced force on a pole, crossarm or other
overhead line structure (see Rule 22.3 for definition of messenger).

A. Overhead Guy means a guy extending from a pole, crossarm or

structure to a pole, crossarm, structure or tree and is sometimes
called a span guy.
B. Anchor Guy means a guy which has its lower anchorage in the
earth and is sometimes called a sidewalk, truss or ground guy.
C. Exposed Guy means a guy of which any part is less than 8 feet
horizontally from the vertical plane of any supply conductor of more
than 250 volts (see Figure 56–4, and Appendix G, Figure 44).
D. Guy in Proximity means a guy of which any part is both within a
vertical distance of less than 8 feet from the level of supply
conductors and a radial distance of less than 6 feet from the
surface of a wood pole or structure (see Figures 56–3, 56–4, 56–5,
56–6, and Appendix G, Figure 45).

21.6 Insulated means separated from other conducting surfaces by a

dielectric substance, (including air-space) offering a high resistance to the
passage of current. Air space when used as insulation shall be maintained
by permanently forming the conductor or by adding additional mechanical
means (e.g. spreader bar). When an object is said to be insulated, it is
understood to be insulated in a suitable manner for the condition to which
it is normally subjected.
Note: Added May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5. Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030

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 Rule 22.1-B

21.7 Isolated means not readily accessible to persons unless special means
for access are used.

Note: Added May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5.

21.8 Joint Use of Poles or Poles Jointly Used means occupancy of poles or
structures by circuits of different ownership or by two or more of the
following classes of circuits of the same ownership:
• Communications circuits for public use
• Railway or trolley circuits
• Supply circuits other than trolley circuits

21.9 Lead Wires mean those conductors which are sometimes termed
“jumpers”, “bridle wires”, “transposition wires”, or “taps”, and which are
used on an overhead line structure for connecting the line conductors to
equipment and apparatus or other line conductors on the same overhead
line structure.
Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.

22.0 Lightning Arresters, Set of, means lightning arresters (one or more) at
one location connected to the various conductors of a single circuit.

22.1 Lines mean those conductors together with their supporting poles or
structures and appurtenances which are located outside of buildings.

A. Conflicting Lines (lines in conflict or conflicts) mean lines so

situated with respect to each other (except at crossings) that the
overturning of one line will result in contact of its poles or
conductors with the poles or conductors of the second line,
assuming no conductors are broken in either line; except that lines
on opposite sides of a thoroughfare are not considered as
conflicting if separated by a distance not less than 60 percent of
the height of the higher pole line above the ground line and in no
case less than 20 feet (see Appendix G, Figure1).
B. Colinear Lines mean conflicting lines so situated that one line is
wholly or partly over the other line, often called “overbuild”.
Conflicting lines not “overbuilds” but separated a horizontal
distance of less than the required pin spacing of the highest voltage
circuit involved.
Conflicting lines not “overbuilds” but separated a horizontal
distance of less than one foot, regardless of pin spacing (see
Appendix G, Figs 2 and 3).
Note: For the purpose of measurement, the horizontal distance between the conflicting lines shall be that distance
measured horizontally between vertical planes passing through the adjacent extremities of the conflicting lines.

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Rule 22.1-C

C. Tower Lines (Class E, H, L and T) mean supply lines, with

supporting metal structures having an outside dimension of more
than 4 feet measured either along or across the line in a horizontal
plane at the ground level. Metal supporting structures, such as “A”
frames or “H” structures, having a dimension from outside of one
support to outside of another support greater than 4 feet at the
ground level will be classified as towers.

Guyed V–type or Y–type metal structures will be classified as

towers.

Note: Metal structures having maximum outside dimensions of 4 feet or less, measured along and across the line of a
horizontal plane at the ground level, will be classified as poles under supply lines.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

D. Overhead Line Structures are the poles, towers, or structures

located outside of buildings and which support circuits and their
related conductors and equipment.

Note: Added January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.

22.2 Maintenance means the work done on any line or any element of any
line for the purpose of extending its life (excepting the replacement of the
supporting poles or structures) and includes the replacement, for any
reason, of crossarms, pins, insulators, wires, cables, messengers, etc., but
does not contemplate the addition of elements (excepting pole stubs and
guy wires) which will change the identity of the structure (see Rule 12.2).

22.3 Messenger means stranded wires in a group and which generally is not a
part of the conducting system, its primary function being to support wires
or cables of the conducting system; sometimes called “suspension strand”.

22.4 Non–Walkable means those surfaces not normally intended to support

humans, such as but not limited to: handrails, fences, walls, parapet
walls, chimneys, cornices, decorative appendages or other light weight
material used for patio covers.
Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.

22.5 Partial Underground Distribution means a supply system of overhead

primary conductors supported in vertical configuration, without crossarms,
on non–climbable, non–joint poles, and with underground secondary
distribution facilities (see Figure 54–2).

Note: Added February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707.

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 Rule 22.6-E

22.6 Pole

A. Pole Top Extension means a bracket or structure (exclusive of a

poletop pin) attached to a pole and extending above its top to
support conductors.

B. Spliced Pole means a wood pole comprised of two or more

sections spliced end to end by means of a lap, scarf or butt joint
with suitable and adequate lashing or other fastenings, the sections
of pole being usually coaxial.

C. Pole Reinforcement

(1) Pole Stubbing means a wood pole attached by suitable

and adequate fastenings to a stub (usually a short length of
wood pole, timber, steel, or other suitable material) set in
the ground, such stub being intended to provide the support
originally afforded by the pole butt.

(2) Pole Restoration Techniques means the application of

suitable material(s) on a pole to restore its structural
strength or integrity. Restoration may take place at any
point on the length of a pole.

Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

D. Non–Climbable Pole means a nonwood pole of smooth exterior

surface (not latticed) that is not equipped with pole steps or other
provisions for climbing, and upon which work is performed only
from aerial lifts.

Note: Added February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707 and revised January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186.

E. Service and Meter Pole means a pole, or a pole type structure

that supports only service drops, associated overhead conductors,
vertical runs, ground wires, meters and equipment used for
electrical service. A service drop mast or other support securely
attached to a building is not considered to be a service and meter
pole.

Note: Added July 26, 1966 by Decision No. 71009.

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Rule 22.6-F

F. Service/Clearance Pole means a pole, required only to maintain

above–ground clearances for service drops or to maintain service
drop span limitations. Permissible attachments are limited to 0 -
750 volt conductors, supply service drops, associated risers and
runs, communication facilities, lighting and its associated
equipment, and guys.

Note: Added November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.

22.7 Practicable means capable of being accomplished by reasonably

available and economic means.

22.8 Protective Covering, Suitable, means a covering of wood or other non-

conductive material having the electrical insulating efficiency (12kV/in.dry)
and impact strength (20ft.-lbs) of 1.5 inches of redwood or other material
meeting the requirements of Rule 22.8-A, 22.8-B, 22.8-C, or 22.8-D.

A. Ground Wire, Bond Wire, and Communication Conductor

shall be covered by a minimum of:

(1) Hardwood Moulding (of Oak or Rock Elm) three-eighths

inch in thickness, or Douglas Fir moulding one-half inch in
thickness, or any of these woods having a cross-section as
shown in Figure 81 of Appendix G.

(2) Flexible and Rigid Conduit, and Rigid U-Shaped

Moulding of plastic or other material, as tested according to
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
Standards TC 2-1998 (for Plastic Conduit) and TC 19-2001
(for Plastic U-Shaped Moulding), shall:

(a) Have a normal temperature minimum impact strength

equal to one-half inch nominal EPC-40-PVC conduit
(50 ft.-lbs) using the test method specified in NEMA
TC 2-1998, and a low temperature minimum impact
strength equal to 12.5ft.-lbs using the test method
specified in TC 19-2001; and

(b) Have a minimum insulating efficiency of 12 kV/in. dry;

and

(c) Meet the minimum sunlight resistance of 100,000

Langleys, or equivalent laboratory ultra violet test, of
TC 19-2001.

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 Rule 22.8-C

(d) On wood poles and structures, they shall be installed

only outside the climbing space unless installed in
accordance with Rule 54.6-C (for lateral conductors).

(3) Plastic or Other Non-Conductive Material meeting the

requirements of 22.8-A(2).

Note: Reference to Douglas Fir added September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984. Revised January 13, 2005 by
Decision No. 0501030.

B. Supply Conductor shall be covered by a minimum of:

(1) Rigid Conduit or Rigid U-shaped Moulding made of

plastic or other material, as tested according to the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards – TC
2-1998 (for Plastic Conduit) and TC 19-2001 (for Plastic U-
Shaped Moulding) shall:

(a) Have a normal temperature minimum impact strength

equal to one-half inch nominal EPC-80-PVC conduit
(93.75 ft.-lbs) using the test method specified in TC
2-1998, and a low temperature minimum impact
strength equal to 23ft.-lbs using the test method
specified in TC 19-2001; and

(b) Have a minimum insulating efficiency of 12kV/in. dry;

and

(c) Meet the minimum sunlight resistance of 100,000

Langleys, or equivalent laboratory ultra violet test, of
TC 19-2001.

(d) On wood poles and structures, they shall be installed

only outside the climbing space unless installed in
accordance with Rule 54.6C (for lateral conductors).

Note: Original reference to plastic pipe, now plastic conduit – revised June 7, 1965, by Decision No. 69071;
September 12, 1973 by Decision No. 81871; February 13, 1980, by Resolution No. E-1863; and May 22, 1990
by Resolution No. SU-5. Reference to rigid U-shaped moulding added January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.
Revised September 12, 1973 by Decision No. 81872, February 13, 1980 by Resolution No. E-1863 and January
13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

C. Bolt Covers made of a non–conducting shield or covering having

the insulating efficiency and mechanical strength of one–half inch
EPC–40–PVC conduit (see Rule 22.8–A2).
Note: Added March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

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Rule 22.8-D

D. Insulated Flexible Conduit may be used to cover conductors or

cables of 0 - 750 volts for the purpose of entering pole mounted
apparatus. The insulated flexible conduit shall have a minimum
insulating efficiency and mechanical strength of one–half inch EPC–
80–PVC conduit (see Rule 22.8–B).
Note: Entire Rule 22.2 revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

22.9 Railways are classified as Minor, Major or Street, as in the following

definitions:

A. Minor Railway means:

Spur tracks less than 2000 feet in length and not exceeding 2
tracks in the same crossing span.

Branches on which no regular service is maintained or which are

not operated during part of the year.

Tracks used only temporarily for a period not exceeding one year.

Tracks not operated as a public utility, such as industrial railways

used in logging, mining and like operations.

Tracks other than standard gage.

B. Major Railway means any railway not included above, other than
street railways as defined below.

C. Street Railway means a railway by whatsoever power operated

for public use in the conveyance of passengers or freight which is
mainly located upon, over, above, across, through or along public
thoroughfares.

23.0 Reconstruction means that work which in any way changes the identity
of the pole, tower or structure on which it is performed. A change in
grade of construction or class of circuit is considered reconstruction. For
exceptions see Rule 12.1.
Note: Revised January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032

23.1 Risers mean conductors which extend below the ground line and are
generally installed on the surfaces of poles.

23.2 Runs mean vertical or lateral conductors supported in coverings or

casings on overhead line structures, or certain insulated communication
conductors supported along the surfaces of poles or crossarms.

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 Rule 23.7-B

23.3 Sag includes either Normal or Apparent, as defined in the following:

A. Normal Sag means the difference in elevation between the
highest point of support of a span and the lowest point of the
conductor in the span at 60° F. and no wind loading (see App. G,
Figure 4).
B. Apparent Sag means the maximum departure, measured
vertically, of a wire in a given span from a straight line between the
two points of support of the span at 60° F. and no wind loading.
Where the two supports are at same level, this will be the normal
sag (see Appendix G, Figure 5).

23.4 Service Drop means that portion of a circuit located between a pole line
and a building, a structure or a service and meter pole.
Note: Revised July 26, 1966 by Decision No. 71009 and November 6, 1992 by Resolution No. SU–15.

23.5 Span Wire means a wire or cable used as an auxiliary support for wires,
cables, or other equipment. As applied to trolley construction it means a
wire or cable used to support laterally, or which is attached to wires which
support laterally, trolley contact conductors and appurtenances in
electrical contact therewith, including wires commonly referred to as cross
span wires, bracket span wires, pull–offs, trolley strain guys, dead ends,
etc.

A. Lift Span means a wire, cable or rod used to share the load of
span wires or brackets.

23.6 Swimming Pool means that portion of any natural or artificially

contained body of water which is 24 inches or more in depth at any point
below the highest water level, which is intended for use for swimming,
bathing or other similar recreational purposes, and which has a surface
area exceeding 100 square feet.

Note: Added January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109.

23.7 Tension means either Maximum Allowable or Working as defined in the
following definitions:

A. Maximum Allowable Tension for a supply conductor means

one–half the ultimate tensile strength of the conductor.
B. Maximum Working Tension is that conductor tension resulting
under the construction arrangement with the maximum loading
conditions specified in Rule 43.

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Rule 23.8

23.8 Terminal means a position in an electric circuit or device at which an

electric connection is normally established or broken. This is the point at
which current enters or leaves a conducting element in a circuit. A
terminal is normally energized and its associated parts may be energized,
non–energized, grounded, or non–grounded.

Note: Added January 19, 1994 by Resolution No. SU–25.

A. Terminal Fittings (normally used in conjunction with lead risers)

are the terminal equipment used in terminating the conductors of
runs and risers (e.g. transition of three conductor lead to three
single conductors or terminals, cable to potheads, etc.), and include
cable potheads, weather heads, and conduit entrance fittings.

Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455, March 30, 1968 by
Decision No. 73813 and January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

23.9 Termination means the end of something or point where it ends, such
as where the conductor or underground riser cable ends at the
termination apparatus.

A. Termination Apparatus (normally used in conjunction with non–

lead risers) is the equipment or parts of equipment that is used to
terminate riser cables. This equipment can be grounded, non–
grounded, energized, or non–energized. This equipment and its
associated parts include, but is not limited to, stress cones (heat–
shrink, cold–shrink, taped, etc.), potheads, various types of
terminals and terminal fittings, and various types of bushings.
Note: Added January 19, 1994, by Resolution SU–25.

24.0 Thoroughfare means any public or private highway, avenue, street,

road, alley, or other place generally used for vehicular travel.

A. Public Thoroughfare means any way open or intended for

general vehicular use. Thoroughfares in private communities of 10
or more residences shall be treated as public thoroughfares.
Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

B. Private Thoroughfare means any vehicular way intended

primarily for the use of the owners, occupants or visitors of the
particular premises with which the way is associated.

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 Rule 24.3

24.1 Voltage (or Volts) means the highest effective voltage between any two
conductors of the circuit concerned except where, in certain rules, the term
“voltage (or volts) to ground” is used.

When one circuit is directly connected to another circuit of higher voltage (as in
the case of an autotransformer) both are considered as of the higher voltage
unless the circuit of the lower voltage is effectively grounded. Direct connection
implies electrical connection as distinguished from connection merely through
electromagnetic or electrostatic induction.

24.2 Wire Gage means a standard of measurement used for convenient

nomenclature of the various sizes of wire.

A. American Wire Gage (AWG) otherwise known as Brown and

Sharpe (B&S) for copper, aluminum and other conductors.

B. Birmingham Wire Gage (BWG) for iron and steel conductors

(used principally for telephone and telegraph conductors).

C. New British Standard (NBS), a wire gage for certain copper,

bronze or copper–covered steel conductors (a modification of BWG
used principally for telephone conductors).

24.3 Working Space means the space, extending laterally from the climbing
space, reserved for working below, above and between conductor levels.

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 Section III
Requirements for All Lines

Rule Page

31. Application III-5

31.1 Design, Construction and Maintenance III-5
31.2 Inspection of Lines III-6
31.3 Avoidance of Conflicts and Crossings III-6
31.4 Cooperation to Avoid Conflicts III-7
31.5 Joint Use of Poles III-7
31.6 Abandoned Lines III-8
32. General Arrangements of Lines III-8
32.1 Two or More Systems III-8
32.2 Relative Levels III-8
A. Supply Circuits of 750 - 20,000 Volts III-9
B. Supply Circuits of 0 - 750 Volts III-9
C. Supply Circuits of 0 - 750 Volts and Class T Circuits III-9
D. Communication Circuits III-9
E. Supply Service Drops of 0 - 750 Volts III-9
F. Communication Service Drops III-10
G. Exceptional Cases III-10
32.3 Colinear Lines and Crossing Lines III-10
32.4 Circuits of Different Classification on the Same Crossarm III-11
A. Supply Circuits III-11
(1) 750 - 7,500 Volts and More than 20,000 Volts III-11
(2) 0 - 750 Volts and More than 7,500 Volts III-11
(3) 0 - 750 Volts and 750 - 7,500 Volts III-12
(4) More than 750 Volts, Different Ownerships III-12
(5) 0 - 750 Volts, Different Ownerships III-12
(6) Common Neutral Conductor III-12

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Rule Page

32.4 Circuits of Different Classification on the Same Crossarm (continued)

B. Supply Circuits of 0 - 750 Volts and Communication Circuits III-12
C. Supply Circuits and Private Communication Circuits III-12
(1) 7,500 - 22,500 Volts, Same Ownership III-13
(2) 750 - 7,500 Volts, Same Ownership III-13
(3) 0 - 750 Volts III-13
33. Grounds and Neutrals III-13
33.1 Neutral Conductors III-13
33.2 Ground or Earth as a Conductor III-14
33.3 Ground Connections III-14
A. Effective Grounds III-14
B. Independent Ground Connections III-14
34. Foreign Attachments III-15
A. Supports III-16
(1) Messenger and Span Wires III-16
(2) Rope III-17
(3) Apparatus Supported on Brackets Attached to Poles III-17
B. Climbing Space III-17
C. Clearances III-17
(1) Messengers and Span Wires III-17
(2) Energized Apparatus III-18
(3) Non–Energized Apparatus III-18
(4) Miscellaneous Equipment III-18
D. Vertical Clearance Requirements above Thoroughfares,
Ground, Etc. III-18
E. Vertical and Lateral Runs III-18
F. Energized Conductor (Wire or Cable) III-19
G. Guying III-19
35. Vegetation Management III-19
36. Pole Clearances from Railroad Tracks III-21

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Rule Page

37. Minimum Clearances of Wires above Railroads, Thoroughfares,

Buildings, Etc. III-22
Table 1 III-24
38. Minimum Clearances of Wires from Other Wires III-28
Table 2 III-29
39. Minimum Clearances of Wires from Signs III-33
Table 2A III-34

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 Section III
Requirements for All Lines
Rule 31.1

31 Application

The following rules apply to all classes of overhead lines under all
conditions.

31.1 Design, Construction and Maintenance

Electrical supply and communication systems shall be designed,

constructed, and maintained for their intended use, regard being
given to the conditions under which they are to be operated, to
enable the furnishing of safe, proper, and adequate service.

For all particulars not specified in these rules, design, construction,

and maintenance should be done in accordance with accepted good
practice for the given local conditions known at the time by those
responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance of
communication or supply lines and equipment.

A supply or communications company is in compliance with this

rule if it designs, constructs, and maintains a facility in accordance
with the particulars specified in General Order 95, except that if an
intended use or known local conditions require a higher standard
than the particulars specified in General Order 95 to enable the
furnishing of safe, proper, and adequate service, the company shall
follow the higher standard.

For all particulars not specified in General Order 95, a supply or

communications company is in compliance with this rule if it
designs, constructs and maintains a facility in accordance with
accepted good practice for the intended use and known local
conditions.

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Rule 31.1

All work performed on public streets and highways shall be done in

such a manner that the operations of other utilities and the
convenience of the public will be interfered with as little as possible
and no conditions unusually dangerous to workmen, pedestrians or
others shall be established at any time.

Note: The standard of accepted good practice should be applied on a case by case basis. For
example, the application of “accepted good practice” may be aided by reference to any of
the practices, methods, and acts engaged in or approved by a significant portion of the
relevant industry, or which may be expected to accomplish the desired result with regard
to safety and reliability at a reasonable cost.

Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030 and January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032.

31.2 Inspection of Lines

Lines shall be inspected frequently and thoroughly for the purpose

of ensuring that they are in good condition so as to conform with
these rules. Lines temporarily out of service shall be inspected and
maintained in such condition as not to create a hazard.

A. Communication Lines (See Rule 80.1)

B. Supply Lines shall be inspected in compliance with the

requirements of General Order 165.

Note: Revised January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032.

31.3 Avoidance of Conflicts and Crossings

In locating and constructing lines, efforts shall be made to avoid creating any conflicts
with other lines. Where it is not reasonably practicable to maintain a sufficient separation
of the lines, conflicts may in many cases be avoided by means of joint pole construction.

In the construction of new lines care shall be taken to avoid all

unnecessary crossings. Crossing requirements are covered in
Sections X and XI.

Supply and communication lines other than lines on jointly used

poles, shall not occupy the same side of the road (fence line
construction excluded, i.e., where the fence is used as all or part of
the supporting structure) unless the consent of existing party or
parties is obtained, or where both sides of the road are already
occupied by the same class of line.

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 Rule 31.5

Class H circuits shall not occupy both sides of thoroughfares except

where special permission is obtained from the Public Utilities
Commission, unless, prior to such construction the pole–setting line
operator shall have filed with the Commission a description of the
route and configuration of the lines involved and copies of letters
showing mutual consent for such occupancy by all pole using line
operators having serving areas or routes in the general vicinity of
the length of thoroughfare concerned.

Note: Revised January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109.

31.4 Cooperation to Avoid Conflicts

Any party contemplating construction or reconstruction which

would create a conflict with a line of another classification shall
notify the party or parties owning or operating the other line, in
advance of such construction, giving full information as to the
location and character of the proposed construction, and the
parties concerned shall cooperate with a view of avoiding or, if this
is impracticable, of minimizing the hazard.

31.5 Joint Use of Poles

Joint use of poles shall be given consideration by all interested

parties where construction or reconstruction is involved and where
used it shall be subject to the appropriate grade of construction as
specified in Section IV. Nothing herein shall be construed as
requiring joint use of the same poles, or as granting authority for
the use of any poles without the owner’s consent (see Rule 32.2
and Section IX).

Each party should definitely designate its space requirements on

joint poles, which space shall not be occupied without consent, by
equipment of any other party.

Non–climbable poles in partial underground distribution systems

(see Rules 22.6–D and 22.5) shall not be jointly used.

Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707.

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Rule 31.6

31.6 Abandoned Lines

Lines or portions of lines permanently abandoned shall be removed

by their owners so that such lines shall not become a public
nuisance or a hazard to life or property. For the purposes of this
rule, lines that are permanently abandoned shall be defined as
those lines that are determined by their owner to have no
foreseeable future use.

Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

32 General Arrangements of Lines

32.1 Two or More Systems

Where two or more systems are concerned in any clearance, that

owner or operator who last in point of time constructs or erects
facilities, shall establish the clearance required in these rules from
other facilities which have been erected previously. Relative to the
clearance which it bears to older lines in the vicinity, each
succeeding line erected should be constructed with a view to the
requirements of such older lines when they are reconstructed to
the standards which current rules have specified. Subsequent
entrants into an area shall recognize the provisions for future
development made by all prior entrants into the field as indicated
by their installed facilities.

32.2 Relative Levels

Where supply and communication circuits or supply circuits of

different voltage classifications are involved in crossings, conflicts
or joint use, the higher voltage circuit shall in general be carried at
the higher level. This arrangement is not feasible in all cases, for
example where trolley circuits are involved or where poles are
jointly occupied.

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 Rule 32.2-E

It is recommended that lines be arranged by mutual agreement of

those concerned at standardized voltage levels throughout a given
community in order to minimize difficulties when new crossings or
extensions to existing lines are to be installed.

A. Supply Circuits of 750 - 20,000 Volts

Supply circuits of 750 - 20,000 volts should not be above supply

circuits in excess of 20,000 volts.

B. Supply Circuits of 0 - 750 Volts

Supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts should not be above supply

circuits in excess of 7,500 volts.

C. Supply Circuits of 0 - 750 Volts and Class T Circuits

Supply circuits 0 - 750 volts and all Class T circuits may cross
under communication and railway circuits provided clearances
not less than those given in Tables 1 and 2 are maintained.

D. Communication Circuits

Communication circuits should not be above supply circuits in

excess of 7,500 volts. Insulated single conductors, paired wire
or duplex communication line conductors above supply circuits
(including Class T circuits) of 750 - 7,500 volts shall be
supported on messengers or constructed in accordance with
Rule 32.2–G.

E. Supply Service Drops of 0 - 750 Volts

Supply service drops of 0 - 750 volts shall not cross in a span

above supply circuits (excepting Class T circuits) in excess of
750 volts, but service drops may cross above such circuits when
supported on the same pole.

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Rule 32.2-F

F. Communication Service Drops

Communication service drops should not cross in a span above

supply circuits (excepting Class T circuits) of 750 - 7,500 volts
and shall not cross in a span above supply circuits in excess of
7,500 volts. Where it is necessary that communication service
drops cross in a span above supply circuits of 750 - 7,500 volts,
an auxiliary attachment or its approved equivalent shall be used
at the service end of the service drop to insure against the drop
falling across the supply circuit in the event of the failure of the
usual means of attachment.

G. Exceptional Cases

Where it is not possible to conform to the usual arrangement

whereby the higher voltage circuit shall be carried at the higher
level, the positions may be reversed provided the lower voltage
circuit, installed at the higher level, shall be erected and
maintained with the same strength requirements as the higher
voltage circuits would require with the usual arrangement of
levels. Where neither circuit carries in excess of 750 volts this
provision does not apply.

Where supply and communication circuits carrying less than 750

volts cross trolley contact conductors carrying in excess of 750
volts, they shall conform to the strength requirements for
supply lines corresponding to the voltage of the trolley contact
conductors.

32.3 Colinear Lines and Crossing Lines

The centerline clearance between poles and conductors which pass

unattached shall be not less than 1 1/2 times the clearance
specified in Table 1, Case 8, except where the interset pole is
within 10 feet of a pole to which the passing conductors are
attached. Where poles of the two lines are less than 10 feet apart,
clearances not less than as specified in Table 1, Case 8 shall be
maintained between the centerline of any pole and conductors
which pass unattached. Where clearance crossarms are installed in
the construction and maintenance of colinear lines or crossings,
clearances not less than as specified in Table 1, Case 8 shall be
maintained between all conductors on the clearance crossarms and
the centerline of poles to which such crossarms are attached.

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 Rule 32.4-A2

The provisions of the foregoing rules for colinear lines are subject
to modifications specified in Rule 84.4 –D3 where communication
circuits only are concerned and the provisions of Table 1, Case 10.

Note: Revised January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186.

32.4 Circuits of Different Classification on the Same Crossarm

A. Supply Circuits

(1) 750 – 7,500 Volts and More than 20,000 Volts:

Supply circuits of 750 - 7,500 volts shall not be carried on
the same crossarm with circuits of more than 20,000 volts
unless the higher voltage circuit is not energized when
men are working at this level. Where this construction is
used, circuits of different classification shall be carried on
opposite ends of the crossarm with a horizontal separation
of not less than pin spacing required for the highest
voltage concerned, but not less than 36 inches between
the nearest conductors of different classification.

(2) 0 - 750 Volts and More than 7,500 Volts: Supply

circuits of 0 - 750 volts shall not be carried on the same
crossarm with circuits of more than 7,500 volts, except
that, on transformer structures, bus conductors of 0 - 750
volts and bus conductors of 7,500 - 22,500 volts may be
supported on opposite ends of the same bus–supporting
timbers provided the horizontal separation between
conductors of different classifications supported on the
same arm is not less than 36 inches, the bus conductors
of 7,500 - 22,500 volts are not extended longitudinally as
line conductors, service drops are not supported on arms
which support conductors of 7,500 - 22,500 volts, and
conductors on related buck arms are not less than 4 feet
vertically from such bus timbers.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

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Rule 32.4-A3

(3) 0 - 750 Volts and 750 - 7,500 Volts: Supply circuits of

0 - 750 volts and 750 - 7,500 volts which are owned and
operated by the same utility may be carried on opposite
ends of the same crossarm with the nearest conductors of
the two classifications separated a horizontal distance of
not less than 36 inches. For requirements applicable to
buck arm construction, climbing space, and service drops
on combination arms, see Rule 54.4–C2b and 54.8–E
respectively.

(4) More than 750 Volts, Different Ownerships: Supply

circuits of more than 750 volts and of different ownership
may be carried on opposite ends of the same crossarm
with the nearest conductors of different ownerships
separated a horizontal distance of not less than 36 inches,
provided proper ownership designation is maintained.

(5) 0 - 750 Volts, Different Ownerships: Supply circuits of

0 - 750 volts and of different ownership may be carried on
opposite ends of the same crossarm with the nearest
conductors of different ownerships separated a horizontal
distance of not less than 30 inches.

(6) Common Neutral Conductor: See Rule 59.3–E for the

location of the common neutral conductor in common
neutral systems.

B. Supply Circuits of 0 - 750 Volts and Communication Circuits

Supply circuits of 0 - 300 volts and Class C communication circuits

of different ownership may be supported on the same crossarm,
provided the two classifications of circuits are installed on opposite
ends of the arm and the nearest conductors of the two
classifications are separated a horizontal distance of not less than
36 inches. Where the two classes of circuits are of the same
ownership, the horizontal distance may be reduced to not less than
30 inches and the supply circuit voltage may be 0 - 750 volts.
Services direct from such a crossarm are not permitted to cross
conductors of the other classification supported on the same
crossarm.

C. Supply Circuits and Private Communication Circuits (see

Rules 20.6–A and 89)

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 Rule 33.1

(1) 7,500 - 22,500 Volts, Same Ownership: Supply

circuits of 7,500 - 22,500 volts and private communication
circuits owned (or leased) and operated and maintained
by the same organization may be supported on the same
crossarms as provided in Rule 89.2–A1.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No.71094; and January 19, 1994
by Resolution SU–25.

(2) 750 - 7,500 Volts, Same Ownership: Supply circuits of

750 - 7,500 volts and private communication circuits
owned (or leased) and operated and maintained by the
same organization may be supported on the same
crossarms as provided in Rule 89.2–A2.

(3) 0 - 750 Volts: Supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts and private

communication circuits may be supported on the same
crossarms as provided in Rule 89.2–A3, or Rule 89.2–A4.

33 Grounds and Neutrals

33.1 Neutral Conductors

Neutral conductors of supply circuits, other than in distribution

systems of 22,500 volts or less with common primary and
secondary grounded neutrals, shall be considered as carrying the
same voltage as the other conductors of the circuit. Insulators used
to support neutral conductors shall meet the requirements of Rule
55, based on the nominal voltage of the circuit, but are not
required to have the same insulating value as insulators actually
used on the phase conductors. Where a common neutral system is
installed, the neutral conductor may be considered as carrying the
same voltage as any of its related system conductors, compliance
with special practices and construction requirements being
necessary (see Rule 59).

This rule need not apply to overhead lightning protection wires

installed on metal structures or grounded wood structures.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and March 30, 1968 by
Decision No. 73813

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Rule 33.2

33.2 Ground or Earth as a Conductor

Ground or earth shall not be used as a normal return or circuit

conductor. In direct current supply systems or in single phase or
polyphase supply systems, a neutral or any other conductor shall
be used under normal use as a return or circuit conductor;
however, the grounding of the neutral or any other conductor is
not permitted as a normal return or circuit conductor. The neutral
or any other conductor is permitted to be grounded only for the
purposes of stabilization and protection.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

33.3 Ground Connections

A. Effective Grounds

Supply equipment of the following types, when grounded to

conform to requirements of this Order or for any other reasons,
shall be effectively grounded:

• Neutral conductors of low voltage supply circuits (0 - 750

volts, see Rule 58.2–A);
• Neutral conductors of supply circuits exceeding 750 volts;
• Bond wires;
• Lightning arresters;
• Transformer cases grounded in accordance with Rule 58.2–
A.

B. Independent Ground Connections

Ground connections for equipment of any one of the types

listed in Rule 33.3–A shall not be interconnected with ground
connections for equipment of any other type listed therein,
EXCEPT:

In common neutral systems the neutral conductors of 0 -

750 volt supply circuits and of supply circuits of 750 - 22,500
volts may be interconnected and grounded in accordance
with the provisions of Rule 59; and

A ground connection for a set of lightning arresters may be

interconnected with:

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 Rule 34

A ground connection for the neutral conductor of the

circuit protected by the set of lightning arresters,

A ground connection for the neutral conductor of a

dedicated transformer and associated equipment cases
solely for the purpose of providing power to operate
electric utility supply equipment,

The cable sheath or body of the cable pothead where the

cable conductors are connected to the circuit protected
by the set of lightning arresters,

Metallic conduit enclosing conductors of the circuit

protected by the set of lightning arresters,

Transformer cases grounded in accordance with Rule

58.2–A where the transformers are connected to the
circuit protected by the set of lightning arresters, and

The ground connection of another set of lightning

arresters, provided the circuits protected are of the same
voltage classification.

Where more than two sets of lightning arresters on supply

circuits of the same voltage classification are installed on a pole
or structure, and their ground terminals are interconnected at the
top of the ground connections, two complete and effective
ground connections will be considered sufficient for the purposes
of this rule. Connection to an effectively grounded cable sheath
or conduit of a circuit protected by the lightning arresters will be
considered as one of these two effective ground connections.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489, August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and October 9, 1996 by
Resolution SU–40.

34 Foreign Attachments

Nothing in these rules shall be construed as permitting the unauthorized

attachment, to supply, street light or communication poles or structures,
of antennas, signs, posters, banners, decorations, wires, lighting fixtures,
guys, ropes and any other such equipment foreign to the purposes of
overhead electric line construction.

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Rule 34

Nothing herein contained shall be construed as requiring utilities to grant

permission for such use of their overhead facilities; or permitting any use
of joint poles or facilities for such permanent or temporary construction
without the consent of all parties having any ownership whatever in the
poles or structures to which attachments may be made; or granting
authority for the use of any poles, structures or facilities without the
owner’s or owners’ consent.

All permanent attachments must be approved by the Commission (see

Rule 15.1) and the owner(s) involved.

All temporary attachments shall be restricted to installations where the

period is estimated to be one year or less.

The utilities, or other governmental entities may require construction

standards which are more restrictive than the requirements of this Rule
34.

The following rules shall apply to approved temporary foreign attachments

installed on climbable poles and structures and shall be maintained as
required by Rule 12.2.

A. Supports

(1) Messengers and Span Wires: Messengers and Span Wires

(when used under the definitions of Rules 22.3 and 23.5
respectively) may be used as supports when the following
requirements are met:

(a) Material and Size Requirements: See Rule 49.7

Messengers and Span Wires.

(b) Sectionalizing Requirements: Insulators shall be

installed in all messengers and span wires, when used within
the scope of this rule, and shall be located at a distance of
not less than 6 feet and not more than 9 feet, measured
along the messenger or span wire, from the points of
attachment to the poles or structures. Sectionalizing
insulators shall meet the requirements of Rules 56.8 and
86.8.

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 Rule 34-C1a

(c) Attachments: Messengers and span wires shall be attached

to poles with through bolts and shall be protected by the use
of guy thimbles or their equivalent where attached to the
through bolts. Steel pole bands or their equivalent shall be
used for steel and concrete poles.

In no case shall any apparatus (decorations, banner, wire,

cable, lights, etc.) be supported by the utilities’ or licensees’
conductors, cables, messengers, span wires or guys.

(2) Rope: Rope may be used as a support for banners and

decorations for short periods of time (to be determined by the
granting authority) when the following conditions are met:

(a) Only non–energized banners and decorations shall be

supported with rope.

(b) The rope must be securely tied to the pole or structure with
all excess rope removed and must not contact or obstruct
any pole steps.

(c) The rope must supply a safe minimum working load strength
of 200 pounds, which is equivalent to 3/8 inch manila rope.

(3) Apparatus Supported on Brackets Attached to Poles: All

attachments supported on brackets with a supply voltage of 0 -
750 volts shall meet the requirements of Rules 58.5–B and 92.1–
F5.

B. Climbing Space

All apparatus shall be installed outside of climbing space.

EXCEPTION: When temporary pole bands or ropes are used to

support attachments, the bands or ropes shall be
limited to 6 inches in width with no more than one
band or width of rope allowed in any 24 inch section
of climbing space.
Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

C. Clearances
(1) Messengers and Span Wires:

(a) Messengers: Messengers supporting energized apparatus,

insulated wires or cables, etc. shall meet the clearance
requirements of Rule 57.

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Rule 34-C1b

(b) Span Wires: Span wires supporting non–energized

equipment (banners, decorations, etc.) shall meet the
clearance requirements of Rule 56.

(2) Energized Apparatus: All energized apparatus (decorations,

wire, cable, lights, etc.) shall maintain the same clearances from
conductors as those required for 0 - 750 volt service drops (Table
2, Column D, and Rule 54.8).

(3) Non–Energized Apparatus, Vertical and Radial

Clearances:

(a) A minimum vertical clearance of 6 feet below any energized

conductor level shall be maintained to any part of
attachments supporting non–energized equipment.

(b) A minimum radial clearance of 1 foot shall be maintained

from any street light and its supporting fixtures.

(c) A minimum radial clearance of 1 foot shall be maintained

from all communication cables and messengers.

(4) Miscellaneous Equipment: A minimum radial clearance of 1

foot shall be maintained from any supply or communication
device (power supply cabinets, communication drop distribution
terminals, switch enclosures, operating equipment, etc.) where
access may be required by workers. To ensure access and
operation a greater clearance may be required by the utility or
licensee involved.

D. Vertical Clearance Requirements above Thoroughfares,

Ground, etc.

Vertical clearance requirements as in Rule 37, Table 1, Column B,

Cases 1 to 5 inclusive, shall be maintained.

E. Vertical and Lateral Runs

For the requirements of vertical and lateral runs of conductors see

Rule 54.6.

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 Rule 35

F. Energized Conductor (Wire or Cable)

All energized conductor (wire or cable) shall be covered with an

insulation suitable for the voltage involved (See Rule 20.9–G).

G. Guying

Where mechanical loads imposed on poles or structures exceed safety

factors as specified in Rule 44, or at the request of the granting
authority, additional strength shall be provided by the use of guys or
other suitable construction. When guying is required, refer to Rules 56
and 86 for applicable requirements.

Note: Revised November 6,1992 by Resolution No. SU–15.

35 Vegetation Management

Where overhead conductors traverse trees and vegetation, safety and

reliability of service demand that certain vegetation management activities
be performed in order to establish necessary and reasonable clearances,
the minimum clearances set forth in Table 1, Cases 13 and 14, measured
between line conductors and vegetation under normal conditions shall be
maintained. (Also see Appendix E for tree trimming guidelines.) These
requirements apply to all overhead electrical supply and communication
facilities that are covered by this General Order, including facilities on
lands owned and maintained by California state and local agencies.

When a supply or communication company has actual knowledge,

obtained either through normal operating practices or notification to the
company, that dead, rotten or diseased trees or dead, rotten or diseased
portions of otherwise healthy trees overhang or lean toward and may fall
into a span of supply or communication lines, said trees or portions
thereof should be removed.

III-19
May 2018
Rule 35

Communication and electric supply circuits, energized at 750 volts or less,

including their service drops, should be kept clear of vegetation in new
construction and when circuits are reconstructed or repaired, whenever
practicable. When a supply or communication company has actual
knowledge, obtained either through normal operating practices or
notification to the company, that its circuit energized at 750 volts or less
shows strain or evidences abrasion from vegetation contact, the condition
shall be corrected by reducing conductor tension, rearranging or replacing
the conductor, pruning the vegetation, or placing mechanical protection
on the conductor(s). For the purpose of this rule, abrasion is defined as
damage to the insulation resulting from the friction between the
vegetation and conductor. Scuffing or polishing of the insulation or
covering is not considered abrasion. Strain on a conductor is present
when vegetation contact significantly compromises the structural integrity
of supply or communication facilities. Contact between vegetation and
conductors, in and of itself, does not constitute a nonconformance with
the rule.

EXCEPTIONS:

1. Rule 35 requirements do not apply to conductors, or aerial cable that

complies with Rule 57.4-C, energized at less than 60,000 volts, where
trimming or removal is not practicable and the conductor is separated
from the tree with suitable materials or devices to avoid conductor
damage by abrasion and grounding of the circuit through the tree.

2. Rule 35 requirements do not apply where the utility has made a “good
faith” effort to obtain permission to trim or remove vegetation but
permission was refused or unobtainable. A “good faith” effort shall
consist of current documentation of a minimum of an attempted
personal contact and a written communication, including
documentation of mailing or delivery. However, this does not preclude
other action or actions from demonstrating “good faith”. If permission
to trim or remove vegetation is unobtainable and requirements of
exception 2 are met, the utility is not compelled to comply with the
requirements of exception 1.

III-20
May 2018
 Rule 36

3. The Commission recognizes that unusual circumstances beyond the

control of the utility may result in nonconformance with the rules. In
such cases, the utility may be directed by the Commission to take
prompt remedial action to come into conformance, whether or not the
nonconformance gives rise to penalties or is alleged to fall within
permitted exceptions or phase–in requirements.

Note: Revised November 6,1992 by Resolution No. SU–15, September 20, 1996 by Decision No. 96–09–097,
January 23, 1997 by Decision No. 97–01–044 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030..

4. Mature trees whose trunks and major limbs are located more than six
inches, but less than the clearance required by Table 1, Cases 13E and
14E, from primary distribution conductors are exempt from the
minimum clearance requirement under this rule. The trunks and limbs
to which this exemption applies shall only be those of sufficient
strength and rigidity to prevent the trunk or limb from encroaching
upon the six–inch minimum clearance under reasonably foreseeable
local wind and weather conditions. The utility shall bear the risk of
determining whether this exemption applies, and the Commission shall
have final authority to determine whether the exemption applies in any
specific instance, and to order that corrective action be taken in
accordance with this rule, if it determines that the exemption does not
apply.

Note: Added October 22, 1997 by Decision No. 97–10–056. Revised August 20, 2009 by Decision No. 09-08-029 and
January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032

36 Pole Clearances from Railroad Tracks

Poles or other supporting structures which are set in proximity to railroad

tracks shall be so located that the clearance requirements of General
Order 26–D are met. The clearance requirements of General Order 26–D,
applicable to pole line construction, are contained in Appendix E.

Note: Revised February 1, 1948 by Supplement No. 1 (Decision No. 41134, Case No. 4324).

III-21
May 2018
Rule 37

37 Minimum Clearances of Wires above Railroads, Thoroughfares,

Buildings, Etc.

Clearances between overhead conductors, guys, messengers or trolley

span wires and tops of rails, surfaces of thoroughfares or other generally
accessible areas across, along or above which any of the former pass; also
the clearances between conductors, guys, messengers or trolley span
wires and buildings, poles, structures, or other objects, shall not be less
than those set forth in Table 1, at a temperature of 60° F. and no wind.

The clearances specified in Table 1, Case 1, Columns A, B, D, E and F,

shall in no case be reduced more than 5% below the tabular values
because of temperature and loading as specified in Rule 43, or other
conditions. The clearances specified in Table 1, Cases 2 to 6 inclusive,
shall in no case be reduced more than 10% below the tabular values
because of temperature and loading as specified in Rule 43, or other
conditions.

The clearance specified in Table 1, Case 1, Column C (22.5 feet), shall in

no case be reduced below the tabular value because of temperature and
loading as specified in Rule 43.

The clearances specified in Table 1, Cases 11, 12 and 13, shall in no case
be reduced below the tabular values because of temperatures and loading
as specified in Rule 43.

Where supply conductors are supported by suspension insulators at

crossings over railroads which transport freight cars, the initial clearances
shall be sufficient to prevent reduction to clearances less than 95% of the
clearances specified in Table 1, Case 1, through the breaking of a
conductor in either of the adjoining spans.

Where conductors, dead ends, and metal pins are concerned in any
clearance specified in these rules, all clearances of less than 5 inches shall
be applicable from surface of conductors (not including tie wires), dead
ends, and metal pins, except clearances between surface of crossarm and
conductors supported on pins and insulators (referred to in Table 1, Case
9) in which case the minimum clearance specified shall apply between
center line of conductor and surface of crossarm or other line structure on
which the conductor is supported.

III-22
May 2018
 Rule 37

All clearances of 5 inches or more shall be applicable from the center lines
of conductors concerned.

When measuring the minimum allowable vertical conductor clearances in

a span, the minimum clearance applies to the specific location under the
span being measured and not for the entire span.

Note: Modified January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186, March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076; and November 6, 1992
by Resolution SU–15, September 20, 1996 by Decision 96–09–097, January 23, 1997 by Decision 97–01–044
and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

III-23
May 2018
Table 1: Basic Minimum Allowable Vertical Clearance of Wires above Railroads, Thoroughfares, Ground or Water Surfaces; Also Clearances
from Poles, Buildings, Structures or Other Objects (nn) (Letter References Denote Modifications of Minimum Clearances as
Referred to in Notes Following This Table)
Wire or Conductor Concerned
Case Nature of Clearance A B C D E F G
No. Span Wires Communication Trolley Supply Supply Supply Supply
(Other than Conductors Contact, Conductors Conductors Conductors Conductors
Trolley (Including Feeder and of 0 - 750 Volts and and and
Span Wires) Open Wire, Span Wires, and Supply Cables, Supply Cables, Supply Cables,
Overhead Cables and 0 - 5,000 Volts Supply Cables 750 - 22,500 Volts 22.5 - 300 kV 300 - 550 kV
Guys and Service Drops), Treated as in (mm)
Messengers Supply Service Rule 57.8
Drops of
0 - 750 Volts
1 Crossing above tracks of railroads which transport or propose 25 Feet 25 Feet 22.5 Feet 25 Feet 28 Feet 34 Feet 34 Feet (kk)
to transport freight cars (maximum height 15 feet, 6 inches)
where not operated by overhead contact wires. (a) (b) (c)
(d)
2 Crossing or paralleling above tracks of railroads operated by 26 Feet (e) 26 Feet (e) (f) (g) 22.5 Feet (h) (i) 27 Feet (e) (g) 30 Feet (g) 34 Feet (g) 34 Feet (g) (kk)
overhead trolleys. (b) (c) (d) (eee)
3 Crossing or along thoroughfares in urban districts or crossing 18 Feet (j) (k) 18 Feet (j) (l) (m) 19 Feet (hh) 20 Feet (ii) 25 Feet (o) (ii) 30 Feet (o) (ii) 30 Feet (o) (ii)
thoroughfares in rural districts. (c) (d) (ii) (ii) (kkk) (eee) (kk)
4 Above ground along thoroughfares in rural districts or across 15 Feet (k) 15 Feet (m) (n) 19 Feet (eee) 19 Feet 25 Feet (o) 30 Feet (o) (p) 30 Feet (o) (kk)
other areas capable of being traversed by vehicles or (p)
agricultural equipment.
5 Above ground in areas accessible to pedestrians only 8 Feet 10 Feet (m) (q) 19 Feet (eee) 12 Feet 17 Feet 25 Feet (o) 25 Feet (o) (kk)
6 Vertical clearance above walkable surfaces on buildings, 8 Feet (r) 8 Feet (r) 8 Feet 8 Feet 12 Feet 12 Feet 20 Feet (ll)
(except generating plants or substations) bridges or other
structures which do not ordinarily support conductors,
whether attached or unattached.
6a Vertical clearance above non–walkable surfaces on buildings, 2 Feet 8 Feet (yy) 8 Feet 8 Feet (zz) 8 Feet 8 Feet 20 Feet
(except generating plants or substations) bridges or other
structures, which do not ordinarily support conductors,
whether attached or unattached
7 Horizontal clearance of conductor at rest from buildings - 3 Feet (u) 3 Feet 3 Feet (u) (v) 6 Feet (v) 6 Feet (v) 15 Feet (v)
(except generating plants and substations), bridges or other
structures (upon which men may work) where such
conductor is not attached thereto (s) (t)
8 Distance of conductor from center line of pole, whether - 15 inches (s) (aa) 15 inches (aa) 15 inches (o) 15 or 18 inches 18 inches (dd) Not Applicable
attached or unattached (w) (x) (y) (bb) (cc) (aa) (dd) (o) (dd) (ee) (jj) (ee)
9 Distance of conductor from surface of pole, crossarm or - 3 inches (aa) (ff) 3 inches (aa) 3 inches (aa) 3 inches (dd) (gg) 1/4 Pin Spacing 1/2 Pin Spacing
other overhead line structure upon which it is supported, (cc) (gg) (dd) (gg) (jj) Shown in Table Shown in Table
providing 2 Case 15 (dd) 2 Case 15 (dd)
it complies with case 8 above (x)

III-24
May 2018
Table 1 (Continued)
Wire or Conductor Concerned
Case Nature of Clearance A B C D E F G
No. Span Wires Communication Trolley Supply Supply Supply Supply
(Other than Conductors Contact, Conductors Conductors Conductors Conductors
Trolley (Including Feeder and of 0 - 750 Volts and and and
Span Wires) Open Wire, Span Wires, and Supply Cables, Supply Cables, Supply Cables,
Overhead Cables and 0 - 5,000 Volts Supply Cables 750 - 22,500 Volts 22.5 - 300 kV 300 - 550 kV
Guys and Service Drops), Treated as in (mm)
Messengers Supply Service Rule 57.8
Drops of
0 - 750 Volts
10 Radial centerline clearance of conductor or cable - 1 Foot (u) (rr) (ss) 15 inches (bb) 3 Feet (oo) 6 Feet (pp) 10 Feet (qq) 10 Feet (ll)
(unattached) from non-climbable street lighting or traffic (cc)
signal poles or standards, including mastarms, brackets and
lighting fixtures, and from antennas that are not part of the
overhead line system.
11 Water areas not suitable for sailboating (tt) (uu) (ww) (xx) 15 Feet 15 Feet - 15 Feet 17 Feet 25 Feet 25 Feet (kk)
12 Water areas suitable for sailboating, surface area of: (tt)
(vv) (ww) (xx)
(A) Less than 20 acres 18 Feet 18 Feet - 18 Feet 20 Feet 27 Feet 27 Feet (kk)
(B) 20 to 200 acres 26 Feet 26 Feet - 26 Feet 28 Feet 35 Feet 35 Feet (kk)
(C) Over 200 to 2,000 acres 32 Feet 32 Feet - 32 Feet 34 Feet 41 Feet 41 Feet (kk)
(D) Over 2,000 acres 38 Feet 38 Feet 38 Feet 40 Feet 47 Feet 47 Feet (kk)
13 Radial clearance of bare line conductors from tree branches - - 18 inches (bbb) - 18 inches (bbb) 1/4 pin spacing 1/2 pin spacing
or foliage (aaa) (ddd) shown in table shown in table
2, Case 15 2, Case 15
(bbb) (ccc)
14 Radial clearance of bare line conductors from vegetation in 18 inches (bbb) 48 inches (bbb) 48 inches (fff) 120 inches
the Fire-Threat District (aaa) (ddd) (hhh)(jjj) (iii) (ggg)
References to Rules Modifying Minimum Clearances in Table 1 Rule Rule
(a) Shall not be reduced more than 5% because of temperature or loading 37 2. Trolley span wires 77.4-A
1 Supply lines 54.4–B1 (i) May be reduced for trolley contact and span wires in subways, tunnels,
2 Communication lines 84.4–B1 under bridges and in fenced areas
(b) Shall be increased for supply conductors on suspension insulators, 1 Trolley contact conductors 74.4–E
under certain conditions 37 2 Trolley span wires 77.4–B
(c) Special clearances are provided for traffic signal equipment 58.4–C (j) May be reduced at crossings over private thoroughfares and entrances to
(d) Special clearances are provided for street lighting equipment 58.5–B private property and over private property
(e) Based on trolley pole throw of 26 feet. may be reduced where 1 Supply service drops 54.8–B2
suitably protected 56.4–B2 2 Supply guys 56.4–A
1 Supply guys 56.4–B2 3 Communication service drops 84.8–C2
2 Supply cables and messengers 57.4–B2 4 Communication guys 86.4–A
3 Communication guys 86.4–B2 (k) May be reduced along thoroughfares where not normally accessible to vehicles
4 Communication cables and messengers 87.4–B2 1 Supply guys 56.4–A1
(f) May be reduced depending on height of trolley contact conductors 2 Communication guys 86.4–A1
1 Supply service drops 54.8–C5 (l) May be reduced where within 12 feet of curb line of public thoroughfares
2 Communication service drops 84.8–D5 1 Supply service drops 54.8–B1
(g) May be reduced and shall be increased depending on trolley throw 2 Communication service drops 84.8–C1
1 Supply conductors (except service drops) 54.4–B2 (m) May be reduced for railway signal cables under special conditions 84.4–A4
2 Communication conductors (except service drops) 84.4–B2
(h) May be decreased where freight cars are not transported.
1. Trolley contact and feeder conductors. 74.4-B1

May 2018
III-25
References to Rules Modifying Minimum Clearances in Table 1 Rule Rule
(n) May be reduced in rural districts 7 Communication lateral conductors 84.6–C
1 Intentionally left blank 8 Communication vertical runs 84.6–D
2 Intentionally left blank 9 Communication risers 84.6–E
3 Communication conductors along roads 84.4–A2 (y) Increased clearances required for certain conductors
(o) May be reduced for transformer, regulator or capacitor leads 1 Unattached conductors on colinear and crossing lines 32.3
1 Transformer leads 58.1–B 2 Unattached supply conductors 54.4–D3
2 Regulator or capacitor leads 58.1–B 3 Supply service drops on clearance crossarms 54.8–C2
(p) May be reduced across arid or mountainous areas 4 Supply service drops on pole top extensions 54.8–C3
1 Supply conductors of more than 22,500 volts 54.4–A1 5 Unattached supply service drops 54.8–D
2 Communications conductors 84.4–A1 6 Communication lines, colinear, conflicting or crossing 84.4–D3
(q) Shall be increased or may be reduced under special conditions 7 Communication conductors passing supply poles and unattached thereto 84.4–D4
1 Supply service drops 54.8–B3 8 Communication service drops on clearance crossarms 84.8–D2
2 Intentionally left blank 9 Communication service drops on pole top extensions 84.8–D3
3 Communications conductors 84.4–A3 10 Unattached communication service drops 84.8–E
4 Increased for communication service drops on industrial or commercial (z) Special provisions for police and fire alarm conductors require increased
premises 84.8–C3a clearances 92.2
5 Communication service drops on residential premises 84.8–C3b (aa) May be reduced under special provisions
(r) May be reduced above roofs of buildings under special conditions 1 Supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts in rack configuration 54.4–D5
1 Supply overhead guys 56.4–G 2 Service supply drops from racks 54.8–F
2 Supply service drops 54.8–B4 3 Supply cables and messengers attached to poles 57.4–F
3 Communication overhead guys 86.4–F 4 Communication conductors on communication poles 84.4–D
4 Communication conductors and cables 84.4–E 5 Communication conductors on crossarms 84.4–D1
5 Communication service drops 84.8–C4 6 Communication conductors attached to poles 84.4–D2
(s) Also applies at fire escapes, etc. 7 Communication service drops attached to poles 84.8–B
1 Supply conductors 54.4–H1 8 Communication cables and messengers 87.4–D
2 Vertical clearances 54.8B4a 9 Supply or communication cables and messengers on jointly used poles 92.1–B
3 Horizontal clearance 54.8–B4b 10 Communication open wire on jointly used poles 92.1–C
4 Communication conductors 84.4–E 11 Multiconductor cable with bare neutral 54.10–B1
(t) Special clearances where attached to buildings, bridges or other structures (bb) May be reduced for class t conductors of not more than 750 volts
1 Supply conductors of 750 - 22,500 volts 54.4–H2 and of the same potential and polarity 74.4–D
2 Trolley contact conductors 74.4–E (cc) Not applicable to trolley span wires 77.4–E
3 Communication conductors 84.4–F (dd) Special clearances for pole–top and deadend construction
(u) Reduced clearances permitted under special conditions 1 Conductors deadended in vertical configuration on poles 54.4–C4
1 Supply service drops on industrial or commercial premises 54.8–B4a 2 Conductors deadended in horizontal configuration 54.4–D8
2 Supply cables, grounded 57.4–G (ee) Clearance requirements for certain voltage classifications 54.4–D2
3 Communication cables beside buildings, etc. 84.4–E (ff) Not applicable to communication conductors 84.4–D
4 Communication conductors under bridges, etc. 84.4–F (gg) Clearance from crossarms may be reduced for certain conductors
5 Communication service drops 84.8–C4 1 Suitable insulated leads to protect runs 54.4–E
6 Communication cables passing nonclimbable street light poles, etc. 84.4–D4a 2 Leads of 0 - 5,000 volts to equipment 54.4–E
(v) May be reduced under special conditions 3 Leads of 0 - 5,000 volts to cutouts or switches 58.3–A2
1 Supply conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts 54.4–H1 (hh) Reduced clearance permitted from temporary fixtures and lighting circuits
2 Supply transformer lead and bus wires, where guarded 58.1 0 - 300 volts 78.3–A1
(w) May be reduced at angles in lines and transposition points (ii) Special Clearances Required Above Public and Private Swimming Pools
1 Supply conductors 54.4–D1 1 Supply line conductors 54.4–A3
2 Communication conductors 84.4–D5 2 Supply service drops 54.8–B5
(x) May be reduced for suitably protected lateral or vertical runs 3 Communication line conductors 84.4–A5
1 Supply bond wires 53.4 4 Communication service drops 84.8–C5
2 Supply ground wires 54.6–B 5 Supply guys, span wires 56.4–A3
3 Supply lateral conductors 54.6–C 6 Communication guys 86.4–A3
4 Supply vertical runs 54.6–D (jj) May be decreased in partial underground distribution 54.4–D2
5 Supply risers 54.6–E
6 Communication ground wires 84.6–B

III-26
May 2018
References to Rules Modifying Minimum Clearances in Table 1 Rule Rule
(kk) Shall be increased by 0.025 feet per kV in excess of 300 kV (ccc) For 22.5 kV to 105 kV, minimum clearance shall be 18 inches.
(ll) Shall be increased by 0.04 feet per KV in excess of 300 kV (ddd) Clearances in this case shall be maintained for normal annual weather variations, rather
(mm) Proposed clearances to be submitted to the cpuc prior to construction for circuits in excess than at 60 degrees, no wind.
of 550 kV. (eee) May be reduced to 18 feet if the voltage does not exceed 1000 volts and the
(nn) Voltage shown in the table shall mean line–to–ground voltage for direct current (DC) clearance is not reduced to more than 5% below the reduced value of 18 feet
systems because of temperature and loading as specified in Rules 37 and 43.
(oo) May Be reduced for grounded or multi–conductor cables (fff) Clearances in this case shall be increased for conductors operating above 72
1 Grounded cables 57.4–H kV, to the following:
2 Multi–Conductor cables 54.10–B2 1 Conductors operating between 72kV and a 110 kV shall maintain a 72
(pp) May be reduced to 4 feet for voltages below 7,500 volts 54.4–D3 inch clearance
(qq) May be reduced to 6 feet for voltages below 75 kV
2 Conductors operating above 110 kV shall maintain a 120 inch
(rr) May be reduced for supply service drops 54.8–D1
clearance
(ss) May be reduced for communications service drops 84.8–E1
(tt) Where a federal agency or surrogate thereof has issued a crossing permit, (ggg) Shall be increased by 0.40 inch per kV in excess of 500 kV
clearances of that permit shall govern. (hhh) The High Fire-Threat District is defined in GO 95, Rule 21.2-D.
(uu) Or where sailboating is prohibited and where other boating activities are allowed (iii) May be reduced to 18 inches for conductors operating less than 2.4 kV.
(vv) Clearance above contiguous ground shall be 5 feet greater than in cases 11 or (jjj) Clearances in this case shall not apply to orchards of fruit, nut or citrus trees
12 for the type of water area served for boat launch facilities and for area that are plowed or cultivated. In those areas Case 13 clearances shall apply.
contiguous thereto, that are posted, designated or specifically prepared for
(kkk) For communication conductors across or along public thoroughfares see
rigging of sailboats or other watercraft.
84.4–A(6).
(ww) For controlled impoundments, the surface areas and corresponding clearances shall be
based upon the high water level. for other waters, the surface area shall be that enclosed
by its annual flood level. the clearance over rivers, streams and canals shall be based upon Note: Revised February 1, 1948 by Supplement No. 1 (Decision No. 41134, Case No.
the largest surface areas of any one–mile long segment which includes the crossing. The 4324); January 2, 1962 by Resolution E–1109; February 7, 1964 by Decision
clearance over a canal, river or stream normally used to provide access for sailboats to a No. 66707; March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by
larger body of water shall be the same as that required for the larger body of water. Decision No. 71094; September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984; March 30,
(xx) Water areas are lakes, ponds, reservoirs, tidal waters, rivers, streams and 1968 by Decision No. 73813; January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186; March
canals without surface obstructions. 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076; November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6;
(yy) May be reduced over non–walkable structures 54.8 January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10; and November 6, 1992 by Resolution
(Table 10) SU–15, September 20, 1996 by Decision 96–09–097, October 9, 1996 by
(zz) May be reduced to 2 feet for conductors insulated in accordance with 20.9–G Resolution SU–40, January 23, 1997 by Decision 97–01–044, January 13,
(aaa) Special requirements for communication and supply circuits energized 2005 by Decision No. 0501030 , January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032,
at 0 - 750 volts 35 January 21, 2015 by Decision 1501005, and December 14, 2017, by Decision
(bbb) May be reduced for conductor of less than 60,000 volts when protected from D. 17-12-024.
abrasion and grounding by contact with tree 35

III-27
May 2018
Rule 38

38 Minimum Clearances of Wires from Other Wires

The minimum vertical, horizontal or radial clearances of wires from other

wires shall not be less than the values given in Table 2 and are based on
a temperature of 60° F. and no wind. Conductors may be deadended at
the crossarm or have reduced clearances at points of transposition, and
shall not be held in violation of Table 2, Cases 8–15, inclusive.

The clearances in Table 2 shall in no case be reduced more than

10 percent, except mid-span in Tier 3 of the High Fire-Threat District
where they shall be reduced by no more than 5 percent, because of
temperature and loading as specified in Rule 43 or because of a difference
in size or design of the supporting pins, hardware or insulators. All
clearances of less than 5 inches shall be applied between surfaces, and
clearances of 5 inches or more shall be applied to the center lines of such
items. The utilities of interest (including electric supply and/or
communication companies) shall cooperate and provide relevant
information for sag calculations for their facilities, upon request.

Note: Revised May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5, and December 14, 2017, by Decision D.17-12-024.

(This Space Intentionally Left Blank)

May 2018 III-28

Table 2: Basic Minimum Allowable Clearance of Wires from Other Wires at Crossings, in Midspans and at Supports (Letter References
Denote Modifications of Minimum Clearances as Referred to in Notes Following This Table) All Clearances are in Inches
Other Wire, Cable or Conductor Concerned
Supply Conductors (Including Supply Cables)
A B C D E F G H I J K (kk)
Nature of Clearance and Class Span Wires, Trolley Communication 0 – 750 750 - 7,500 - 20,000 - 35,000 - 75,000 - 150,000 - 300,000 -
Case and Voltage of Guys and Contact Conductors Volts 7,500 Volts 20,000 Volts 35,000 Volts 75,000 Volts 150,000 300,000 550,000
No. Wire, Cable or Conductor Messengers Conductors (Including Open (Including Volts Volts Volts
Concerned 0 – 750 Wire, Cables Service
Volts and Service Drops) and
Drops) Trolley
Feeders (a)
Clearance between wires,
cables and conductors not
supported on the same
poles, vertically at
crossings in spans and
radially where colinear or
approaching crossings
1 Span wires, guys and 18 (c) 48 (d, e) 24 (e) 24 (e) 36 (f) 36 72 72 78 78 (gg) 138 (hh)
messengers (b)
2 Trolley contact conductors, 0 - 48 (d, e) - 48 (d) 48 (d, h) 48 72 96 96 96 96 (gg) 156 (hh)
750 volts
3 Communication conductors 24 (e) 48 (d) 24 48 (i) 48 (dd) 72 96 96 96 96 (gg) 156 (hh)
4 Supply conductors, service 24 (e) 48 (d, h) 48 (i) 24 48 48 96 (oo) 96 96 96(gg) 156 (hh)
drops and trolley feeders, 0 -
750 volts (qq)
5 Supply conductors, 750 - 36 (f) 48 48 (dd) 48 48 (h) 72 96 (oo) 96 96 96(gg) 156 (hh)
7,500 volts (qq)
6 Supply conductors, 7,500 - 36 72 72 48 72 72 96 (oo) 96 96 96 (gg) 156 (hh)
20,000 volts (qq)
7 Supply conductors, more than 72 (g) 96 (g) 96 (g) 96 (g, oo) 96 (g, oo) 96 (g, oo) 96 (g, oo) 96 (g) 96 96 (gg) 156 (hh)
20,000 volts (qq)
Vertical separation
between conductors
and/or cables, on separate
crossarms or other
supports at different levels
(excepting on related line
and buck arms) on the
same pole and in adjoining
midspans
8 Communication Conductors - - 12 (j, rr) 48 (k, l, m, 48 (k) 72 (m n) 72 (m) 72 78 87 (gg) 147 (hh)
and Service Drops n, pp)
9 Supply Conductors Service - - 48 (k, l, m, n, 24 (h, k, 48 (k, m, p) 48 (k, m, p) 72 (m, nn) 72 78 87 (gg) 147 (hh)
Drops and Trolley Feeders, 0 - pp) m, o)
750 Volts

May 2018 III-29

Table 2 (Continued)
Other Wire, Cable or Conductor Concerned
Supply Conductors (Including Supply Cables)
Case Nature of Clearance and Class A B C D E F G H I J K (kk)
No. and Voltage of Span Wires, Trolley Communication 0 – 750 750 - 7,500 - 20,000 - 35,000 - 75,000 - 150,000 - 300,000 -
Wire, Cable or Conductor Guys and Contact Conductors Volts 7,500 Volts 20,000 Volts 35,000 Volts 75,000 Volts 150,000 300,000 550,000
Concerned Messengers Conductors (Including Open (Including Volts Volts Volts
0 – 750 Wire, Cables Service
Volts and Service Drops) and
Drops) Trolley
Feeders (a)
10 Supply conductors, 750 – - - 48 (k) 48 (k, m, 48 (m, o, r, 48 (m, q) 48 (m, q) 48 (q) 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150 (hh)
7,500 volts p) ee)
11 Supply conductors, 7,500 – - - 72 (m, n) 48 (k, m, 48 (m, q) 48 (m, o, q, 48 (m, q) 48 (q) 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150 (hh)
20,000 volts p) r, ee)
12 Supply conductors, 20,000 – - - 72 (m) 72 (m, nn) 48 (m, q) 48 (m, q) 48 (o, q) 48 (o, q) 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150 (hh)
75,000 volts
13 Supply conductors, more than - - 72 72 60 (q) 60 (q) 60 (q) 60 (q) 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150 (hh)
75,000 volts
Vertical clearance between
conductors on related line
arms and buck arms
14 Line arms above or below - - 6 12 (u) 18 (u) 18 (u) 24 48 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150(hh)
related buck arms (s, t)
Horizontal separation of
conductors on same
crossarm
15 Pin spacing of longitudinal - - 3 (x) 11–1/2 (h, 11 1/2 (x) 17–1/2 (x) 24 (x) 48 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150 (hh)
conductors vertical conductors x)
and service drops (v, w, zz)
Radial separation of
conductors on same
crossarm, pole or
structure—incidental pole
wiring
16 Conductors, taps or lead wires - - 3 (x) 11–1/2 (h, 11 1/2 (x) 17–1/2 (x) 24 (x) 48 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150 (hh)
of different circuits (v, y, s, zz) x)
16a Uncovered, grounded, non- - 15 15 15 18 18 18 18 24 36 120
dielectric fiber optic cables on
metallic structures, in
transition (ss)
17 Conductors, taps or lead wires - - 3 3 6 6 12 24 60 (ff) 90 (gg) 150 (hh)
of the same circuit (v, s, aa,
zz)
Radial separation between
guys and conductors
18 Guys passing conductors - - 3 11–1/2 11–1/2 17–1/2 24 36 36 (ff) 78 (gg) 138 (hh)
supported on other poles, or
guys approximately parallel to
conductors supported on the
same poles

May 2018 III-30

 Table 2 (Continued)
Other Wire, Cable or Conductor Concerned
Supply Conductors (Including Supply Cables)
Case Nature of Clearance and Class A B C D E F G H I J K (kk)
No. and Voltage of Span Wires, Trolley Communication 0 – 750 750 - 7,500 - 20,000 - 35,000 - 75,000 - 150,000 - 300,000 -
Wire, Cable or Conductor Guys and Contact Conductors Volts 7,500 Volts 20,000 Volts 35,000 Volts 75,000 Volts 150,000 300,000 550,000
Concerned Messengers Conductors (Including Open (Including Volts Volts Volts
0 – 750 Wire, Cables Service
Volts and Service Drops) and
Drops) Trolley
Feeders
(a)
19 Guys and span wires passing (cc) - 3 (bb) 3 6 9 12 18 24 48 (ii) 86 (jj)
conductors supported on the
same poles
Vertical and horizontal
insulators clearances
between conductors
20 Vertical clearance between - - - - 24 24 24 36 or 48 (ll, 48 (mm) 48 (mm) 48 (mm)
conductors of the same circuit mm)
on horizontal insulators
Vertical clearance above
supply and/or
communication lines
21 Antennas and associated 24 (vv) 48 (vv) 24(ww) 48(vv, xx) 72 72 72 120 (vv, yy) - - -
elements on the same support
structure. (tt, uu)
References to Rules Modifying Minimum Clearances in Table 2 Rule Rule
(a) The clearances in column D are also applicable to supply cables of any (h) May be reduced for certain conductors of Class T Circuits of the same system 74.4–C
voltage under certain conditions 57.4 (i) May be reduced for service drops under special conditions
(b) Clearances for guys and span wires apply vertically at crossings (see case 18 1 Supply service drops and communication line conductors 54.8–C1a
for radial clearances from conductors) 2 Supply service drops and communication service drops 54.8–C4
1 Supply guys and span wires from conductors 56.4–C 3 Communication service drops and supply line conductors 84.8–D1a
2 Supply guys and span wires from guys and span wires 56.4–D1 4 Communication service drops and supply service drops 84.8–D4
3 Communication guys and span wires from conductors 86.4–C (j) May be reduced or shall be increased for certain communication conductors
4 Communication guys and span wires from guys and span wires 86.4–D1 or cables
(c) Not applicable between messengers or span wires of the same system 1 Open wire conductors, attached to poles, within 3 feet of topmost conductor 84.4C1c
1 Supply messengers 57.4–E 2 Line conductors of police or fire–alarm circuits and service drops from other
2 Trolley span wires 77.4–D communication circuits 84.8–D1b
3 Communication messengers 87.4–G 3 Cables and messengers attached to poles 87.4–C3
(d) Protection Required on guys, span wires, messengers and cables where within (k) Special clearances for 0 - 750 volts in rack configuration and messengers and cables
trolley throw attached to poles
1 Supply guys and span wires 56.4–B2 1 Supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts in rack configuration 54.9
2 Supply messengers and cables 57.4-B2 2 Supply cables and messengers attached to poles 57.4–F
3 Communication guys and span wires 86.4–B2 3 Communication cables and messengers attached to poles 87.4–C3
4 Communication messengers 87.4–B2 4 On jointly used poles 92.1
(e) Not applicable to certain conductors supported on trolley span wires
1 Trolley contact and feeder conductors 74.4–G2
2 Trolley feeder conductors 78.1
3 Trolley system communication conductors 78.2
4 Foreign conductors 78.3
(f) Increased clearance required over trolley contact conductors
750 - 7,500 volts 74.4–G2
(g) Shall be increased for voltages above 75,000 as required by Table 2,
Columns I, J and K N/A

May 2018 III-31

References to Rules Modifying Minimum Clearances in Table 2 Rule Rule
(l) May be reduced for service drops and police and fire–alarm conductors, under (z) Not applicable to the following:
special conditions 1 Clearances between conductors at different levels specified in
1 Supply service drops and communication line conductors 54.8–C1b cases 8 to 13 inclusive N/A
2 Supply service drops on clearance arms 54.8–C2 2 Supply lateral conductors, suitably protected 54.6–C
3 Supply service drops on pole–top extensions 54.8–C3 3 Supply vertical runs, suitably protected 54.6–D
4 Supply service drops and communication service drops 54.8–C4 4 Supply risers, suitably protected 54.6–E
5 Communication service drops and police, fire–alarm or supply 5 Communication conductor 87.4–C1
line conductors 84.8–D1b (aa) Not applicable between cables and their supporting messengers
6 Communication service drops on clearance arms 84.8–D2 1 Supply 57.4–D
7 Communication service drops on pole–top extensions 84.8–D3 2 Communication 87.4–F
8 Communication service drops and supply service drops 84.8–D4 (bb) May be reduced for guys and communication conductors
9 Police or fire–alarm conductors 92 supported on the same pole
(m) May be reduced for lead wires 1 Supply 56.4–C4
1 Supply lead wires above supply conductors 54.4–C6 2 Communication 86.4–C
2 Supply drip loops above communication conductors 92.1–F3 (cc) Clearance required between guys
(n) May be reduced for supply conductors and private communication conductors 1 Supply guys, crossing 56.4–D2
of the same ownership 89.2–B 2 Supply guys, approximately parallel 56.4–D3
(o) May be reduced or shall be increased for triangular or vertical configuration or 3 Communication guys, crossing 86.4–D2
for pole–top construction 4 Communication guys, approximately parallel 86.4–D3
1 Triangular or vertical configuration on crossarms 54.4–C1c (dd) Shall be increased where within 6 feet of a pole 103.5
2 deadended on pole in vertical configuration 54.4–C4 (ee) May be decreased in partial underground distribution 54.4–C4c
(p) May be reduced for supply service drops of 0 - 750 volts 54.8–C6 (ff) Shall be increased by 0.40 inch per kV in excess of 75 kV
(q) Shall be increased between circuits where conductors are at pole top 54.4–D8 (gg) Shall be increased by 0.40 inch per kV in excess of 150 kV
(r) May be reduced under special conditions (hh) Shall be increased by 0.40 inch per kV in excess of 300 kV
1 Supply conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts 54.4–C1a (ii) Shall be increased by 0.25 inch per kV in excess of 150 kV
2 Supply conductors of 7,500 - 20,000 volts 54.4C1b (jj) Shall be increased by 0.25 inch per kV in excess of 300 kV
(s) Does not apply where conductors do not cross (kk) Proposed clearances to be submitted to the CPUC prior to construction for circuits in excess of 550
1 Supply conductors of different phase or polarity 54.4–C2a kV
2 Communication conductors 84.4–C1a (ll) 36–inch clearance applies 35 kV to 68 kV.
(t) Shall not be applied consecutively both above and below the same 42–inch clearance applies over 68 kV.
supply conductors 54.4–C2a (mm) Vertical clearances shall be increased by 1/2 inch for each kV over 68 kV
(u) Shall be increased where conductors of different classification are supported (nn) The vertical separation between supply conductors and service drops of 0 - 750 volts and supply
on the same crossarm conductors of 20,000 - 22,500 volts may be reduced to 48 inches
1 Supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts and conductors of 7,500 - 22,500 volts 32.4–A2 (oo) May be reduced to 72inches for conductors of 20,000 - 22,500 volts
2 Supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts and conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts 32.4–A3 (pp) May be reduced to 36 inches vertically at midspan only when the supply conductors consist of
(v) Not applicable to certain kinds of conductors abrasion resistant cable with a grounded metallic sheath or neutral–supported cable as specified in
1 Supply conductors of same phase or polarity 54.4–C3c Rules 57 and 54.10.
2 Insulated supply conductors in multiple–conductor cables 57.4–C (qq) Vertical clearances may be reduced between supply conductors of the same circuit at crossings in
3 Communication insulated conductors or multiple–conductor cables 87.4–C1 spans54.4–C7
(w) Shall apply radially to conductors on brackets attached to crossarms (rr) Can be less than 12” for strand mounted terminals, splice cases and other equipment located 8” or
1 Supply conductors 54.4–C3b more from centerline of pole but not less than 1” with mutual agreement between affected owners.
2 Communication conductors 84.4–C1b (ss) Requirements for transition of Fiber optic cable facilities 87.10
(x) Shall be increased between conductors of different classification supported (tt) For Antennas utilized by utilities for the sole purpose of operating and monitoring their supply
on the same crossarm system see Rules 54.4-G and 58.6.
1 Supply conductors of different voltage classification 32.4–A (uu) For clearances below supply and communication lines see Rules 94.4-A and 94.4-B
2 Supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts and communication circuits 32.4–B (vv) Clearances for exposed associated cables may be reduced by 12 inches.
3 Supply circuits and private communications circuits 89.2–A (ww) May be reduced to 10 inches for cables installed by Antenna owner/operator.
(y) Special clearances for unprotected supply conductors from one level to (xx) Clearance from service drop point of attachment on structure to Antenna(s) and associated
another level 54.6–A supporting elements may be reduced to 10 inches.
58.5–B3 (yy) Up to 50 kV.
92.1–F5 (zz) In areas that are subjected to high winds, a utility may need to take extra measures to maintain all
required separations. Measures may include but are not limited to, spacer bars and increased pin
spacing
Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984; March 30, 1968 by Decision No.
73813; July 22, 1968 by Decision No. 74342; September 11, 1974 by Decision No. 83420; March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076;
November 6, 1992 by Resolution No. SU–15, January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25, October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40,
January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030 and October 2, 2008 by Decision No. 0810017.

May 2018 III-32

 Rule 39

39 Minimum Clearances of Wires from Signs

Clearance between any overhead line conductor and all signs, whether
mounted on buildings, isolated structures or otherwise constructed shall
not be less than the values given in Table 2–A at a temperature of 60o F.
and no wind.

The clearances specified in Table 2–A shall in no case be reduced more

than 10% because of temperature and loading as specified in Rule 43. All
clearances of more than 5 inches shall be applicable from the centerlines
of conductors concerned. Lesser clearances shall be applicable from
conductor surfaces.

(This Space Intentionally Left Blank)

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May 2018
Table 2–A Minimum Clearances of Wires from Signs Mounted on Buildings and Isolated Structures (a) (Letter References Denote
Modifications of Minimum Clearances as Referred to in Notes Following this Table)
Case Nature of Clearance A B C D E
No. Type of Sign Span Wires Communication Open Wire Supply Conductors, Supply Conductors Supply Conductors
(Other than Trolley Conductors Supply Cables and and
Span Wires) Overhead Supply Cables Treated as of 0 - 750 Volts Supply Cables, Supply Cables,
Guys and Messengers, in Rule 57.8 and Supply and 750 - 300,000 Volts 300 - 550 kV
Communication Cables Service Drops Trolley Span Wires (b)
and Communication 0 - 750 Volts
Service Drops
1 Vertical clearance above all signs upon which men can 8 Feet 8 Feet 8 Feet 12 Feet 20 Feet (g)
walk
2 Vertical clearance above all signs upon which men cannot 2 Feet 2 Feet 3 Feet 8 Feet 20 Feet (g)
walk
3 Vertical clearance under signs which are illuminated 2 Feet (c) 2 Feet (e) 3 Feet Prohibited (f) Prohibited
4 Vertical clearance under signs which are non–illuminated 6” (d) 1 Foot 3 Feet Prohibited (f) Prohibited
5 Horizontal clearance from signs which are illuminated 3 Feet (c) 3 Feet (e) 3 Feet 6 Feet 15 Feet (h)
6 Horizontal clearance from signs which are non–illuminated 6” (d) 1 Foot 3 Feet 6 Feet 15 Feet (h)

References to Rules Modifying Minimum Clearances in Table 2–A Rule Rule

(a) These clearances do not apply to service drop conductors which are attached to signs for the (f) When conductors are at a level of 8 feet or more below the level of the lowest
purpose of serving such signs. portion of the sign but not vertically under the sign, no horizontal clearance is
(b) Nothing herein contained shall be construed as authorization of noncompliance with required between the vertical planes through the conductor nearest the sign and the
standards of the California division of industrial safety, including article e760–2 vertical projection of the extremities of the sign. Also note (b) above.
entitled “provision for preventing accidents due to proximity of high-voltage lines, (g) Shall be increased by 0.04 foot per kV in excess of 300 kV.
24 Cal. Adm. Code, Part 3, Basic Electrical Regulations. (h) Not applicable to certain kinds of conductors.
(c) May be reduced to 6 inches provided illuminated sign is grounded. 1 Supply conductors of same phase and polarity 54.4–C3c
(d) May be reduced if adequate separation is provided by means of a suitable non– 2 Insulated supply conductors in multi–conductor cables 57.4–C
conducting separator. 3 Communication insulated conductors or multiple–conductor cables 87.4–C1
(e) May be reduced to 1 foot for communication open wire conductors only, provided
illuminated sign is grounded

Note: Resolution E–1068 dated May 31, 1960 authorized the addition of the above Rule 39 and Table 2–A to be effective July 1, 1960. Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813

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 Section IV
Strength Requirements for All Classes of Lines

Rule Page

40. General IV-5

41. Classification of Circuits and Grades of Construction IV-5
42. Grades of Construction IV-5
Table 3 IV-6
42.1 Two or More Conditions IV-6
42.2 Line Crossing Two or More Lines IV-6
42.3 Line Crossing Involved Lines IV-7
43. Temperature and Loading IV-7
43.1 Heavy Loading IV-7
A. Wind IV-7
B. Ice IV-7
C. Temperature IV-8
43.2 Light Loading IV-8
A. Wind IV-8
B. Ice IV-8
C. Temperature IV-8
44. Safety Factors IV-8
44.1 Installation and Reconstruction IV-9
Table 4 IV-10
44.2 Additional Construction IV-11
44.3 Replacement IV-11
44.4 Cooperation IV-12
45. Transverse Strength Requirements IV-13
45.1 Special Provisions IV-13
46. Vertical Strength Requirements IV-13
47. Longitudinal Strength Requirements IV-14
47.1 Use of Guys and Braces IV-14
47.2 Change in Grade of Construction IV-14
47.3 End Supports in Grades “A” or “B” Construction IV-15

IV-1
May 2018
 Rule Page

48. Ultimate Strength of Materials IV-15

48.1 Wood IV-15
A. Natural Wood (Non Laminate) IV-15
(1) Poles IV-15
(2) Sawn Wood Structural Members IV-16
B. Laminated Wood IV-16
Table 5 IV-16
48.2 Steel IV-17
48.3 Concrete IV-19
A. Reinforced Concrete IV-19
B. Prestressed Concrete IV-19
48.4 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer IV-19
48.5 Other Engineered Materials IV-20
48.6 Conductors, Span Wires, Guys and Messengers IV-21
48.7 Tower or Pole Foundations and Footings IV-21
49. Detailed Strength Requirements IV-21
49.1 Poles, Towers and Other Structures IV-21
A. Strength IV-21
B. Dimensions IV-22
C. Setting of Poles IV-23
Table 6 IV-23
D. Gains IV-24
E. Replacements IV-24
49.2 Crossarms IV-24
A. Material IV-24
(1) Wood IV-24
(2) Metal IV-24
(3) Prestressed Concrete IV-24
(4) Other Material IV-24
B. Minimum Size IV-24
C. Strength IV-25
(1) Longitudinal Loads Normally Balanced IV-25

IV-2
May 2018
 Rule Page

49.2-C1 Strength - Longitudinal Loads Normally Balanced (continued)

(a) Supply Lines IV-25
(b) Communication Lines, Class C IV-25
(2) Longitudinal Loads Normally Unbalanced IV-25
D. Replacements IV-26
E. Guard Arm IV-26
49.3 Pins and Conductor Fastenings IV-26
A. Material IV-26
(1) Pins IV-26
(2) Fastenings IV-26
B. Size IV-26
(1) Wood Pins IV-26
(2) Metal Pins IV-26
(3) Fastenings and Tie Wires IV-26
Table 7 IV-27
C. Strength IV-27
(1) Longitudinal Loads Normally Balanced IV-27
(a) Insulator Pins IV-27
(b) Conductor Fastenings IV-28
(2) Longitudinal Loads Normally Unbalanced IV-28
D. Replacements IV-28
49.4 Conductors IV-29
A. Material IV-29
B. Size IV-29
Table 8 IV-30
C. Strength IV-31
(1) Heavy Loading Districts IV-31
(2) Light Loading Districts IV-31
(3) Heavy or Light Loading Districts IV-31
(4) Conductors of Voltages Exceeding 17,000 Volts IV-31
(5) Sags and Tensions IV-31

IV-3
May 2018
 Rule Page

49.4-C Strength (continued)

(6) Splices IV-32
(7) Service Drops IV-32
(a) Supply IV-32
(b) Communication IV-32
(8) Communication Line Conductors IV-32
D. Replacements IV-32
E. Connections IV-32
49.5 Insulators IV-33
A. Line IV-33
B. Guy IV-33
C. Replacements IV-33
D. Post IV-33
49.6 Guys and Anchors IV-33
A. Material IV-33
B. Size IV-33
Table 9 IV-34
C. Strength IV-34
D. Replacements IV-34
49.7 Messenger and Span Wires IV-34
A. Material IV-34
B. Strength IV-35
C. Supports IV-35
D. Replacements IV-35
49.8 Hardware IV-35

IV-4
May 2018
 Section IV
Strength Requirements for All Classes of Lines
Rule 42

40 General

The following rules cover mechanical strength requirements for each class
of line (see Rule 20.6), either alone or involved in crossings, conflicts or
joint use of poles. The rules of this section are supplemented in many
instances by provisions in other sections.

41 Classification of Circuits and Grades of Construction

For the purpose of recognizing relative hazards, lines are segregated into
classes which are defined in Rule 20.6. These classes of lines and the
relation of lines to each other and to objects over which they are
constructed determine the grade of construction.

42 Grades of Construction

For all classes of lines, the relative order of grades is “A”, “B” and “C”,
grade “A” being the highest. Supply and communication lines, where not
involved in crossings, conflicts or on poles jointly used, shall be
constructed and maintained so as to conform with grades of construction
not less than as follows:

Class E supply circuit Grade B

Class H supply circuit Grade B
Class L supply circuit Grade C
Class C communication circuit Grade C

Supply and communication lines, where involved in crossings, conflicts or

on poles jointly used, shall be constructed and maintained so as to
conform with grades of construction not less than as specified in Table 3.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813 and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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May 2018
 Rule 42, Table 3

Table 3: Grades of Construction

Class of Circuit Other Facilities Involved at Grade of Construction

Involved at Upper Lower Level at Crossings, to Be Used at Upper
Level Conflicts or on Poles Jointly Used Level
E or H Class C Circuits “A”
E, H or L Major railways (steam, electric or
other motive power, at crossings “A”
only)
E, H or L Minor railways (at crossings
“B”
only)
E or H Under all conditions not required
to be Grade “A” “B”
C Class E or H Circuits “A”
C Major railways (at crossings
“B”
only)
L or C Under all conditions not required
“C”
to be Grade “A” or “B”
Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25 and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

42.1 Two or More Conditions

Where two or more conditions affecting the grade of construction

exist, the grade of construction used shall be the highest required
under any of the conditions.

42.2 Line Crossing Two or More Lines

Where a line crosses in one span over two or more other lines the
grade of construction shall be not less than would be required if
either of the lower lines crossed the other.

IV-6
May 2018
 Rule 43.1-B

42.3 Line Crossing Involved Lines

Where one line crosses over another line which in turn is involved in
a second crossing in the same span, the grade of construction for
the highest line shall be not less than that required for the next
lower line.

43 Temperature and Loading

The following conditions of temperature and loading shall be used for the
purposes of these rules in determining the strength required of Lines.
(See Rule 22.1). “Loading” or “loads” as used in this Section includes
vertical, transverse and longitudinal components of all loads. More
stringent conditions may be used in the design of lines. The use of less
stringent conditions or modified loading district limits may be authorized
by this Commission upon application and presentation of data from United
States weather records or other adequate and authenticated
meteorological data which in the Commission’s opinion justifies such
change.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

43.1 Heavy Loading

Heavy loading shall apply in all parts of the State of California
where the elevation exceeds 3000 feet above sea level (see
Appendix A for map indicating the approximate location of the
heavy loading district). This loading shall be taken as the resultant
stress due to wind, ice and dead weight under the following
conditions:
A. Wind

A horizontal wind pressure of 6 pounds per square foot of

projected area on cylindrical surfaces, and 10 pounds per
square foot on flat surfaces shall be assumed. Where latticed
structures are used, the actual exposed area of one lateral face
shall be increased by 50% to allow for pressure on the opposite
face, provided this computation does not indicate a greater
pressure than would occur on a solid structure of the same
outside dimensions, under which conditions the latter shall be
taken.
B. Ice

A radial thickness of one–half inches of ice, weighing 57

pounds per cubic foot, on all conductors shall be assumed in
computing vertical and wind loadings.

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May 2018
 Rule 43.1-C

C. Temperature

Conductor temperature shall be assumed to be 0°F at the

time of maximum loading. A conductor temperature of at
least 130°F shall also be assumed for computing sag and its
effect on structural loads due to weight span.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.
43.2 Light Loading

Light loading shall apply in all parts of the State of California where
the elevation above sea level is 3000 feet or less (see Appendix A
for map). This loading shall be taken as the resultant of wind
pressure and deadweight under the following conditions:

A. Wind

A horizontal wind pressure of 8 pounds per square foot of

projected area on cylindrical surfaces, and 13 pounds per
square foot on flat surfaces shall be assumed. Where latticed
structures are used, the actual exposed area of one lateral face
shall be increased by 50% to allow for pressure on the opposite
face, provided this computation does not indicate a greater
pressure than would occur on a solid structure of the same
outside dimensions, under which conditions the latter shall be
taken.

B. Ice

No ice loading is to be considered.

C. Temperature

Conductor temperature shall be assumed to be 25°F at the time

of maximum loading. A conductor temperature of at least 130°F
shall also be assumed for computing sag and its effect on
structural loads due to weight span.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

44 Safety Factors

The safety factors specified in these rules are the minimum allowable
ratios of material and/or line element strengths to the effect of design
loads as specified in Rule 43.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813, February 13, 1974 by Decision No. 82466 and
February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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May 2018
 Rule 44.1

44.1 Installation and Reconstruction

Lines and elements of lines, upon installation or reconstruction,
shall provide as a minimum the safety factors specified in Table 4.
The design shall consider all supply and communication facilities
planned to occupy the structure. For purposes of this rule, the term
“planned” applies to the facilities intended to occupy the structure
that are actually known to the constructing company at the time of
design.

The entity responsible for performing the loading calculation(s) for

an installation or reconstruction shall maintain records of these
calculations for the service life of the pole or other structure for
which the a loading calculation was made and shall provide such
information to authorized joint use occupants and the Commission
upon request.
Note: Revised January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032 and February 5, 2014 by Decision No.
14-02-015.

IV-9
May 2018
 Rule 44.1, Table 4

Table 4: Minimum Safety Factors

Grades of Construction
Line Element
Grade “A” Grade “B Grade “C”
Conductors, splices and conductor
2 2 2
fastenings (other than tie wires)
Pins 2 2 2
Pole line hardware 2 2 2
Line Insulators (mechanical) 3 2 2
Guy insulators (mechanical)
Interlocking 2 2 2
Noninterlocking glass fiber 3 2 (a) 2 (b)
Guys 2 2 2
Messengers and span wires 2 2 2
Foundations against uplift 1.5 1.5 1.5
Foundations against depression 3 2 2
Poles Towers and Structures
Wood 4 3 2
Metal (including elements of
1.5 (c) 1.25 (c) 1.25 (c)
foundations)
Reinforced concrete 4 3 3
Prestressed or post-
1.8 1.5 1.5
tensioned concrete
Other engineered materials 1.5 1.25 1.25
Crossarms
Wood 2 2 2
Metal 1.5(c) 1.25(c) 1.25(c)
Prestressed Concrete 1.8 1.5 1.5
Other engineered materials 1.5 1.25 1.25
(a) Insulators are to be replaced before safety factors have been reduced
(due to deterioration or changes in construction, arrangement, or other
conditions subsequent to installation) to less than 95 percent of the safety
factor specified in Rule 44.1.
(b) Insulators are to be replaced before safety factors have been reduced
(due to deterioration or changes in construction, arrangement, or other
conditions subsequent to installation) to less than 75 percent of the safety
factor specified in Rule 44.1.
(c) For aluminum members subject to tension caused by one or more
estimated loads and where the critical load combination for the tension
member would not endanger adjacent compression members, the factor
of safety on ultimate tension shall be 2 for Grade “A” construction and
1.67 for Grades “B” and “C” construction.
Note: Revised July 26, 1966 by Decision No. 71009; January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455; March 30, 1968 by
Decision No. 73813; February 13, 1974 by Decision No. 82466;January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10, January
13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030 and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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May 2018
 Rule 44.3

44.2 Additional Construction

Any entity planning the addition of facilities that materially

increases loads on a structure shall perform a loading calculation to
ensure that the addition of the facilities will not reduce the safety
factors below the values specified by Rule 44.3. Such loading
calculations shall be based on existing condition and proposed
configuration, information provided under Rule 44.4, conservative
values of relevant parameters, industry recognized values of
relevant parameters, or any combination thereof. For wood
structures more than 15 years old, the loading calculation shall
incorporate the results of intrusive inspections performed within the
previous five years. Such entity shall maintain these loading
calculations for the service life of the pole or other structure for
which a loading calculation was made and shall provide such
information to authorized joint use occupants and the Commission
upon request.

Note: For the purpose of Rule 44.2, a material increase in load is an addition which increases the load on a
structure by more than five percent per installation, or ten percent over a 12-month span, of the
electric utility’s or Communication Infrastructure Provider’s current load.

Note: Added August 20, 2009 by Decision No. 09-08-029. Revised January 12, 2012 by Decision No.
1201032 and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

44.3 Replacement

Lines or parts thereof shall be replaced or reinforced before safety

factors have been reduced (due to factors such as deterioration
and/or installation of additional facilities) in Grades “A” and “B”
construction to less than two-thirds of the safety factors specified
in Rule 44.1 and in Grade “C” construction to less than one-half of
the safety factors specified in Rule 44.1. Poles in Grade “C”
construction that only support communication lines shall also
conform to the requirements of Rule 81.3–A.. In no case shall the
application of this rule be held to permit the use of structures or
any member of any structure with a safety factor less than one.
Note: Allowed reductions specified in this rule are modified by Table 4, Footnotes.

Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030, January 12, 2012 by Decision No.
1201032 and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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 Rule 44.4

44.4 Cooperation

All entities with facilities on the subject pole shall cooperate with
the company performing the load calculations necessitated by the
provisions of Rule 44.1, 44.2 or 44.3, including, but not limited to,
promptly providing or making reasonably available, upon request
and to the extent it exists, the following:

A. The most recent intrusive pole test data;

B. Any information regarding its facilities necessary to

perform a pole loading calculation that is not readily
available to the company performing the pole loading
calculations through a field visit; and

C. A table of standard input values used by the

Responding Company in pole loading calculations
(e.g., standard conductor or cable sizes, tension
values, and equipment sizes and weights).

In the event a pole attachment application or a joint pole

application submitted to a pole owner is rejected, the pole owner
shall provide the applicant with the reason(s) for the rejection with
the returned application. In the event a pole attachment
application or a joint pole application is rejected by a pole owner
because it has failed to meet the pole loading limitations
established by the pole owner (consistent with General Order 95 or
any subsequent regulation), the pole owner should also provide the
applicant with sufficient information to determine how the pole
loading limitations were exceeded with the returned application.

Note: “Promptly” means as soon as practicable but, absent exigent circumstances or mutual agreement, no more
than fifteen (15) business days from the date of the request. (Exigent circumstances include requests for
intrusive data or other necessary information on transmission poles, or requests for information on a large
number of poles in a limited time period.)

Note: Added January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032.

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 Rule 46

45 Transverse Strength Requirements

In computing the transverse strength requirements of Lines (See Rule

22.1) under the conditions specified in Rule 43, safety factors at least
equal to those of Rule 44 shall be used. In heavy loading areas, for
supporting structures carrying more than 10 wires (not including cables
and supporting messengers) where the pin spacing does not exceed 15
inches, the transverse wind load shall be calculated on two–thirds of the
total number of such wires with a minimum of ten. Where there is a
change in direction of conductors and messengers, an additional
transverse load shall be the resultant of all tensions under the assumed
loading conditions.

Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

45.1 Special Provisions

Where it is impossible to obtain the required transverse strength

except by the use of side guys or special structures and it is
physically impossible to install them at the location of the
transversely weak support, the strength may be supplied by side
guying the support at each side of, and as near as practicable to,
such weak support with a distance not in excess of 800 feet
between the supports so guyed; provided that the section of line
between the transversely strong structures is weak in regard to
transverse loads only, that is in a straight line and that the strength
of the side guyed supports is calculated on the transverse loading
of the entire section of line between them.

Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

46 Vertical Strength Requirements

In computing vertical strength requirements, the loads upon Lines (See

Rule 22.1) shall be their own weight plus the vertical loads which they
support under the conditions of Rule 43, together with the effect of any
difference in elevation of supports.

On structures with crossarms or guard arms, the vertical loads on the

structure shall include a load of 300 lbs. at one end of one of the arms.

Safety factors shall apply as specified in Rule 44.

Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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 Rule 47

47 Longitudinal Strength Requirements

In computing the longitudinal strength requirements of Lines (See Rule

22.1), the longitudinal load shall be considered as that due to the
maximum working tension under the conditions specified in Rule 43.
Safety factors shall apply as specified in Rule 44.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

47.1 Use of Guys and Braces

The longitudinal strength requirements for poles, towers and other

supporting structures shall be met either by the structure alone or
with the aid of guys and/or braces. Deflection shall be limited by
guys and/or braces where such structures alone, although
providing the strength and safety factors required, would deflect
sufficiently under the prescribed loadings to reduce clearances
below the required values.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

47.2 Change in Grade of Construction

Where sections of higher grade construction are located in lines of

lower grade construction the longitudinal load on each end support
of such sections at the level involved shall be taken as an
unbalanced load in the direction of the higher grade section equal
to the total pull of all conductors in that direction. For spans not
exceeding 500 feet in length, where the pull in the direction of the
higher grade section exceeds 30,000 lbs., the loading requirements
may be modified to consider 30,000 lbs. plus one–fourth the excess
above 30,000 lbs., to a maximum of 50,000 lbs. The construction
of the end supports (including poles, structures, towers, crossarms,
pins, insulators, conductor fastenings and guys) of such sections
shall be such as to withstand at all times the load specified with a
safety factor at least equal to unity.
In lieu of meeting the requirements of this rule on single poles or
structures at ends of higher grade sections, the longitudinal load
may be distributed over two poles or structures provided that the
two poles or structures are suitably side guyed or are in a straight
line with the direction of the longitudinal load of the higher grade
section and that the two poles or structures comply with the
requirements for the higher grade as to transverse strength and
conductors between the two poles comply with the requirements
for the higher grade.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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 Rule 48.1

47.3 End Supports in Grades “A” or “B” Construction

In Grades “A” or “B” construction the longitudinal load on each end

support of crossings, conflicts or joint use, where located in lines of
the same grade of construction, shall be taken as the unbalanced
load equal to the tension of one–third of the total number of
conductors (not including overhead ground wires), such one–third
of the conductors being so selected as to produce the maximum
stress in the supports. If the application of the above results in the
fractional part of a conductor, the nearest whole number of
conductors shall be used. The construction of the supports
(including poles, structures, towers, crossarms, pins, insulators,
conductor fastenings and guys) shall be such as to withstand at all
times the load specified with a safety factor at least equal to unity.
Excluded from the requirements of this rule, where Grade “B”
construction is required, are Class L lines crossing minor railways
and conductor fastenings of Class C circuits crossing major
railways.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

48 Strength of Materials

Structural members and their connection shall be designed and

constructed so that the structures and parts thereof will not fail or be
seriously distorted at any load less than their maximum working loads
(developed under the current construction arrangements with loadings as
specified in Rule 43) multiplied by the safety factors in Rule 44.
Values used for the strength of material shall comply with the safety
factors specified in Rule 44.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

48.1 Wood
A. Natural Wood (Non Laminate)
(1) Poles
The required strength for natural wood poles of
various species meeting the requirements of ANSI
O5.1 2008 shall be derived in conjunction with the
safety factors in Rule 44 and the designated fiber
strength specified in ANSI 05.1 2008. Table 5 lists
some of the values of fiber strength specified in ANSI
05.1 2008.

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 Rule 48.1-A(2)

(2) Sawn Wood Structural Members

The required strength for sawn wood structural

members, such as crossarms and braces, meeting the
requirements of ANSI O5.3 2008 shall be derived in
conjunction with the safety factors in Rule 44 and the
designated fiber strength specified in ANSI O5.3
2008.

Multiply the given allowable stress values by 0.55 for

sawn wood where the loading being considered is a
long-time loading (i.e., continuous load for one year
or more).

B. Laminated Wood

The required strength for laminated wood poles and other

structural members, such as crossarms, meeting the
requirements of ANSI O5.2 2006 shall be derived in
conjunction with the safety factors in Rule 44 and the
designated strength specified in ANSI O5.2 2006.

Table 5
Sample Wood Strengths
Specified in ANSI 05.1-2008
Species Designated Fiber Strength
Cedar, western red 6,000 lbs per square inch
Douglas fir 8,000 lbs per square inch
Fir, white or red, local 6,600 lbs per square inch
Pine, southern 8,000 lbs per square inch

Note: Revised April 26, 1965 by Decision No. 68835; March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076, October 9, 1996 by
Resolution SU–40 and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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 Rule 48.2

48.2 Steel

The required strength of steel structures and components shall be

designed using ASCE 10 97 for latticed steel structures and ASCE
48 11 for tubular steel pole structures, as applicable.

Allowable stresses for steel members and their connections shall be

derived in conjunction with the safety factors in Rule 44 and the
permitted stresses specified in the applicable standard.

Steel members not covered by either of these standards shall be

designed using allowable stresses as defined below:

Tension: The maximum allowable tensile stress shall be

calculated using the following formula:

Ft =
1
(Fy )
SF

Compression: The maximum allowable compressive stress shall

be calculated using the following formula:

1   Fy − 12,000  l 
Fa =  Fy −   
SF   200 r

Shear: The maximum allowable shear stress shall be calculated

using the following formula:

0.66(Ft )
1
Fv =
SF

Bending: The maximum allowable bending stress for a compact

section shall be calculated using the following equation:

Fb =
1
(Fy )
SF

The maximum allowable bending stress for a non-compact

section shall be determined according to the provisions of
Chapter E of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable
Stress Design, 9th Edition.

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 Rule 48.2

Combined Stresses: The strength of members subjected to

combined stresses shall be determined according to the
provisions of Chapter H of the AISC Manual of Steel
Construction, Allowable Stress Design, 9th Edition.

Where,

Fa = maximum allowable axial stress, psi

Fb = maximum allowable bending stress, psi

Ft = maximum allowable tensile stress, psi

Fv = maximum allowable shear stress, psi

Fy = specified minimum yield stress, psi

Fu = specified minimum tensile stress, psi

SF = safety factor as specified in Rule 44

l = unsupported length of member, inches

r = radius of gyration of member, inches

The values used for specified minimum yield stress, Fy, and
specified minimum tensile stress, Fu, shall be the values as
listed in the appropriate ASTM specification. If the material
specification for the steel is unknown and cannot be
determined, the values for Fy and Fu and shall be assumed to
be 33,000 psi and 60,000 psi, respectively. The modulus of
elasticity, E, is defined to be 29,000 ksi.
Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813, January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030 and February 5,
2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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 Rule 48.3

48.3 Concrete

A. Reinforced Concrete

Values used for ultimate strengths of reinforced concrete, in

conjunction with safety factors given in Rule 44, shall not
exceed the following:

Reinforcing steel, tensile or compressive strength, pounds

per square inch: 55,000
Concrete, 1:2:4 mixture Age Compressive Strength
7 days 900 lbs per sq. in.
30 days 2,400 lbs per sq. in.
90 days 3,100 lbs per sq. in.
6 months 4,400 lbs per sq. in.

If reinforced concrete is designed for higher strength values

which are proven by test, such values may be used in lieu of the
figures given.

B. Prestressed Concrete

The minimum strength of the materials used in prestressed

concrete structures used in conjunction with the safety factors
given in Table 4 shall be as follows:
Reinforcing Steel - yield strength…40,000 lbs per sq. in.
Prestressing Steel – yield strength…188,000 lbs per sq. in.
Concrete - compressive strength at 28 days…4,000 lbs per
sq. in.
Other strength values may be used provided the strength
values used for design are proven by tests.

Note: Rule 48.3–B added on February 13, 1974 by Decision No. 82466.

48.4 Fiber-Reinforced Polymer

The required strength of overhead line structures and

subcomponents made with fiber-reinforced polymer shall be
derived in conjunction with the safety factors in Rule 44 and other
permitted stresses specified in the applicable standard. This
requirement applies to tension and bending, compression and
bending, and shear.

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 Rule 48.4

The compressive strength of the material shall be determined

by suitable formula for the material or structure, considering the
strength of the material, modulus of elasticity, geometry,
slenderness ratio and eccentricity of connection.
Note: The strength may be determined per Section 2.6.2 of ASCE 111-2006.

Note: Added February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

48.5 Other Engineered Materials

The required strength of overhead line structures and

subcomponents made with other engineered materials shall be
derived in conjunction with the safety factors in Rule 44. This
requirement applies to tension, compression, and shear.

Tension: If the material has a published yield strength value, that

value shall be used in lieu of the tensile strength value.

Compression: The compressive strength shall be determined by

suitable formula for the material used and member geometry,
considering yield and /or tensile strength of the material, modulus
of elasticity, slenderness ratio and eccentricity of connection. In no
case shall the compressive stress be greater than the yield strength
of the material.

Note: The strength may be determined per Section 2.6.2 of ASCE 111-2006.

Note: Added February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 14-02-015.

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 Rule 49.1-A2

48.6 Conductors, Span Wires, Guys and Messengers

Values used for ultimate strengths of wires and cable shall not
exceed those given in Appendix B. The ultimate strengths given in
Table 17 to 24 of Appendix B, except for medium–hard drawn
copper, are based on the minimum ultimate strengths given in the
standard specifications of the American Society for Testing Material.
The ultimate strengths given in Appendix B for medium–hard
drawn copper are based on the standard specifications of the ASTM
and provide an allowance above the minimum values of one–
quarter of the range between minimum and maximum values. For
use of types of wires and cables of other material not included in
Appendix B, values for ultimate strengths similarly derived from
specifications of the ASTM shall be used except that, if such
specifications are nonexistent, maker’s specifications may be used
provided that tests have been made which shall justify the maker’s
rating for ultimate strength.

48.7 Tower or Pole Foundations and Footings

The resistance of soil to foundation or footing bearing and uplift

shall be calculated from the best available data or determined by
test(s).

Foundation or footing resistance shall be designed with the safety

factors applied as specified in Rule 44.

49 Detailed Strength Requirements

49.1 Poles, Towers and Other Structures

A. Strength (See Rule 48)

(1) Wood poles shall be of sound timber.

(2) In cases where lateral loads on a pole or structure require

the use of a guy(s), the pole or structure below the point
of the guy attachment shall be considered merely a strut,
the guy(s) taking all lateral loads. In such cases, the pole
strength requirement shall apply at the point of guy
attachment rather than at the ground line.

Note: Revised July 26, 1966 by Decision No. 71009; March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813; February 13, 1974 by
Decision No. 82466, January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10, January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030, and
February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

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 Rule 49.1-B

B. Dimensions

The minimum top circumference of wood poles shall be not less

than the following:

Inches
Grade “A” Heavy loading district 22
Grade “A” Light loading district 19
Grade “B” * Heavy and light loading districts 19
Grade “C” Heavy and light loading, urban districts 19
Grade “C” Circuits of 750-7,500 Volts, heavy loading, rural
districts 19
Grade “C” Supply circuits of 0-750 Volts and communication
circuits, heavy loading rural districts 16
Grade “C” Light loading, rural districts Grade “F” Cable or
more than 4 single wires or 8 conductors duplexed or paired,
heavy loading districts 16

* Supply Poles in Grade “B” construction in rural, light loading districts may have a
top circumference not less than 16 inches.

* Communication Poles in Grade “B” construction at crossings over major railroads

may have a top circumferences not less than 16 inches provided such poles meet
the specifications of ANSI O5.1-2008.

Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

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 Rule 49.1-C, Table 6

C. Setting of Poles

The depths of pole setting given in Table 6 are applicable to

poles set in firm soil or in solid rock.

Where the resultant bearing surface is not sufficient to prevent

overturning or excessive movement of the pole at the ground
line, and/or the soil is not firm, deeper settings or other special
methods shall be used.

Where poles were set in firm soil, but the soil has since been
excavated or subjected to erosion, the minimum embedment
shall be no less than 90% of the values specified in Table 6.

Note: Revised July 26, 1966 by Decision No. 71009, February 13, 1974 by Decision No. 82466, January 19, 1994 by
Resolution SU–25, October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40, January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030, and
February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

Table 6: Minimum Pole Setting Depths

Total Length of Pole
Depth in Soil (feet) Depth in Rock (feet)
(feet)
20 4 3
25 4 1/2 3
30 5 3
35 5 3 1/2
40 5 1/2 3 1/2
45 6 4
50 6 1/2 4
55 7 4 1/2
60 7 4 1/2
65 7 1/2 5
70 7 1/2 5
75 8 5 1/2
80 8 6

Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

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 Rule 49.1-D

D. Gains

Gains or equivalent means shall be provided for increasing

surface contact of crossarms with round wood poles. Where
gains are cut, the depth shall be not less than one–half inch or
more than one inch. “Slab” gains, metal gains, pole bands, or
assemblies of wood or metal supports that provide suitable
surface contact and adequate strength are permitted.

E. Replacements (See Rule 44.3)

49.2 Crossarms

A. Material (see Rule 48)

Metal crossarms shall be protected by a corrosion resistant

treatment or composed of material which is corrosion resistant.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

B. Minimum Size

The physical properties as a result of dimensions, shape and

cross–sectional area of crossarms shall be such as to result in
sufficient strength to meet the requirements of these Rules.

Note: Part (3) added February 13, 1974 by Decision No. 82466; Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 49.2-C2

C. Strength

Crossarms shall be securely supported by bracing, where

necessary, to withstand unbalanced vertical loads and to
prevent tipping of any arm sufficiently to decrease clearances
below the values specified in Section III. Such bracing shall be
securely attached to poles and crossarms. Supports in lieu of
crossarms shall have means of resisting rotation in a vertical
plane about their attachment to poles or shall be supported by
braces as required for crossarms. Metal braces or attachments
shall meet the requirements of Rules 48.2 and 49.8.
In addition to the above, a vertical load of 300 lbs. at the outer
pin position shall be included in computing the vertical loads on
all crossarms.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

(1) Longitudinal Loads Normally Balanced:

(a) Supply Lines: Where longitudinal loads are normally
balanced, crossarms supporting supply conductors
shall have sufficient strength to withstand a load,
applied in the direction of the conductors at the outer
pin position, of 700 pounds with a safety factor of not
less than unity.
(b) Communication Lines, Class C: Where longitudinal
loads are normally balanced, crossarms supporting
Class C conductors shall have sufficient strength to
withstand a load, applied in the direction of the
conductors at the outer pin position, of 400 pounds
with a safety factor of not less than unity.

(2) Longitudinal Loads Normally Unbalanced: Crossarms

subjected to unbalanced longitudinal loads shall have
sufficient strength to meet the strength requirements with
safety factors at least equal to those specified in Rule 44.
At unbalanced corners and dead ends in Grades “A”, “B”
or “C” construction, where conductor tension is held by
cantilever strength of pin–type insulators and pins, double
crossarms shall be used to permit conductor fastenings at
two insulators to prevent slipping. In lieu of double
crossarms and double insulators, single crossarms may be
used with single insulators and steel pins and
prefabricated conductor ties.

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 Rule 49.2-C2

For conductor tensions up to 2,000 pounds per conductor,

double wood crossarms fitted with spacing devices at each
end will be considered as meeting the strength
requirements of Rules 47.2 and 47.3.
Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

D. Replacements (See Rule 44.3)

E. Guard Arm
Guard arms shall: (i) be made of wood or other suitable
material; (ii) be at least 48 inches in length; and (iii) meet the
insulating efficiency of Rule 22.8. Each guard arm, including
support elements, shall withstand a vertical load of 300 lbs. at
either end.
Note: Added January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030, and revised and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

49.3 Pins and Conductor Fastenings

A. Material
(1) Pins: Insulator pins shall be of galvanized steel,
galvanized iron or other corrosion–resisting metal or of
locust or other suitable wood.
(2) Fastenings: Conductor fastenings shall be of galvanized
steel, galvanized iron or other corrosion–resisting metal.

B. Size
(1) Wood Pins: The minimum diameter of the shank shall
not be less than 1–1/4 inches.
(2) Metal Pins: The minimum diameter of the shank shall
not be less than 1/2 inch.
(3) Fastenings and Tie Wires: Fastenings and tie wires
shall have no sharp edges at points of contact with
conductors, and shall be applied in such a manner as not
to damage the conductor. Materials and minimum sizes of
tie wires for various sizes and types of conductors shall be
as shown in Table 7. Flat tie wire having a cross–sectional
area not less than that of round wire of the gauge
specified for tie wires may be used.

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 Rule 49.3, Table 7

Table 7: Size and Material of Tie Wires

Line Conductor Tie Wire
Material Size Size Material
Copper, bronze, 6 AWG & Same as line
copper covered smaller conductor Soft copper or
steel or 4 AWG 6 AWG annealed copper–
composites of covered steel
2 AWG & larger 4 AWG
any of them
10 BWG & Same as line
Galvanized iron smaller conductor
Soft galvanized iron
or galvanized 9 BWG 10 BWG
or galvanized steel
steel 8 BWG 9 BWG
4 & 6 BWG 8 BWG
Same as line Soft aluminum or
4 AWG & conductor aluminum alloy
smaller Strong alloy
or 6 AWG
Aluminum or aluminum*
ACSR Soft aluminum or
4 AWG
aluminum alloy
2 AWG & larger
Strong alloy
or 6 AWG
aluminum*
* Minimum tensile strength of 350 pounds

Note: Revised July 22, 1968 by Decision No. 74342.

C. Strength

Insulator pins and conductor fastenings shall be able to

withstand the loads to which they may be subjected with safety
factors at least equal to those specified in Rule 44.
Note: A 1–1/2 inch by 9 inch locust pin will usually provide cantilever strength up to 1,000 pounds tension in the
conductor with the conductor 3–1/2 inches above the crossarm and a safety factor of unity.

(1) Longitudinal Loads Normally Balanced:

(a) Insulator Pins: Where longitudinal loads are

normally balanced, insulator pins which support
conductors shall have sufficient strength to withstand,
with a safety factor of not less than unity, a load at
the conductor position as follows:

Pins supporting supply conductors 700 pounds

Pins supporting Class C conductors 400 pounds

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 Rule 49.3-C1b

(b) Conductor Fastenings: Where longitudinal loads

are normally balanced, tie wires or other conductor
fastenings shall be installed in such a manner that
they will securely hold the line conductor to the
supporting insulators and will withstand without
slipping of the conductor unbalanced pulls as follows:
Supply conductor fastening 40% of the
maximum working
tensions but not
more than 500
pounds.
Class C conductor fastenings 15% of the
maximum working
tensions but not
more than 300
pounds.
Tie wires are not required on Class C conductors
at point– type transpositions in Grade F
construction.

(2) Longitudinal Loads Normally Unbalanced: At

unbalanced corners and dead ends in Grades “A”, “B” or
“C” construction, where conductor tension is held by
cantilever strength of pin–type insulators and pins, double
insulators and wood pins or single insulators and steel
pins shall be used. Each line conductor shall be tied or
fastened to both insulators, or the single insulator, to
prevent slipping of the conductor under maximum working
tension with a safety factor of 2 for the temperature and
loading conditions specified in Rule 43.
At changes in grade of construction and at end supports in
Grades “A” or “B” construction where the conductors are
not dead–ended and are supported on pin–type insulators,
double insulators and pins with tie wires, or equivalent
fastenings, will be considered as meeting the strength
requirements of Rules 47.2 and 47.3 for conductor
tensions up to 2,000 pounds per conductor.
Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076, and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

D. Replacements (See Rule 44.3)

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 Rule 49.4

49.4 Conductors

A. Material

Conductors shall be of copper, copper–covered steel, bronze,

stranded cable composites of any of the foregoing, aluminum,
aluminum cable steel reinforced, galvanized iron, galvanized
steel or of other corrosion–resisting metal not subject to rapid
deterioration, except that in common neutral systems the
provisions of Rule 59.3–A shall also apply.

B. Size

The minimum sizes of conductors which shall be used in spans

of 150 feet or less under the several classes of construction and
loadings in both urban and rural districts are specified in Table
8. Larger conductors than those specified in the table will often
be necessary to maintain reasonable sag and at the same time
provide the required safety factors of Rule 44, ground
clearances of Table 1, and wire clearances of Table 2.

Conductors of the sizes specified in Table 8 may be used in

spans longer than 150 feet, except when specifically prevented
by Rule 49.4–C, provided the sags and conductor positions are
so adjusted that the allowable working tensions and clearances
of this Order are not violated.

The common neutral conductor in common neutral systems

shall conform to the requirements of Rule 59.3–B in addition to
the above requirements.

Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

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 Rule 49.4, Table 8

Table 8: Minimum Conductor Sizes (150–Foot Spans or Less)

Material or Type of Conductor
Hard–
Copper
Loading Conditions and Soft or Drawn or Aluminum Galvanized
Covered
Medium Stranded Conductor Iron or
Grade of Construction Annealed Hard– Aluminum Steel
Steel,
Galvanized
Copper Bronze or
Drawn Reinforced Steel
Composites
Copper
AWG AWG AWG AWG AWG
Heavy Loading
1/4 inch
Grade “A” 4 6 1 4 6 Diamete
r Strand
Grade “B” (a) (h) 4 6 1 6 8 9 BWG
Grade “C” (h) 4 6 1 6 8 9 BWG
Light Loading
1/4 inch
Diamete
Grade “A” 4 6 1 4 8
r Strand
(b)
Grade “B” (a) (c) (h) 6 6 1 6 8 9 BWG
Grade “C” (c) (h) 6 8 1 6 10 9 BWG
Heavy and Light Loading
Supply Service Drops
8 10 - - 12 -
Crossing Trolley Wires
Other Supply Service
10 10 - - 12 -
Drops
Grade “F”, Single
- (e) - - (e) 14 BWG
Conductors (d)
Grade “F”, Paired
- 14 (f) - - 17 (g) -
Conductors (d)
(a) Communication conductors crossing over major railroads may be smaller but shall be not
less than as specified in Rule 113.4.
(b) Three–sixteenth–inch strand may be used upon special permission of this Commission.
(c) May be smaller but shall provide tensile strength not less than #8 AWG soft copper, if
less than 750 Volts, as per Rule 49.4–C2.
(d) Communication service drops over supply lines shall conform to Rules 32.2–F and 32.2–
G.
(e) #12 AWG or #14 NBS.
(f) Paired wire may be smaller per Rule 49.4–C7b.
(g) High strength paired wire may be smaller per Rules 49.4–C7b and 49.4–C8.
(h) May be reduced per Rule 49.4–C3.

Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

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 Rule 49.4-C

C. Strength
(1) Heavy Loading Districts: Conductors in Grade “A”
construction and in spans exceeding 150 feet shall have a
tensile strength not less than that of #4 AWG medium–hard–
drawn copper, and said conductors shall preferably be
stranded.
(2) Light Loading Districts: The following requirements apply
for various grades of construction and span lengths.
Conductors in Grade “A” construction in spans exceeding 150
feet and not exceeding 300 feet in length shall have a tensile
strength not less than that of #6 AWG medium–hard–drawn
copper.
Supply conductors of less than 750 volts in Grade “B” or “C”
construction in spans not exceeding 150 feet in length shall
have a tensile strength not less than that of #8 AWG soft–
drawn copper.
(3) Heavy or Light Loading Districts: Where signal or
communication lines take Grade “B” or “C” classification
other than at railroad crossings, a minimum size of #8 AWG
medium–hard–drawn copper or its equivalent in tensile
strength may be used.
(4) Conductors of Voltages Exceeding 17,000 Volts:
Conductors of voltages exceeding 17,000 volts crossing
conductors of less than 17,000 volts, or crossing a public
highway shall have a strength at least equal to #4 AWG
stranded medium–hard–drawn copper. In lieu of this, the
conductors carrying more than 17,000 volts shall, at the
point of crossing, be supported on poles of such height and
so placed that under no circumstances can the conductor of
over 17,000 volts, in case of breakage of same or otherwise,
come in contact with any conductor carrying less than
17,000 volts, or fall within a distance of 10 feet from the
surface of any public highway.
(5) Sags and Tensions: Sags shall be such that under the
loading conditions specified in Rule 43 the tension in the
cable or conductor shall not be more than one–half of its
breaking strength. There are no strength requirements for
the cable or conductor when supported by a messenger. See
Rule 49.7-B for the strength requirements for messengers
supporting cables or conductors.
Where the minimum size pins are used, the conductor
tensions shall be limited to 2,000 pounds when applying the.

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 Rule 49.4-E

double arm, pin and conductor fastening provisions of

Rules 49.2 and 49.3. Where the minimum size pins are
used, the conductor tensions shall be limited to 2,000
pounds when applying the double arm, pin and conductor
fastening provisions of Rules 49.2 and 49.3.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

(6) Splices: Splices in line conductors shall be in accordance

with the requirements of Table 4, except as provided in
Rules 103.1–A and 113.1–A.
(7) Service Drops:
(a) Supply: The minimum sizes shall apply only where
the span does not exceed 150 feet. The minimum for
supply lines of like voltage and grade shall apply
when the service drop is in excess of 150 feet. Supply
service drops of 0-750 volts shall, in all cases, have a
weather–resistant covering equivalent to standard
double braid weatherproofing except for multiple
conductor service drop cable with a bare neutral
conductor provided that the attachment of such cable
at the pole and building ends shall be by means of an
insulator.
Note: Revised May 29, 1951 by Resolution No. E–756 and September 18, 1968 by Decision Number 72984.

(b) Communication: Communication service drops of

#16 AWG paired copper wire may be used, provided
they do not cross over supply lines, trolley contact or
feeder conductors, or railways.
Paired wire communication service drops of #18 AWG
high strength bronze or high strength copper–covered
steel may be used provided the breaking strength of
the pair is not less than 340 pounds.
(8) Communication Line Conductors: Paired wire of #18
AWG high strength bronze or high strength copper–
covered steel may be used as communication line
conductors provided the breaking strength of the pair is
not less than 340 pounds.
D. Replacements (See Rule 44.3)
E. Connections
All electrical connections shall be of suitable electrical and
mechanical design.

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 Rule 49.5

49.5 Insulators

A. Line

Insulators, supports, clamps and other miscellaneous

attachments shall be designed to withstand, with at least the
safety factors specified in Rule 44, the mechanical stress to
which they are subjected by conductors, wires or structures,
under the loading conditions as specified in Rule 43. Pin
insulators shall effectively engage the thread of the pin for at
least two and one–half turns.

B. Guy

Guy insulators, including insulators in messengers, shall have

mechanical strength at least equal to that required of the guys
in which they are installed.

C. Replacements (See Rule 44.3)

D. Post

Post insulator units including insulator supports, clamps, and

other miscellaneous attachments shall have a cantilever
strength determined in accordance with paragraph 5.1.3 of the
American Standard Insulator Tests, Publication No. C29.1–1961,
or the latest revision thereof, equal to or greater than the
product of the safety factors specified in Rule 44 and the
mechanical stress to which they are subjected by conductors,
wires, or structures under the loading conditions as specified in
Rule 43.
Note: Added January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.

49.6 Guys and Anchors

A Material
The exposed surface of all guys and guy rods shall be of
corrosion–resisting material.

B. Size

The size and ultimate strength of guys crossing in spans over

Class H, L, T or C circuits shall be not less than as specified in
Table 9 and shall also be such as to provide safety factors not
less than those specified in Rule 44 for the loads imposed by
the construction involved under the loading conditions specified
in Rule 43.

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May 2018
 Rule 49.7-A

Table 9: Minimum Size and Strength of Guys Crossing over Class E, H, L, T or C

Circuits
Minimum Size
Material of Strand Anchor Guys Overhead
Guys
Galvanized Steel:
Common or Siemens–Martin 5/16 in. 1/4 in.
Diameter Diameter
High Strength or Extra–High Strength 1/4 in. 3/16 in.
Diameter Diameter
Copper–Covered Steel 3 No.9 AWG 3 No. 10 AWG
Aluminum–Covered Steel 3 No.9 AWG 3 No. 10 AWG
Bronze 1/4 in. 3 No.10 AWG
Diameter
Minimum Allowable Ultimate Strength of Guys 3,200 Pounds 1,900 Pounds

Note: Table 9 revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

C. Strength

Where guys are used with poles or similar structures, capable of

considerable deflection before failure, they shall be able to
support the entire load, the pole below the point of guy
attachments acting merely as a strut. Stranded wires shall be
used when the ultimate strength of the guy exceeds 1,800
pounds. Anchor rods and their appurtenances shall meet the
same strength requirements as the guy wire or strand (See Rule
44).

D. Replacements (See Rule 44.3)

49.7 Messengers and Span Wires

A. Material

Messengers and span wires shall be stranded and of galvanized

steel, copper–covered steel or other corrosion–resisting material
not subject to rapid deterioration.

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May 2018
 Rule 49.7-B

B. Strength

Messengers and span wires shall be capable of withstanding,

with safety factors as specified Rule 44, the tension developed
because of the load they support combined with the loading
conditions specified in Rule 43. An allowance of 300 lbs. of
vertical load for a worker and cable chair shall be made in
computing tensions in messengers and span wires which
support cables except in the case of short spans which are not
required to support workers or where the ice loading specified
in Rule 43.1-B would exceed the allowance for the worker and
cable chair.

Guys supporting messenger loads shall comply with the safety

factors specified in Rule 44.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

C. Supports

Messengers supporting cables shall be attached to poles or

crossarms with hardware that complies with the safety factors
specified in Rule 44, based on the weight of the messenger
wire, cable, line-mounted equipment plus an allowance of 300
lbs. for a worker and cable chair. If in heavy loading areas the
specified ice load exceeds in weight the 300 lbs. allowance,
such ice load shall be used in making the calculations in
preference to the weight of the worker and cable chair.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

D. Replacements (See Rule 44.3)

49.8 Hardware

All pole line hardware shall be galvanized, otherwise protected by a

corrosion–resistant treatment, or shall be composed of material
which is corrosion resistant.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

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 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

IV-36
May 2018
 Section V
Detailed Construction Requirements for Supply Lines
(Class H, L and T Circuits)

Rule Page

50. General V-17

51. Poles, Towers and Structures V-17
51.1 Definition V-17
51.2 Maintenance and Inspection V-17
51.3 Material and Strength V-17
51.4 Clearances V-17
A. From Railroad Tracks V-17
51.5 Dimensions and Settings V-17
51.6 Marking and Guarding V-17
A. High Voltage Marking of Poles V-17
B. Guarding V-19
51.7 Stepping V-20
52. Crossarms V-21
52.1 Definition V-21
52.2 Maintenance and Inspection V-21
52.3 Material and Strength V-21
52.4 High Voltage Marking V-21
52.5 Metal Crossarms and Brackets V-21
52.6 Clearance Arms V-21
52.7 Hardware V-21
A. Protection against Corrosion V-21
B. Metal Braces V-21
(1) For Wood Crossarms V-21
(2) For Metal Crossarms V-22
C. Separation from Bond Wires and Ground Wires V-22
D. Separation from Metal Pins and Deadend Hardware V-22

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Rule Page

52.7 Hardware (continued)

E. Metal Back Braces V-22
F. Grounded V-22
53. Pins, Deadends, Conductor Suspensions and Fastenings V-23
53.1 Maintenance and Inspection V-23
53.2 Material and Strength V-23
53.3 Pin, Deadend and Suspension Spacing V-23
53.4 Bonding V-23
A. Circuits of More than 7,500 Volts V-23
(1) At Top of Pole V-23
(a) Single Circuit V-23
(b) More than One Circuit V-23
(2) Below Top of Pole V-24
(3) Conductors of More than One Circuit at Same Level V-24
(a) Separately Bonded Circuits V-24
(b) Hardware Bond Wires V-24
B. Circuits of 7,500 Volts or Less V-24
54. Conductors V-25
54.1 Definition V-25
54.2 Maintenance and Inspection V-25
54.3 Material and Strength V-25
54.4 Clearances V-25
A. Above Ground V-25
(1) Across Arid or Mountainous Areas V-25
(2) Lead Wires for Transformers V-25
(3) Over Swimming Pools V-25
(a) Line Conductors V-26
(b) Service Drops 0 - 750 Volts V-26
(c) Ungrounded Portions of Guys V-28
(d) Grounded Portions of Guys V-28

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Rule Page

54.4 Clearances (continued)

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines V-29
(1) Which Transport Freight Cars V-29
(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley V-29
C. Between Conductors V-29
(1) On Different Crossarms on the Same Pole V-29
(a) Conductors of 750 - 7,500 Volts V-30
(b) Conductors of 7,500 - 20,000 Volts V-30
(c) Triangular and Vertical Configuration on Different
Crossarms on the Same Pole V-31
(2) On Related Line and Buck Arms V-31
(a) One Voltage Classification V-31
(b) Combination Arms V-32
(3) On the Same Crossarms V-32
(a) Different Voltage Classifications V-32
(b) On Brackets Attached to Crossarms V-33
(c) Same Phase or Polarity V-33
(4) Deadended on Pole in Vertical Configuration V-33
(a) Conductors of 750 Volts or Less V-33
(b) Conductors of More than 750 Volts Supported
on Climbable Poles V-33
(c) Conductors of More than 750 Volts Supported on
Nonclimbable Poles V-34
(5) Rack Construction V-36
(6) From Lead Wires and Drip Loops to Other Conductors V-36
(7) Vertically at Crossings in Spans V-36
D. From Poles V-37
(1) Center Line Clearance at Angles in Lines V-37
(2) Center Line Clearances for 750 Volts and above V-37
(3) Conductors Passing and Unattached V-38
(4) Longitudinal Cables and Messengers V-38
(5) Rack Construction for 0 - 750 Volts V-38

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Rule Page

54.4-D Clearances - From Poles (continued)

(6) Deadended on Pole V-39
(a) 0 - 750 Volts V-39
(b) More than 750 Volts Supported on Climbable Poles V-39
(c) More than 750 Volts Supported on Nonclimbable
Poles V-39
(7) This Space Intentionally Left Blank V-39
(8) At Top of Pole V-40
(9) Lateral and Vertical Conductors V-40
E. From Crossarms V-40
F. From Guys and Messengers V-41
G. From Grounded Metal Boxes, Hardware and Equipment V-41
H. Above, Alongside or in Immediate Proximity to Buildings,
Bridges and Other Structures V-44
(1) Unattached Conductors V-44
(2) Attached Conductors V-44
I. Below, Alongside, through, or in Immediate Proximity to
Bridges, Viaducts or Similar Structures V-45
54.5 Sags V-45
54.6 Vertical and Lateral Conductors V-47
A. Unprotected Conductors V-47
B. Ground Wires V-48
C. Lateral Conductors V-48
(1) Lateral Runs V-48
(2) Conductors of 0 - 750 Volts V-49
(3) Conductors of More than 750 Volts V-49
(4) Extent of Run V-49
(5) Option V-49
D. Vertical Runs V-49
(1) Vertical Runs V-49

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Rule Page

54.6-D Vertical and Lateral Conductors - Vertical Runs (continued)

(2) Runs Less Than 18 Inches from Pole Center Line V-50
(3) Runs 18 Inches from Pole Center Line V-50
(4) Option V-50
(5) Runs Within 8 Feet of Ground V-50
(6) Runs Encased in Grounded Metal Covering V-50
E. Risers V-51
(1) Encased from Ground Level to 8 Feet Above the Ground V-51
(2) Covered from 8 Feet above the Ground Level and Above V-51
(3) Covering Joints V-52
(4) Climbing Space V-52
(5) Clearance between Insulated Conductors V-52
(6) Clearance from Centerline and Surface of Poles V-52
(7) Metal Poles, Towers and Other Metallic Structures V-52
(8) Hardware V-52
F. Termination of Risers and Runs Encased in Metal Conduit V-53
(1) Terminals, Terminal Fittings, and Weather Heads V-53
(2) Climbing Space Obstructions V-53
(3) Clearance from Centerline of Pole V-53
(4) Vertical and Radial Clearance from Conductor Below V-54
(5) Protection from the Grounded Metal Conduit Terminal
Fitting or Weather Head at the Upper End of Vertical
Runs or Risers on Wood Poles V-54
(6) Exposed Suitably Insulated or Grounded Surfaces V-55
(7) 0 - 750 Volt Terminal Fittings and Weather Heads V-55
(8) Vertical Clearances from Lead Wires and Drip Loops to
Other Conductors V-55
G. Termination of Risers and Runs Covered with Suitable
Protective Covering V-58
H. Clearances from Hardware on Wood Poles or Wood Structures V-59
I. Attachment of Protective Covering V-60
54.7 Climbing and Working Space V-60

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

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Rule Page

54.7-A Climbing and Working Space (continued)

A. Climbing Space (Wood Crossarm Construction) V-61
(1) Dimensions Where Line Arms Only are Involved V-62
(2) Dimensions Where Buck Arms are Involved V-62
(3) Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions V-64
B. Working Space (All Types of Construction) V-66
(1) Dimensions of Working Space V-66
(2) Allowable Working Space Obstructions V-67
54.8 Service Drops, 0 - 750 Volts V-70
A. Material and Size V-70
B. Clearances above Ground, Buildings, etc. V-70
(1) Above Public Thoroughfares V-70
(2) Above Private Thoroughfares and Other Private Property V-70
(a) Industrial or Commercial Premises V-70
(b) Residential Premises V-71
(3) Above Ground in Areas Accessible to Pedestrians Only V-71
(4) From Buildings and Structures V-71
(a) Vertical Clearances V-71
(b) Horizontal Clearances V-71
Table 10 V-72
(5) Over Swimming Pools V-72
C. Clearances between Supply Service Drops and Other Conductors V-73
(1) From Fire Alarm or Other Communication Line Conductors V-73
(a) Crossings in Spans V-73
(b) Supported on the Same Pole V-73
Table 11 V-73
(2) On Clearance Crossarms V-74
(3) On Pole Top Extensions V-75
(4) From Communication Service Drops V-75
(5) Above Trolley Contact Conductors V-75
(6) From Conductors of 750 - 7,500 Volts V-75

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Rule Page

54.8 Service Drops, 0 - 750 Volts (continued)

D. Clearance from Other Poles V-76
(1) From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or Traffic Signal
Poles or Standards V-76
E. Clearances from Conductors on Combination Arms V-76
(1) 36–Inch Minimum Pole Pin Position Separation V-76
(2) 42–Inch Minimum Pole Pin Position Separation V-76
(a) Services from Line Arms V-77
(b) Services from Buck Arms V-77
F. From Racks V-78
G. Service/Clearance Poles V-78
(1) Service/Clearance Poles Shall Support Only V-78
(2) Construction Requirements V-78
54.9 Low Voltage Racks, 0 - 750 Volts V-79
A. General V-79
B. Pole Arrangement and Clearance V-79
(1) Clearance from Poles V-79
(2) Conductor Arrangement V-79
C. Conductor Material V-81
D. Conductor Spacing and Span Length V-81
E. Vertical Clearance between Conductor Levels V-81
(1) With Guard Arm below Conductors of
750 - 22,500 Volts V-81
(2) Conductors Deadended under Equipment V-84
(3) Related Rack and Crossarm or Extended Rack V-86
(4) Multiconductor Cable with a Bare Neutral V-86
F. Climbing Space in Rack Construction V-86

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

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Rule Page

54.10 Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral, 0 - 750 Volts V-89
A. General V-89
B. Conductor Arrangement and Clearances V-89
(1) Clearance from Poles V-89
(2) Clearance (Unattached) from Nonclimbable Street
Lighting or Traffic Signal Poles or Standards V-90
(3) Clearance between Conductors in Bare Neutral
Multiconductor Cables V-90
(4) Arrangement at Transitions from Bare Neutral
Multiconductor Cable to Other Types of
Construction (e.g. Extended Rack, Rack or Crossarm) V-90
(5) Arrangement for Deadend Construction V-91
C. Vertical Clearance between Conductor Levels V-92
(1) With Guard Arm Placed Above Cable V-92
(2) Cable Attached 15 Inches or More from
Center Line of Pole V-92
(3) Cable Deadended under a Transformer V-92
(4) Cable Above and Below Other Types of Construction
of the Same 0 - 750 Voltage Classification V-92
(5) Multiple Related Bare Neutral Multiconductor Cables V-93
(6) Multiple Unrelated Bare Neutral Multiconductor Cables V-93
D. Service Drops V-94
E. Conductor Material and Strength V-94
(1) Insulation V-94
(2) Messenger V-94
F. Climbing Space V-94
(1) Through Bare Neutral Multiconductor Cable Level V-94
(2) Dimensions V-95
(3) Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions V-95
G. Sags V-103
H. Fastenings V-103
I. Deleted V-103

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Rule Page

54.10 Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with bare Neutral, 0 - 750 Volts
(continued)
J. Deleted V-103
54.11 Insulators in Vertical and Horizontal Position, without the Use of
Wood Crossarms, More than 750 Volts V-103
A. General V-103
B. Pole Arrangement and Clearances V-104
(1) Clearances V-104
(2) Conductor Arrangement V-104
C. Conductor Material V-104
D. Conductor Spacing V-104
E. Vertical Clearances between Conductor Levels V-104
F. Climbing Space V-105
(1) Where Insulators are in Vertical or Horizontal Position,
More than 750 Volts V-105
(2) Dimensions of Climbing Space where Conductors
are Deadended in Vertical Configuration V-106
G. Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions V-107
54.12 Low Voltage Extended Racks, 0 - 750 Volts V-108
A. General V-109
B. Pole Arrangement and Clearance V-109
(1) Clearance from Poles V-109
(2) Conductor Arrangement V-109
C. Conductor Material V-109
D. Conductor Spacing and Spreader Brackets V-109
(1) Vertical Separation V-109
(2) Spreader Brackets V-109
E. Vertical Clearance between Conductor Levels V-110
F. Climbing Space in Extended Rack Construction V-110
(1) Dimensions V-110
(2) With Conductors Deadended and on Corner Poles V-110
(3) Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions V-111

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Rule Page

55. Conductor Insulators V-114

55.1 Material V-114
55.2 Strength V-114
55.3 Voltage Requirements V-114
A. Pin–type V-114
B. Suspension, Bracket–mounted and Strain Types V-114
C. Flashover Voltage V-114
Table 12 V-115
D. Additional Insulation V-115
56. Overhead Guys, Anchor Guys and Span Wires V-115
56.1 Definition V-115
56.2 Use V-115
56.3 Material and Strength V-116
56.4 Clearances V-116
A. Above Ground V-116
(1) Over, across or along Public Thoroughfares V-116
(2) Over Private Property V-117
(3) Over Swimming Pools V-117
B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines V-117
(1) Which Transport Freight Cars V-117
(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley V-117
C. From Conductors V-117
(1) Crossing in Spans V-117
(2) On Colinear Lines V-118
(3) Parallel on Same Poles V-118
(4) Passing on Same Poles V-120
D. From Guys or Span Wires V-123
(1) Crossing in Spans V-123
(2) Passing and Attached to Same Pole V-123
(3) Approximately Parallel and Attached to Same Poles V-123
(a) Overhead Guys or Span Wires V-123
(b) Anchor Guys V-124

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Rule Page

56.4 Clearances (continued)

E. From Poles V-124
F. From Transformer Cases V-124
G. Above Buildings V-125
56.5 Fastenings V-125
56.6 Requirements for Sectionalizing with Insulators V-125
A. Guys in Proximity to Supply Conductors of Less than
35,500 Volts V-125
B. Guys to Arms Supporting Conductors of Less than 35,500 Volts V-125
C. Ungrounded Overhead Guys V-127
D. Guys Exposed to 22,500 Volts or More V-127
E. Guys Attached to Grounded Poles or Structures V-127
56.7 Location of Sectionalizing Insulators V-127
A. Overhead Guys V-128
B. Anchor Guys V-128
C. Truss Guys V-130
56.8 Guy Insulators V-138
A. Material V-138
B. Strength V-138
C. Voltage Requirements V-138
Table 13 V-138
56.9 Guy Marker (Guy Guard) V-139
57. Messengers and Insulated Cables V-139
57.1 Definition V-139
57.2 Use of Messenger V-139
57.3 Material and Strength V-139
57.4 Clearances V-139
A. Above Ground V-139
(1) Messengers and Insulated Cables V-139
(2) Grounded and Bonded Messengers and Insulated Cables V-140

V-11
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Rule Page

57.4 Clearances (continued)

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines V-140
(1) Which Transport Freight Cars V-140
(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley V-140
C. Between Conductors in Cables V-141
D. Between Cables and Messengers V-141
E. Between Messengers V-141
F. From Poles, Crossarms and Other Conductors V-141
(1) Attached to Surfaces of Poles and Crossarms V-141
(2) Supported on Same Crossarm above 750 Volts V-141
(3) Supported on Same Crossarm 0 - 750 Volts V-142
(4) Between Cable and Unprotected Conductors V-142
(5) Two or More Cables Attached to the Surface of Pole V-142
G. From Buildings and Other Structures V-144
H. From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or Traffic Signal Poles
or Standards V-144
57.5 Fastenings V-144
57.6 Sectionalizing of Messengers with Insulators V-145
57.7 Use of Guard Arms and Coverings V-145
57.8 Bonding and Grounding V-145
57.9 Sags V-145
58. Miscellaneous Equipment V-146
58.1 Enclosed Equipment (Transformers, Capacitors, Regulators, etc.) V-146
A. Position on Pole V-146
B. Unprotected Lead Wire Clearances V-146
(1) Unprotected Case and Lead Wire Clearances V-147
(2) Cases Above Ground V-147
(3) From Hardware V-147
(4) From Guys V-147
C. Equipment Cutouts or Other Equipment Disconnecting Devices V-147

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Rule Page

58.1 Enclosed Equipment (continued)

D. Ungrounded Case Clearances from Line Conductors V-148
E. Grounded Case Clearances form Line Conductors V-148
F. Bonding V-148
58.2 Transformers V-150
A. Grounding or Bonding V-150
(1) Grounding of Windings V-150
(2) Location of Transformer Winding Grounds V-150
(3) Transformer Case Grounding or Bonding V-151
B. Connections between Windings V-151
58.3 Line Switches and Line Disconnects V-151
A. Unenclosed V-151
B. Enclosed Switches V-152
C. Grounded V-152
D. Operating Mechanism V-152
58.4 Traffic Signals V-155
A. Messengers and Span Wire Clearances V-155
B. Lead Wires V-155
C. Clearance above Thoroughfares V-155
58.5 Street Lighting Equipment V-157
A. Circuit Voltage V-157
B. Clearances V-157
(1) Above Ground V-157
(2) Above Railways and Trolley Lines V-157
(3) From Conductors V-158
(a) Messengers and Cables V-158
(b) Conductors Not Supported by Messengers V-158
(4) From Poles V-158
C. Lead Wires V-158
D. Insulators in Supports V-159

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Rule Page

58.5 Street Lighting Equipment (continued)

E. Lighting Units on Transformer or Switch Poles V-159
F. Exceptions V-160
58.6 Time Switches, Meters, Metal Boxes, Other Apparatus and 160
Associated Antennas V-162
A. Grounded V-162
B. Ungrounded V-162
C. Within 8 Feet of the Ground V-162
59. Common Primary and Secondary Grounded Neutral Systems V-162
59.1 Definition V-162
59.2 Applicability V-162
59.3 Conductors V-162
A. Material V-162
B. Size V-163
C. Connections V-163
D. Arrangement and Continuity V-163
(1) Continuity V-163
(2) Minimum Number of Return Paths V-164
(3) Two Return Conductor Paths V-164
(4) More than Two Return Conductor Paths V-164
(5) Primary and Secondary Neutral Conductors V-164
E. Common Neutral Line Conductor Location V-164
(1) With Primary Circuits V-164
(2) With Secondary Circuits V-165
(3) With Primary and Secondary Circuits V-165
(4) In Metal Riser Conduits V-165
(5) Under Crossarms V-165
F. Designation of Common Neutral V-165
59.4 Grounding V-166
A. Material and Size V-166

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Rule Page

59.4-A Grounding - Material and Size (continued)

(1) Grounding Conductors V-166
(2) Ground Rods (Ground Electrodes) V-167
B. Neutral Conductors V-167
(1) Locations V-167
(2) Resistance V-168
(3) Measurement of Resistance V-168
C. Transformers V-168

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 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

V-16
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 Section V
Detailed Construction Requirements for Supply Lines
(Class H, L and T Circuits)
Rule 51.6-A

50 General

The following rules cover certain specific details for the construction of
supply lines. These rules do not apply to Class E circuits, except where
provisions are made for in Section VI. The rules are supplemented, in
certain cases, by rules in other sections. See Section VII for special rules
applicable to Class T circuits; see Section IX for special rules applicable to
supply lines on poles jointly used; see Section X for special rules
applicable to line crossings or conflicts; see Section XI for special rules
applicable to lines crossing railroads.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

51 Poles, Towers and Structures

51.1 Definition (See Section II)

51.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Section III)

51.3 Material and Strength (See Section IV)

51.4 Clearances

A. From Railroad Tracks (See Rule 36; also Appendix E)

51.5 Dimensions and Settings (See Section IV)

51.6 Marking and Guarding

A. High Voltage Marking

Poles which support line conductors of more than 750 volts shall
be marked with high voltage signs. This marking shall consist of a
single sign showing the words “HIGH VOLTAGE”, or pair of signs
showing the words “HIGH” and “VOLTAGE”, not more than six (6)
inches in height with letters not less than 3 inches in height. Such
signs shall be of weather and corrosion–resisting material, solid or
with letters cut out therefrom and clearly legible.

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 Rule 51.6-A

The top of such sign(s) shall be located between the level of the
lowest line conductor, energized in excess of 750 volts, on the pole
to no more than 40 inches below that conductor level (see Figure
51–1).

Poles that support risers of more than 750 volts, which are not
supporting line conductors of more than 750 volts, shall be marked
with a high voltage sign(s). The top of such sign(s) shall be located
between the level of the lowest exposed energized portion of the riser
to no more than 40” below that portion of the riser.

Optional marking methods:

(1) A similarly located band of bright yellow color not less than 12
inches in width installed no more than 40 inches below the
lowest line conductor, energized in excess of 750 volts;

or

(2) When high voltage supply equipment is installed on a pole, a

sign may be installed so that it approximately encircles the
pole, and the top of the sign shall be located no more than six
(6) inches below the equipment and above all communication
line conductors and supply line conductors energized at 0-750
volts.

EXCEPTION: 0-750 volt supply conductors installed on a

combination arm where the side of the arm
supporting the circuit in excess of 750 volts is
marked in accordance with optional marking
method 3 below.

or

(3) Crossarms where present may be marked in lieu of marking the

pole. Such signs shall be placed on the face and back of each
crossarm supporting line conductors (see Rule 20.9–C), except
that high voltage signs are not required on the inside faces of
double arms.

Combination arms shall be marked with high voltage signs only on

portions supporting line conductors of more than 750 volts.

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 Rule 51.6-B1

Crossarms that support risers of more than 750 volts which are
located on poles that do not support line conductors of more than
750 volts shall be marked with high voltage signs on the face and
back of each crossarm.

Note: Revised September 14 1954 by Resolution No. E–862; March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by
Decision No. 71094; March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813; May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5, January 19,
1994 by Resolution SU–25 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

B. Guarding

Where the pole or structure is of latticed metal or of similar

construction and supports supply conductors in excess of 750
volts and is located in urban districts, or in rural areas adjacent to
schools, dwellings, permanent or seasonal camps, or in orchards,
or near roads, or trails which are frequently traveled, a barrier
shall be so located on the pole or structure as to prevent easy
climbing. If the bottom of the barrier is within 12 feet of the
ground line, the top shall not be less than 15 feet above the
ground line, but in no event shall the barrier be less than 8 feet in
length. If the bottom of the barrier is more than 12 feet above
the ground line, it shall not be less than 6 feet in length.

In lieu of a barrier located on the pole or structure a suitable

barrier around the pole or structure may be used.

When a fence or wall is used as a suitable barrier around a pole

or structure the construction shall be designed, installed and
maintained in such manner as to reasonably deny access over,
under or through the fencing or wall to all but authorized
persons.

Material and Height:

(1) Fencing shall be of a fabric, such as galvanized steel, woven

mesh or links (commonly known as chain–link or cyclone
fencing) or other suitable metallic or nonmetallic material,
extending from ground level to a minimum height of eight
feet, or extending from ground level to a minimum height
of seven feet with an extension of not less than 12 inches
of barbed wire (three or more strands), razor wire or similar
deterrent.

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 Rule 51.6-B2

(2) Walls or other types of construction shall be of a material

which will present an equivalent barrier to climbing or other
unauthorized entry, extending from ground level to a
minimum height of eight feet, or extending from ground
level to a minimum height of seven feet with an extension
of not less than 12 inches of barbed wire (three or more
strands), razor wire or similar deterrent.

Gates shall be of a design and maintained in a manner

compatible with the barriers specified in this rule.

A minimum radial distance of six feet shall be maintained

between any portion of the fence or wall and the pole or
structure.

The provisions of this rule, 51.6–B, shall not apply to poles

or structures within fenced substation yards.
Note: It is the intent of Rule 51.6–B to require such guarding as will prevent easy climbing of these poles or structures
by young persons who do not realize the danger of contact with live conductors supported thereon. It is not
intended that such guarding will be required in sparsely settled districts, mountainous and desert areas, and
similar locations.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

Rule 51.6
Conductor Level

40" Max.
40" Max.

HIGH VOL

Figure 51-1
Marking of Poles with High Voltage Sign(s) with or without Wood Crossarms
Note: Added January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU-25.

51.7 Stepping (See Rule 91.3-B)

Note: Rule 51.7 revised January, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005

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 Rule 52.7-B1

52 Crossarms

52.1 Definition (See Rule 21.0)

52.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

52.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.2)

52.4 High Voltage Marking (See Rule 51.6–A)

Note: Rule 52.4 revised May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5 and eliminated January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

52.5 Metal Crossarms and Brackets

Metal crossarms and brackets on wood poles shall not be used to

support conductors of both 750 - 7,500 volts and more than 7,500
volts. For grounded clearance requirements see Rule 54.4–G.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

52.6 Clearance Arms (See Rules 21.0–C, 32.3 and 54.8–C2)

52.7 Hardware

A. Protection against Corrosion (See Rule 49.8)

B. Metal Braces

(1) For Wood Crossarms: Metal crossarm braces on wood

crossarms shall be not less than 1–1/2 inches from lead
wires, ground wires, and bond wires (except as provided in
Rule 53.4), metal pins and other insulator hardware, switch
and cutout hardware, conduits and fittings of riser cables
and cable runs, and metal braces which extend to a
crossarm at another conductor level; except that on wood
crossarms supporting conductors of only one circuit of more
than 7,500 volts, metal crossarm braces may contact bond
wires, metal pins and other insulator hardware where such
contact is intentionally and securely made and the lower
extremity of such metal braces is not less than 3 feet above
the next conductor level below such braces.
Metal crossarm braces attached to wood arms shall clear
transformer cases and hangers by not less than 1 inch of air
space and by not less than 1 1/2 inches of creepage
distance along wood or insulating surfaces.

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 Rule 52.7-B2

(2) For Metal Crossarms: The lower extremities of metal

crossarm braces attached to metal crossarms on wood poles
shall be not less than 3 feet above the next conductor level
below such braces. See Rule 52.5 for the grounding of metal
arms.

C. Separation from Bond Wires and Ground Wires

Bond wires and ground wires shall have a clearance of not less
than 1–1/2 inches from metal pins, bolts, and other hardware on
wood crossarms and wood poles except where the hardware is
intended to be connected to the bond or ground wires, and in
being so connected does not violate other rules of this Order, in
which case suitable electrical contact shall be made.
Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

D. Separation from Metal Pins and Deadend Hardware

Through bolts, metal signs, conduits, metal braces, mounting

bolts and hardware for cutouts or other apparatus, metal street
light fixtures, metal pole top extensions and metal arm extensions
supported by or attached to the surface of wood poles and wood
crossarms shall have a clearance of not less than 1–1/2 inches
from metal pins and deadend hardware. Bolts and hardware of
line equipment and bolts and hardware of insulators, all of which
are associated with the same circuit and on the same crossarm,
may be metallically interconnected provided a positive electric
contact is made.
Any guy contacting or connected to a metal pin or part of
deadend hardware shall not be placed in the climbing space. No
part of any guy may be nearer than 1 1/2 inches to any through
bolt which is metallically interconnected to dead–end hardware.

Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984, March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076 and May 22, 1990 by
Resolution SU–5.

E. Metal Back Braces

The use of metal back braces is not recommended (see Rule
54.7–A3 for climbing space requirements).

F. Grounded (See Rule 54.4–G)

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10 and eliminated January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

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 Rule 53.4-A1b

53 Pins, Deadends, Conductor Suspensions and Fastenings

53.1 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

53.2 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.3)

53.3 Pin, Deadend and Suspension Spacing (See Table 1, Case 8,

and Table 2, Case 15)

53.4 Bonding

Bonding is not required by these rules. Bonding is not recommended

for circuits of 7,500 volts or less but it is recognized that under
certain conditions it may be deemed necessary.

Where bonding is used the bond wire or strap shall have a

conductivity of not less than No. 10 AWG copper wire, shall in no case
be installed on the top surface of any crossarm, and the bonding shall
comply with the following requirements:

A. Circuits of More than 7,500 Volts

(1) At Top of Pole:

(a) Single Circuit: The bond wire of a single circuit in

horizontal, triangular or vertical configuration at the top
circuit position of the pole may be installed on the face,
back or underside of wood crossarms and on the
surface of pole without a protective covering. Crossarm
braces may be connected to such bond wire only where
positive electrical contact is made and the brace is not
less than 3 feet vertically above the next conductor level
below the top circuit.

(b) More than One Circuit: The bonding of any circuit

where more than one circuit is installed at the top
position of a pole shall be in accordance with the
provision of Rule 53.4–A3 below.
Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 53.4-A2

(2) Below Top of Pole: Bond wires of any circuit below the top
circuit position of the pole in horizontal, triangular or vertical
configuration may be installed on the face, back or underside
of wood crossarms and on the surface of pole without a
protective covering. Unbonded metal pole line hardware shall
clear such bond wires by not less than 1.5 inches (see Rules
52.7–B1 and 52.7–C).
Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

(3) Conductors of More than One Circuit at Same Level:

Where conductors of more than one circuit are at the same
level, in horizontal, triangular or vertical configuration, bond
wire may be installed on the face, back or underside of wood
crossarms and on the surface of pole without a protective
covering. Unbonded metal pole line hardware shall clear such
bond wires by not less than 1.5 inches (see Rules 52.7–B1
and 52.7–C).
Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

(a) Separately Bonded Circuits: Where conductors of

not more than two circuits are at the same level and
separately bonded, such bond wires shall be separated
on the crossarm and on the surface of the pole by not
less than 6 inches.
Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984 and January 21,1992, by Resolution SU–10.

(b) Hardware Bond Wires: Where work is to be

performed at such locations, the grounding of hardware
bond wires shall be in accordance with Rule 52.7–F.
Note: Revised January 21,1992, by Resolution SU–10.

B. Circuits of 7,500 Volts or Less

The bonding of circuits of 7,500 volts or less shall comply with

the following:
Bond wires shall not be less than 1.5 inches from metal
braces and all other hardware except the metal pins and
dead ends which are bonded; and

Bond wire of separate circuits shall be separated on

crossarms and poles by not less than 3 inches.

Note: Revised January 21,1992, by Resolution SU–10 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 54.4-A3

54 Conductors
54.1 Definition (See Rule 20.9)

54.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rule 31.1 and 31.2)

54.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.4)

54.4 Clearances
Allowable variations in clearances due to side swing of suspension
insulators, temperature, loading, etc., are given in Rules 37 and 38.
A. Above Ground
The minimum vertical clearances shall be those specified in Rule
37, Table 1, with the following modifications:
(1) Across Arid or Mountainous Areas: Across arid or
mountainous areas supply circuits carrying 22,500 - 30,000
volts, inclusive, may have a clearance of less than 30 feet
(Table 1, Case 4, Column F) but not less than 25 feet above
ground subject to a reduction of not more than 10 percent
because of temperature and loading as specified in Rule 43.
Upon special permission from this Commission, a minimum
clearance of 25 feet above ground may be applied in similar
areas to circuits in excess of 30,000 volts, however, not
including Class E circuits. For circuits in excess of 30,000
volts, no reduction of the 25 feet will be permitted for
conditions less than maximum loadings or temperature
specified in Rules 43.1 and 43.2.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; and March 30, 1968 by
Decision No. 73813.

(2) Lead Wires for Transformers: Transformer lead wires

shall have clearances above ground as specified in Table 1
except as modified by the provisions of Rule 58.1–B.
Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

(3) Over Swimming Pools: (See Figure 54–1) Installations of

conductors, service drops and guys over swimming pools
shall be avoided where practicable. Where line conductors,
service drop conductors or guys are installed over
swimming pools the following rules apply:

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 Rule 54.4-A3a

(a) Line Conductors: Where unprotected line conductors

are installed over a swimming pool they shall have
radial clearances from the top edge of the swimming
pool walls and vertical clearances above the highest
water level of the pool surface not less than the
following:

1) 0 - 750 Volts 20 feet

2) 750 - 22,500 Volts 25 feet

3) 22.5 - 300 kV 30 feet

(See Table 1, Case 3, Columns D, E and F)

(b) Service Drops 0 - 750 Volts: Where service drop

conductors are installed over a swimming pool:

1) Phase conductors shall be suitably insulated (see

Rule 20.9–G).

2) Vertical clearances above the highest water level of

the pool surface and radial clearances from the top
edge of the pool wall shall be:
a) 16 feet for public and commercially operated
pools.
b) 12 feet for residential pools.

3) No service drop may be installed less than 16 feet

vertically above the horizontal plane through a
diving board or platform, such plane being the area
within 8 feet radially of the diving board or platform
that is over the water surface of the pool.

4) No service drop may be installed less than 12 feet

vertically above the horizontal plane through a
diving board or platform, such plane being the area
within 3 feet radially of the diving board or platform
that is not over the water surface of the pool.

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 Rule 54.4-A3b4

Rule 54.4-A3

B
A A
A A

Edge of Pool B
B B B

Highest Diving Board Not Over

Water Level B Over Water Water B
Surface Surface
Side View
B B B
B

Top View B

A B
Minimum Vertical and Radial Clearances over Swimming Pools Minimum Minimum
Vertical Radial
Unprotected Line Conductors (Vertical Over Highest Water Level and
Radial from Top Edge of Pool Walls)
1. 0 - 750 Volts 20 Feet 20 Feet
2. 750 - 22,500 Volts 25 Feet 25 Feet
3. 22.5 - 300 kV 30 Feet 30 Feet
Service Drops (Vertical Over Highest Water Level and Radial from
Top Edge of Pool Walls
4. Pools Public and Commercial 16 Feet 16 Feet
5. Pools Residential 12 Feet 12 Feet
Service Drops (Over Diving Boards or Platforms)
6. Portion of Board or Platform That is Over Water Surface 16 Feet 8 Feet
7. Portion of Board or Platform That is not Over Water Surface 12 Feet 3 Feet
Guys (Ungrounded Portions)
8. Over Highest Water Level and from Top Edge of Pool Walls 18 Feet 18 Feet
9. Over Diving Board or Platform (The Portion that is Over the
18 Feet 8 Feet
Water Surface)
10. Over Diving Board or Platform (The Portion that is not Over the
12 Feet 6 Feet
Water Surface)
Guys (Grounded Portions)
11. Over the Highest Water Level 16 Feet —
12. Over Diving Board or Platform (The Portion that is Over the
16 Feet 8 Feet
Water Surface)
13. Over Diving Board or Platform (The Portion that is not Over the
8 Feet 3 Feet
Water Surface)
Clearance Over Swimming Pools
Figure 54–1

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 Rule 54.4-A3c

(c) Ungrounded Portions of Guys:

1) Shall have radial clearances from the top edge of the

swimming pool wall of not less than 18 feet.
2) Shall have vertical clearances above the highest
water level of the pool surface of not less than 18
feet.
3) Shall not be installed less than 18 feet vertically
above the horizontal plane through a diving board
or platform, such plane being the area within 8
feet radially of the diving board or platform that is
over the water surface of the pool.
4) Shall not be installed less than 12 feet vertically
above the horizontal plane through a diving board
or platform, such plane being the area within 6
feet radially of the diving board or platform that is
not over the water surface of the pool.

(d) Grounded Portions of Guys:

1) Shall have vertical clearances above the highest

water level of the pool surface of not less than 16 feet.
2) Shall not be installed less than 16 feet vertically
above the horizontal plane through a diving board or
platform, such plane being the area within 8 feet
radially of the diving board or platform that is over
the water surface of the pool.
3) Shall not be installed less than 8 feet vertically
above the horizontal plane through a diving board
or platform, such plane being the area within 3 feet
radially of the diving board or
platform that is not over the water surface of the pool.

Note: Added January 2, 1962 by Resolution E–1109 and revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–6.

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 Rule 54.4-C1

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines

(1) Which Transport Freight Cars: The clearances specified in

Table 1, Case 1, are based upon a maximum height of
standard freight cars of 15 feet 6 inches from top of rail to
top of running board. The clearance specified in Table 1,
Case 1, Column C shall not be reduced because of
temperature or loading. The clearance specified in Table 1,
Case 1, Columns A, B, D, E and F, shall not be reduced more
than 5% because of temperature or loading.
Note: Revised February 1, 1948 by Supplement No. 1, Decision No. 41134, Case No. 4324.

(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley: The clearances specified

in Table, 1, Case 2, Columns D, E, and F are based upon a
trolley pole throw of 26 feet, the usual maximum height of a
free trolley pole above the top of rails or surface of streets
used by trolley cars or coaches. Above trolley lines having a
maximum trolley pole throw at variance of 26 feet, the
specified clearances shall be increased or may be reduced
accordingly provided that the clearances specified in Column
F shall not be reduced to less than 30 feet and the
clearances specified in Columns D and E shall not be reduced
to less than 25 feet. See Rule 57.4–B2 for the clearances
required for grounded cables and messengers.

Where railways operated by overhead trolley transport

freight cars, the clearance requirements of Rule 54.4–B1
also apply.

C. Between Conductors

The minimum allowable clearances between conductors are

specified in Rule 38, Table 2, with the following modifications for
supply conductors. (These modifications, like the tabular values,
are also subject to the allowable variations specified in Rule 38):

(1) On Different Crossarms on the Same Pole:

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 Rule 54.4-C1a

(a) Conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts: The 4 foot vertical

clearance between conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts, as
specified in Table 2, Case 10, Column E, may be
reduced to not less than 2 feet provided all the
following conditions are met:

The conductors involved are of one ownership

and the circuits are operated and maintained by
the same crews of workmen;

Under no conditions is this reduced clearance to

be applied in new construction involving new
poles;

Buck arm construction, transformers or

capacitors are not involved;

More than one reduced clearance of 2 feet shall

not be used on any pole; and

It is not practicable to obtain the normally

required 4 foot clearance.

(b) Conductors of 7,500 - 20,000 volts: The 4 foot

vertical clearance between conductors of 7,500 -
20,000 volts, as specified in Table 2, Case 11,
Column F, may be reduced to not less than 3 feet,
provided all of the following conditions are met:
The conductors involved are of one ownership
and the circuits are operated and maintained by
the same crews of workmen;
Under no condition is this reduced clearance to be
applied in new construction involving new poles;
Buck arm construction, transformers or capacitors
are not involved;
More than one reduced clearance of 3 feet shall
not be used on any pole; and
It is not practicable to obtain the normally required
4 foot clearance.

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 Rule 54.4-C2a

(c) Triangular and Vertical Configuration on

Different Crossarms on the Same Pole: When
crossarms are used to support conductors of the same
circuit at different levels (as in triangular or vertical
configuration), the crossarms may be arranged so that
the vertical separation of the conductors of the same
circuit shall not be less than the pin spacings of Table 2,
Case 15.

Where circuits are installed on crossarms in vertical or

triangular configuration with vertical conductor
separations less than as specified in Table 2, Cases 9 to
13, not more than two circuits shall be installed on the
same crossarms and the conductors of both circuits shall
be arranged in identical physical configuration on
opposite sides of the pole except at points of
transposition. When different voltage classifications are
involved, the vertical separation of the conductors shall
not be less than the pin spacing for the higher voltage.

For pole–top triangular construction with crossarms

involving a single circuit see Rule 54.4–D8.

For pole–top triangular and vertical construction

without the use of wood crossarms see Rule 54.11.
Note: Revised May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5.

(2) On Related Line and Buck Arms:

(a) One voltage Classification*: The clearances of Table

2, Case 14 (and clearances less than as specified in
Cases 9 to 13) shall not be applied consecutively both
above and below the same conductor. The foregoing
provisions of this rule do not apply to conductors in
triangular or vertical configuration, the clearances of
Table 2, Case 14 being directly applicable.

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 Rule 54.4-C2a

Where conductors of one voltage classification only are

supported on the same crossarms, the vertical
clearances specified in Table 2, Case 14, are not
required between conductors on line arm and
conductors on related buck arm provided no conductors
on the line arm cross conductors of different phase or
polarity on the buck arm.

*Voltage classifications for this purpose are:

0 - 750 Volts
750 - 7,500 Volts
7,500 - 20,000 Volts
20,000 - 75,000 Volts
Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

(b) Combination Arms: Where conductors of 0 - 750

volts and conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts are supported
on the same crossarms with the nearest conductors of
the two classifications separated a horizontal distance of
not less than 36 inches (plus any necessary vacant pin
spaces required by Rule 54.7–A3c) the vertical
separation between conductors on such a line arm and
conductors on a related buck arm shall be not less than
4 feet. This vertical separation may be less than 4 feet
but not less than 2 feet provided the horizontal
separation of conductors of the two classifications is not
less than 42 inches (plus any necessary vacant pin
spaces required by Rule 54.7–A3c) and all conductors of
the same voltage classification are supported on the
same ends of the crossarms.

Where this vertical separation of 2 feet (or less than 4

feet but more than 2 feet) between conductors on a line
arm and related buck arm is utilized, any conductor on
such line or buckarm shall have a vertical clearance from
any other conductor level of not less than clearances
specified in Table 2, Cases 8 to 13.

(3) On the Same Crossarms:

(a) Different Voltage Classifications: Supply
conductors of different voltage classifications may be
supported on the same crossarms in conformity with
the requirements of Rule 32.4.

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 Rule 54.4-C4b

(b) On Brackets Attached to Crossarms: Line

conductors supported on brackets or extensions
attached to crossarms shall be maintained outside of the
outer pin position on the crossarm with a radial
separation not less than the minimum pin spacing
specified in Table 2, Case 15, from any other line
conductors supported by the same arm. Line conductors
supported on such brackets or crossarm extensions shall
be of the same voltage classification as the conductors
supported on the same side of pole by the crossarm to
which the bracket or arm extension is attached. The
vertical clearances specified in Table 2, Cases 1 to 14
shall be provided between the conductor on the bracket
and the conductor level of any other conductors not
supported on the crossarm to which the bracket is
attached.
(c) Same Phase or Polarity: The clearances specified in
Table 2, Cases 15 and 17, are not required between
conductors of both the same potential and the same
phase or polarity.

(4) Deadended on Pole in Vertical Configuration:

(a) Conductors of 750 Volts or Less: Where conductors

of 750 volts or less are supported in vertical
configuration directly on a pole without the use of
crossarms, the requirements for rack construction, Rule
54.9, shall apply.
(b) Conductors of More than 750 Volts Supported on
Climbable Poles: Where conductors of more than 750
volts are supported in vertical configuration directly on
a climbable pole without the use of crossarms at line
terminations, angles or corners, the following
requirements apply:
The vertical separation between conductors of the
same circuit shall not be less than the clearances
specified in Table 2, Cases 15 and 20;
The vertical separation of different circuits shall
not be less than the clearances specified in Table
2, Cases 8 to 13, inclusive;

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May 2018
Rule 54.4-C4b

Not more than four conductors of a circuit of more

than 750 volts shall be supported directly on a pole
in vertical configuration without the use of
crossarms. Branch circuits may be taken from such
construction without the use of crossarms provided
a climbing and working space as specified in Rule
54.7 and 54.11 is maintained; and
The clearance of conductors from surface of pole
shall not be less than as specified in Rule 54.4–
D6b.
See Rule 54.11–F for climbing space
requirements for conductors dead ended on
poles in vertical configuration.
Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455; and January 21,
1992, by Resolution SU–10.

(c) Conductors of More than 750 Volts Supported on

Nonclimbable Poles: Where conductors of more than
750 volts are supported in vertical configuration on
nonclimbable poles in partial underground distribution at
line terminations, angles, or corners, the following
requirements apply:

Not more than four conductors of a single circuit of

750 - 22,500 volts shall be supported directly on
the pole in vertical configuration without the use of
crossarms. Branch circuits may be taken from such
construction without the use of crossarms provided
that conductors are supported on not more than
three sides of the pole, there being four sides;
The vertical separation between conductors shall
not be less than the pin spacings specified in Table
2, Case 15; and
The clearance of conductors from surface of pole
shall not be less than as specified in Rule 54.4–
D2.

Note: Added February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; Amended March 29, 1966 by Decision No.70489; Revised August
9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 21, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–6.

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 Rule 54.4-C4c

Rules 22.5, 54.4-C4c, 54.4-D2

Transformer

* Primary Conductors
* 750 - 22,500 Volts 6" Min.
*
*54.4C4c High Voltage
Marking
Table 1, Column E, Cases 1 to 5 Inclusive

(Table 2
Case 15)

Non-Climbable
Metal Pole

Underground
Distribution
Figure 54-2
Partial Underground

Conductor Clearance and Arrangement

Partial Underground Rule 54.4-D2

6’’ min

To To
Transformer Transformer
Tangent Construction

6’’ min 6’’ min

Deadend Construction

Figure 54-3

V-35
May 2018
Rule 54.4-C5

(5) Rack Construction (See Rule 54.9)

Extended Rack Construction (See Rule 54.12)
Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

(6) From Lead Wires and Drip Loops to Other Conductors:

The vertical clearances between the lowest point of lead
wires (to conduit runs, transformers or other equipment),
excepting drop wires to street lights, and the next supply
conductor level below such lead wires may be less than the
clearances specified in Table 2, Cases 9 to 12, Columns D, E,
F and G, provided the vertical separation is maintained as
great as practicable and in no case less than the following
(see Figure 54–22):

Minimum Distance above

Voltage of Lead Wires
Other Conductor Level
0 - 750 12 inches
750 –7,500 18 inches
7,500 – 20,000 24 inches
20,000 – 35,000 36 inches

(7) Vertically at Crossings in Spans:

The vertical clearance required at crossings in spans by Table

2, Cases 4, 5, 6 and 7, may be reduced when:

1. All conductors are of the same circuit, and

2. Vertical taps are installed between related crossing
conductors.
The minimum vertical clearance shall be the following:

Supply Conductor Voltage Minimum Vertical Clearance

0 – 750 volts 12 inches
750 –20,000 volts 24 inches
20,000 – 35,000 volts 30 inches
35,000 – 75,000 volts 48 inches

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May 2018
 Rule 54.4-D2

EXCEPTIONS:

(a) In vertical configuration, there is no specific vertical

clearance required between conductors that are
mechanically and electrically connected at the crossing.

(b) There is no specific clearance required for 0 - 750 volt

multiconductor cable having a bare neutral (Rule 54.10)
provided the messengers are mechanically connected.

Note: Rule 54.4–C7 deleted March 30, 1967 by Decision No. 73813. Added again on November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–
15.

D. From Poles

The basic minimum clearances of conductors from centerline and

surface of poles are specified in Table 1, Cases 8 and 9.
Modifications of these basic clearances are specified in Rule 37
and by the following provisions:

(1) Center Line Clearance at Angles in Lines: The clearance

specified in Table 1, Case 8 may be reduced at angles in
lines where it is necessary to support conductors on the side
of insulators placed on pole–pins, provided the distance
between the center of any such pole–pin and the centerline
of the crossarm through bolt is not less than the distance
specified in Table 1, Case 8. This Rule 54.4–D1 shall not be
held to permit any greater reduction of climbing space
widths than that specified in Rule 54.7–A for line angles.

Note: Revised May 22, 1990, by Resolution SU–5.

(2) Center Line Clearances for 750 Volts and above: The
clearances referred to in Table 1, Case 8, Columns E and
F, apply as follows with respect to voltage:

750 - 7,500 Volts 15 inches

7,500 - 46,000 Volts 18 inches
46,000 Volts and above 18 inches plus 1/4 inch per
kV in excess of 46 kV

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May 2018
Rule 54.4-D2

These clearances from centerline of pole need not apply to

conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts and 7,500 - 22,500 volts
supported in vertical configuration in partial underground
distribution provided: a) such conductors have clearances
from surface of pole of not less than 6 inches, b) in tangent
construction, conductors so supported are not attached to
more than one side of pole, and c) in deadend construction
conductors so supported are not attached to more than
three sides of a pole (there being four sides, see Figure 54-
3).
Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966
by Decision No. 71094.

(3) Conductors Passing and Unattached: The centerline

clearance between poles and conductors which pass
unattached shall be not less than 1–1/2 times the clearance
specified in Table 1, Case 8, except where the interset pole
is within 10 feet of a pole to which the passing conductors
are attached or where the provisions of Table 1, Case 10,
Columns D, E, F, and G can be applied. Where poles of the
two lines are less than 10 feet apart, clearances not less
than as specified in Table 1, Case 8, shall be maintained
between the center line of any pole and conductors which
pass unattached.
Note: Revised January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186.

This rule will often necessitate the use of clearance

crossarms with conductor clearances as specified in Table
1, Case 8, or the alternate increased clearances for service
drops as provided in Rule 54.8–C3.

(4) Longitudinal Cables and Messengers: Messengers and

longitudinal supply cables, treated as required in Rule 57.4–F,
may be attached to the surface of pole and thus have
clearances less than as specified in Table 1, Cases 8 and 9,
Column D.

(5) Rack Construction for 0 - 750 Volts: Conductors of

0 - 750 volts in rack construction may be attached to poles
with clearances less than 15 inches and 3 inches as specified
in Table 1, Cases 8 and 9 respectively, provided such
construction complies with the provisions of Rule 54.9 and
such conductors, not including their tie wires, shall have a
clearance of not less than 2 1/2 inches from surface of pole.

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 Rule 54.4-D7

(6) Deadended on Pole:

(a) 0 - 750 Volts: Where conductors of 0 - 750 volts are

dead ended on a pole in vertical configuration, the
clearances specified for rack construction, Rule 54.9–
B1, shall apply.

(b) More than 750 Volts Supported on Climbable

Poles: Where conductors are supported on a climbable
pole in vertical configuration, the energized portions of
such conductors shall have clearances of not less than
15 inches from the surface of the pole for voltages
between 750 and 7,500 volts and 18 inches from the
surface of pole for voltages in excess of 7,500 volts.

Not more than four conductors of a circuit of more than

750 volts shall be attached directly to a pole in vertical
configuration without the use of crossarms. Branch
circuits may be taken from such construction without the
use of crossarms provided a climbing and working space
as specified in Rules 54.7 and 54.11 is maintained.

Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455; July 22, 1968 by
Decision No. 74342;and January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

(c) More than 750 Volts Supported on Nonclimbable

Poles: Where conductors are deadended on a
nonclimbable pole in partial underground distribution, the
energized portions of such conductors shall be not less
than 6 inches from surface of pole (see Rule 54.4–D2).

Note: Added February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707.

(7) This space is intentionally left blank.

Note: Rule 54.4–D(7) was deleted March 9, 1988 by Resolution No. E–3076. Subsequent Rules 54.4–D8 and 9 are not
renumbered.

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May 2018
Rule 54.4-D8

(8) At Top of Pole:

Clearance between a Single Conductor and Center Line of

Pole: A single conductor of a circuit may be attached
directly to the top of a pole or to a crossarm at the top of a
pole at a distance less than as specified in Table 1, Case 8.
Where a transformer(s) or similar apparatus is connected to
a circuit so arranged, a vertical clearance of not less than
30 inches shall be maintained between its unenergized
metal parts and the lowest primary line conductor of the
circuit directly above.

For pole–top triangular and vertical construction without

the use of wood crossarms see Rule 54.11.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094;March 9, 1988 by
Resolution E–3076, May 22, 1990 by Resolution SU–5 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

(9) Lateral and Vertical Conductors: Unprotected lateral and

vertical conductors (excepting ground wires installed as
specified in Rule 54.6–B, bond wires installed as specified in
Rule 53.4, and suitable insulated conductors of 0 - 750 volts
entering terminal fittings mounted on the surface of poles as
specified in Rule 54.6–F) shall not be attached to the surface
of poles, but shall be supported on crossarms or other
supports and arranged to maintain the specified clearances
from poles, towers or structures and other conductors (Table
1, Cases 8 and 9, and Table 2, Cases 15, 16 and 17), and to
maintain the climbing and working spaces as required in
Rule 54.7. In lieu of the foregoing, lateral and vertical
conductors may be installed on the surface of poles provided
the conductors are suitably insulated and protected as
specified in Rule 54.6.

E. From Crossarms

The minimum distances of unprotected conductors from the

surface of crossarms are specified in Table 1, Case 9. These
clearances from the surface of crossarms are not required for
suitably insulated conductors in runs which are protected as
specified in Rule 54.6–C or for suitably insulated conductors where
entering such protected runs.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.4-G4

Lead wires of 0 - 5,000 volts may be less than 3 inches, but shall
be not less than 1 inch, from the surface of crossarms where
equipment (cutouts, switches, etc.) mounted on the crossarms is
so constructed that clearances of less than 3 inches are necessary
for the entrance of such leads to the equipment.

F. From Guys and Messengers (See Table 2, Column A, Rule

56.4–C and Rule 57.4)

G. From Grounded Metal Boxes, Hardware and Equipment

All grounded metal boxes, hardware and grounded metal cases

for equipment, on non–metallic poles or non–metallic structures
shall be a minimum of 36 inches above and 30 inches below the
next level of unprotected conductors. Such equipment shall have
a minimum clearance of 48 inches above or 72 inches below
communication line conductors, cables and messengers of
different ownership. See Figure 54–4.

EXCEPTIONS:

(1) 0 - 750 volt line conductors (not including incidental pole

wiring, e.g. jumpers) a 10 inch radial clearance is required.

(2) Equipment (e.g. in Rule 58.6) operated at 0 - 750 volts and

mounted not less than 15 inches from the surface of the
pole. These clearances shall not be less than the radial
clearances required for incidental pole wiring by Table 2,
Cases 16 and 17.

(3) Grounded portions of risers and their associated terminal

fittings, brackets and hardware. These clearances shall not
be less than the radial clearances required for incidental pole
wiring by Table 2, Cases 16 and 17.

(4) Lightning arresters, grounded insulator pins and insulators

with grounded bases and their associated supports. These
clearances shall not be less than the radial clearances
required for incidental pole wiring by Table 2, Cases 16 and
17.

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May 2018
Rule 54.4-G5

(5) The 72 inches may be reduced to not less than 48 inches

where a communication cable does not have a pole mounted
drop distribution terminal located above the grounded metal
box, hardware or metal case for equipment, or where the
grounded metal box, hardware or metal case for equipment
is securely bonded to the communication cable and/or
messenger.

(6) The 72 inches may also be reduced to 48 inches when the

grounded metal box, hardware or metal case for equipment
is on the opposite side of a pole from a pole mounted
communication drop distribution terminal.

Any item grounded in accordance with this rule shall be

effectively grounded (see Rule 33.3).

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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May 2018
 Rule 544-G

Rule 54.4-G
750V & above

30" Min. Note: Clearance Requirements are from

upper and lower most parts of
grounded equipment.

10" (0 to 750V)
36" (750V & above)

Note: For clearance requirements between

48" Min. conductor levels see Table 2.

Communications (See Rule 92.1-F)

72" Min. See Rule 54.4-G and

87.4-H for Exceptions

Grounded Control/Operator/Equipment

Figure 54-4

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May 2018
Rule 54.4-H

H. Above, Alongside, or in Immediate Proximity to Buildings,

Bridges and Other Structures

(1) Unattached Conductors: Conductors should be arranged

so as not to hamper or endanger workers and firefighters
while performing their duties. The basic clearances of
conductors from buildings are specified in Table 1, Cases 6
and 7. The horizontal clearance (Table 1, Case 7) shall be
maintained until the vertical clearance (Table 1, Case 6) is
attained (see Figure 54–24). The requirements of Table 1,
Case 7, also apply at fire escapes, exits, windows, etc., at
which human contact may be reasonably expected.
EXCEPTION: The horizontal conductor clearance from
buildings may be reduced from 6 feet to 4
feet (Table 1, Case 7, Column E) if all of the
following criteria are met:
(a) The conductor voltage is 7,500 volts
or less; and
(b) The conductor vertical clearance above
ground is more than 35 feet; and
(c) The building height next to the
conductors exceeds the conductor
height by 6 feet or more; and
(d) There are no fire escapes, exits, or
windows at which human contact may
be reasonably expected.
Note: See Rule 54.8–B4 for service drop clearance requirements and Table 58–1 for special treatment of bus and lead
wires of transformer installations in alleys.

(2) Attached Conductors: Unprotected conductors not

exceeding 22,500 volts may be supported by attachments
to buildings, bridges and other structures. To conductors of
0 - 750 volts so supported, the clearances of Table 1, Case
7, Columns B, C and D shall apply. To conductors of 750 -
22,500 volts so supported a minimum horizontal clearance
of 8 feet shall apply.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.5

In lieu of these requirements for unprotected conductors,

supply conductors may be installed on the surface of
buildings, bridges and other structures in grounded metal
conduit or other grounded sheath or grounded shield
suitably protected from mechanical injury.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; November 6, 1992 by
Resolution SU–15 and January 19,1994 by Resolution SU–25.

I. Below, Alongside, Through or in Immediate Proximity to

Bridges, Viaducts or Similar Structures
Unprotected supply conductors which pass unattached below or
in immediate proximity to bridges, viaducts or similar structures
shall be maintained at clearances above ground and walkways as
specified in Table 1, Cases 1 to 6 inclusive; at clearances from
walls and underneath parts of such structures as specified in
Table 1, Case 7; and at clearances from conductors of other
classifications as specified in Table 2, Case 3. The horizontal
clearance (Table 1, Case 7) shall be maintained until the vertical
clearance (Table 1, Case 6) is attained (see Figure 54–24).
Conductors of 0 - 22,500 volts, passing under or through bridges,
viaducts or similar structures may be attached thereto in
accordance with the provisions of Rule 54.4–H2. Warning signs of
a substantial character with letters not less than 3 inches in
height reading “High Voltage” for voltages in excess of 750 volts
shall be placed conspicuously on each crossarm or structural
member supporting the conductors.
In lieu of these requirements for unprotected conductors, supply
conductors which cross below bridges, viaducts or similar
structures shall be enclosed in grounded metal conduit or in other
effectively grounded sheath or grounded shield suitably protected
from mechanical injury.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489, August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094, and November 6, 1992 by
Resolution SU–15.

54.5 Sags

Minimum conductor sags shall be such that, under the loading

conditions specified in Rule 43, the safety factor specified in Table
4, Rule 44 shall be met. See Charts in Appendix C for suggested
sags at normal temperatures.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.5

Rules 54.4-H1 and 54.4-I

H

Immediate Proximity
(Rule 54.4-H1)

V Above

Building

Alongside
V = Vertical
H = Horizontal

Immediate Proximity
Above (Rule 54.4-H1)

Alongside
Bridge

Immediate Proximity
V (Rule 54.4-I)

Below
Figure 54-24
Conductors in Immediate Proximity to Buildings, Bridges or Similar Structures

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May 2018
 Rule 54.6-A

54.6 Vertical and Lateral Conductors

A. Unprotected Conductors (See Rule 20.9–E for definition)

Unprotected conductors may pass laterally on a pole or structure

or vertically from one level on a pole or structure to another level,
but shall not pass within the climbing space; shall not pass within
the working space, except as permitted by Rule 54.7–B2; shall
not pass between conductors of any other circuit, except between
pole–pin conductor positions; and shall clear the conductors of
other circuits by distances not less than the following:

Highest Voltage Minimum Radial Distance

Classification of Conductors between Conductors
Concerned
0 – 5,000 Volts 11.5 inches
5,000 – 7,500 Volts 17.5 inches
7,500 – 20,000 Volts 24 inches
20,000 Volts and above 36 inches

Exception: The minimum radial distances in this rule shall not

apply to uncovered, grounded, non-dielectric fiber
optic cables in transition on metallic structures,
which must comply with Rule 38, Table 2, Case
16a.

Where unprotected vertical conductors are in excess of 12 feet

in length, additional supports shall be installed so that the
maximum length of conductor between supports is not more
than 12 feet.

The clearances in the above tabulation do not apply between

taps in buckarm construction, the clearances specified in Table
2, Case 16, being directly applicable.

For clearances between street light drop wires and cables, other
conductors and metal boxes, see Rules 58.5–B3 and 92.1–F5.

Unprotected conductors, installed as specified in this rule (54.6–

A) and in Rule 54.4–D9 are not vertical or lateral runs as defined
in Rule 23.2.

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Rule 54.6-A

In lieu of the foregoing, vertical and lateral conductors may

be installed as specified in Rules 54.6–C and 54.6–D.

Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455, October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40, and January 13, 2005
by Decision No. 0501030.

B. Ground Wires

Ground wires shall have a conductivity and mechanical strength

at least equal to that of No. 8 AWG medium–hard–drawn copper
wire; they shall not be installed on the top surfaces of crossarms;
and they shall have clearances of not less than 1.5 inches from
hardware in accordance with the provisions of Rules
52.7–B and 52.7–C.

That portion of the ground wire attached on the face or back of

wood crossarms or on the surface of wood poles and structures
shall be covered by a suitable protective covering (see Rule
22.8).

EXCEPTION: Ground wires of 0 - 750 volt circuits or equipment

are not required to be covered where installed on
crossarms supporting 0 - 750 volt conductors.

Minor separation, warping, and/or cracking of the protective

covering is allowed, provided the ground wire is not exposed.

Ground wires of common neutral systems are specially required

to comply with the provisions of Rules 59.3–C and 59.4 in
addition to the provisions of this Rule 54.6–B.

Ground wires installed on the surface of service and meter poles

(see Rule 22.6–E for definition) which terminate in effectively
grounded meter or equipment enclosures not more than eight
feet above ground are not required to be covered by a suitable
protective covering (see Rule 22.8 for definition), provided they
are encased in rigid steel conduit or No. 8 AWG minimum
armored copper ground wire is used.
Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU-40 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.. Last paragraph
added July 26, 1966 by Decision No. 71009.

C. Lateral Conductors

(1) Lateral Runs: Lateral conductors installed as specified in

this Rule 54.6–C are known as Lateral Runs.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.6-D1

(2) Conductors of 0 - 750 Volts: Lateral conductors of 0 -

750 volts may be installed with less than the radial clearances
between conductors, specified in Table 2, Cases 16 and 17, and
with less than the clearance from the center line and surface of
pole, and from the surface of crossarm, as specified in Table 1,
Cases 8 and 9, provided such conductors are suitably insulated
and placed along the bottom surface of crossarms. Such
conductors when installed along the bottom surface of crossarms
and protected by plastic conduit having the properties of the
material specified in Rule 22.8–B shall be considered to be suitably
protected and allowed in the climbing space.
Note: Revised February 13, 1980 by Resolution No. E–1863, May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5 and January 19,
1994 by Resolution SU–25.

(3) Conductors of More than 750 Volts: Lateral conductors

of more than 750 volts may be installed with less than the
radial clearances between conductors, specified in Table 2,
Cases 16 and 17, and with less than the clearances from
centerline and surface of pole, and from the surface of
crossarm, as specified in Table 1, Cases 8 and 9, provided
such conductors are suitably insulated and are protected by
the plastic conduit specified in Rule 54.6–C2, such conduit
being placed along and attached to the bottom surface of
crossarm.
Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

(4) Extent of Run: The suitable protective covering (see Rule

22.8) required for protection by this Rule 54.6–C shall
extend on the bottom surface of the crossarm and in no
case shall the covering be terminated at clearances from the
centerline of pole less than specified for conductors in Table
1, Case 8.
Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–6.

(5) Option: In Lieu of the foregoing lateral conductors may

be installed as specified in Rules 54.6–A and 54.4–D9.
Note: Revised May 1, 1961 by Resolution No. E–1088; June 7, 1965 by Decision No. 69071 and January 6, 1968 by
Decision No. 73455.

D. Vertical Runs

(1)…Vertical Runs: Vertical conductors installed as specified

in this Rule 54.6–D are known as Vertical Runs.

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May 2018
Rule 54.6-D2

(2) Runs Less Than 18 Inches from Pole Centerline:

Vertical conductors may be installed with less than the
radial clearances between conductors, specified in Table2,
Cases 16 and 17, and on the surface of poles or less than
18 inches from centerline of pole provided such
conductors are suitably insulated and covered throughout
by a suitable protective covering (see Rule 22.8 for the
definition of suitable protective covering). This protective
covering is not required over suitably insulated vertical
conductors in metal conduit attached to metal poles,
towers, or other structures provided conduit and structure
are metallically connected and effectively grounded.
Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

(3) Runs 18 Inches from Pole Centerline: Vertical

conductors may be installed with less than the radial
clearances between conductors, specified in Table 2,
Cases 16 and 17, and at a distance of more than 18
inches from the centerline of any pole provided that such
conductors are suitably insulated and covered by suitable
protective covering. Such conductors shall be located
outside of the climbing and working spaces and shall not
pass between conductors of different ownership except
between the pole pair and at a clearance therefrom of no
less than 6 inches.
Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

(4) Option: In lieu of the foregoing, vertical conductors may

be installed as unprotected conductors, specified in Rules
54.6–A and 54.4–D9.

(5) Runs Within 8 Feet of Ground: Vertical conductors

installed as specified in Rule 54.6–D2 and 54.6–D3, and
which extend within 8 feet of the ground shall be treated
as risers. Runs which terminate in the top of enclosures
which afford ample mechanical protection to the runs may
extend within 8 feet of the ground but not less than 6 feet
of the ground without being treated as risers.

(6) Runs Encased in Grounded Metal Covering: Vertical

conductors where encased in grounded metal conduit,
sheath, or shield, shall be treated as risers.
Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; June 7, 1965 by Decision No. 69071; January 6, 1968 by
Decision No. 73455 and July 22, 1968 by Decision No. 74342.

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 Rule 54.6-E2d

E. Risers

(1) Encased from Ground Level to 8 Feet Above the

Ground: Risers from underground cables or other
conductors shall be encased from the ground level to a
level not less than 8 feet above the ground (see Figure 54–
4A & B) in:

(a) Securely or effectively grounded iron or steel pipe (or

other covering at least of equal strength); or

(b) Nonmetallic conduit, provided that risers of circuits in

excess of 750 volts shall have an effectively grounded
metallic shield. Such conduit shall be of material as
specified in Rule 22.8–B; or

(c) Nonmetallic U–shaped moulding, provided that risers of

circuits in excess of 750 volts shall have an effectively
grounded metallic shield. Such U–shaped moulding
shall be of a material as specified in Rule 22.8–B, and
the U–shaped moulding shall be installed with a backup
plate (to effectively encase the cable or conductors) of
similar type material.

(2) Covered from 8 Feet Above the Ground Level and

Above: All risers from underground cables or other
conductors which pass through an unrelated conductor or
cable level shall be covered or encased by material as
described in Rule 54.6–E1 or by a suitable protective
covering as described in Rule 22.8 from a distance of 8
feet above the ground to:

(a) Not less than 18 inches above supply conductors.

(b) Not less than 36 inches above communication

conductors for supply risers of 750 volts or less; and

(c) Not less than 48 inches above communication

conductors for supply risers of 750 - 7500 volts; and

(d) Not less than 60 inches above communication

conductors for supply risers of more than 7500 volts.

V-51
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 Rule 54.6-E2d

When iron or steel pipe, or other material not meeting

the minimum insulating efficiency as specified in Rule
22.8–B is used it shall be terminated or covered by
suitable protective covering where within a vertical
distance of 8 feet from communication conductors or
cables, or unprotected supply conductors.

(3) Covering Joints: Where two sections of suitable

protective covering join together (at joints) they shall be
covered to prevent exposing the underground cables or
other conductors by:

(a) The extension of either or both such coverings; or

(b) A coupling of equal material; or

(c) A strap of equal material.

(4) Climbing Space: Protective coverings for risers, other than

wood meeting the requirements of Rule 22.8, are not allowed in
the climbing space.

(5) Clearance between Insulated Conductors: The radial

clearances between conductors, specified in Table 2, Cases 16
and 17, are not required between suitably insulated conductors or
cables in the same riser.

(6) Clearance from Centerline and Surface of Poles:

Suitably insulated riser conductors or cables can be installed with
less than the centerline and surface of pole clearances specified in
Table 1, Cases 8 and 9 respectively.

(7) Metal Poles, Towers and Other Metallic Structures:

Protective covering (suitable) is not required over risers encased
in effectively grounded nonclimbable metal poles or in iron or
steel pipe attached to a steel pole, steel tower or other metallic
structure provided the iron or steel pipe is effectively grounded
and is metallically connected to such metal structure.

(8) Hardware (See Rule 91.4)

Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; June 7, 1965 by Decision No. 69071 and September 12, 1973 by
Decision No. 81872; February 13, 1980 by Resolution E–1863; March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076, January 19,1994
by Resolution SU–25, and January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005

V-52
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 Rule 54.6-F3

F. Termination of Risers and Runs Encased in Metal Conduit

Where risers and runs are covered or encased with suitable

protective covering (Rule 22.8) see Rule 54.6–G.

Where risers and runs are encased in metal conduit or other

materials not meeting the minimum insulating efficiency as
specified in Rule 22.8–B (suitable protective covering), e.g. lead
risers encased in metal conduit, and such metal conduit or other
conducting material extends within 4 feet of any supply conductor
level the following rules shall apply.

(1) Terminals, Terminal Fittings, and Weather Heads:

Grounded portions of terminals, grounded terminal
fittings, and grounded weather heads of risers or runs
shall not extend above the level of line conductors to
which their terminal leads are connected except:

(a) Where the line conductors are installed in vertical

configuration in partial underground distribution; or

(b) Where the line conductors are deadended on the same

crossarms that the grounded portions of the terminal,
grounded terminal fitting, or grounded weather head is
attached and no line conductors supported on those
crossarms extend past the grounded portions of the
terminals, terminal fitting, or weather head, and no
buck arm construction is involved; or

(c) Where conductors in excess of 7,500 volts are

installed in vertical configuration on crossarms, and
the grounded portions of terminals, grounded
terminal fittings, or grounded weather heads are
mounted on the same crossarms which support the
conductors to which the terminal leads are
connected.

(2) Climbing Space Obstructions: Terminals, terminal

fittings, and weather heads of risers or runs are not
allowed in the climbing space.

(3) Clearance from Centerline of Pole: For clearance of

energized portions of terminals and their unprotected
leads from centerline of pole, see Table 1, Case 8.

V-53
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 Rule 54.6-F3

EXCEPTION: In partial underground distribution (Rule

22.5) energized portions of the terminals
may be less than the clearances from
centerline of pole specified in Table 1, Case
8, Column E (15 or 18 inches) but shall not
be less than 6 inches from the surface of the
nonclimbable metal pole and grounded
metal surface associated therewith.

(4) Vertical and Radial Clearance from Conductor below:

All exposed grounded surfaces of terminals, terminal
fittings, weather heads, cables or conduit bends, or suitably
insulated cable surfaces of risers and runs shall be at least
18 inches vertically and 18 inches radially from the next
unprotected conductor level below. (See Figure 54–4 A &
B).

(5) Protection from the Grounded Metal Conduit,

Terminal Fitting, or Weather Head at the Upper End
of Vertical Runs or Risers on Wood Poles: Any exposed
grounded metal conduit, grounded terminal fitting, or
grounded weather head at the upper end of the vertical run
or riser on wood poles within distances from the centerline
of pole less than as specified in Table 1, Case 8, shall be
protected by a wood crossarm or wood block placed above it
at a distance not exceeding 4 inches.

EXCEPTIONS: The wood block may be omitted if the

exposed grounded metal conduit, grounded
terminal fitting, or grounded weather head
at the upper end of a vertical run or riser of
750 volts or less is:

(a) On the same side of a pole as, and not

more than one foot below a
transformer; or

(b) Not more than 6 inches and not less

than 3 inches below the lowest
conductor of a rack, and such conduit,
fitting, or weather head is approximately
centered in the vertical plane under the
rack.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.6-F8

(6) Exposed Suitably Insulated or Grounded Surfaces:

Exposed suitably insulated or grounded portions of cable,
conduit bends, terminal fittings, terminals, and weather
heads, located at the upper end of vertical runs or risers
supported on climbable poles or structures should be
arranged with as little exposed surface as practicable. Such
cable or conduit bends are not required to be covered by a
suitable protective covering (See Figure 54–4 A & B)
provided that no portion of their exposed surfaces are within
the climbing space.

(7) 0 - 750 Volt Terminal Fittings and Weather Heads:

The grounded terminal fittings, grounded weather heads,
and unprotected cables or leads to and from risers or runs of
0 - 750 volts installed on the surfaces of poles shall not be
or pass within the climbing space, but may have a clearance
of less than 15 inches from centerline of pole (Table 1, Case
8) and less than 3 inches from the surface of pole or
crossarm (Table 1, Case 9). It is recommended that cables
from such terminal fittings and weather heads be suitably
insulated and, where practicable, carried as protected lateral
runs on the bottom surface of crossarms (See Rule 54.6–C).

(8) Vertical Clearances from Lead Wires and Drip Loops

to Other Conductors: The vertical clearances between the
lowest point of lead wires (See unprotected conductor Figure
54–4 A & B) of a riser or run (vertical or lateral) and the
next conductor level below shall conform to the
requirements specified in Rule 54.4–C6. For the vertical
clearances between supply drip loops and a communication
conductor level below see Rule 92.1–F3.

Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; July 26, 1966 by
Decision No. 71009; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984; May
22, 1990 by Resolution SU–5 and January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

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 Rule 54.6-F8

Rule 54.6-E Rule 54.6-F Rule 54.6-G

CL

Terminal
HIGH VOLTAGE Lead
Unprotected
Conductor

A Terminal

Termination
Apparatus
or Terminal HIGH VOLTAGE
Fitting

Table 2,
Cases 8 - 13

Cable Or
Conduit Bend
18" R Min.

18" Min.

Suitable Protective Covering (Rule 22.8)

First 8 feet of riser above the

ground line must be installed in
accordance with Rule 54.6-E.

A = 15" Minimum for 750 - 7,500 Volts

A = 18" Minimum For 7,500 - 46,000 Volts

Figure 54-4A
Supply Risers and Terminations

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May 2018
 Rule 54.6-F8

Rules 54.6-E, 54.6-F and 54.6-G

CL

HIGH VOLTAGE

Unprotected
Conductor

HIGH VOLTAGE

Terminal Lead

A Terminal

Termination Apparatus
or Terminal Fitting

Table 2
Cases 8 - 13
18" R Min. Cable or
18" Min. Conduit Bend

Suitable Protective
Covering (Rule 22.8)

First 8 feet of riser

above the ground line shall
A = 15 Inches Minimum for 750 - 7500 Volts
be installed in accordance
with Rule 54.6-E. A = 18 Inches Minimum for 7500 - 46,000 Volts

Figure 54-4B
Supply Risers and Terminations

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May 2018
 Rule 54.6-G

G. Termination of Risers and Runs Covered with Suitable

Protective Covering

For termination of risers and runs encased in metal conduit or

other materials not meeting the minimum insulating efficiency
as specified in Rule 22.8–B (suitable protective covering) and
which extend within 4 feet of any supply conductor level see
Rule 54.6–F.

Where risers and runs are covered or encased with suitable

protective covering (Rule 22.8) the following rules shall apply.

(1) Grounded Portions of Termination Apparatus

(Terminals, Potheads, Stress Cones, etc.): Grounded
portions of the termination apparatus of risers or runs shall
not extend above the level of line conductors to which their
terminal leads are connected except:

(a) where line conductors are deadended on the same

crossarm or bracket that the termination apparatus is
attached, and no line conductors supported on that
crossarm or bracket extend past the grounded portion
of the termination apparatus, and no buck arm
construction is involved; or

(b) where line conductors are installed in vertical or

triangular configuration and the grounded portions of
the termination apparatus are mounted on the same
crossarms, or other supports, which support the line
conductors to which the terminal leads are connected.

(2) Climbing Space Obstructions: Termination apparatus

(terminals, potheads, stress cones, etc.) of risers or runs
are not allowed in the climbing space.

(3) Clearance from Centerline of Pole: For clearance of

energized portions of terminals (see Figure 54–4 A and B)
and their unprotected leads from centerline of pole, see
Table 1, Case 8.

(4) Vertical and Radial Clearance from Conductors below:

All exposed grounded surfaces of termination apparatus
(terminals, potheads, stress cones, etc.), cables or conduit
bends, or suitably insulated cable surfaces of risers and
runs, shall be at least 18 inches vertically and 18 inches
radially from the next unprotected conductor level below
(see Figure 54–4 A and B).

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 Rule 54.6-H

(5) Exposed Suitably Insulated or Grounded Cable:

Exposed suitably insulated or grounded portions of cable
located at the upper end of vertical runs or risers (see
Figure 54–4 A and B) supported on climbable poles or
structures are not required to be covered by a suitable
protective covering provided that no portion of their
exposed surfaces are within the climbing space.

(6)…Vertical Clearance from Lead Wires and Drip Loops to

Other Conductors: The vertical clearances between the
lowest point of lead wires (see unprotected conductor
Figures 54–4A and B) of a riser or run (vertical or lateral)
and the next conductor level below shall conform to the
requirements specified in Rule 54.4–C6. For the vertical
clearances between supply drip loops and a communication
conductor level below see Rule 92.1–F3.

The suitably insulated cables at the upper end of vertical

runs and risers can be installed with less than the radial
clearances between conductors specified in Table 2, Cases
16 and 17, and with less than the centerline and surface of
pole clearances specified in Table 1, Cases 8 and 9
respectively.
Note: Added January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

H. Clearances from Hardware on Wood Poles or Wood

Structures

On wood poles or wood structures, all ground wires, conductor

or cable sheaths (concentric wire, metallic braids and tapes, or
other metallic coverings), metallic conduits of risers or runs and
the metallic hardware used for attaching such conduits, and
metallic hardware used for attaching wood and U–shaped plastic
ground moulding (excluding plastic conduit) to wood poles or
wood structures shall have a clearance of not less than 1.5
inches from guy hardware, bolts, braces, pole steps, and other
metallic hardware not associated with the risers or runs. In cases
where it is not practicable to obtain at least 1.5 inches of air–gap
and creepage distance, suitable insulating material (sheeting,
conduit, etc.) meeting the minimum insulating efficiency, as
required by Rule 22.8–B, of 12 kV/in. dry shall be used to
provide the necessary creepage distance of 1.5 inches.
Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707; March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; July 26, 1966 by
Decision No. 71009; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984; May
22, 1990 by Resolution SU–5 and Renumbered January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

V-59
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Rule 54.6-I

I. Attachment of Protective Covering

Protective covering shall be attached to poles, structures,

crossarms, and other supports by means of corrosion–resistant
materials (straps, plumbers tape, lags, nails, staples, screws,
bolts, etc.) which are adequate to maintain such covering in a
fixed position.

Where such covering consists of wood moulding, rigid plastic

moulding, or other suitable protective moulding, the distance
between the attachment materials (straps, plumbers tape, lags,
nails, staples, screws, bolts, etc.) shall not exceed 36 inches on
either side of the moulding.

When moulding is utilized that is subject to expansion due to

temperature variation, a gap shall be provided between each
section (at joints). All gaps between sections shall be covered
by material equal to the moulding being utilized to prevent
contact with conductors or cables covered by such moulding.

When building wood box moulding, to prevent damage to the

covered cable or conductor, due care shall be exercised to avoid
the possibility of nails protruding through any inner surface of
such covering.
Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455 and January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

54.7 Climbing and Working Space

This rule is not applicable to non–climbable poles. See Rule 22.6–D

for definition.

Climbing space shall be maintained from the ground level. Climbing

space, measured from center line of pole, shall be provided on one
side or in one quadrant of all poles or structures with dimensions as
specified in the following:

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 Rule 54.7-A

Rules
Wood Crossarm Construction 54.7–A 1 & 2
Without Wood Crossarms More than 750 Volts 54.11–F
(Vertical and Triangular Construction)
Low Voltage Rack Construction 54.9–F
Low Voltage Extended Rack Construction 54.12–F
Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral 54.10–F
Construction
Poles Jointly Used 84.7 & 93
Allowable Obstructions of These Climbing Spaces 54.7–A 3
54.9–F
54.10–F3
54.11–G
54.12–F3
84.7–E
Working Space (All Types of Construction) 54.7–B

The dimensions specified in the above rules may be reduced not

more than 2% because of line angles and minor field variations.

The climbing space required by Rules 54.7–A and 54.11–F may be

shifted laterally not more than 5 inches. However, the midpoint of
the side of the climbing space coinciding with the center line of the
pole shall not be more than 5 inches from the center line of the pole,
and the minimum distance of any unprotected conductor (or other
energized unprotected part) from centerline of pole shall be
maintained (See Table 1, Case 8).

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

A. Climbing Space (Wood Crossarm Construction)

The climbing space shall be maintained in the same position

for a distance of not less than 4 feet vertically both above
and below each conductor level through which it passes. To
comply with this requirement, the position of the climbing
space shall not be changed through conductor levels which
are less than 4 feet apart. Where the vertical distance
between consecutive conductor levels is 4 feet or more, and
less than 8 feet, the position of the climbing space through
such consecutive level may be shifted not more than one–
quarter (90 degrees) of the distance around the pole.

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 54.7-A

Where a single level of circuitry is installed at the top of a pole,

the climbing space shall extend up to the level of such pole top
circuitry and need not be provided through and above such level.
Where a conductor is installed at the top of a pole under the
provisions of Rule 54.4–D8, the climbing space shall extend up to
the level of such pole top conductor but need not be provided
through and above such level.

(1) Dimensions where Line Arms Only Are Involved:

The climbing space where line arms without related buck arms
are involved on poles or structures shall be on one side or face
of the pole, with the center line of pole approximately midway
on one side of the climbing space (See Figure 54–5.), and
shall have the following dimensions:

Voltage of Conductors Dimensions of Square

0 – 7,500 Volts 30 inches
7,500 – 46,000 Volts 36 inches
More than 46,000 Volts 36 inches plus 1/2 inch per kV
in excess of 46 kV
Cl i m bi ng Space
Li ne Arm s Onl y
Rul e 54.7-A1

Figure 54-5

(2) Dimensions Where Buck Arms Are Involved: The

climbing space where line arms and related buck arms are
involved on poles or structures shall be on one side orface
of the pole, or in a quadrant as defined below:

(a) Where the Vertical Clearance between

Conductors on Line and Buck Arms is Four Feet or
More: The climbing space shall be provided on one side
or face of the pole for each arm as specified in Rule
54.7–A1.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.7-A2c

(b) Where the Vertical Clearance between

Conductors on Line and Buck Arms is Less than
Four Feet: The climbing space shall be provided
through such levels and located in a quadrant and shall
have at least the following dimensions (See Figure 54–
6).

Voltage of Conductors Dimensions of Square

0 – 7,500 Volts 30 inches
7,500 – 35,000 Volts 42 inches

For circuitry located at pole top, the climbing space

specified in Rule 54.7–A1 may be applied to the lower arm
and up to but not through the conductors on the top arm
(See Figure 54–7).
Climbing Space Line and Buck Arms Less than 4 Foot Separation
Rule 54.7-A2b

Pole Top or (Optional)

Below Pole Top At Pole Top

Figure 54-6 Figure 54-7

(c) For Combination Arm Construction with Line and

Buck Arms or Service Buck Arm (see Rule
54.8–E for requirements where service drops are
involved):

Where the vertical separation between conductor

levels on line and buck arms is 4 feet or more, the
climbing space shall be provided on one side or
face of the pole for each level as specified in Rule
54.7–A1.

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May 2018
Rule 54.7-A2c

Where the vertical separation between conductor

levels on line and buck arms is less than 4 feet
such separation shall not be less than 2 feet, and
the climbing space shall not be less than
prescribed in Rule 54.7–A2b and the dimensions
shall be in accordance with the highest voltage
adjacent to the climbing quadrant (See Figure 54–
8).
Rule 54.7-A2c

Voltage of Conductors Dimensions of Square

0 – 7,500 Volts 30 inches
7,500 – 35,000 Volts 42 inches

Figure 54–8
Below Pole Top
Climbing Space Combination Arm Construction Less than 4 Foot Separation

(3) Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions: Allowable

climbing space obstructions are:

(a) Crossarms and their supporting members.

(b) Insulators and their attaching brackets which support

line conductors may extend one–half of their diameter
into the climbing space.

V-64
May 2018
 Rule 54.7-A3j

(c) Conductors may extend one–half of their diameter into

the climbing space.

(d) Suitably protected (covered only by wood, see Rule

22.8):

1) Vertical risers; or
2) Vertical runs; or
3) Ground wires.

Such risers, runs, and grounds are allowable provided

that not more than one is installed in any 4–foot
section of climbing space.

(e) Guys (except those guys metallically contacting metal

pins or deadend hardware as specified in Rule 52.7–
D). However, not more than two guys having a vertical
separation of 18 inches or less can be installed in any
4–foot section of climbing space.

(f) Street light brackets may extend one–half their

diameter into climbing space. Associated street light
bracket struts are allowed in climbing space.

(g) Operating rods (e.g. switch rods) may extend one– half
their diameter into climbing space.

(h) Band(s), limited to 6 inches in total width are allowed

in any 24-inch section of climbing space. These
limitations are excluded for pole stubbing and pole
splicing bands when pole step provisions are installed.

(i) Pole restoration materials are allowed in climbing

space provided pole steps are placed in the
restoration area as part of the process. Pole
stepping shall be in accordance with Rule 91.3-B.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

(j) Bolts and their washers. However, bolts bonded to or

used for the attachment of deadend hardware of
circuits above 750 volts in wood crossarm configuration
that project into the climbing space shall be covered
with a non-conductive material as specified in Rule
22.8-C. If such bolts are bonded, a positive electrical
contact shall be made.

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 Rule 54.7-A3j

EXCEPTIONS: The covering of bolts required by

this rule shall not apply to:

1) Bolts associated with circuits of

more than 7500 volts when located
at the top level of a pole.

2) Bolts associated with brackets

and non–wood crossarms.

Modifications of these requirements in Rule 54.7–A3 are

specified in: Rule 54.9–F for rack construction; Rule
54.10–F3 for multiconductor cable with bare neutral
construction; Rule 54.11–G for triangular and vertical
construction without wood crossarms; Rule 54.12–F3 for
extended rack construction; and Rule 58.3–A3 for
switches.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25, October 9,1996 by Resolution SU–40, January 13, 2005 by Decision
No. 0501030.

B. Working Space (All Types of Construction)

Working spaces, unobstructed by conductors or other

equipment except as provided in Rule 54.7–B2, of the
dimensions as specified in Rule 54.7–B1, shall be provided
between supply conductor levels on all poles and in such
positions that the working spaces include the climbing space.

(1) Dimensions of Working Space:

(a) The vertical dimensions of working space above and

below supply conductor levels energized above 750 volts
shall be equal to the entire vertical distance between the
supply conductors involved (e.g. the entire vertical
distance between a 750 - 20,000 volt level and a 0 - 750
volt level).

(b) When there is no supply conductor level below a

conductor level that is energized above 750 volts, the
vertical dimension of working space shall be 6 feet.

(c) The vertical dimension of working space between supply

conductor levels of 0 - 750 volts shall be equal to the
vertical distance between such levels.

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 Rule 54.7-B2b

(d) The width of the working space where wood crossarms

are involved shall extend from the climbing space to the
outmost conductor position on the crossarm involved.
The depth of the working space shall have the same
dimension as the climbing space. This dimension shall be
measured horizontally from the centerline of pole on the
climbing side of pole. (See Figures 54–9 A, B and C.)

(e) The width of the working space of supply circuits above

750 volts where wood crossarms are not involved (e.g.,
vertical and triangular construction without wood
crossarms) shall extend from the climbing space to the
outmost conductor position on the conductor support
involved. The depth of the working space shall have the
same dimension as the climbing space and shall be
measured from the centerline of pole (See Figure 54–9 D
and 54–9H). When conductors above 750 volts are
located on one side of the pole only (e.g., vertical
construction) the dimensions of working space shall be
applied as illustrated in Figures 54–9 E and 54–9F
(dimension “A” is equal to the distance from the climbing
space to the outmost conductor position). When climbing
space is located in a quadrant, working space shall be
applied as illustrated in Figure 54–9 G.

(f) The width and depth of the working space for supply
circuits of 0 - 750 volts where wood crossarms are not
involved shall be the same width and depth as the
climbing space.

(2) Allowable Working Space Obstructions:

(a) Taps from conductors on line arms or other supports,

extending to conductors on related buck arms or other
supports, may pass through the working space between
such levels of conductors.

(b) Service drops of 0 - 750 volts may pass through the

working space of conductors supported on the same
crossarm with the drop conductors and may pass through
working space of 750 - 7,500 volt conductors provided not
less than the clearances between service drop and line
conductors specified in Rule 54.8–C6 are maintained.

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Rule 54.7-B2c

(c) Cutouts, disconnects, switches, lightning arresters and

their leads may be installed in the working space (but not
in the climbing space).

(d) Lead wires to transformers, capacitors, oil switches,

vacuum switches, and other similar apparatus may pass
through the working space adjacent to the line
conductors to which such leads are attached.

(e) Terminal fittings of risers and runs, and their taps, may
extend into the working space provided these fittings are
the only obstruction of the working space at their level on
the same side of the climbing space.

(f) Street lights and their associated hardware may

extend into the working space.

Note: Rule 54.7 completely revised May 22, 1990 by Resolution SU–5; November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15 and October 9,
1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 54.7-B2f

Rule 54.7-B
Working Space With Wood Crossarms

Depth

Width

(A) (B)

(C)
Without Wood Crossarms (e.g. Metallic Brackets, Arms, Supports, Etc.)

Depth

Width A A A
(D) (E)

(F)

Working Space

Climbing Space

(H)

(G) Figure 54-9

V-69
May 2018
 Rule 54.8

54.8 Service Drops, 0 - 750 Volts

A. Material and Size

Supply service drops of 0 - 750 volts shall be of material and

size as specified in Table 8 and Rule 49.4–C7a.

Note: Resolution No. E–756 effective May 29, 1951 authorized the use of multiple conductor service drop cable with a bare
neutral conductor for service drops of 0 - 750 volts provided that the attachment of such cable at the pole and building
ends shall be by means of an insulator.

B. Clearances above Ground, Buildings, Etc.

The vertical clearances of supply service drops above ground,

buildings, etc., shall be not less than the minimum clearances
specified in Rule 37, Table 1, Column B, with the following
modifications:

(1) Above Public Thoroughfares: Service drop conductors

shall have a vertical clearance of not less than 18 feet
above public thoroughfares, except that this clearance may
grade from 18 feet at a position not more than 12 feet
horizontally from the curb line to a clearance of not less
than 16 feet at the curb line, provided the clearance at the
centerline of any public thoroughfare shall in no case be
less than 18 feet. Where there are no curbs the foregoing
provisions shall apply using the outer limits of possible
vehicular movement in lieu of a curb line.

(2) Above Private Thoroughfares and Other Private

Property:

(a) Industrial or Commercial Premises: Over private

driveways, lanes, or other private property areas
accessible to vehicles on premises used for industrial
or commercial purposes, service drops shall have a
vertical clearance of not less than 16 feet.

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 Rule 54.8-B4b

(b) Residential Premises: Over private driveways or

lanes or other private property areas accessible to
vehicles on premise used for residential purposes only,
service drops shall have a vertical clearance not less
than 12 feet.

EXCEPTION: This clearance may be reduced for

insulated services that conform with
Rule 20.9–G to not less than 10 feet.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU-10.

(3) Above Ground in Areas Accessible to Pedestrians

Only:

Over areas accessible to pedestrians only service drops shall

be maintained at a vertical clearance of not less than 12
feet.

EXCEPTION: This clearance may be reduced for insulated

services that conform with Rule 54.8-A, to
not less than 8 feet 6 inches.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030..

(4) From Buildings and Structures: Service drops should be

arranged so as not to hamper or endanger workers and
firefighters while performing their duties.

(a) Vertical Clearances: Service drop vertical clearances

shall be maintained over all portions of buildings and
structures as required by Table 10.

Note: Revised October 2, 1951 by Resolution No. E–762; January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455; and January 21, 1992, by
Resolution SU–10.

(b) Horizontal Clearances: Service drops are not

required to clear buildings by any specific horizontal
distance.

EXCEPTION: A horizontal distance of not less than 3

feet should be maintained around fire
escapes, exits, windows or doors.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 54.8-B, Table 10

Table 10: Minimum Allowable Clearance of Service Drops of 0 - 750 Volts from
Buildings

Minimum Clearance from

Buildings
Weather Resistant Insulated
Covered Conductors
Conductors (Rule 20.9–
0 - 750 Volts G)
0 - 750 Volts
Vertical Clearances Above:
1) All portions of buildings including 8 Feet (a) (b)
metallic or non–metallic cornice, decorative
appendage, eaves, roof or parapet wall of
the building served.
2) Metallic or non–metallic non–walkable 8 Feet (a) (b)
overhang, patio cover or other structure.
3) Other buildings on the same premises. 8 Feet 2 Feet
4) Buildings on other premises. 8 Feet 8 Feet (c)
Horizontal & Radial Clearances:
1) From fire escapes, exits, windows and 3 Feet 3 Feet
doors.
(a) Minimum clearance of 0.5 inches.

(b) The point of attachment of the service drop for industrial and commercial premises is not
to be more than 18 inches back of the front face of the building wall facing the pole line
from which the service drop originates.

(c) Reduce to 2 feet for non–metallic roofs when roof slope exceeds 9 inches of rise per
12 inches of run (see sketch).

Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984; January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455; July 22, 1968 by
Decision No. 74342; January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10, November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15 and
January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.
Run = 12"

Rise = 9"

(5) Over Swimming Pools: (See Rule 54.4–A3 and Figure

54–1).

Note: Added January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109 and Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

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 Rule 54.8-C1b

C. Clearances between Supply Service Drops and Other

Conductors

The clearances of supply service drop conductors from other

conductors shall be not less than the minimum clearances
specified in Rule 38, Table 2, Column D, with the following
modifications:

(1) From Fire Alarm or Other Communication Line

Conductors:

(a) Crossings in Spans: At crossings in spans, supply

service drop conductors may have a clearance of less
than 48 inches (Table 2, Case 3, Column D; and Case
4, Column C) but not less than 24 inches above any
communication line conductors or below
communication line conductors not supported on a
messenger, provided the crossing is 6 feet or more
from any pole which does not support both
conductors involved in the crossing (See App. G,
Figure 42).

(b) Supported on the Same Pole: Supply service drop

conductors, other than those on a pole–top clearance
attachment, may have a clearance of less than 48
inches (Table 2, Case 8, Column D; and Case 9,
Column C) above or below communication line
conductors supported by the same pole and not on a
messenger provided such clearance is 6 feet or more
from any pole which does not support both conductors
involved, and provided clearances at least equal to
those shown in Table 11 are maintained.

Table 11: Minimum Radial Clearance between Supply Service Drop Conductors
and Communication Line Conductors Not on Messengers
Minimum Radial Clearance
(Inches)
Radial Distance of Crossing from Supporting Pole From Police and From Other
(Feet) Fire Alarm Communication
Conductors Conductors
5 or less 6 12
10 or less, but more than 5 9 18
15 or less, but more than 10 15 24
20 or less, but more than 15 21 24
More than 20 24 24

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 Rule 54.8-C1b

Supply service drop conductors may have a clearance of

less than 48 inches (as specified in Table 2, Case 8,
Column D; and Case 9, Column C) but not less than 24
inches above and laterally from communication line
conductors supported on a messenger by the same pole
provided such clearance is 6 feet or more from any pole
which does not support both conductors. The vertical
clearances of not less than 24 inches above or 48 inches
below communication conductors supported on
messengers are not required where the supply service
drop conductors are 24 inches or more horizontally from
the vertical plane of the communication messenger (see
App. G, Figure 42).

(2) On Clearance Crossarms: Supply service drops may be

supported on a clearance crossarm at a vertical distance
less than 48 inches (specified in Table 2, Case 8, Column
D, and Case 9, Column C) but not less than 24 inches
above or below either supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts or
communication circuits not supported on a messenger, or
above communication or supply circuits which are
supported on a messenger, provided the supply service
drop unprotected conductors are at least 25 inches
horizontally from the centerline of the pole or are attached
to suitable brackets (at least 25 inches from center line of
pole) on each end of the clearance arm and carried on the
underside of the clearance arm from end to end in fiber or
plastic conduit or under wood protective covering as
specified in Rule 54.6–C. The installation of service drops
in accordance with this rule will not entail any change in
the communication conductors supported on the pole (see
App. G, Figure 40).

Note: Revised June 7, 1965 by Decision No. 69071.

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 Rule 54.8-C6

(3) On Pole Top Extensions: Supply service drops may be

carried in a clearance crossing on pole top extensions or
brackets above either supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts or
communications circuits, with a vertical conductor
clearance less than 48 inches (Table 2, Case 8, Column D;
Case 9, Column C) but not less than 2 feet provided the
service drop conductors clear the centerline of the pole
(projected) not less than 25 inches horizontally, and also
provided the service drop conductors clear the outside pin
position conductors of the other circuit not less than 2
feet. Where, in addition to the pole top bracket or
extension, the supply service drop conductors are
supported on a bracket on the end of the other line
crossarm, a clearance of not less than 12 inches will be
permitted at the points of crossing of line conductors in
the outside pin positions. In such construction the
crossarm of the extension shall be of wood. The
installation of service drops in accordance with this rule
will not entail any change in the communication
conductors supported on the pole (see Appendix G, Figure
41).

(4) From Communication Service Drops: The radial

clearance between supply service drop conductors and
communication service drop conductors may be less than
48 inches as specified in Table 2, Column C, Cases 4 and 9;
Column D, Cases 3 and 8, but shall be not less than 24
inches. Where within 15 feet of the point of attachment of
either service drop on a building, this clearance may be
further reduced but shall be not less than 12 inches.

(5) Above Trolley Contact Conductors: Service drops may

be installed above trolley contact conductors, including
messenger in catenary construction, at a vertical distance
of not less than 4 feet, provided the service drops clear the
top of rails a vertical distance of not less than 26 feet
where the railroad crossed transports standard freight
cars, or not less than 23 feet where the railroad does not
transport standard frights cars (see Rule 74.4–B1).

(6) From Conductors of 750 - 7,500 Volts: Service drops

may cross above or below line conductors of 750 - 7,500
volts supported on the same pole at clearances less than
specified in Table 2, Case 10, Column D, provided such
drops shall be not less than 2 feet vertically or 1 foot
horizontally from the supply line conductors.

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 Rule 54.8-D

D. Clearance from Other Poles

The clearance between service drop conductors and the

centerline of any pole not supporting them shall be not less than
22 1/2 inches (Rule 32.3). In case the pole involved in this
clearance is within 10 feet of a pole supporting the service drop,
this clearance may be less than 22 1/2 inches but shall be not
less than 15 inches.

(1) From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or Traffic Signal

Poles or Standards: Supply service drops of 0 - 750 volts
passing (unattached) nonclimbable street lighting and traffic
signal poles or standards including mastarms, brackets and
lighting fixtures, shall clear a radial distance of 12 inches as
specified in Table 1, Case 10, Column B, except when the
drops are mechanically protected from abrasion by materials
specified in Rule 22.8. Such mechanical protection shall
extend not less than 15 inches in each direction along the
drop from centerline of pole, standard, attaching mastarm or
fixture, whether passing above, below or alongside. The
drops shall be installed in such a manner so as not to
interfere with light distribution from lighting fixtures and
shall not hamper workmen when changing lamps or
maintaining equipment.

Note: Added January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186 and revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

E. Clearances from Conductors on Combination Arms

In combination arm construction the following clearances are

required between service drop conductors of 0 - 750 volts and the
conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts:

(1) 36–Inch Minimum Pole Pin Position Separation: Where

conductors of the two voltage classifications are supported
on opposite ends of a crossarm with a minimum horizontal
separation of 36 inches between pole pin positions, service
drops which are run directly from such crossarm shall not
cross conductors of the 750 - 7,500 volt classification on the
same arm.

(2) 42–Inch Minimum Pole Pin Position Separation:

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 Rule 54.8-E2b

(a) Services from Line Arms: Where conductors of the

two voltage classifications are supported on opposite
ends of the crossarm with a minimum horizontal
separation of 42 inches between pole pin positions,
service drops may be run directly from the 0 – 750 volt
portion of a line arm and may cross below conductors of
750 - 7,500 volts on the same arm. Under these
conditions the vertical separation at the point of crossing
shall be not less than 2 feet, and the point of crossing
shall be not less than 6 feet radially from the centerline
of pole.

(b) Services from Buck Arms: Where conductors of the

two voltage classifications are supported on opposite
ends of the buck arm with a minimum horizontal
separation of 42 inches between pole pin positions and
not less than 2 feet vertical separation between line arm
conductor level and buck arm conductor level, service
drops may be run from line buck arms or service buck
arms, provided:

Such service drops shall clear conductors of 750

-7,500 volts by not less than 2 feet vertically at
the point of crossing;

Such service drops shall not pass through the

climbing space specified in Rule 54.7–A3c;

Such service drops shall not cross under the 750

- 7,500 volt end of the line arm within the third
pin position; and;

Where such service drops are run from double

buck arms, or from single buck arms installed
on the side of the pole below the 750 - 7,500
volt portion of the related line arm, the pole–pin
position on the 750 - 7,500 volt end of the line
arm shall be left vacant.

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 Rule 54.8-F

F. From Racks

Service drops may be run directly from low voltage racks on poles.
Where multiple conductor service cable is used, the cable grip shall
be attached to the neutral insulator of the rack on the pole or
suitable insulation shall be used between the point of attachment
on the rack or pole and the surface of the cable, except where the
rack hardware is effectively grounded through the medium of a
metal pole.

G. Service / Clearance Poles (See Rule 22.6-F For Definition)

(1) Service / Clearance Poles Shall Support Only:

(a) 0 - 750 Volt conductors (See Rule 54.8–G2)

(b) Service drops

(c) Associated risers and runs

(d) Associated guys

(e) Lighting and its associated equipment

(f) Communication facilities

(2) Construction Requirements:

(a) All supply service drop strength requirements may be

applied to 0 - 750 volt conductors (secondary) installed
under this Rule.

(b) Span lengths shall not exceed 150 feet.

(c) Supply conductors (secondary) installed between

service / clearance poles shall meet the 0 - 750 volt
conductor clearance requirements of Rule 37, Table 1,
Column D and Rule 38, Table 2, Column D.

(d) Multiple service drops, risers and street lights may be

served from 0 - 750 volt conductor (secondary) installed
under this Rule.

Note: 54.8G added November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15

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 Rule 54.9-B2

54.9 Low Voltage Racks, 0 - 750 Volts (Conductors Less than 15

Inches from Centerline of Pole, But Not Less than 2–1/2 Inches
from the Surface of Pole).

A. General

Conductors of 0 - 750 volts may be attached to poles by means

of vertical racks of insulators or individual supports in vertical
rack configuration. Such construction is hereinafter termed
“rack construction.” Where rack construction is employed, the
following rules shall apply.

Note: For low voltage extended rack construction (conductors 15 inches or more from centerline of pole, but not less than 3
inches from the surface of pole) see Rule 54.12.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

B. Pole Arrangement and Clearance

(1) Clearance from Poles: Conductors of 0 - 750 volts in

rack construction may have clearances less than 15 inches
from centerline and 3 inches from surface of pole, as
specified in Table 1, Column D, Cases 8 and 9,
respectively, but shall have a clearance of not less than
2.5 inches from the surface of pole (for interpretation of
this 2.5 inch clearance see Figure 54–20).

(2) Conductor Arrangement: Not more than 7 conductors

of not more than 2 circuits shall be attached to any pole in
a continuous rack group. In a rack group the conductors
shall be of one ownership and the vertical separations
between line conductor attachments shall be uniform.

Conductors, both line and service drop, in rack

configuration shall not be attached to more than 3 sides of
any pole at the level of any one rack group. Climbing space
in conjunction with these attachments shall be maintained
as specified in Rule 54.9–F.

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 Rule 54.9-B2b

Rule 54.9

Tie Wire

2.5" Minimum between Pole

and Nearest Surface of
Conductors, Not Including
Tie Wire

2.5" Minimum

Figure 54-20
Rack Conductor Clearance from Surface of Pole

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 Rule 54.9-E1

C. Conductor Material

All conductors of a rack group in the same vertical plane shall

be of the same material. Where conductors are less than 15
inches from centerline of pole, conductors shall have a
covering not less than the equivalent of weather–resistant
covering.

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

D. Conductor Spacing and Span Length

The vertical separation between conductors supported as a

group in rack construction shall be not less than the following
for span lengths as indicated:

Length of Span (Feet) Minimum Vertical

Separation
(Inches)
150 or Less 6
200 or Less, but More than 150 8
330 or Less, but More than 200 12
More than 330 16

E. Vertical Clearance between Conductor Levels

A vertical clearance of not less than 6 feet shall be maintained

between the top conductor supported in rack construction at
one level and conductors supported on the same pole at the
next level above except as provided in Rule 54.4–C6 for lead
wires and as modified below:

(1) With Guard Arm below Conductors of 750 - 22,500

Volts: The vertical clearance between the top conductor
in a rack group and conductors of 750 - 22,500 volts at
the next conductor level above, may be less than 6 feet
but shall not be less than 4 feet. If a clearance of less
than 6 feet is used, all of the following requirements shall
be met:

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 Rule 54.9-E1a

(a) In tangent construction, a guard arm shall be installed

directly above and approximately parallel to the top line
conductor of such a rack group. Service drop
conductors supported on a rack with the guard arm
installed directly above and approximately parallel to
the top line conductor of a rack group shall not pass
between the surface of pole and the vertical plane of
the line conductors.

(b) In deadend construction, the guard arm shall be

placed above the rack at a right angle to the line
conductor, provided that no service drop conductor
attached to a rack so guarded makes a horizontal
angle greater than 90 degrees with the vertical plane
of the line conductors.

(c) Conductors in such a rack group, which are so

guarded shall not be attached to more than one side
of any pole.

(d) Any service drop conductors attached to and

supported by the line conductors shall have a
clearance of not less than 15 inches from surface of
pole (see Figure 54–21).

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 September 18, 1967 by
Decision No. 72984, and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 54.9-E1d

Rule 54.9

750 - 22,500 Volts

4 Feet Minimum

A A

0 - 750 Volt
Service Drop

0 - 750 Volt Line Conductor

Service drops
less than 15" from
surface of pole
not permitted
on this side
of vertical Service Drops
plane of line
conductors
Rule 54.9-E1 15" Min.

Section
A-A

Figure 54-21

Supply Service Drops Clearances from Guarded Rack Conductors

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 Rule 54.9-E2

(2) Conductors Deadended Under Equipment: No guard

arm will be required over conductors in rack configuration
deadended on the surface of a pole directly below
equipment (e.g., transformer, capacitor and other similar
apparatus). Such conductors shall have a vertical
clearance of not less than:

(a) 4 Feet below unprotected line conductors; and

(b) As specified in Rule 54.4–C6 below the lowest point of

the drip loop of the primary leads to the
transformer(s); and

(c) 10 Inches below the lowest part of the equipment

case(s) or hanger(s).

(See Figure 54–22)

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 Rule 54.9-E2c

Rule 54.9

750 - 22,500 Volts

48" Min.
*
10" Min.
A A

0 - 750 Volts

* See Rule 54.4-C6

60° Max.

60° Max.
Service Drops
Section A-A and/or Line Conductors

Figure 54-22
Low Voltage Racks Conductor Clearance below Transformers

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 Rule 54.9-E3

(3) Related Rack and Crossarm or Extended Rack: Where

conductors supported in rack construction are connected to
conductors supported on a crossarm or extended rack on
the same pole, the vertical clearance between the level of
conductors of 0 - 750 volts on the crossarm or extended
rack and the nearest conductor in rack construction shall
not be less than 2 feet and climbing space shall be
maintained in the same quadrant or on the same side of
pole through both conductor levels in accordance with
climbing space requirements in Rules 54.7 and 54.9–F. This
provision is not applicable where the crossarm is a
combination arm.

(4) Multiconductor Cable with a Bare Neutral:

Multiconductor Cable with a Bare Neutral. 0 - 750 volts
(Rule 54.10) may be installed with a minimum vertical
separation above or below conductors in rack
configuration of 10 inches for spans not to exceed 200
feet and 12 inches for spans in excess of 200 feet.

EXCEPTION: When rack construction is present, the most

stringent climbing space requirements of Rule
54.9–F shall be maintained through both levels.

F. Climbing Space in Rack Construction (See Figure 54–23)

Climbing space shall be maintained through the levels of

conductors supported in rack construction, for a vertical
distance of not less than 4 feet above the top conductor and not
less than 4 feet below the bottom conductor so supported.
Where conductors in rack construction are installed at pole top,
the climbing space shall extend up to the level of the lowest
conductor of the rack group, and need not be provided through
and above such levels.

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 Rule 54.9-F

The width of the climbing space measured horizontally through

the centerline of the pole shall not be less than 5 inches plus
the diameter of the pole and the extremities of such width shall
be equidistant from the centerline of pole. The depth of the
climbing space shall not be less than 30 inches measured
perpendicularly to this climbing space boundary through the
centerline of pole. The width of the climbing space,
perpendicular to and at the extremity of this 30 inch–depth
dimension, shall not be less than 38 inches and neither of the
other two side boundaries shall make an angle of less than 90
degrees with the boundary through the centerline of pole (see
Figure 54–23.)

The position of the climbing space through the levels of

conductors in rack construction shall be related to climbing
spaces through the levels of conductors on crossarms in
accordance with the requirements of Rule 54.7–A, Extended
Rack Rule 54.12–F and Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral
Rule 54.10–F. The climbing spaces through the levels of
conductors of two or more rack groups which are separated
less than 6 feet shall be maintained in the same quadrant or on
the same side of pole.

Guys, vertical conductors attached to the surfaces of poles, and

terminals are not permitted in climbing spaces through
conductors in rack construction.

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 54.9-F

Rule 54.9

Secondary Line
Service Drop

C = 38’’

Line Conductor
A = D+5" = D+(2 X 2.5")
B = 30" Minimum
C = 38" Minimum B = 30’’
D = Pole Diameter
E = Not Less than 90°
E E
Service Drop

D
Jumper or Tap
from Line to
2.5’’ Min. 2.5’’ Min.
Service Conductors
A
38’’

30’’
38’’

30’’

38’’

30’’ 38’’

30"

Alternate Arrangement
of Line Conductors

Figure 54-23
Climbing Space Low Voltage Racks 0 - 750 Volts

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 Rule 54.10-B1

54.10 Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral, 0 - 750

Volts

A.General

The following rules cover requirements for 0-750 volt bare

neutral multiconductor cable (when used as line conductor) and
are supplemental to the other rules of this order.

The term “messenger”, as defined in Rule 22.3 when used in

Rule 54.10, includes the bare neutral conductor whenever such
conductor serves both as a conductor and also as a principal
supporting member of the cable.

The term “unprotected conductors”, used in Rule 54.10, means

conductors as defined in Rule 20.9–E.

The vertical clearances from primary lead wires and drip loops
to bare neutral multiconductor cable shall be maintained as
specified in Rule 54.4–C6.

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

B. Conductor Arrangement and Clearances

(1) Clearance from Poles: Bare neutral multiconductor cables

may have clearances less than 15 inches from centerline
and 3 inches from surface of pole, as specified in Table 1,
Column D, Cases 8 and 9, respectively, but shall have a
clearance of not less than 2.5 inches from the surface of
pole and shall be supported on an insulator.

Note: Revised January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186.

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 Rule 54.10-B2

(2) Clearance (Unattached) from Nonclimbable Street

Lighting or Traffic Signal Poles or Standards:
Multiconductor cables passing (unattached) nonclimbable
street lighting and traffic signal poles or standards,
including mastarms, brackets, and lighting fixtures may
have a clearance less than 36 inches as specified in Table
1, Case 10, Column D, when the conductors are
mechanically protected from abrasion by materials
specified in Rule 22.8. Such mechanical protection shall
extend not less than 15 inches in each direction along the
cable from centerline of pole, standard, attaching mastarm
or fixture whether passing above, below or alongside. The
conductors shall be installed in such a manner so as not to
interfere with light distribution from lighting fixtures and
shall not hamper workmen changing lamps or maintaining
equipment.

Note: Added January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186 and revised March 9. 1988 by Resolution E–3076. Renumbered (old
54.10-B6) October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40

(3) Clearance between Conductors in Bare Neutral

Multiconductor Cables: No specified clearance is
required between the insulated phase conductors and the
bare neutral (see Rule 57.4–C). The multiconductor cable
shall be treated as a single conductor in the application of
other clearance requirements.

(4) Arrangement at Transitions from Bare Neutral

Multiconductor Cable to Other Types of
Construction (e.g., Extended Rack, Rack or Crossarm):
The vertical clearance of 2 feet required by Rule 54.10–
C4, between a cable and other unprotected line
conductors, shall not be held to apply at locations where
multiconductor cable terminates (ends) and the cable
transitions to other types of construction of the same
voltage classification (0 - 750 volts). The following vertical
clearance requirements shall apply:
(a) Where those other conductors are terminated (end) in
another direction, no specified vertical clearance is
required (see Figure 54–13).
(b) Where those other conductors are in tangent
configuration (not terminated) and the type of
construction is:

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 Rule 54.10-B5

1) Extended Rack Construction: The minimum

vertical clearance above or below unprotected
conductors shall be 8 inches and the
multiconductor cable shall have a minimum
clearance of 15 inches from the centerline of
pole. The multiconductor cable may be either
terminated directly on an extended rack neutral
position insulator or on its own individual
insulator.

2) Rack Construction: The minimum vertical

clearance above or below unprotected conductors
shall be 10 inches. The multiconductor cable may
be either terminated directly on a rack neutral
position insulator or on its own individual
insulator.

3) Crossarm Construction: The minimum vertical

clearance above or below unprotected
conductors shall be 2 feet. The multiconductor
cable may be terminated on the end of a
crossarm and no specified vertical clearance is
required (see Figure 54–18).

The climbing space shall be determined and maintained in

the same quadrant or on the same side of the pole in
accordance with climbing space requirements in Rules
54.7, 54.9–F, 54.10–F or 54.12–F, whichever is related to
the climbing space selected.

(5) Arrangement for Deadend Construction: On poles

with the messenger deadended in more than one
direction, the grounded messenger or insulated phase
conductors of the multiconductor cable shall not be
attached to more than two sides of the pole and shall not
be less than 2.5 inches from the surface of the pole. The
climbing space shall be determined by Rule 54.10–F. (see
Figure 54–17).

Note: Added January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186 and revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076. Rule 54.10-B
reformatted October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 54.10-C

C. Vertical Clearance between Conductor Levels

When attached to poles, crossarms, or other supports at less

than 15 inches from centerline of pole, bare neutral
multiconductor cable shall be not less than 6 feet vertically
above or 6 feet vertically below unprotected conductors, except
as modified below:

(1) With Guard Arm Placed above Cable: Where a guard

arm is placed above bare neutral multiconductor cable in
accordance with the provisions of Rule 57.7, the vertical
clearance of 6 feet may be reduced to not less than 4 feet
below unprotected conductors of 750 - 22,500 volts.

(2) Cable Attached 15 Inches or More from Center Line

of Pole: When bare neutral multiconductor cable is
attached (or supported) 15 inches or more from the center
line of pole, the vertical clearance of 6 feet may be
reduced to not less than 4 feet below unprotected
conductors of 750 - 22,500 volts. When the vertical
clearance is reduced to less than 6 feet, all portions of
service drops attached at that level shall be 15 inches or
more from the centerline of pole.

(3) Cable Deadended under a Transformer: No guard arm

will be required over bare neutral multiconductor cable
deadended on the surface of a pole directly below a
transformer installation. Such cable shall have a vertical
clearance of not less than:
(a) 4 Feet below unprotected line conductors; and
(b) As specified in Rule 54.4–C6 below, the lowest point
of the drip loop of primary leads to the
transformer(s); and
(c) 10 Inches below the lowest part of the transformer
case(s) or hangers(s).

(4) Cable Above and Below Other Types of

Construction of the Same 0 - 750 Voltage
Classification: Where a bare neutral multiconductor
cable is supported on the same pole above or below
another conductor level of the same voltage classification
that is supported on:

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 Rule 54.10-C6

(a) Crossarms or Extended Racks: The vertical

clearance between these levels of conductors shall
not be less than 2 feet and no guard arm is required
(see Figures 54–14 through 54–17); or on

(b) Racks (Rule 54.9): The vertical clearance between

these levels of conductors shall not be less than 10
inches for spans not exceeding 200 feet and 12
inches for spans in excess of 200 feet and no guard
arm is required.
The climbing space shall be determined and
maintained in the same quadrant or on the same side
of pole through both conductor levels in accordance
with climbing space requirements in Rules 54.7,
54.10–F, or 54.12–F, whichever rule is related to the
climbing space selected (see Figures 54–13 through
54–18).

EXCEPTION: When rack construction is present,

the more stringent climbing space
requirements of Rule 54.9–F shall
always be maintained through both
levels.
This provision (Rule 54.10–C4) is not
applicable where the crossarm is a
combination arm.

(5) Multiple Related Bare Neutral Multiconductor

Cables: Where multiple bare neutral multiconductor cables
having the same secondary voltage source (related) are
supported on the same pole, no specified clearance
between such cables is required.
The climbing space shall be maintained in accordance with
climbing space requirements in Rule 54.10–F.

(6) Multiple Unrelated Bare Neutral Multiconductor

Cables: Where multiple bare neutral multiconductor
cables not having the same secondary voltage source
(unrelated) but are of the same voltage classification of 0 -
750 volts, and are supported on the same pole, no
specified vertical clearance between such levels is
required. However, each multiconductor cable shall be
supported on a separate attachment (rack, spool, deadend
clevis, etc.)

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May 2018
 Rule 54.10-C6

The climbing space shall be maintained in accordance with

climbing space requirements in Rule 54.10–F.
Note: Formerly Rule 54.10-E. Renumbered and revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

D. Service Drops

Phase conductors of all service drops taken from bare neutral

multiconductor cables shall have insulation equivalent to that
specified in Rule 54.10–E1.

Where service drops are supported on a multiconductor cable’s

bare neutral messenger, the attachment to the messenger shall
be an abrasion–resistant connection.

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

E. Conductor Material and Strength

(1) Insulation: The phase conductors, and their jumper

connections, excluding jumper connections at the pole,
shall be covered with insulation suitable for the voltage
involved and shall conform with the requirements of Rule
20.9-G. Jumper connections at the pole shall comply with
the clearance requirements of Table 2, Case 17-D.

Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030, and February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

(2) Messenger: Where multiconductor cables are not

maintained by workers using a cable chair, the additional
allowance of the 300 lbs. of vertical load specified in Rule
49.7–B may be reduced to 75 lbs. to allow for the load
imposed by workers on ladders.

F. Climbing Space

(1) Through Bare Neutral Multiconductor Cable Level: A

climbing space shall be maintained through the level of
conductors supported in bare neutral multiconductor cable
construction. Said climbing space shall be maintained for a
vertical distance of not less than 4 feet above and below
such cable. The position of the climbing space through the
levels of conductors in such cable construction shall be
related to the climbing space for conductor levels above
and below the cable in accordance with Rules 54.7–A and
93.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.10-F3f

Where multiconductor cable is installed at pole top, the

climbing space shall extend up to the next level of such
cable and need not be provided through and above such
level.

(2) Dimensions: The dimensions of the climbing space shall

be 30 inches square, and shall be provided in one
quadrant or on one side of the pole. The depth of the
climbing space shall be measured from the centerline of
the pole (see Figures 54–13 through 54–18).

(3) Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions: Allowable

climbing space obstructions are:

(a) Guys. However, not more than two guys having a

vertical separation of 18 inches or less can be
installed in any 4–foot section of climbing space.

(b) Suitably protected (covered only by wood, see Rule

22.8):

1) Vertical risers; or
2) Vertical runs; or
3) Ground wires.

Such risers, runs and grounds are allowable provided

that not more than one is installed in any 4–foot
section of climbing space.

(c) Insulators and their attaching brackets may extend

one–half their diameter into the climbing space.

(d) Conductors may extend one–half their diameter into

the climbing space.

(e) Street light brackets may extend one–half their

diameter into climbing space. Associated street light
bracket struts are allowed in climbing space.

(f) Operating rods (e.g., switch rods) and their

associated hardware may extend one–half their
diameter into climbing space.

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 Rule 54.10-F3g

(g) Bands, limited to 6 inches in width with no more than

one band allowed in any 24–inch section of climbing
space (these limitations are excluded for pole
stubbing and pole splicing bands when pole step
provisions are installed.)

(h) Bolts and their washers.

The terminals or terminal fittings of risers or runs

shall not be installed within climbing space.

Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

V-96
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 Rule 54.10-F3h

Rule 54.10
30" x 30" 30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces
Climbing Spaces
3 Options
2 Options

A 30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces
5 Options

30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces
3 Options

Note: No Specified
Vertical Clearance
is Required.
(Rule 54.10-B4a) D
C
Figure 54-13
Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral 0 - 750 Volts

V-97
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 Rule 54.10-F3h

Rule 54.10

30" x 30" 30" x 30"

Climbing Spaces Climbing Space
3 Options (Secondary Level)
(Secondary Level)

Optional
Transformer
Location
Open Wire
Secondary

Open Wire
Secondary
Cable
Secondary 24"

Cable
Secondary 24" B

A 30" x 30"
30" x 30" Climbing Space
Climbing Space (Secondary Level)
(Secondary Level)

Open Wire Open Wire

Secondary Secondary

Cable Cable
Secondary 24" Secondary 24"

C D
Figure 54-14
Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral 0 - 750 Volts

V-98
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 Rule 54.10-F3h

Rule 54.10

30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces 30" x 30"
3 Options Climbing Spaces
(Secondary Level) 3 Options
(Secondary Level)

Open Wire
Secondary Open Wire
Secondary

24"
24"
Cable
Secondary Cable
Secondary
A
B

30" x 30" 30" x 30"

Climbing Spaces Climbing Spaces
3 Options (Secondary Level)
(Secondary Level)

Open Wire Open Wire

Secondary Secondary

24" 24"
Cable
Secondary
Cable
Secondary
C
D
Figure 54-15
Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral 0 - 750 Volts

V-99
May 2018
 Rule 54.10-F3h

Rule 54.10

30" x 30" 30" x 30"

Climbing Spaces Climbing Space
(Secondary Level) (Secondary Level)

Open Wire Open Wire

Secondary Secondary

24" Cable 24"

Secondary

Cable
Secondary
A B

30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces
3 Options

Guy 15" Min.

30" x 30"
Climbing
Space

24"

C
D
Figure 54-16
Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral 0 - 750 Volts

V-100
May 2018
 Rule 54.10-F3h

Rule 54.10

For Rack
Construction
Climbing Space
Options
See Rule 54.9-F

10" Min.
Rack
Open Wire
Rack Secondary
Open Wire
Secondary
Cable
Cable Secondary
Secondary

A B

Rule 54.10-C4b

30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces
3 Options
Extended Rack Open
Wire Secondary
30" x 30" Climbing Space
2 Options

Optional

Cable Min. 2.5"

Secondary

Min. 2.5"

24"

D
Figure 54-17
Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral 0 - 750 Volts

V-101
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 Rule 54.10-F3h

Rule 54.10-B4b

Rack
Extended
Open Wire
Rack
Secondary
Open Wire
Secondary

Cable
Cable Secondary
Secondary

A B

30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces
2 Options

Figure 54-18
Low Voltage Multiconductor Cable with Bare Neutral 0 - 750
Volts

V-102
May 2018
 Rule 54.11-A

G. Sags

The sags of messengers which support multiconductor cable

shall be such that under the maximum loading conditions, the
tensions in the messengers shall not exceed the safe working
stresses specified in Rule 49.7–B. Where the multiconductor
cables are not maintained by workers using a cable chair, the
300 lbs. additional allowance for vertical loading specified in Rule
49.7–B may be reduced to 75 lbs. to allow for the load imposed
by workers on ladders.

Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

H. Fastenings

Hardware used in connection with messengers shall meet the

strength requirement of Rule 49.7–C. Deadend attachments
used on messengers shall have a strength not less than that of
the messenger. Where cables are not maintained by workers
using a cable chair, the additional allowance of 300 lbs. vertical
load, specified in Rule 49.7–C may be reduced to 75 lbs. to allow
for the load imposed by workmen on ladders.
Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40, andFebruary 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

I. Rule 54.10-I Deleted

Note: Deleted October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

J. Rule 54.10-J Deleted (See Rule 54.10-G)

Note: Deleted October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

Note: Rule 54.10 added January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109 and revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

54.11 Insulators in Vertical and Horizontal Position Without the

Use of Wood Crossarms, More than 750 Volts (Vertical and
Triangular Construction)

A. General
Insulators supporting conductors of more than 750 volts may be
attached to poles in vertical or horizontal position, and where so
attached, the following rules shall apply:

An insulator mounted directly on the side of a pole shall be

considered as in a horizontal position;
An insulator mounted directly at the top of the pole in a
vertical position shall be considered as in a vertical
position.

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 Rule 54.11-B

B. Pole Arrangement and Clearances

(1) Clearances: Conductors and the hardware used to secure
the conductor to the insulator shall have clearances from
the centerline of the pole (as specified in Rule 54.4– D2)
when supported on insulators that are mounted in
horizontal position. Conductors and the hardware used to
secure the conductor to the insulator shall have clearance
from the surface of the pole as specified in Table 1, Case
9, Columns E and F when mounted in a vertical position.

(2) Conductor Arrangement: Not more than one circuit over

750 volts shall be attached to any pole in triangular
configuration. Not more than four conductors of any one
circuit over 750 volts shall be attached to a pole. The
number of circuits attached to a pole, except in triangular
configuration, is not restricted (a circuit is in triangular
configuration only when it consists of one phase on
insulators mounted vertically at the top of the pole and
other phases on insulators mounted horizontally on
opposite sides of the pole).
Conductors over 750 volts shall not be attached to more than
three sides (there being four sides) of any pole at the same
level of any circuit group. Climbing space in conjunction with
these attachments shall be maintained as specified by Rule
54.11–F.

C. Conductor Material
All conductors of the same circuit in the same vertical plane
shall be of the same material.

D. Conductor Spacing
The vertical separation between conductors of the same circuit
supported in the same vertical plane shall be not less than
spacing as indicated in Table 2, Case 20, Columns E, F, G, H and
I.

E. Vertical Clearances between Conductor Levels

The vertical clearance of not less than that specified in Table 2,

Cases 8 through 13, shall be maintained between the lowest
conductor of a circuit group and the conductors supported on the
same pole of the next lower circuit group.

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 Rule 54.11-F1

F. Climbing Space

(1) Where Insulators are in Vertical or Horizontal

Position (Vertical or Triangular Configuration) More
than 750 Volts: Climbing space shall be maintained
through the levels of conductors for a vertical distance of
not less than 4 feet above the top conductor and not less
than 4 feet below the lowest conductor.

EXCEPTION: For a circuit at the top of the pole, the climbing

space shall be maintained to the lowest
conductor of the circuit on the climbing side of
the pole. For a pole top circuit that includes
buck position conductors located within a
vertical distance of 4 feet or less from the
lowest associated line conductor, climbing
space need only be maintained to the lowest
conductor in the buck position on the climbing
side of the pole.

The climbing space shall be a square of horizontal dimensions

tabulated below, and one side of the climbing space shall pass
through the center line of the pole (see Figure 54–10). Where
conductors are deadended (e.g., line and buck or corner
construction) below pole top in triangular configuration, 750 -
46,000 volts, climbing space can be located in a quadrant of the
pole. When quadrant climbing space is used, the dimensions of
the square shall be 42 inches.

V-105
May 2018
 Rule 54.11-F1

Voltage of Conductors Dimensions of Square (Inches)

750 - 46,000 Volts 36
46,000 - 75,000 Volts 48
More than 75,000 Volts 48 plus 1/2” per kV in Excess of 75
kV

Rule 54.11-F1

Figure 54-10
Climbing Space Insulators in Vertical or Horizontal Position without Wood Crossarms

(2) Dimensions of Climbing Space Where Conductors

are Deadended in Vertical Configuration: Climbing
space through conductors shall be a square of the
horizontal dimensions tabulated below, and shall be
located either on one side or a quadrant of the pole (See
Figure 54–11). For a circuit at the top of the pole, refer to
the exception in Rule 54.11–F1.

Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455, May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5, October 9, 1996 by
Resolution SU–40

V-106
May 2018
 Rule 54.11-G4

Voltage of Conductors Dimensions of Square (Inches)

750 - 7,500 Volts 30
7,500 - 46,000 Volts 36
More than 46,000 Volts 36 plus 1/2” per kV in Excess of 46 kV

Rule 54.11-F2

(A) (B) (C)

Single Corner Multi
Deadend Deadend Deadend

Figure 54-11
Climbing Space Dead Ending In Vertical Configuration

G. Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions

Allowable climbing space obstructions in triangular
and vertical configuration without the use of wood
crossarms are:
(1) Crossarms, brackets, and their supporting members.
(2) Insulators which support line conductors, jumpers, and
incidental wires may extend one–half of their diameter
into the climbing space.
(3) Conductors may extend one–half of their diameter into the
climbing space.

(4) Suitably protected (covered only by wood, see Rule 22.8):

(a) Vertical risers; or
(b) Vertical runs; or
(c) Ground wires

V-107
May 2018
 Rule 54.11-G4

Such risers, runs, and grounds are allowable, provided that

not more than one is installed in any 4–foot section of
climbing space.

(5) Guys (except those guys which are metallically contacting

metal pins or deadend hardware as specified in Rule 52.7–
D). However, not more than two guys having a vertical
separation of 18 inches or less can be installed in any 4–
foot section of climbing space.

(6) Street light brackets may extend one–half their diameter

into climbing space. Associated street light bracket struts
are allowed in climbing space.

(7) Operating rods (e.g., switch rods) and their associated

hardware may extend one–half their diameter into
climbing space.

(8) Bands, limited to 6 inches in width with no more than one

band allowed in any 24–inch section of climbing space
(these limitations are excluded for pole stubbing and pole
splicing bands when pole step provisions are installed.)

(9) Bolts and their washers. If bolts are bonded, a secure

electrical contact shall be made. The covering of bolts and
bond wire is not required in triangular and vertical
configuration without the use of wood crossarms.

Modification of these requirements in Rule 54.11–G are

specified in: Rule 54.7–A3 for wood crossarm construction; Rule
54.9–F for rack construction; Rule 54.10–F3 for multiconductor
cable with bare neutral construction; Rule 54.12–F3 for
extended rack construction; and Rule 58.3–A3 for switches.

Note: Rule 54.11 added January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455 and revised July 22, 1968 by Decision No. 74342,
March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076, May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution
SU–40.

54.12 Low Voltage Extended Racks, 0 - 750 Volts (Conductors 15

inches or More from Centerline of Pole, But Not Less than 3 inches
from the Surface of Pole)

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 Rule 54.12-D2

A. General
Conductors of 0 - 750 volts may be attached to poles by means
of vertical racks of insulators or individual extended supports in
vertical rack configuration. Such construction is hereinafter
termed “extended rack construction”. Where extended rack
construction is employed, the following rules shall apply.

Note: For Low Voltage Rack Construction (Conductors less than 15 inches from centerline of pole, but not less than
2–1/2 inches from the surface of pole) See Rule 54.9.

B. Pole Arrangement and Clearance

(1) Clearance from Poles: Conductors in extended rack
construction shall have minimum clearances of 15 inches
from center line of pole and 3 inches from the surface of
pole as specified in Table 1, Column D, Cases 8 and 9,
respectively.
(2) Conductor Arrangement: Where conductors, both line
and service drop, are supported by extended racks, such
extended racks may be attached to three sides of a pole
(there being 4 sides) at the levels of any extended rack
group. Climbing space in conjunction with such
attachments shall be maintained as specified in Rule
54.12–F.

C. Conductor Material
All conductors of a rack group in the same vertical plane shall
be of the same material.

D. Conductor Spacing and Spreader Brackets

(1) Vertical Separation: The vertical separation between
conductors, supported as a group in extended rack
construction, shall not be less than 8 inches, such
separation to be maintained in a span by suitably
insulating spreader brackets attached to such line
conductors within the span.
(2) Spreader Brackets: Spreaders shall be used at points in
spans where one or more midspan service drops are
attached to and supported by the line conductors. Also,
spreaders shall be so spaced as to limit spans between
spreaders or between spreaders and poles to not over 135
feet.

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May 2018
 Rule 54.12-E

E. Vertical Clearance between Conductor Levels

A vertical clearance shall be maintained between the top

conductor supported in the extended rack group at one level
and conductors supported on the same pole at the next level
above as provided in Table 2, Cases 9 to 13 and for lead wires
Rule 54.4–C6.

Related Extended Rack Construction and Other Types of

Construction:

Where conductors supported in extended rack construction are

connected to conductors supported on other types of
construction (crossarm etc.) climbing space shall be maintained
in the same quadrant or on the same side of pole in accordance
with climbing space requirements in Rules 54.7, 54.9, 54.10 or
54.12–F whichever is related to the climbing space selected.

F. Climbing Space in Extended Rack Construction

The climbing space in extended rack construction shall be

maintained through the level of conductors supported in
extended rack construction and for a vertical distance of not
less than 4 feet above and below such conductors. The
position of the climbing space through the level of conductors
in extended rack construction shall be related to climbing
space for conductor levels above and below such extended
rack construction in accordance with Rules 54.7, 54.10, 54.11
and 93. The depth of the climbing space shall be measured
from the center line of the pole.

(1) Dimensions: The dimensions of the climbing space shall

be 30 inches square, and shall be provided on one side of
the pole with the extremities of such width equidistant from
the centerline of pole. On poles on which transformers are
pole–bolted in line with primary conductors, a 30 inch
square climbing space shall be provided in one quadrant or
one side of the pole (See Figure 54–12).

(2) With Conductors Deadended and on Corner Poles:

On poles with the extended rack conductors dead–ended
and on corner poles, a 30 inch climbing space shall be
provided in one quadrant or on one side of the pole (see
Figure 54–12).

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 Rule 54.12-F3h

(3) Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions: Allowable

climbing space obstructions are:
(a) Guys. However, not more than two guys having a
vertical separation of 18 inches or less can be
installed in any 4–foot section of climbing space.
(b) Suitably protected (covered only by wood, see Rule
22.8):

1) Vertical risers; or
2) Vertical runs; or
3) Ground wires

Such risers, runs, and grounds are allowable,

provided that not more than one is installed in any
4– foot section of climbing space.
(c) Insulators and their attaching brackets may extend
one–half their diameter into climbing space.
(d) Conductors may extend one–half their diameter into
climbing space.
(e) Street light brackets may extend one–half their
diameter into climbing space. Associated street light
bracket struts are allowed in climbing space.
(f) Operating rods (e.g., switch rods) and their
associated hardware may extend one–half their
diameter into climbing space.
(g) Bands, limited to 6 inches in width with no more than
one band allowed in any 24–inch section of climbing
space (these limitations are excluded for pole stubbing
and pole splicing bands when pole step provisions are
installed.)
(h) Bolts and their washers.
The terminals or terminal fittings of risers or runs shall not
be installed within climbing spaces.

Note: Rule 54.12 Added January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10 and revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 54.12-F3h

Rule 54.12-F

Services
Transformer
15" Secondary
Min.
Spreader
Bracket Spreader
Bracket
30" x 30"
Extended
Climbing Extended Services
Space
Rac
Rack
k Secondary

Services
Tangent Or Angle Transformer 30"x 30"
Climbing
Space
15"
Min Extension Bracket
.

30" x 30"
Services
Climbing Spaces
4 Options
Tangent Or Angle

Guy Tension Span

Slack Span Extended

Rack

Slack Span Secondary

Service Service

Extended Rack Secondary

30"x 30"
Transformer Climbing
Space
15"
Min Extended Rack
. Servic
Service
e
Secondary
Junction

Note: Maintain 15 inch minimum clearance from centerline of pole with all service drops.

Figure 54-12
Climbing Space in Extended Rack Construction

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May 2018
 Rule 54.12-F3h

Rule 54.12-F

Extended 30" x 30"

Rack
Climbing Spaces
2 Options
Services

Secondary

Transformer
15"
Min. Extension Bracket
Services

Deadend

Service
Extended
Rack
30"x 30"
Climbing Service
Secondary Space

15" Extension
Min. Bracket

Services
Deadend

Secondary or
Service Drop
Extended Rack Extended Rack

Secondary Secondary

30" x 30"
Climbing Spaces
3 Options
3-way Deadend

Note: Maintain 15 inch minimum clearance from centerline of pole with all service drops.

Figure 54-12
Climbing Space in Extended Rack Construction

V-113
May 2018
 Rule 55

55 Conductor Insulators

55.1 Material

Insulators used on supply lines shall be porcelain, glass or other

equally suitable material.

55.2 Strength (See Rule 49.5)

55.3 Voltage Requirements

Insulators used on supply lines shall be so designed that their dry

flash–over voltage is not more than 75% of their puncture voltage
at operating frequencies.

A. Pin Type

All pin type insulators used on supply lines shall have a dry
flash–over voltage as specified in Rule 55.3–C for the nominal
line voltage at which they are used.

B. Suspension, Bracket Mounted and Strain Types

Suspension, bracket mounted and strain type insulators used on

supply lines shall have a dry flashover voltage as specified in Rule
55.3–C for the nominal line voltage at which they are used when
tested with their attaching fittings or harness and under the
mechanical loading to which they are to be subjected.

Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.

C. Flashover Voltage

The insulator flashover voltages required by Rules 55.3–A and

55.3–B shall be not less than as shown in Table 12 and shall be
determined in accordance with the Standards of the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers for Insulator Tests, Standard
Number 41 dated March 1930.

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 Rule 56.2

Table 12: Insulator Flashover Voltages

Nominal LIne Dry Flashover Nominal Line Dry Flashover
Voltage Voltage Voltage Voltage
750 5,000 55,000 140,000
2,300 20,000 66,000 170,000
4,000 30,000 88,000 220,000
6,600 40,000 110,000 315,000
11,000 50,000 132,000 390,000
22,000 75,000 150,000 420,000
33,000 100,000 200,000 560,000
44,000 125,000

For intermediate voltages above 750 volts the value for

flashover voltages may be obtained by interpolation.

D. Additional Insulation

Insulators used in territories where fog or lightning conditions

prevail should be given more liberal factors of safety than those
indicated in Table 12.
In partial underground distribution, the primary transformer
bushings shall have ratings of not less than 95 kV BIL and a dry
flashover of not less than 60 kV; line conductor insulators,
either post clamp or dead–end type, shall have a dry flashover
rating of not less than 80 kV.
Insulators used at crossings or conflicts shall conform to Rules
104 and 114.
Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707.

56 Overhead Guys, Anchor Guys and Span Wires

56.1 Definition (See Rules 21.5 and 23.5)
56.2 Use
Where mechanical loads imposed on poles, towers, or structures are
greater than can be supported with safety factors as specified in Rule
44, additional strength shall be provided by the use of guys or other
suitable construction.
Where guys are used with poles or similar structures capable of
considerable deflection before failure, the guys shall be able to
support the entire load, the pole below the point of guy attachment
acting merely as a strut.

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 Rule 56.2

Guys shall be attached to structures, as nearly as practicable, at the

center of load. They shall be maintained taut and of such strength
as to meet the safety factors of Rule 44.

56.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.6)

56.4. Clearances

A. Above Ground

(1) Over, Across or Along Public Thoroughfares:

(a) Guys over or across public thoroughfares in urban

districts shall have a clearance of not less than 18 feet
above ground (Table 1, Case 3, Column A).
EXCEPTIONS:

1) A clearance of not less than 16 feet is permitted

for the portions of guys over that part of the
public thoroughfares which is an entrance to or
exit from industrial or commercial premises.

2) A clearance of not less than 14 feet is permitted

for the portions of guys over that part of the
public thoroughfare which is an entrance to or
exit from private residential premises.

(b) Overhead guys along public thoroughfares may have

clearances, above ground which is not normally
accessible to vehicles, less than as specified in Table 1,
Column A, Cases 3 and 4 (18 feet and 15 feet
respectively).

1) Sections of such guys between insulators shall

have a clearance of not less than 8 feet above
the ground.
2) Sections of such guys between insulators and
poles shall have a clearance of not less than 7
feet above the ground.

3) Such guys without insulators shall not be less

than 7 feet above the ground.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 56.4-C1

(2) Over Private Property: Those portions of guys over

private roadways or areas normally accessible to vehicles
may have a clearance above ground less than 18 feet
(Table 1, Case 3, Column A) but not less than 16 feet in
rural districts and not less than 14 feet in urban districts.

(3) Over Swimming Pools: (See Rule 54.4–A3 and Figure 54–1)

Note: Added January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109, and revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines

(1) Which Transport Freight Cars: The clearance specified

in Table 1, Case 1, Column A (25 feet) is based upon the
maximum height of standard freight cars, 15 feet 6 in.
from top of rail to top of running board. This clearance
shall in no case be reduced more than 5% because of
temperature, wind or mechanical loading.

(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley: The clearance of 26

feet specified in Table 1, Case 2, Column A is based upon
a trolley pole throw of 26 feet. Guys and span wires may
have clearances of less than the trolley throw distance (26
feet) above the running surfaces, top of rail or surface of
street, used by trolley cars or coaches provided the guys
and span wires are not less than 4 feet above the trolley
contact conductors and are encased in wood boxing or
moulding 7/8 inch or more in thickness for distances of at
least 2 feet horizontally from the vertical plane through
each trolley contact conductor.

C. From Conductors

(1) Crossing in Spans: Vertical clearances at points of

crossing not less than as specified in Table 2, Case 1, and
radial clearances not less than as specified in Table 2,
Case 18, shall be maintained between guys or span wires
and conductors supported on other poles.

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 Rule 56.4-C2

(2) On Colinear Lines: The radial clearances between guys

on a pole line and conductors on a colinear pole line shall
not be less than as specified in Table 2, Case 18. Vertical
clearances not less than as specified in Table 2, Case 1,
shall also be maintained at points of crossing between
guys on a pole line and conductors supported on other
poles of a colinear pole line.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

(3) Parallel on Same Poles: The radial clearances between

guys and conductors which are approximately parallel and
supported by the same poles shall not be less than as
specified in Table 2, Case 18 (see Figure 56–1).

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 56.4-C3

Rule 56.4 - C3

Conductor

Guy
Radial Radial
Clearance Clearance

Guy

Conductor
Radial Radial
Clearance Clearance

Overhead guys, which are approximately parallel to conductors supported on the same poles
the guys are attached to, shall clear such conductors by the following radial distances:

Communication Conductors 3 inches

0 - 7500 Volt Conductors 11-1/2 inches
7500 - 20000 Volt Conductors 17-1/2 inches
20000 - 35000 Volt Conductors 24 inches

Figure 56 - 1

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 Rule 56.4-C4

(4) Passing on Same Poles: The radial clearances between

guys and conductors supported by or attached to the same
poles or crossarms shall not be less than as specified in
Table 2, Case 19.

EXCEPTION: The clearance between guys and

communication messenger and/or cable
attached directly to the surface of a pole
may be less than the 3 inches specified in
Table 2, Case 19, Column C provided:

(a) A suitable guard is placed on the

messenger and/or cable or guy wire to
prevent physical contact and resultant
mechanical damage; and

(b) The guy is not a guy in proximity; or

(c) An insulator is placed in the guy above

the communication messenger and/or
cable at a vertical distance of not less
than 8 feet below the supply conductor
level, (see Figure 56–2 A); or

(d) All parts of the guy within a radial

distance of 6 feet from the face of pole
are 6 feet or more below the 0 - 750
volt supply conductors supported on the
same pole (see Figure 56–2B); or

(e) The guy is attached to a pole which

supports supply conductors that are 6
feet or more above the communication
messenger and/or cable, provided:

1) An insulator is placed in the guy

above the communication
messenger and/or cable at a
distance of 6 feet or more
horizontally from the pole and not
less than one foot below the level of
the lowest supplyconductor (see
Figure 56–2 C); or

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 Rule 56.4-C4e2

2) An insulator is placed in the guy 3

to 6 inches above the messenger
and/or cable. In lieu of a porcelain
insulator a suitable fiberglass
insulating rod or equivalent that
meets the requirements of Rule
56.8 and extends 6 inches or more
above and below the
communication messenger and/or
cable may be used (see Figure 56–
2 D).

Note: Revised February 14, 1968 by Decision No. 73722; and January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 56.4-C4e2

Rule 56.4-C4

Lowest 0 - 750 Volts

Supply 6'-0"
Min.
Level Insulator
8'-0" Min.
Overhead 6'-0"
Guy
Communication Min Communication
Cable . Cable

Guar Guard
d

8'-0"

A B
6' to 9' Install this insulator only where
Lowest
Supply other guy insulator is more than
Level 9'-0" from surface of pole.
Insulator Lowest Supply
6'-0" 1'-0"
Min. Level 1'-0" Min.
6'-0" Min.
Communication Overhead Guy
Insulator
Cable
6'-0" Min.
Communication Guard
Cable
Guard

Anchor Guy
Overhead Guy
C
Insulating
Lowest Supply Lowest Supply Rod
Level
Insulator Level
6'-0" less than8' Less
Min. more than8' than 8' 6 inch min.
Communication
Communication
Cable
3" to 6" Cable
Less Less
6 inch min.
than 6' than 6'
Guard
Guard
8'-0"

Porcelain (Glass)
Insulating Rod
D

Figure 56-2
Sectionalizing Requirements for Guys Passing Communications at less than 3 inches.

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 Rule 56.4-D3a4

D. From Guys or Span Wires

(1) Crossing in Spans: Vertical clearances at points of

crossing not less than 18 inches (Table 2, Case 1, Column
A) and radial clearances of not less than 12 inches shall be
maintained between guys or span wires and other guys or
span wires which are not attached to the same poles.

(2) Passing and Attached to Same Pole: The radial

clearance between different guys, different span wires, or
different guys and span wires, attached to the same pole
shall not be less than 3 inches.

(3) Approximately Parallel and Attached to Same Poles:

(a) Overhead Guys or Span Wires: Where two or

more overhead guys or two or more span wires are
approximately parallel and attached to the same
poles, and either or both poles support supply
conductors:

1) Such guys or span wires shall have a vertical

separation of at least 1 foot between the points of
attachment on the pole, or poles, which support
the supply conductors.

2) In cases where such separation is not practicable,

other means to insure the effectiveness of the guy
or span wire insulators shall be employed, but in
no case shall the distance between any guy or
span wire and the surface of the insulator in any
other guy or span wire be less than 3 inches,
measured perpendicularly at the insulator.

3) This rule shall not prohibit the contact of such guys

or span wires to the same shims and shall not apply
to guys or span wires acting in different directions
nor to guys or span wires in which insulators are not
required.

4) Where two guys are installed in climbing space,

also see Rule 54.7–A3.

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 Rule 56.4-D3b

(b) Anchor Guys: Where two or more guys attached to a

pole supporting supply conductors are attached to the
same grounded anchor, either directly or through the
medium of a stub:

1) They shall be separated at the pole by a vertical

distance of at least 1 foot, provided any guy wire
shall not be less than 3 inches from the surface of
the insulator in any other guy.

2) In lieu of securing this 3” minimum separation by

means of the 1 foot minimum separation of guy
attachments at the pole, it shall be afforded by
separation of the grounded anchors or by other
practicable means which shall insure the
minimum clearance of 3 inches.

3) The provisions of this rule do not apply to guys

which act in different directions from the pole or
to guys attached to grounded metal structures or
to guys which do not require insulators.

4) Where two guys are installed in climbing space,

also see Rule 54.7–A3.
Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

E. From Poles

Where passing guys are less than 15 inches from surface of

pole and less than 8 feet below supply conductors of less than
22,500 volts supported on the same pole, such guys shall be
sectionalized, in addition to the normal sectionalization required
by Rule 56.6, by means of insulators in accordance with Rule
56.6–A as though attached to the pole or structure.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

F. From Transformer Cases

All portions of guys 6 inches or more from the surface of poles

or crossarms, at the guy’s point of attachment, shall not be less
than 4 inches from transformer cases and hangers. Portions of
guys within 6 inches of the surface of poles or crossarms to
which they are attached shall not be less than 1–1/2 inches
from transformer cases and hangers.
Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 56.6-B

G. Above Buildings

The minimum vertical clearance of 8 feet specified for guys

above buildings (Table 1, Case 6, Column A) may be reduced
over roofs of 3/8 pitch (37 degrees from the horizontal) or
greater to a clearance of not less than 2 feet.

56.5 Fastenings

Guy wires shall be protected by the use of guy thimbles or their

equivalent where attached to anchor rods or through bolts.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

56.6 Requirements for Sectionalizing With Insulators

A. Guys in Proximity to Supply Conductors of Less than

35,500 Volts (See Rule 21.5–D for definition of “proximity”
and Figure 56–3)

All portions of guys within both a vertical distance of 8 feet from

the level of supply conductors of less than 35,500 volts and a
radial distance of 6 feet from the surface of wood poles or
structures shall not be grounded, through anchors or otherwise.
Where necessary to avoid the grounding of such portions, guys
shall be sectionalized by means of insulators installed at
locations as specified in Rule 56.7.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030; and January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

B. Guys to Arms Supporting Conductors of Less than

35,500 Volts

All portions of arm guys within 6 feet of points of attachment to

wood crossarms, or metal crossarms on wood poles, shall not
be grounded if the crossarms support supply conductors of less
than 35,500 volts. Where necessary to avoid the grounding of
such portions, arm guys shall be sectionalized by means of
insulators at locations as specified in Rule 56.7.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030.

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 Rule 56.6-B

Rules 21.5-D, and 56.6-A

Supply Less than

Zone Of Proximity 35,500 Volts
8' 8'
Supply Less than Zone Of Communication
35,500 Volts Proximity
8' 6'
8'
Portions In
6' Proximity
Ungrounded
guy no portion
in proximity

Wood Wood

a b
Supply Less than 35,500 Volts
Portion In Proximity
6'

8'
8'
8'
Portion In
Communication Proximity

8'
6'

Passing guys,
less than 6'
from pole

Wood

8' Supply Less than 8'

35,500 Volts

6'
8' 8'
Portions In
Proximity
6' Portion
Proximity
In

Wood
Wood

d
Figure 56-3
Guys in Proximity to Wood Poles and Supply Conductors of 35,500 Volts or Less.

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 Rule 56.7

C. Ungrounded Overhead Guys

All overhead guys which are not grounded (by means of ground
wires, grounded anchor guys, attachment to grounded metal
poles, or otherwise) shall be sectionalized at the locations
measured from each attachment to poles or structures, as
specified in Rule 56.7–A (6 feet to 9 feet from attachments).

D. Guys Exposed to 22,500 Volts or More (See Rule 21.5–C

for definition of “exposed” and Figure 56–4)

Guys exposed to conductors of 22,500 volts or more shall not

be sectionalized and shall be securely grounded (by means of
ground wires, anchor guys, or attachments to securely
grounded metal poles or structures).

EXCEPTED from the above requirements are:

(1) Guys, all or any portions thereof, which are required to be

sectionalized in accordance with Rule 56.6–A because of
proximity of wood poles and supply conductors of less than
22,500 volts or in accordance with Rule 56.6–B; and

(2) Guys which are sectionalized by wood strain insulators

equipped with arcing horns and designed to provide
impulse insulation for lightning conditions or, glass fiber
noninterlocking strain insulators which are designed to
provide impulse insulation for lightning conditions.

Note: Revised July 8, 1959 by Resolution No. E–1030; March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by
Decision No. 71094; January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455; and January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

E. Guys Attached to Grounded Poles or Structures

Guys attached to securely grounded metal poles or structures

are not required to be sectionalized except as required by Rule
56.6–A because of proximity to supply conductors of less than
35,500 volts supported on wood poles, or by Rule 56.6–B.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030.

56.7 Location of Sectionalizing Insulators

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 Rule 56.7-A

A. Overhead Guys

Insulators installed in overhead guys to sectionalize such guys

as required by any portion of Rule 56.6 shall be located at a
distance of not less than 6 feet and not more than 9 feet,
measured along the guys, from the points of attachment of the
guys to poles, crossarms or structures (see Figures 56–5, 56–6
and 56–7).

In such overhead guys which are less than 17 feet in length

with no section grounded, insulation at one location,
approximately equidistant from each support will be sufficient.

Overhead guys attached to wood poles, crossarms or structures

and to grounded anchor guys or metal poles shall be
sectionalized at not less than one location, 6 to 9 feet
(measured along the guys) from the attachment at the wood
pole, crossarm or structure (see Figure 56–5 and Figure56–6).

Branched guys (bridle guys) which are attached at two or more

positions to the same crossarm or pole line structure, and which
are required under the provisions of Rule 56.6 to be
sectionalized, shall be sectionalized by means of insulators in
the main guy and all branches except one, so that no two
branches of such a guy constitute a continuous metallic path
between separate points of attachment to crossarms or
structures (see Figure 56–7). In conforming with these
requirements, insulators in branches of guys should be placed
as far as practicable from attachments at pole or crossarm but
not more than 9 feet therefrom.

All insulators in overhead guys shall be 8 feet or more vertically

above the ground.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

B. Anchor Guys

An insulator shall be installed in each anchor guy which is

required to be sectionalized by Rule 56.6–A or 56.6–B, so that
such insulator is located:

(1) 8 Feet or more above the ground; and

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 Rule 56.7-B

(2) 8 Feet or more below the level of the lowest supply

conductor, or 6 feet or more from surface of pole and one
foot or more below the level of the lowest supply
conductor (see Figure 56–8).

These sectionalizing requirements for anchor guys can normally

be met by insulation at one location; however, short guys or
other conditions may require insulation at two locations:

(a) One location being 8 feet or more above the ground;

and

(b) The other location either 8 feet or more below the

lowest supply conductor, or 6 feet or more horizontally
from surface of pole and one foot or more below the
level of the lowest supply conductor.

In order to prevent trees, buildings, messengers, metal–

sheathed cables or other similar objects from grounding
portions of guys above guy insulators, it is suggested that
anchor guys be sectionalized, where practicable, near the
highest level permitted by this Rule.

Ungrounded portions of anchor guys which pass through a level

of communication conductors at positions other than between
the pole and pole pin positions or outside of the outer pin
position shall be sectionalized by insulators placed between 6
and 18 inches above the level of the communication conductors
(see Figure 56–8B).

Any anchor guy which enters the ground less than 8 feet below
the lowest level of supply conductors on the pole or structure
shall be treated as an overhead guy which is grounded by
means of a grounded anchor guy or metal pole.

A grounded horizontal brace of a “sidewalk” guy shall in no case

be less than 8 feet below the level of the lowest unprotected
supply conductor on the same pole (see Figure 56–10B).

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 56.7-C

C. Truss Guys

An insulator shall be installed in each truss guy which is

required to be sectionalized by Rule 56.6–A, so that such
insulator is located 8 feet or more above the ground and 8 feet
or more below the level of the lowest supply conductor passing
within 8 feet of the guy (see Figure 56–10). These requirements
can normally be met by insulation at one position; however, in
certain unusual conditions the two 8–foot distances may
overlap, in which case insulation will be necessary at two
positions.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 56.7-C

Rules 21.5-C, and 56.6-D

6 to 9 Feet
Supply, More From Pole
than 35.5 kV
8'

6'
Guy solidly
grounded by
May be omitted connection to
if this end of guy ground wire or
is solidly anchor guy,
grounded Rule 86.6-D

a
Portion in proximity
to conductors of
less than 35.5 kV
shall not be Supply, more
grounded. than 35.5 kV
Overhead Guy
Solidly Grounded,
8 Feet Rule 56.6-D.

1 Foot 6' Supply, Less

Min. than 35.5 kV
8 Feet

Guys sectionalized
because of proximity,
Rule 56.6-A
8 Feet

b
8'
Minimum Clearance
Supply, More Table 2, Case 19,
than 22.5 kV Col. G, H & I Communication
Open Wire

Communication
Guys Need Cable
Not Be
Exposed portions Sectionalized
shall be solidly
grounded,
Rule 86.6-C

Figure 56-4
Guys Exposed to Supply Conductors of More than 22,500 Volts or In Proximity of
Supply Conductors More than 35,500 Volts.

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May 2018
 Rule 56.7-C

Rule 56.7-A
Supply Less than
35,500 Volts

More than 6 Ft.

Sectionalized because and
More than 6 Ft. and of proximity, Rule 56.6-A Less than 9 Ft.
Less than 9 Ft.
Sectionalized because
ungrounded, Rule 56.6-C
Wood
Pole
Guys acting in
different directions
8' Min. Wood are not required
8' Min. 8' Min. Pole to be separated.

Ungrounded Overhead Guy

Less than 17 Ft. Long.

More than 6 Ft.

And Less than 9 Ft.
From Pole.
Supply
Less than
35,500
Volts More than 6 Ft. And Less
than 9 Ft. from Pole.
Not sectionalized here
because connected to
grounded anchor guy.

Wood
Wood
Poles
Pole

More than 6 Ft.

Supply And Less than 9 Ft.
Supply
From Pole
Less than
Sectionalized because 35,500 Volts
of proximity, Rule 56.6-A

8'

6'

Guy not sectionalized

because not in proximity
on wood poles

Solidly Wood
grounded Pole
metal pole

Figure 56-5
Sectionalization Of Overhead Guys on Supply Lines

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May 2018
 Rule 56.7-C

Rule 56.7-A

0 - 750 Volts

6' Min. 4' Min.

Double Guard Arm

Communications
Communications Cable Attached
Cable Attached
To Pole.
To Pole.

EXCEPTIONS to sectionalization
because of proximity Rule 86.6-B2
for certain grounded guys.

Wood
Wood

More than 6 Ft. And

Less than 9 Ft. from Pole

Supply

Communication

Guy Not Sectionalized

If Connected To Solidly
Grounded Anchor Guy
Wood
Wood

Supply
More than 6 Ft. and
Less than 9 Ft. from Pole

6'
8'

Communication
Cable On Guy Sectionalized
Crossarm Because Of Proximity

Wood
Wood

Figure 56-6
Sectionalization Of Overhead Guys On Jointly Used Poles

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May 2018
 Rule 56.7-C

Rule 56.7-A

To Guy Pole

6 To 9 Ft.

6 To 9 Ft.

To Guy Pole

6 To 9 Ft.

To Guy Pole

6 To 9 Ft.

Figure 56-7
Sectionalization of Arm Guys and Branched Guys

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May 2018
 Rule 56.7-C

Rule 56.7-B
Insulator above
Supply
Communication
Supply Rule 54.7-b
1'
1' 8' 6" to 18"
Sectionalizing 8' Sectionalizing
Insulators 6' Communication 6' Insulators
In This Zone
in This Zone.

8' 8'

A B

Supply

Supply
1' Communication
Supply
8' Communication
2' Or More
1'
Sectionalizing 6'
Insulators Sectionalizing
8'
In This Zone Insulators
6' In This Zone.

8' 8'

C D

Supply
Supply
1 1'
4' to 6' '
6' Or More
8' 8'
Communication Guy Not Required
Cable 6'
Communication 6' To Be Sectionalized
Cable Attached If Attached To
Guy Must Not Be
To Pole Pole At Or below
Grounded by The Cable
Connection to Messenger
Messenger Etc.
8'
Rule 86.8-B2 8'

E F
Figure 56-8
Sectionalization Of Anchor Guys

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May 2018
 Rule 56.7-C

Figure 56-9
Deleted

V-136
May 2018
 Rule 56.7-C

Rule 56.7-B, and 56.7-C

Supply Supply

1' 1'

8' 8'
6' 6'

Grounded brace
Ungrounded
must be more
brace less than 8 ft.
than 8 ft. below
below supply
supply conductors.
conductors.

A B

Supply Supply Supply

4' to 6'

6' or More
8' 8' 8'
Communication
6'
Cable
Communication
Portion of Cable
guy in proximity to Attached
supply must to Pole
not be grounded (Rule 86.6-B2)
Rule 86.8-B2

8' 8'

C D E
Figure 56-10
Sectionalization of Sidewalk Guys and Truss Guys

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May 2018
 Rule 56.8

56.8 Guy Insulators

Insulators which sectionalize guys shall conform to the following

specifications based on the highest voltage carried at the level on
the pole, tower, structure or crossarm nearest which the guy is
attached and also based on the voltage of higher voltage circuits
through which the guy passes.

A. Material

Insulators used in guys on supply lines shall be porcelain, glass,

fiberglass or other suitable material.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

B. Strength (See Rule 44, Table 4 and Rule 49.5–B)

C. Voltage Requirements

Insulators used in guys on supply lines shall be so designed that

their dry flashover voltage is not more than 75% of the
puncture voltage at operating frequencies.

Insulators used in guys on supply lines shall have a dry

flashover voltage not less than as specified in Table 13 when
tested in accordance with the American National Standard (ANSI
C29.1–1982) under the maximum mechanical loadings specified
by this Order for the guy construction involved.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

Table 13: Guy Insulator Flashover Voltages

Nominal Voltage of Circuit Dry Flashover Voltage
to Which Guy Is in Proximity of Insulators
(Volts)
0 - 7,500 15,000 Volts
7,501 - 17,500 Double the Circuit Voltage
17,500 - 22,500 35,000 Volts
22,501 - 35,500 Double the Circuit Voltage

Note: To meet dry flashover requirements, use of multiple insulators in series is permissible.

Note: Revised November 20, 1979 by Decision No. 91030.

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 Rule 57.4-A1

56.9 Guy Marker (Guy Guard)

A substantial marker of suitable material, including but not limited

to metal or plastic, not less than 8 feet in length, shall be securely
attached to all anchor guys. Where more than one guy is attached
to an anchor rod, only the outermost guy is required to have a
marker.

Note: Revised September 15, 1964 by Decision No. 67820, November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6 and October 9,
1996 by Resolution SU–40.

57 Messengers and Insulated Cables

57.1 Definition (See Rules 20.3 and 22.3)

57.2 Use of Messenger

Where a cable is of such weight that it would not meet the safety
factors of Table 4 when self–supported, attachment to stranded
messenger shall be made for supporting said weight.

57.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.7)

57.4 Clearances

Basic minimum clearances for messengers and insulated cables are

specified in Rules 37 and 38, Tables 1 and 2 respectively and shall
be measured to the nearest surfaces of the cable and messenger
assembly, including cable rings and messenger supports. The basic
clearances specified for conductors, as modified by provisions of
Rule 54.4 are applicable to insulated cables. These clearances for
messengers and cables are also subject to the following
modifications. The clearances required for supply conductors of 0 -
750 volts shall be applied to suitably insulated cables of any voltage
having a metallic sheath which is bonded and grounded as
specified in Rule 57.8.

A. Above Ground

(1) Messengers and Insulated Cables: The basic clearances

specified in Rule 37, Table 1 for conductors, as modified by
provisions of Rule 54.4–A, are applicable to messengers and
insulated cables (See Rule 57.8).

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May 2018
 Rule 57.4-A2

(2) Grounded and Bonded Messengers and Insulated

Cables: The basic clearances specified in Rule 37, Table 1,
Column D, are applicable to grounded cables having
metallic sheaths, and to effectively grounded messengers
(see Rule 57.8).

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines

(1) Which Transport Freight Cars: The clearances specified

in Table 1, Case 1, Columns A, B, and D are based upon
the maximum height of standard freight cars, 15 feet 1
inch from the top of rail to top of running board. These
clearances shall in no case be reduced more than 5%
because of temperature, wind or mechanical loading.

(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley: The clearances

specified in Table 1, Case 2, Columns A and D, 26 feet and
27 feet respectively, are based upon a maximum trolley
pole throw of 26 feet, the usual maximum height of a free
trolley pole above the top of rails or surface of streets used
by trolley cars or coaches.

EXCEPTION: Messengers, and cables, which are bonded

and grounded as specified in Rule 57.8,
may have clearances above the rails or
surface of streets used by trolley cars or
coaches less than the distance specified in
Table 1, Case 2, Columns A and D for
trolley–throw clearance, provided the
messengers and cables are not less than 4
feet above the trolley contact conductor
and are encased in wood boxing or
moulding with a minimum thickness of 7/8
inch (or other suitable material having the
same minimum electrical insulating
qualities and mechanical strength) for
distances of at least 2 feet horizontally
from the vertical plane through each
trolley contact conductor.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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May 2018
 Rule 57.4-F2

C. Between Conductors in Cables

No specified clearance is required between the individual

conductors of suitably insulated cables, whether single or
grouped, and therefore the clearances specified in Table 2,
Cases 15, 16 and 17 do not apply between such conductors.
Any such multiple–conductor group shall be treated as a single
conductor in the application of other clearance requirements.

D. Between Cables and Messengers

Cables supported by messengers are not required to be any

specified distance from their supporting messengers.

E. Between Messengers

The clearance specified in Table 2, Case 1, Column A does not

apply and no clearance is required where messengers of the
same electrical system branch or cross.

F. From Poles, Crossarms and Other Conductors

Messengers, and metal sheathed cables, which are bonded and

grounded as specified in Rule 57.8 shall have clearances not
less than the minimum clearances required for conductors of 0 -
750 volts with all of the following provisions being applicable:

(1) Attached to Surfaces of Poles and Crossarms: Such

grounded messengers and cables may be attached to the
surfaces of poles or crossarms at less than the clearance
specified in Table 1, Column D, Cases 8 and 9. When
attached to pole or crossarm at less than 15 inches from
centerline of pole such grounded messenger or cable shall
not be less than 4 feet vertically above or 6 feet vertically
below any unprotected supply conductor except that
where a guard arm (or arms) is placed above messenger
and cable as specified in Rule 57.7, the clearance of 6 feet
may be reduced to not less than 4 feet below unprotected
conductors of 0 - 750 volts (see Figure 57–1 A).

(2) Supported on Same Crossarm above 750 Volts: Such

grounded messenger and cable when supported on the
same crossarm with unprotected conductors in excess of
750 volts shall be placed on the side of pole opposite the
unprotected conductors (see Figure 57–1 B).

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May 2018
 Rule 57.4-F3

(3) Supported on Same Crossarm 0 - 750 Volts: Such

grounded messenger and cable when supported on the
same crossarm with unprotected conductors of 0 - 750
volts, shall be placed at not less than pin spacing (Table 2,
Case 15, Column D) beyond the outermost unprotected
conductor on the same side of pole (see Figure 57–1 C).

(4) Between Cable and Unprotected Conductors: The

clearances between a cable and unprotected conductors
shall not be held to apply between a grounded cable (and
its messenger) and unprotected conductors of the same
circuit on poles where unprotected conductors enter (or
leave) a cable. On such poles no grounded section of
messenger or cable shall be less than 15 inches from
surface of pole.

(5) Two or More Cables Attached to the Surface of Pole:

Where two or more cables are attached to the surface of
the same wood pole they shall be placed on the same side
of pole when their vertical separation is less than 8 feet
but in no case shall the vertical separation be less than 1
foot.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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 Rule 57.4-F5

Rule 57.4-F

15" 15"

Supply Line

4' Min.
With Guard Arm
6' Min.
Without Guard Arm

Cables Treated As
In Rule 57.8

750 Volts & above

Cable Treated As
In Rule 57.8
36"
Min.
15" See Rule 32.4-A3
Min.

11-1/2" 15" 15"

Min. Min Min
. .
0 - 750 Volts

Alternate Location
If No Unprotected
Conductor On Same
End Of Arm.

C
Figure 57-1
Supply Cables

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 Rule 57.4-G

G. From Buildings and Other Structures

Messengers, and metal sheathed cables, which are bonded and

grounded as specified in Rule 57.8 are not required to clear
buildings and other structures any specified horizontal distance
and the clearance specified in Table 1, Case 7, Column D does
not apply in such instances. Such cables, and messengers, shall
be installed so that they do not interfere with the free use of
fire escapes, exits, etc., and should be arranged so as not to
hamper or endanger workers and firefighters while performing
their duties.
Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

H. From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or Traffic Signal

Poles or Standards

Messengers and metal–sheathed cables which are bonded and

grounded as specified in Rule 57.8, passing (unattached)
nonclimbable street lighting and traffic signal poles or
standards, including mastarms, brackets, and lighting fixtures
may have a clearance less than the 36 inches specified in Table
1, Case 10, Column D, but shall have a clearance of not less
than 15 inches, except when the conductors are mechanically
protected from abrasion by materials specified in Rule 22.8.
Such mechanical protections shall extend not less than 15
inches in each direction along the cable from centerline of pole,
standard, attaching mastarm or fixture, whether passing above,
below or alongside. The conductors shall be installed in such a
manner so as not to interfere with light distribution from lighting
fixtures and shall not hamper workmen changing lamps or
maintaining equipment.

Note: Added January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186 and revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

57.5 Fastenings

Hardware used in connection with messengers shall meet the

strength requirement of Rule 49.7–C. Dead–end attachments used
on messengers or reinforced cables shall have a strength not less
than that of the messenger or reinforced cable.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

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57.6 Sectionalizing of Messengers with Insulators

The grounding of an extended messenger, as specified in Rule

57.8, is not required provided such extended messenger is
sectionalized as a guy by means of insulators.

57.7 Use of Guard Arms and Coverings

Any guard arm which is required to be installed by the provisions of

Rule 57.4–F shall be at least 4 feet in length (Rule 21.0–D) and
parallel to and not more than 4 inches above the top of the cable
or messenger. In lieu of the guard arm, suitable protective covering
(Rule 22.8) at least 4 feet in length may be placed around the
cable and messenger.

Double guard arms shall be used where such a messenger or cable

is dead ended on or wrapped around a wood pole, at a vertical
separation of less than 6 feet below unprotected supply conductors
of other circuits of 750 volts or less. Portions of cables which take
the form of a riser or a grounded lateral or vertical run shall be
covered as specified in Rule 54.6–E for risers.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

57.8 Bonding and Grounding

The provisions of Rules 57.4, 57.6 and 57.7 for grounded cables,
and grounded messengers are applicable only to cables having
metallic sheaths, and to messengers, which are effectively
grounded at both ends of each run and at intermediate points not
exceeding 800 feet apart. Where such a metal sheathed cable is
supported on a messenger, each section of cable between splices
shall be permanently bonded to the messenger at not less than two
locations.

Cables not bonded and grounded as specified above shall conform

to the requirements of unprotected supply conductors with the
modifications provided in the several parts of Rule 57.

57.9 Sags

The sags of messengers which support cables shall be such that

under the maximum loading conditions the tensions in the
messengers shall not exceed the safe working stresses specified in
Rule 49.7–B.

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 Rule 58

58 Miscellaneous Equipment

58.1 Enclosed Equipment (Transformers, Capacitors, Regulators, etc.)

(For purposes of this rule, enclosed means encased such as with
cases or tanks of equipment operated at greater than 750 volts.)

A. Position on Pole
(1) Multiple Units: Where more than one unit is installed on
a pole, they shall be placed on the same side of the pole.
Transformers installed on metal mounting brackets shall
not extend beyond the vertical plane through the
centerline of the pole.
EXCEPTION: Units installed on non-climbable poles may
extend beyond the vertical plane through the
centerline of the pole.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

(2) Pole Top Extensions: Equipment shall not be supported

on pole top extensions.
EXCEPTION: Pole top extensions that conform with
strength requirements for a whole pole
(see Rule 49.1–A) may be used to support
equipment.
Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

B. Case and Lead Wire Clearances (See Tables 58–1 & 58–2)
(1) Unprotected Lead Wire Clearances: Unprotected
vertical and lateral leads between line conductors and
equipment shall comply with Rules 54.6 and 54.4–C6; and
with the clearances specified in Table 1, Cases 8 and 9;
and Table 2, Cases 15, 16 and 17. Such lead wires may be
installed in the working space but shall not be installed in
the climbing space.
The clearance specified in Table 1, Case 8, Columns D and
E, need not apply to apparatus installed on poles consisting
of single–pole structures or on crossarms attached thereto,
provided that terminals and lead wires are not less than 6
inches from surface of pole instead of 3 inches specified in
Table 1, Case 9, Columns D and E, and have as much as
possible of the clearances specified in Table 1, Case 8,
Columns D and E. No reduction of the clearances specified

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in Table 1, Case 8, Columns D and E is permitted for

interconnection wiring of polyphase installations nor to any
lead wire passing between pole and apparatus.

(2) Cases above Ground: Cases of equipment supported on

poles or structures shall be not less than 17 feet above the
ground except that in areas which are not in any way
accessible to vehicles, the clearance of cases above ground
may be less than 17 feet provided all cases which are less
than 8 feet above ground shall be effectively grounded.

(3) From Hardware: Equipment cases, hangers, and other

metal parts in contact therewith shall clear through bolts,
arm braces of metal, and other hardware elements, by not
less than 1.5 inches; except that such cases and hangers
shall clear crossarm braces and crossarm through bolts by
not less than 1 inch air–gap distance and 1.5 inch
creepage distance.

The minimum clearance of 1.5 inches need not apply to

through bolts in metallic contact with equipment cases or
metal parts thereof nor to through bolts supporting heel
arms, provided the portion of such through bolts extending
into the climbing space is covered with non– conducting
material as specified in Rule 22.8.

(4) From Guys: Equipment cases and their hangers shall not
be less than 4 inches from all portions of guys which are 6
inches or more from the surface of poles or crossarms at
the guy attachments. Such cases and hangers shall not be
less than 1.5 inches from all portions of guys which are
within 6 inches of the surface of poles or crossarms at the
guy attachment.
Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984.

C. Equipment Cutouts or Other Equipment Disconnecting

Devices

Equipment cutouts, fuses, disconnects or switches shall be

located so that they are readily accessible from climbing and
working spaces. Such devices or their connecting leads shall not
extend into the climbing space, but may extend into the
working space.

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Rule 58.1-C

The vertical clearance between equipment cutouts, fuses,

disconnects or switches and unprotected conductors of other
circuits below shall not be less than the clearances required
between conductors as specified in Table 2, Cases 8 to 13.

The horizontal clearance between equipment cutouts, fuses,

disconnects or switches and unprotected conductors of
different phase or polarity shall not be less than the
clearances specified in Table 2, Case 17.

The provisions of this rule shall not apply to partial underground

distribution systems.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

D. Ungrounded Case Clearances from Line Conductors (See

Table 58–2)

E. Grounded Case Clearances from Line Conductors (See Rule

54.4–G)

F. Bonding

Cases of equipment may be bonded together but shall not be

bonded to cutouts, metal pins or deadend hardware.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25. (Formerly Rule 58.4)

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Table 58–1 Unprotected Bus and Lead Wire Clearances

Case Nature of Clearance Clearances Required
Above Ground 750 Volts - 22.5 22.5 kV & above
kV

1 Single Pole Structure 22.5 Feet 27.0 Feet

2 Two or More Pole Structure 22.5 Feet (a) 27.0 Feet (a)

From Buildings - Horizontal

From Building Walls

3 With Windows, Fire Escapes, etc. 6.0 Feet (b) 6.0 Feet
4 Without Windows, Fire Escapes, 1.0 Foot (c) 1.0 Foot
etc.

From Building - Vertical above

5 Walkable Surfaces 12.0 Feet 12.0 Feet

6 Non–Walkable Surfaces 8.0 Feet 8.0 Feet

Footnotes Modifying Clearances in Table 58–1

(a) May be reduced to 20 feet provided such lead or bus wires are guarded
by transformer platform flooring which extends not less than 1 foot
horizontally outside the vertical planes of all such lead and bus wires.
(b) May be reduced under special conditions: Supply conductors of 750 -
7,500v see Rule 54.4–H1.
(c) If less than 6 feet below a walkable surface must have 6 foot horizontal
clearance until vertical clearance is obtained.

Walkable Surface 6'

6'

Building

1'

Note: Table added January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

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Table 58–2 Ungrounded Cases from Line Conductors (a)(b)

Line Conductors Comm 0 - 750 750 - 7500V - 22.5 kV &
. Volts 7500 22.5KV above
Volts
1 Vertical above Case 48 in. 3 in.(c) 12 in.(d) 18 in. (e) 24 in.
2 Vertical below Case 48 in. 10 in.(d) 12 in.(d) 18 in. (e) 24 in.
3 Horizontal from N/A 6 in. 12 in. 18 in. 24 in.
Case

Footnotes Modifying Clearances in Table 58–2

(a) For grounded cases see Rule 54.4–G.
(b) For clearances from connecting lead wires and cases, see Table 2, Case 17.
(c) For conductors supported by rack construction, this dimension shall be a
minimum of 4 feet.
(d) May be reduced to 3 inches radially from unenergized cases and hangers,
provided no line conductor which is less than 12 inches horizontally from the
case or hanger is less than 3 inches above the level of the top surface of the
crossarm.
(e) For transformers see Rule 54.4–D8.

Note: Table added January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

58.2 Transformers

A. Grounding or Bonding

(1) Grounding of Windings: Transformer windings,

providing service not exceeding 300 volts (except those
used exclusively for energizing street lighting systems or
used exclusively for energizing signal and traffic circuits)
shall be effectively grounded. Banked transformers are not
required to have each transformer winding grounded,
however, at least one winding shall be effectively
grounded. Where the secondary system is grounded at
any point, the grounded conductor shall be run to each
service.

(2) Location of Transformer Winding Grounds:

Transformer ground connections shall be provided at one
of the following locations:

At the transformer pole or

At a pole adjacent to the transformer pole

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Transformer ground connections other than those

occurring on common primary and secondary grounded
neutral systems shall have an ampacity not less than that
of No. 6 AWG copper wire.
Where a common primary and secondary grounded neutral
system is used, ground connections shall conform to the
requirements of Rule 59.4–A.

(3) Transformer Case Grounding or Bonding: (See Rule

54.4–G for Grounded Equipment Clearances)
Transformers shall not be supported on metal poles or
metal supports in contact with the ground unless the cases
are securely bonded to the metal poles or parts of
structures in contact with the ground and such poles or
structures are effectively grounded.
Where transformer cases are bonded, the case bonding system
shall not be electrically connected to any unassociated hardware
or to other bonds.
Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

B. Connections between Windings

Any metallic connection between the primary and secondary
windings of a distribution transformer (as in common neutral
systems) shall be made externally and not within the
transformer case.
Note: Added March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and revised August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094. Revised January
19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25. (Formerly Rule 58.3)

58.3 Line Switches and Line Disconnects

Line switches and line disconnects shall be located so that they are
readily accessible from climbing and working spaces. Such devices
or their connecting leads shall not extend into the climbing space
but may extend into the working space.

A. Unenclosed
(1) Vertical clearances between exposed energized parts of
line switches and line disconnects (including fused and
unfused line cutouts) and unprotected conductors of other
circuits above and below shall not be less than the
clearances specified by Table 2, Cases 8 to 13.

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 Rule 58.3-A2

Clearances between exposed parts of line switches and line

disconnects (including fused or unfused line cutouts) which
are energized from the same circuit, from exposed parts of
different phases or polarities shall not be less than the
clearances specified by Table 2, Case 17.

(2) Lead wires shall be suitably insulated from cases of cutouts

and switches at points of entrance thereto.

All unprotected lead wires including miscellaneous wiring

shall clear braces, bolts and other line hardware a distance
of not less than 1.5”.

Where necessary at points of entrance to cutouts and

switches, lead wires of 0 - 5,000 volts may be less than 3
inches from the surface of crossarms (Table 1, Case 9,
Columns C, D and E) but shall not be less than 1 inch from
such surfaces.

(3) Switches and cutouts shall be so located that, when in

either the open or closed position, all energized parts
thereof are not less than 15 or 18 inches from the
centerline of pole as required by Table 1, Case 8, and no
part of such equipment shall be in the climbing space
except nonmetallic interphase shafts of gang operated
switches and their associated unbonded hardware
mounted at the top of the pole (see Figures 58–2 and 58–
3). Such apparatus is permitted to be within the working
space. The clearance of 15 or 18 inches need not apply to
nonfusable pole–top switches provided the switches are
installed substantially in the same vertical plane as the
conductors to which they are attached, and no climbing
space has to be provided through and above the level of
such switches.
Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984; and May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5.

B. Enclosed Switches
All enclosed switches shall indicate clearly whether they are in
the open or closed position.

C. Grounded (See Rule 54.4–G)

D. Operating Mechanism

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 Rule 58.3-D4

(1) Grounded metal operating rods which pass through any

supply or communication conductor level shall be
protected with a suitable protective covering for a vertical
distance of 8 feet above and below or 6 feet horizontally
from such levels.

(2) Ungrounded metal operating rods which pass through only

supply or communication conductor level shall:
(a) Have a suitable insulating link or section installed at a
point as near as possible to the switch; and
(b) Have a suitable insulating link or section installed at a
point between each conductor level through which it
passes.

(3) All operating rods shall be securely held in position by a

suitable means to afford clearances as specified in Table 2,
Case 18 from conductors of circuits below the switch level.

(4) Where line switches are operated from the ground level by
means of all–metal control mechanisms without suitable
insulating links or sections:
(a) An insulated platform shall be provided, or
(b) The operating mechanism and non-insulated platform
shall be bonded and effectively grounded.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25. (Formerly Rule 58.5) and January 21, 2015, by Decision No
1501005.

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 Rule 58.3-D4

Rule 58.3-A

Bell
Crank
Conductor
HIGH VOLTAGE
Level

Non-metallic Switch
Interphase Shaft
Climbing Space
(Rule 54.7-A)

Pole Top Position

Crossarm Construction

Figure 58-2
Gang Operated Switches Climbing And Working Space

Conductor
Level

Non-metallic Switch HIGH

Interphase Shaft
Climbing Space
(Rule 54.11)

Pole Top Position

Bracket Construction

Figure 58-3
Gang Operated Switches Climbing And Working Space

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 Rule 58.4-C

58.4 Traffic Signals

Traffic signals supported on overhead suspensions shall be treated

as specified in the following rules:

A. Messenger and Span Wire Clearances

The suspension messenger or span wire of all traffic signals

shall be installed to afford the clearances prescribed for span
wires in Table 1, Column A, and Table 2, Column A.

B. Lead Wires

Lead wires of 0 - 750 volts to traffic signals supported on

messengers may be less than the clearances above ground
specified in Table 1, Column D, Cases 2 and 3 provided they
are maintained at a clearance above ground as specified in
Table 1, Column A, Cases 2 and 3 for the messenger on which
they are supported.

C. Clearance above Thoroughfares

Traffic signals supported by span wires and supplied from

circuits of 0 - 750 volts shall have a clearance of not less than
14 feet vertically above thoroughfares over which they are
suspended (see Figure 58–4) except that where any
thoroughfare is used by railroads, street railways, trolley coach
lines and double deck motor coaches, clearance not less than
the following shall be maintained:

Conveyance Using Thoroughfare Minimum Clearance of Signal

above Thoroughfare
Street railways and coach lines operated by Height of trolley conductor
overhead trolley plus 1 foot (a)
Railroads which transport freight cars 25 Feet (b)
Double deck motor coaches 18 Feet
(a) May be reduced to 14 feet if signal is more than 8 1/2 feet from nearest trolley contact
conductor and if signal is maintained not less than 1 foot radially from trolley span wires.
(b) May be reduced to 14 feet if signal is more than 8 1/2 feet from centerline of track.

Traffic signals supplied directly (without protective transformers)

from circuits classified in excess of 750 volts shall be installed with
clearances as prescribed for street lighting equipment.
Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25. (Formerly Rule 58.1)

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 Rule 58.4

750 - 7,500 V

4'
Min.

0 - 750 V

4'
Min.
12"

Communication

6' - 9' 6' - 9'

More or Less
Than 8 Feet Stop
©
Go
12"
6' - 9' 6' - 9'

If Signal Is Less Than 8 Feet, 6 Inches from

Nearest Trolley Contact Wire
Table 1 A = Height of Trolley Wire Plus 12"
A If Signal is Less Than 8 Feet, 6 Inches from
Column A
Center Line of Railroad Track
C A = 25 Feet Min.
L If Signal Is Above Street Used by Double
Deck Motor Coaches
A = 10 Feet Min.
If Signal Is More Than 8 Feet, 6 Inches from
Trolley Wire or Center Line of Railroad Tracks
A - 14 Feet Min.

Figure 58-4 Requirements for Traffic Signals In Span Construction

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 Rule 58.5-B2

58.5 Street Lighting Equipment

A. Circuit Voltage

Constant current series lighting circuits supplied from

transformers or devices having an open circuit output voltage of
more than 750 volts, except those circuits supplied from
transformers or devices having a normal full-load output voltage
of 750 volts or less which transformers are equipped with
effective protective devices to prevent the continued existence
of open-circuit voltage on the circuit, shall be classified as
circuits of more than 750 volts.

Constant current series lighting circuits which conform to the

specifications for circuits of 0-750 volts may be installed and
treated as circuits of more than 750 volts provided any circuit so
treated in any respect is consistently so treated throughout its
entirety.

B. Clearances

(1) Above Ground: No part of street lighting equipment shall

be less than 20 feet above thoroughfares except for lamps
supported on brackets or fixtures which do not extend
more than 48 inches from the face of pole or street side of
curb, in which case the clearance may be reduced to 15
feet, provided the voltage does not exceed 750 volts (see
Fig. 58-5).

(2) Above Railways and Trolley Lines: No part of street

lighting equipment which is less than 8 1/2 feet
horizontally from centerline of tracks of railroads not
operated by overhead trolley shall be less than 25 feet
above such tracks.

No part of street lighting equipment which is less than 8

1/2 feet horizontally from the centerline of tracks or from
the nearest trolley contact conductor shall be less than 4
feet above the level of the trolley contact conductor or less
than 23 feet or 26 feet above running surfaces used by
trolley cars or coaches depending upon the location of the
contact conductors as required by Rule 74.4-B1.

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 Rule 58.5-B2

Those parts of street lighting equipment which are 8 1/2

feet or more horizontally from the centerline of any
railroad track or any trolley contact conductor shall not be
less than 20 feet above the surface of the thoroughfare,
except as provided in Rule 58.5-B1 (see Fig. 58-5).

(3) From Conductors:

(a) Messengers and Cables: All parts of street light

drop wires, street lamps, and their supporting fixtures
(including rods, braces and guys) shall not be less
than 1 foot above or 2 feet below the level of
messengers or conductors supported by messengers.
These vertical clearance requirements shall not apply
to those parts of such street lighting equipment which
are 2 feet or more horizontally from the vertical plane
of messengers, conductors supported by messengers,
and metal boxes.

(b) Conductors Not Supported by Messengers: All

parts of street light drop wires, street lamps, and their
supporting fixtures (including rods, braces and guys)
shall not be less than 1 foot radially from all
unprotected conductors not supported on messengers
(including lead wires and taps) except the lead wires
supplying the street lamps within 24 inches of their
points of entrance to the street lighting equipment.

(4) From Poles: All exposed metal parts of lamps and all
such parts of their supports, unless insulated from the
parts carrying current, shall be maintained not less than 20
inches from the surface of wood–poles, except at pole
tops. This rule shall not apply if the voltage of the circuit
from which the lamp is supplied does not exceed 750 volts.

C. Lead Wires

Unprotected conductors from one level on a pole or structure to

another level or to street lighting equipment shall not pass
within a climbing or working space, and shall not pass through
any other circuit except between pole pin positions.

Such unprotected conductors shall clear the conductors of other

circuits by distances as specified in Rule 54.6-A.

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 Rule 58.5-E

Where the distance between levels is in excess of 12 feet and

such unprotected conductors pass between the pole pair of
conductors of any other circuit, additional supports shall be
installed so that the maximum length of conductor between
supports is not more than 12 feet.

Unprotected leads to street lighting equipment shall be

maintained at not less than the clearances above railroads,
thoroughfares and ground specified for street lighting
equipment in Rule 58.5-B.

D. Insulators In Supports

Where a street lighting fixture is supported by a span wire,

strain insulators shall be inserted in the span wire on both sides
of the fixture not more than 9 feet nor less than 6 feet from the
structures supporting the span wire; except that, where such
span wire is used as a trolley for the purpose of drawing the
fixture to the pole, the strain insulator at the service end may
be located a distance not less than 15 inches from the
centerline of pole.

Where metallic ropes or chains are used for the suspension of

street lamps, said ropes or chains shall be effectively insulated
from current carrying parts of equipment and of such length
that when the lamp is in its normal position the lower end of the
chain or rope will not be less than 8 feet from the ground, or a
strain insulator shall be inserted in the free end of the rope or
chain at a point not less than 7 1/2 feet from the ground when
the lamp is in its normal position. Metallic ropes or chains shall
be arranged so that they do not establish a metallic conducting
path around a span wire sectionalizing insulator. In case this
construction will not permit the lamp to be lowered sufficiently
for trimming purposes, a nonmetallic rope shall be used (see
Fig. 58-5).

E. Lighting Units On Transformer or Switch Poles

Lighting units installed in the proximity of a transformer or

switch shall have the following minimum radial clearances:
1) Lighting units above 4 feet
2) Lighting units below 1 foot

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 Rule 58.5-F

F. EXCEPTIONS

Lighting units supported on ornamental posts and supplied from

underground sources are not included herein.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25. (Formerly Rule 58.2.)

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 Rule 58-5

750 - 7,500 V

4' Min.

6’ – 9’
6’ – 9’ 0 - 750 V

See Rule
Span
52.7-D
Wire

Less Than Less than

25' 8.5 Feet 48"
or See
26' Street Lamp Rule 58.5-B1
20' Minimum
25' 15'
Min. Min.

An insulator shall be inserted not

less than 7.5 feet above the ground
where distance between end of
chain (or metallic rope) and the
ground is less than 8 feet.

Figure 58-5
Requirements For Street Lamps in Span and Bracket Construction

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 Rule 58.6

58.6 Time Switches, Meters, Metal Boxes, Other Apparatus and

Associated Antennas

A. Grounded (See Rule 54.4–G)

B. Ungrounded

Time switches, meters, metal boxes, other apparatus and

associated antennas are not allowed in the climbing space.

C. Within 8 Feet of the Ground

Boxes or enclosures containing switches, meters, or other

apparatus having accessible live parts, which are located 8 feet or
less above the ground shall be effectively locked or sealed.

Metal boxes which contain supply or control equipment or

conductors and are located 8 feet or less above the ground shall
be effectively grounded.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

59 Common Primary and Secondary Grounded Neutral Systems

59.1 Definition (See Rule 20.8)

59.2 Applicability

The following rules cover certain special details for common neutral
systems where the neutral conductor is common to primary circuits of
less than 22,500 volts and secondary circuits of 0 - 750 volts supplied
therefrom. These rules are supplemental to the rules given for supply
lines in general and to other detailed construction requirements for
supply lines.

Note: Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

59.3 Conductors

A. Material

Conductors of common neutral systems shall be of suitable

corrosion–resisting materials, but shall not be of galvanized iron or
steel.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10; November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.

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 Rule 59.3-D1

B. Size
In common neutral systems, the neutral line conductor shall
have a minimum ampacity at each location of not less than
one–quarter (25%) that of the largest related primary phase
line conductor, provided that the short time ampacity of the
neutral conductor is maintained. The short time ampacity of a
common neutral conductor is either: the current that a non–
insulated conductor can carry for the time which the current
flows without annealing, melting or separating under the
applied tensions; or the current that an insulated conductor can
carry for the time that the current flows without damaging the
insulation.

No neutral line conductor need have greater ampacity than

either: the phase line conductor which would supply the ground
current, or the maximum current which can flow through the
neutral line conductor to the ground or electrode of the
common neutral grid system. The neutral line conductor shall
have a short time ampacity adequate for the fault current which
can flow in the neutral line conductor for the operating time of
the system protective device. If this value cannot be readily
determined, the continuous ampacity of the neutral line
conductor shall not be less than the full load continuous current
of the system supply transformers or other source of supply. In
no case shall the neutral conductor have less ampacity than No.
6 AWG medium–hard–drawn copper wire.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; November 6, 1992 by
Resolution SU–15.

C. Connections

All electrical connections shall be of suitable electrical and

mechanical design.

D. Arrangement and Continuity

The arrangement and continuity of common neutral conductors

shall conform to the following requirements:

(1) Continuity: Cross ties of the common neutral conductor

shall be made to form a continuous interconnected grid
network.

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 Rule 59.3-D2

(2) Minimum Number of Return Paths: There shall not be

less than two separate and continuous metallic return
conductor paths from the grid network to the substation
constituting the source of supply thereto.

(3) Two Return Conductor Paths: If only two return

common neutral conductors paths are used, each path
shall have a minimum ampacity of not less than one–
quarter (25%) that of the largest related primary phase
conductor, provided that the short time ampacity of the
common neutral conductor is maintained.

(4) More Than Two Return Conductor Paths: If more

than two return common neutral conductors paths are
used, the ampacity of the return system shall be such that
a break in any one path shall leave two or more return
common neutral paths. These combined paths shall have
a minimum ampacity of not less than one–quarter (25%)
that of the largest primary phase conductor of the
overhead feeder serving the area, provided that the short
time ampacity of the common neutral conductor is
maintained.

(5) Primary and Secondary Neutral Conductors: Primary

neutral conductors or secondary neutral conductors, where
continuous, may be used as a return loop from a common
neutral provided they have sufficient ampacity as specified
in Rule 59.3–B and are grounded throughout in accordance
with the requirements for common neutral conductors as
specified in Rule 59.4–B. Primary or secondary neutral line
conductors so used shall be carried in the normal primary
or secondary positions, respectively.

Note: Revised March 29,1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 19, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; November 6, 1992 by
Resolution SU–15.

E. Common Neutral Line Conductor Location

(1) With Primary Circuits: On poles where all circuits are in

excess of 750 volts, the common neutral line conductor
may be located in a conductor position in the primary
space.

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 Rule 59.3-F

(2) With Secondary Circuits: On poles where all circuits of

a common neutral system are of less than 750 volts, the
common neutral line conductor shall be located in a
secondary conductor position.

(3) With Primary and Secondary Circuits: On poles where

circuits of a common neutral system are of more and less
than 750 volts, the common neutral line conductor shall be
located in a related secondary conductor position; or
common neutral line conductors may be located in both
primary and secondary positions provided a metallic
connection of a size not smaller than the largest neutral
line conductor involved is installed between the neutral
conductors in accordance with the construction
requirements for ground wires on poles at each location
where a ground is required, and provided proper
designation (see Rule 59.3–F) is made of the common
neutral conductor in the primary position.

(4) In Metal Riser Conduits: Common neutral conductors

may be installed in the same metal riser conduits with
related phase conductors, provided that the metal riser
conduit is effectively grounded.

Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.

(5) Under Crossarms: Incidental pole wiring connected to

the common neutral conductor may be stapled to the
underside of crossarms, provided the installation is such as
to offer the least possibility of contact to workmen and
such wiring under crossarms, in the primary position, is
covered by a suitable protective covering.

F. Designation of Common Neutral

In common neutral systems, where the common neutral line

conductor is installed in a primary pin position, it shall be
designated at each pin position with the letters “CN”. A
weather and corrosion–resisting material shall be used and the
letters shall be clearly legible.

Optional marking methods are:

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 Rule 59.3-F1

(1) A tag having a minimum diameter of not less than 1 inch

upon which shall be permanently imprinted the letters “CN”
not less than 5/16 inch in height. Said tag shall be attached
securely to and maintained on the common neutral
conductor at a distance not more than 12 inches from the
surface of the conductor support.

(2) Solid letters not less than 3 inches in height or a sign

showing the letters “CN” not less than 3 inches in height,
solid or with letters cut out therefrom. Said letters or signs
shall be placed on the face of a crossarm, suitable for
attaching the letters or signs, directly beneath the common
neutral support, or said letters or signs shall be placed on
the surface of the pole beneath the common neutral
support.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992, by Resolution SU–10.

59.4 Grounding

A. Material and Size

(1) Grounding Conductors: The grounding conductors of

the common neutral system shall conform to each of the
following requirements:

(a) The grounding conductor from each ground rod to the

base of the pole shall not be less than 1 foot below the
surface of the ground.

(b) The grounding conductor from each ground rod to the

base of the pole shall not have less ampacity and
mechanical strength than the grounding conductor
from the base of the pole to the common neutral
conductor.

(c) The grounding conductor from the ground rod to the

common neutral conductor shall be continuous, unless
suitable electrical compression connections are used.

(d) The grounding conductor shall have a minimum

ampacity equivalent to No. 4 AWG copper.

Note: Revised September 11, 1974 by Decision No. 83420; November 6, 1992 by Revision SU–15.

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 Rule 59.4-B1

(2) Ground Rods (Ground Electrodes): Ground rods on

common neutral systems shall conform to each of the
following requirements:

(a) Ground rods shall be one–piece corrosion–resisting

metal rods or pipes (or equivalent in physical and
electrical properties).
(b) Ground rods shall not be less than 5/8 inch in diameter
by 8 feet in length.
(c) Ground rods shall be driven into the ground so that
one end of the ground rod is at a minimum depth of 8
feet below the surface of the ground.
(d) Pole–butt plates or wrappings shall not be used either
in lieu of the aforesaid ground rods, pipes, or as
electrodes supplementary thereto.
(e) On branch circuits extending from the grid, where
return metallic paths are not available, the driven
ground rod(s), pipe(s), or equivalent shall be located
24 inches or more from the surface of the pole. This
24 inches clearance does not apply to the grounding
conductor between ground rods.

(f) Where two or more such rods are installed, they shall
be located at not less than 6 foot centers.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; September 11, 1974 by
Decision No. 83420; November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.

B. Neutral Conductors

(1) Locations: The common neutral grid system shall be

grounded at intervals not greater than 1,000 feet. On
branch circuits extending from a grid, where return loop
paths are not available, the common neutral conductor
shall be grounded at intervals not greater than 500 feet.
For each transformer installed on a branch circuit without a
loop return, the transformer shall be so located that there
will be one or more grounds, of a combined resistance not
greater than 3.5 ohms.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; November 6, 1992 by
Resolution SU–15.

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 Rule 59.4-B2

(2) Resistance: Where a common neutral system is used,

the resistance of the continuous metallic neutral grid to
ground at any point shall not exceed 3.5 ohms at any time.

EXCEPTION: If, after a definite effort has been made, it is

found not practicable to meet the above
requirement, the following alternate
requirement will be accepted:

The resistance between any point of the continuous metallic

neutral grid and the ground connection at the substation
shall normally not exceed 1 ohm. However, if the resistance
exceeds 1 ohm, it shall be lower than that of any individual
ground connection on the grid, but in no case shall it be
greater than 2 ohms.

(3) Measurement of Resistance: Measurement of

resistance by any suitable method is recognized.

Note: Under the requirements of Rule 59.4–B2, when the resistance exceeds 1 ohm but is to be less than 2 ohms,
suitable ground rod connections (joints) and demonstrable calculations, instead of neutral conductor resistance
measurements, will be accepted.

C. Transformers

Ground conductors of transformers on common neutral systems

shall conform to the requirements of Rule 59.4–A1.

On common neutral systems with transformers installed on a

branch circuit without a common neutral loop return, each
transformer shall be so located that there will be one or more
grounds of a combined resistance not greater than 3.5 ohms.

A transformer installation located on a grid section of a common

neutral system requires no independent ground provided there is a
ground connection, having a resistance not in excess of 3.5 ohms,
to the common neutral conductor either at the transformer pole or
at an adjacent pole.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094; November 6, 1992 by
Resolution SU–15.

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 Section VI
Detailed Construction Requirements for Tower Lines
and Extra High Voltage Lines (Class E Circuits)

Rule Page

60. General VI-3

61. Towers VI-3
61.1 Definition VI-3
61.2 Maintenance and Inspection VI-3
61.3 Material and Strength VI-3
A. Material VI-3
(1) Tower Members VI-3
(2) Overhead Ground Wires or Lightning Protection Wires VI-4
(3) Guys and Anchor Rods VI-4
(a) Guys VI-4
(b) Anchor Rods VI-4
B. Strength VI-4
61.4 Clearances VI-4
A. From Railroad Tracks VI-4
61.5 Dimensions and Settings VI-4
61.6 Marking and Guarding VI-5
A. Marking VI-5
B. Guarding VI-5
61.7 Stepping VI-6
62. (Blank)
63. Deadends, Conductor Suspensions and Fastenings VI-7
63.1 Maintenance and Inspection VI-7
63.2 Material and Strength VI-7
63.3 Deadend and Suspension Spacing VI-7
63.4 Bonding VI-7
64. Conductors VI-7

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 Rule Page

64.1 Definition VI-7

64.2 Maintenance and Inspection VI-7
64.3 Material and Strength VI-7
64.4 Clearances VI-7
A. Above Ground VI-7
B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines VI-7
C. Between Conductors VI-8
(1) On Different Crossarms on the Same Structure, Triangular
and Vertical Configuration VI-8
(2) On the Same Crossarm, Same Phase or Polarity VI-8
65. Conductor Insulators VI-8
65.1 Material VI-8
65.2 Strength VI-8
66. Guys VI-8
66.1 Definition VI-8
66.2 Use VI-8
66.3 Material and Strength VI-9
66.4 Clearances VI-9
66.5 Fastenings VI-9
66.6 Grounding of Anchor Guys VI-9
66.7 Guy Marker (Guy Guard) VI-9

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 Section VI
Detailed Construction Requirements for Tower Lines
and Extra High Voltage Lines (Class E Circuits)
Rule 61.3-A1

60 General
The following rules cover certain special details for the construction of tower
lines and extra high voltage lines.
These rules are supplemented, in certain cases, by rules in other sections.
See Section X for special rules applicable to line crossings or conflicts; see
Section XI for special rules applicable to lines crossing railways.

61 Towers
61.1 Definition (See Rule 22.1-C)
For the purposes of this rule only, the following definitions apply:

A. Adjacent: An area within close proximity, lying near, close,

adjoining or sharing a common boundary, bordering; such as a
field adjacent to the highway. Approximately 1/8 mile or 660
feet.
B. Near: At a short distance. Approximately 1/4 mile or 1,320
feet.
C. Rural: Areas with a population of less than 1,000 persons per
square mile as determined by the United States Bureau of the
census.
D. Urban: Areas with a population of more than 1,000 persons
per square mile as determined by the United States Bureau of
the census.
Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

61.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

61.3 Material and Strength (also see Section IV)

A. Material

(1) Tower Members: Tower members shall have a thickness

of metal equivalent to the following:

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 Rule 61.3-A1

Galvanized steel: Main corner members, 3/16 inch; other

members, 1/8 inch.
Painted steel: Main corner members, 1/4 inch; other
members, 3/16 inch. All iron or steel members of towers
and all hardware subject to injurious corrosion under the
prevailing conditions shall be protected by galvanizing,
painting or other treatment which will effectively retard
corrosion.

(2) Overhead Ground Wires or Lightning Protection

Wires: Overhead ground wires or lightning protection
wires shall be galvanized steel cable not less than 1/4 inch
in diameter, or other corrosion resistant material of equal
tensile strength. Where overhead ground wires are not
used, effort shall be made to secure an effectively
grounded structure.

(3) Guys and Anchor Rods:

(a) Guys: Guys shall be galvanized steel strand not less

than 5/16 inch in diameter, or other corrosion resistant
material of equal tensile strength, or they shall be
rolled rods of galvanized steel or other corrosion
resistant material with tensile strength not less than
the tensile strength of 5/16 inch diameter galvanized
steel strand.

(b) Anchor Rods: Anchor rods shall be galvanized steel

not less than 5/8 inch in diameter or shall be of equal
strength and durability.

B. Strength
Where support structures are used which are not capable of
withstanding substantially as great a stress longitudinally as
transversely, longitudinal guying shall be used. The line as a
whole shall be designed so that a failure of an individual
support structure shall not cause successive failures of more
than ten additional support structures.

61.4 Clearances

A. From Railroad Tracks (See Rule 36; also, Appendix E)

61.5 Dimensions and Settings (See Section IV)

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 Rule 61.6-B

61.6 Marking and Guarding

A. Marking

All towers shall be equipped with signs designed to warn the

public of the danger of climbing same. Additionally, such signs
shall include a graphic depiction of the dangers of falling or
electrocution associated with climbing the towers. Such signs
shall be placed and arranged so that they may be read from the
four corners of the tower. Such signs shall be neither less than
8 feet nor more than 20 feet above the ground except where
the lowest horizontal member of the tower is more than 20 feet
above the ground in which case the sign shall be not more than
30 feet above the ground.
When a fence or wall is used as a barrier around a tower (Rule
61.6-B), it shall be equipped with signs designed to warn the
public of the danger of unauthorized entry. Warning signs shall
be installed at every gate and at intervals of not more than 100
feet along each fence or wall that is used as a barrier. When
warning signs are installed on barrier fencing or walls, no signs
are required to be installed on the tower or structure.

B. Guarding

Where a tower of a design which can be easily climbed supports

supply conductors and is located in urban districts, or in rural
areas adjacent to schools, dwellings, permanent or seasonal
camps, or in orchards, or near roads or trails which are
frequently traveled, a suitable barrier shall be installed on or
around such towers, or other provisions shall be made to
prevent easy climbing.

When a fence or wall is used as a suitable barrier around a

tower the construction shall be designed, installed and
maintained in such manner as to reasonably deny access over,
under or through the fencing or wall to all but authorized
persons.

Material and Height:

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 Rule 61.6-B1

(1) Fencing shall be of a fabric, such as galvanized steel,

woven mesh or links (commonly known as chain-link or
cyclone fencing) or other suitable metallic or nonmetallic
material, extending from ground level to a minimum height
of eight feet, or extending from ground level to a minimum
height of seven feet with an extension of not less than 12
inches of barbed wire (three or more strands), razor wire
or similar deterrent.
(2) Walls or other types of construction shall be of a material
which will present an equivalent barrier to climbing or
other unauthorized entry, extending from ground level to a
minimum height of eight feet, or extending from ground
level to a minimum height of seven feet with an extension
of not less than 12 inches of barbed wire (three or more
strands), razor wire or similar deterrent.
Gates shall be of a design and maintained in a manner
compatible with the barriers specified in this rule.
A minimum radial distance of six feet shall be maintained
between any portion of the fence or wall and the tower.
The provisions of this rule shall not apply to towers or
structures within fenced substation yards.
When a utility’s designated personnel become aware of and
verify that an unauthorized person has climbed a tower, that
tower shall then be guarded as provided in rule 61.6B.
Note: It is the intent of Rule 61.6-B to require such guarding as will prevent easy climbing of these towers. It is not
intended that such guarding will be required in rural areas.

Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

61.7 Stepping

All towers which are required to be climbed by workmen shall be

provided with steps or ladders. Steps or ladders shall start at not
less than 7 feet 6 inches from the ground line or from any easily
climbed foreign structure, within 6 feet of a tower, from which one
could reach or step, including tower footings. The spacing between
steps on the same side of the tower legs shall not exceed 36
inches.

When a fence or wall is used as a suitable barrier (Rule 61.6-B) the

steps or ladders may extend to the ground level.

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 Rule 64.4-B

Where the members of the tower are so arranged that qualified

persons may climb the tower safely, no steps or ladders need be
provided.
Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

62 (Blank)

63 Deadends, Conductor Suspensions and Fastenings

63.1 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

63.2 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.5)

63.3 Deadend and Suspension Spacing (See Table 1 and Table 2)

63.4 Bonding

Bonding is not required by these rules. It is recognized that under

certain conditions it may be deemed necessary. Where phase-to-
phase bonding is used, the bond wire or strap shall have a
conductivity of not less than No. 10 AWG copper wire.

64 Conductors

64.1 Definition (See Rule 20.9)

64.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

64.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.4)

64.4 Clearances

Allowable variations in clearances due to side swing of suspension

insulators, temperature, loading, etc., are given in Rules 37 and 38.

A. Above Ground

The clearances shall be those specified in Rule 37.

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines

The clearances shall be those specified in Rule 37.

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May 2018
 Rule 64.4-C

C. Between Conductors

The minimum allowable clearances between conductors are

specified in Rule 38, Table 2, with the following modifications for
supply conductors:
These modifications, like the tabular values, are also subject to
the allowable variations specified in Rule 38.

(1) On Different Crossarms on the Same Structure,

Triangular and Vertical Configuration: Crossarms used
to support conductors of a circuit at different levels (as in
triangular or vertical configuration) need not be spaced as
in Table 2.
(2) On the Same Crossarms, Same Phase or Polarity: The
clearance specified in Table 2, Cases 15 and 17, are not
required between conductors of both the same potential
and the same phase or polarity, such as bundle conductors.

65 Conductor Insulators

65.1 Material

Insulators used on high voltage supply lines shall be porcelain or

other equally suitable material to withstand the applied voltage.

65.2 Strength (See Rule 49.5)

66 Guys

66.1 Definition (See Rule 21.5)

66.2 Use

Where mechanical loads imposed on towers or structures are

greater than can be supported with safety factors as specified in
rule 44 or the design of such towers and structures requires it,
additional strength shall be provided by the use of guys or other
suitable construction.

Where guys are used with structures capable of considerable

deflection before failure, the guys shall be able to support the
entire load, the structure below the point of guy attachment acting
merely as a strut.

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 Rule 66.7

Guys shall be attached to structures, as nearly as practicable, at

the center of load. They shall be maintained taut and of such
strength as to meet safety factors of rule 44.

66.3 Material and Strength (See Rules 49.6 And 61.3)

66.4 Clearances

The basic minimum clearances of overhead guys above the ground

and from other wires or cables are specified in tables 1 and 2.
Modifications of these basic clearances are specified in rules 37 and
38. the minimum clearance of 18 feet for overhead guys of high
voltage supply lines shall not be decreased along public
thoroughfares or railways.

For clearances of anchor guys from overhead guys, span wires and
conductors supported on other poles or structures, see Rule 56.4.

66.5 Fastenings

Anchor guys shall be protected by the use of guy thimbles or their

equivalent where attached to anchor rods or through bolts.

66.6 Grounding of Anchor Guys

Anchor guys exposed to high voltage supply lines shall be securely

grounded but may be sectionalized. Anchor guys which are
attached to grounded towers or structures need not be provided
with a separate ground.

66.7 Guy Marker (Guy Guard) (See Rule 56.9)

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 By Resolution Su-6.

Note: Section VI Revised March 30, 1968 By Decision No. 73813.

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VI-10
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 Section VII
Detailed Construction Requirements for Trolley and Electric
Railway Contact and Feeder Conductors and Their Supporting
Messengers, Span Wires, Etc. (Class T Circuits)

Rule Page

70. General VII-5

71. Poles, Towers and Structures VII-5
71.1 Definition VII-5
71.2 Maintenance and Inspection VII-5
71.3 Material and Strength VII-5
71.4 Clearances VII-5
A. From Railroad Tracks VII-5
71.5 Dimensions and Settings VII-5
71.6 Marking and Guarding VII-5
A. Marking VII-6
B. Guarding of Latticed Poles and Latticed Structures VII-6
71.7 Stepping VII-6
72. Crossarms VII-6
72.1 Definition VII-6
72.2 Maintenance and Inspection VII-6
72.3 Material and Strength VII-6
72.4 Marking VII-6
72.5 Hardware VII-6
A. Protection Against Corrosion VII-6
B. Separation Between Different Hardware Elements VII-6
73. Pins, Deadends and Conductor Fastenings VII-6
73.1 Maintenance and Inspection VII-6
73.2 Material and Strength VII-6
73.3 Pin and Deadend Spacing VII-6
73.4 Bonding and Grounding VII-6

VII-1
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 Rule Page

74. Conductors VII-7

74.1 Definition VII-7
74.2 Maintenance and Inspection VII-7
74.3 Material and Strength VII-7
74.4 Clearances VII-7
A. Above Ground VII-7
B. Above Railways VII-7
(1) Tracks VII-8
(2) At Grade Crossings of Railroads VII-8
C. Between Conductors VII-8
D. From Poles VII-9
E. Under Bridges, etc. VII-11
F. At Points of Failure VII-12
(1) Overhead Trolley Contact Conductors VII-12
(2) Trolley Contact Conductors of More than 1,500 Volts VII-12
G. From Span Wires, Guys and Messengers VII-14
(1) Span Wires and Contact Conductors VII-14
(2) Trolley Contact Conductors of 750 - 7,500 Volts VII-14
(3) Feeder and Equalizer Cables VII-14
74.5 Sags VII-14
74.6 Vertical and Lateral Conductors VII-14
74.7 Climbing and Working Space VII-14
75. Conductor Insulators VII-14
76. Guys and Anchors VII-15
77. Span Wires, Backbones, Messengers, etc. VII-15
77.1 Definitions VII-15
77.2 Inclusions VII-15
77.3 Material and Strength VII-15
A. Material VII-15
B. Strength VII-15

VII-2
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 Rule Page

77.4 Clearances VII-15

A. Above Railways VII-16
B. Under Bridges, etc. VII-16
C. From Conductors VII-16
D. From Guys or Span Wires VII-16
E. From Poles and Crossarms VII-17
77.5 Fastenings VII-17
77.6 Requirements for Sectionalizing Insulators VII-17
A. Span Wires VII-17
(1) Supporting One Contact Conductor VII-17
(2) Supporting Two or More Contact Conductors of
Same Polarity VII-18
(3) Supporting Contact Conductors of Opposite Polarity VII-18
(4) Feeder Cables Used as Span Wires VII-19
(5) Feeder Cables Used as Auxiliary Span Wires VII-19
(6) Feeder Cables Crossing Poles VII-20
B. Backbones and Pull–offs VII-20
(1) Backbones Supported on Crossarms VII-20
(2) Backbone Attached to Poles VII-20
(3) Pull–offs VII-20
C. Brackets or Bracket Arms VII-20
(1) General VII-21
(2) Exceptions VII-21
(3) Feeder Conductors VII-21
D. Messengers VII-22
78. Attachments of Feeder, Communication or Foreign Conductors VII-22
78.1 Feeder Conductors VII-22
78.2 Private Communication Conductors VII-22
A. Attached to Unenergized Span Wires VII-23
B. Attached to Energized Span Wires VII-23

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 Rule Page

78.3 Foreign Conductors VII-23

A. Attachment to Span Wires VII-23
(1) Decorative Lighting Fixtures and Circuits VII-23
(2) Decorative Garlands and Other Unenergized Decorations VII-24
B. Attachment to Poles VII-24
C. Attachment of Auxiliary Span Wires to Poles Supporting Trolley
Contact Conductors VII-24
79. Third Rails VII-25
79.1 General Provisions VII-25
79.2 Protective Guards and Coverings VII-26
79.3 Locations VII-26
79.4 Fencing VII-26
A. At Ground Level VII-26
B. Material and Height VII-26
C. Barrier Protection of Fencing VII-26
D. Gates VII-27
79.5 Warning Signs VII-27
79.6 Inspections VII-27

VII-4
May 2018
 Section VII
Detailed Construction Requirements for Trolley and Electric
Railway Contact and Feeder Conductors and Their Supporting
Messengers, Span Wires, Etc. (Class T Circuits)
Rule 71.6

70 General

The following rules cover certain special details for the construction of Class
T circuits, together with their supporting messengers, span wires and
appurtenances. These rules are in many cases supplemental to the rules for
supply lines in general (Class T circuits being by definition supply lines),
which general rules, including construction details of Section V, must be
observed, except where clearly inapplicable or where specifically modified
herein.

When the use of a special type of construction appears desirable or is

necessary, and these rules are not clearly applicable thereto, the
Commission will consider the application for such modification or
amplification of these rules as shall be deemed necessary to apply to such
case of special construction (see Rules 15 and 16).

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

71 Poles, Towers and Structures

71.1 Definition (See rules 22.1–C and 22.6)

71.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

71.3 Material and Strength

The strength of poles shall be as prescribed in Section IV, except that

in computing the strength of poles supporting Class T circuits,
consideration shall be given the stresses set up by the dead weight of
brackets, span wires, etc.

71.4 Clearances

A. From Railroad Tracks (See Rule 36)

71.5 Dimensions and Settings (See Rules 49.1–B and 49.1–C)

71.6 Marking and Guarding

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 Rule 71.6-A

A. Marking
Poles supporting only Class T conductors, in excess of 750 volts
not on crossarms need not be marked as supporting high voltage
conductors as required by Rule 51.6.
B. Guarding of Latticed Poles and Latticed Structures (See Rule
51.6–B)

71.7 Stepping (See Rule 91.3-B)

Note: Revised January 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

72 Crossarms

72.1 Definition (See Rule 21.0)

72.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

72.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.2)

72.4 Marking

The provisions of Rule 52.4 apply to crossarms supporting Class T

conductors except that any crossarm (either of wood or metal) or any
appliance used in lieu thereof attached to poles or structures which
support only Class T conductors of more than 750 volts, or such
conductors and private communication conductors of the same
ownership, need not be marked as supporting high voltage
conductors.

72.5 Hardware

A. Protection Against Corrosion (See rule 49.8)

B. Separation Between Different Hardware Elements (See Rules

52.7–C and 52.7–D)

73 Pins, Deadends and Conductor Fastenings

73.1 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

73.2 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.3)

73.3 Pins and Deadend Spacing (Table 2, Case 15)

VII-6
May 2018
 Rule 74.4-B

73.4 Bonding and Grounding (See Rules 52.7–F and 53.4)

74 Conductors

74.1 Definition (See Rule 20.9)

74.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

74.3 Material and Strength

In determining strength requirements, Class T lines are classed as

supply lines of equal voltage and will take grades of construction
accordingly. This will generally mean Grade “C” construction for DC
trolley lines of 0 - 750 volts, Grade “A” or “B” being required at
crossings over railways according to the importance of the railway
crossed (see Rule 22.9, Table 3, Rule 49.4 and Section XI).

The minimum size which shall be used for trolley contact conductors
on public streets or highways is No. 0 solid medium– hard–drawn
copper, or other wire of equal strength.

The minimum size of wire to be used as a feeder span or feeder

auxiliary span wire shall be No. 4/0 stranded medium–hard–drawn
copper or other wire of equal strength.

74.4 Clearances

Except where specifically designated, Class T conductors take

clearances specified for supply lines of like voltage.

A. Above Ground

The minimum vertical clearances above ground for Class T

conductors shall be those specified in Rule 37, Table 1. References
to rules modifying the tabulated values for supply conductors and
Class T conductors of equal voltage are given in notes following
Table 1.

B. Above Railways

VII-7
May 2018
 Rule 74.4-B1

(1) Tracks: The vertical clearance of 22.5 feet above rails for
trolley contact, feeder and span wires of Table 1, Case 2,
Column C, may be decreased to 19 feet where the railway
involved does not transport nor proposes to transport freight
cars.

Note: Revised February 1, 1948 by Supplement No. 1 (Decision No. 41134, Case No. 4324) and January 13, 2005 by
Decision No. 0501030.

(2) At Grade Crossings of Railroads: Unless electric railroad

systems are protected by interlocking plant at grade
crossings with interurban or other heavy or high speed
railway systems, the trolley contact conductors shall be at the
same elevation above their own tracks throughout the
crossing and next adjoining spans. In addition to the above,
catenary construction shall be provided when crossing spans
exceed 100 feet (see Figure 74–2). This rule is not intended
to apply where pantograph collector or similar device is used.

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

C. Between Conductors

The minimum clearances specified in Case 2, Column D; Case 4,

Column B; Case 5, Column E and Case 15, Column D of Table 2
are not required between Class T conductors of the same potential
and system.

The minimum clearance of 24 inches specified in Table 2, Case 9,

Column D, is not required between trolley feeders of the same
system provided, however, that the clearance shall be not less
than 12 inches.

The minimum clearance of 48 inches specified in Table 2, Case 2,

Column D, and Case 4, Column B is not required in double trolley
construction between feeder auxiliary span cables or equalizer
cables and trolley contact conductors of opposite polarity provided,
however, that the clearance shall be not less than 18 inches or,
where the feeder or equalizer cables are attached to the span
wires in accordance with Rule 74.4–G3, the clearance shall be not
less then 3 inches at the point of crossing the trolley contact
conductor.

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May 2018
 Rule 74.4-D

Trolley contact conductors of the same system but of opposite

polarity, (as in double trolley construction) or of different systems
and of the same or opposite polarity, shall have a separation of
not less than 11–1/2 inches. Excepted from this provision are
conductors at switches, frogs, crossings, etc., in which locations a
vertical separation of not less than 3 inches shall be maintained
between conductors of opposite polarity.

D. From Poles

Class T conductors of not more than 750 volts and of the same
polarity, potential and system which are carried on poles
supporting no other conductors are not required to obtain the
clearance of 15 inches from center line of pole (Table 1, Case 8),
but shall comply with the clearance of 3 inches from surface of
pole (Table 1, Case 9). The attachment of clearance arms for
either supply or communication service drops does not affect the
pole clearance of Class T conductors which are carried on one side
or the top of a pole.

Where Class T conductors are carried on more than one side of

jointly occupied poles the clearances of Table 1, Cases 8 and 9,
shall apply and a climbing space conforming to Rule 54.7 shall be
provided.

VII-9
May 2018
 Rule 74.4-D

Rule 74.4-B2

Same elevation
above rails
Crossing Span required as in
100 Feet or Less crossing span

Electric Railroad

Heavy or
High Speed
Railroad

Catenary Construction Same elevation

Required if Crossing above rails required
Exceeds 100 Feet as in crossing span

Electric Railroad

Heavy or
High Speed
Railroad

Figure 74-2
Trolley Contact Conductors at Grade Crossing of Railroads

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May 2018
 Rule 74.4-E

Class T conductors of not more than 750 volts passing unattached

shall clear nonclimbable street lighting and traffic signal poles, or
standards, including mastarms, brackets, and lighting fixtures; a
radial distance of 15 inches as specified in Table 1, Case 10,
Column C; except when the conductors are mechanically protected
from abrasion by materials specified in Rule 22.8. Such mechanical
protection shall extend 15 inches in each direction along the cable
from centerline of pole, standard, attaching mastarms, or fixtures;
whether passing above, below or alongside. The conductors shall
be installed in such a manner so as not to interfere with light
distribution from lighting fixtures and shall not hamper workmen
changing lamps or maintaining equipment.

Note: Modified January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186.

E. Under Bridges, Etc.

A reduction of the clearances given in Table 1 to a minimum of 14

feet for trolley contact conductors is permitted for subways,
tunnels or bridges, and for 0 - 750 volt conductors within exclusive
and semi–exclusive rights–of–way as defined by Alignment
Classification 9.04–a. and 9.04–b.(1) contained in General Order
No. 143–A, “Safety Rules and Regulations Governing Light–Rail
Transit”, provided the railway does not operate freight cars where
the vertical distance from the top of car or load to trolley contact
conductor is less than 6 feet. This will require the grading of the
trolley contact conductor from the prescribed construction down to
the reduced elevation (see Figure 74–1).

No clearance is specified between the trolley contact conductor

and the structure. Where the structure is of material which will
ground the trolley current in the event the collector leaves the
contact conductor, a properly insulated trolley trough or equivalent
protection shall be installed to prevent contact between the
collector and the structure. Where pantograph collectors are used,
this protection is not required. See Rule 54.4–I for provisions
applicable to conductors other than trolley contact conductors.
Note: Modified June 27, 1978 by Decision No. 89022; and January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

VII-11
May 2018
 Rule 74.4-F

F. At Points of Failure

(1) Overhead Trolley Contact Conductors: All overhead

trolley contact conductors shall be so supported and
arranged that the breaking of a single “suspension” or
fastening will not allow the trolley conductor, or live span
wire, or current carrying connections to come within 10 feet
from the ground or from any platform accessible to the
general public. This does not apply to feeder taps to or from
trolley contact conductors (see Appendix G, Figs. 65 and
66).

(2) Trolley Contact Conductors of More than 1,500 Volts:

Where in urban districts and not on fenced rights– of–way,
trolley contact conductors of more than 1,500 volts shall be
so suspended that if the conductor is broken at a single
point it cannot fall within 10 feet from the ground or from
any platform accessible to the general public. This practically
requires catenary construction.

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May 2018
 Rule 74.4-E

Standard
Height of Gradual Grade
Trolley

14 Ft. Min.

Height allowed at Note:

subways tunnels 14 foot minimum is allowed for
or bridges, etc. 0 - 750 volt conductors within
14 foot minimum exclusive light-rail transit
rights-of-way which are protected
by fences or substantial barriers
(see Rule 74.4-E)

Figure 74-1

VII-13
May 2018
 Rule 74.4-G

G. From Span Wires, Guys and Messengers

The minimum clearances of conductors from span wires, guys and

messengers are specified in Table 2 and are modified for Class T
conductors by the following rules and by Rule 78.

(1) Span Wires and Contact Conductors: The minimum

clearance of 48 inches specified in Table 2, Case 1, Column
B, and Case 2, Column A, is not required between span wires
and trolley contact conductors supported therefrom.

(2) Trolley Contact Conductors of 750 - 7,500 Volts: The

clearance specified in Table 2, Case 1, Column E, and Case 5,
Column A, shall be increased to not less than 48 inches
where trolley contact conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts are
involved. These clearances are not intended to apply to span
wires and trolley contact conductors supported therefrom.

(3) Feeder and Equalizer Cables: Feeder auxiliary span cables

or equalizer cables shall be installed at a distance not less
than 18 inches above the span wire (see Appendix G, Figure
67), or in lieu thereof, such cables, when protected by the
equivalent of triple–braid weatherproof covering, may be
supported not less than 2–1/2 inches above the span wire by
insulating supports attached to the span wire at intervals of
not more than 5 feet.

74.5 Sags (See Rule 54.5)

74.6 Vertical and Lateral Conductors (See Rule 54.6)

74.7 Climbing and Working Space

The requirements of Rule 54.7 apply to poles supporting Class T

conductors except where in accordance with the provisions of Rule
74.4–D conductors are permitted to have clearances from center line
of pole less than are specified in Table 1, Case 8.

75 Conductor Insulators (See Rule 55)

VII-14
May 2018
 Rule 77.4

76 Guys and Anchors

All of the provisions of Rule 56 are applicable to guys and anchors in trolley
lines but are not intended to apply to trolley span wires, or other wires or
cables used to support trolley contact conductors. Provisions applicable to
trolley span wires are in Rule 77.

77 Span Wires, Backbones, Messengers, Etc.

77.1 Definitions (See Rules 20.1, 22.3, 23.5)

77.2 Inclusions

The provisions of Rule 77 apply to span wires, backbones,

messengers, cross span wires, pull–offs, trolley strain guys and any
other wires used to support trolley contact conductors and
appurtenances.

77.3 Material and Strength

A. Material

Span wires, backbones, messengers, etc., shall be stranded and of

galvanized steel or other corrosion–resisting material of equal
durability.

B. Strength

The strength of span wires, backbones, messengers, etc., shall be

such that the safety factors of Rule 44 are met.

77.4 Clearances

The basic clearances for trolley span wires are specified in Table 1,
Column C and in Table 2, Column A. Modifications of these basic
clearances are specified in Rules 37 and 38 and by the following
provisions:

VII-15
May 2018
 Rule 77.4-A

A. Above Railways

The vertical clearance of 22.5 feet above rails for trolley span
wires (Table 1, Case 2, Column C) may be decreased to 19 feet
where the railway involved does not transport nor proposes to
transport freight cars.

Note: Revised February 1, 1948 by Supplement No. 1 (Decision No. 41134, Case No. 4324) and January 13, 2005 by
Decision No. 0501030.

B. Under Bridges, Etc.

A reduction of the clearances given in Table 1 to a clearance of

not less than 14 feet above the rails is permitted for trolley span
wires under bridges, in tunnels, or in subways, and for 0 - 750 volt
conductors within exclusive and semi–exclusive rights–of– way as
defined by Alignment Classification 9.04–a. and 9.04– b.(1),
contained in General Order No. 143–A, “Safety Rules and
Regulations Governing Light–Rail Transit”, provided the railway
does not transport freight cars where the vertical distance from
the top of car or load to trolley contact conductor is less than 6
feet. The grading of the level of trolley span wires from the basic
clearance to this reduced clearance is permitted at approaches to
bridges, tunnels, or subways.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

C. From Conductors

The clearances of trolley span wires from conductors shall be as

specified in Table 2, Column A, except as modified by the
provisions of Rules 74.4–G and 78.

D. From Guys or Span Wires

The clearance specified in Table 2, Case 1, Column A (18 inches)

is not required between trolley span wires, backbones,
messengers, and similar wires or cables, used to support trolley
contact conductors and appurtenances.

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May 2018
 Rule 77.6-A1

E. From Poles and Crossarms

The clearances specified in Table 1, Column C, Cases 8 and 9, are

not intended to apply to insulated (unenergized) portions of span
wires, backbones, messengers, pull–offs and similar equipment at
the poles to which they are attached.

77.5 Fastenings

Hardware by which span wires, messengers, etc. are dead ended to

poles or structures shall have a strength at least equal to that of the
strand to which they are attached. Cedar and other soft–wood poles
around which any span wire or messenger having an ultimate
strength of 5,000 pounds or more is wrapped, shall be protected by
suitable shims. Hooks, lag bolts or other equivalent means to prevent
the span wire or messenger from slipping along the pole shall be
provided where necessary.

77.6 Requirements for Sectionalizing Insulators

Span wires, backbones, messengers, etc., shall be sectionalized by

means of insulators placed in them in accordance with the following
rules.

Insulators used in the sectionalizing of span wires, backbones and

messengers shall conform to the specifications for guy insulators as
given in Rule 56.8 based on the voltage of the trolley contact
conductor.

A. Span Wires

(1) Supporting One Contact Conductor: One insulator

(preferably of the interlocking strain type) shall be placed in
the span wire between 4 feet and 5 feet (measured along
the span wire) from each hanger or point of support of the
trolley contact conductor and its appurtenances which have
electrical contact therewith. Where the angle between the
span wire and contact conductor is so small that the insulator
will interfere with the movement of the current collecting
device, such insulator may be installed more than 5 feet
(measured along the span wire) from the contact conductor,
but shall be not more than 4 feet in a perpendicular direction
from the contact conductor (see Appendix G, Figs. 68 and
69).

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May 2018
 Rule 77.6-A1

A second insulator (preferably of the interlocking strain type)

shall be placed in the span wire not less than 6 feet and not
more than 9 feet from the pole or structure.

The separation between the first and second insulators shall

be at least 4 feet wherever practicable but where the
distance between the pole or structure and the trolley contact
conductor is less than 14 feet the second insulator shall be
not less than 15 inches from the surface of the pole or
structure and outside of the climbing and work spaces.

Where the span wire is attached to a building, the second

insulator shall be not less than 3 feet from the building.

Where the support is a wood pole and all facilities supported

thereon are of one ownership and are operated and
maintained by the same crews of workmen, the second
insulator may be omitted.

(2) Supporting Two or More Contact Conductors of Same

Polarity: Span wires supporting two or more contact
conductors of the same polarity shall be sectionalized in
accordance with Rule 77.6–A1, above. If the contact
conductors are more than 18 feet apart, an insulator shall be
placed in the section of the span wire between the contact
conductors at a point between 4 feet and 5 feet from each
contact conductor hanger or support. Where the distance
between contact conductors is less than 18 feet this provision
does not apply.

(3) Supporting Contact Conductors of Opposite Polarity:

Span wires supporting contact conductors of opposite polarity
shall be sectionalized in accordance with the provisions of
Rule 77.6–A1. For this purpose each pair of positive and
negative contact conductors shall be treated as a single
conductor, the measurement being made to the nearest
contact conductor of the pair.

A span wire which supports trolley contact conductors of

opposite polarity shall have an insulator placed in between
the hangers of such opposite polarity conductors unless the
hangers have a dry flashover insulating value of 6,000 volts
or more.

VII-18
May 2018
 Rule 77.6-A5

Where contact conductors are more than 18 feet apart an

insulator shall be placed in the section of the span wire
between such contact conductors at a point between 4 feet
and 5 feet from each contact conductor hanger or support.

(4) Feeder Cables Used as Span Wires: One insulator

(preferably of the interlocking strain type) shall be placed in
such a span wire at a distance of not less than 15 inches
from the surface of the pole supporting the feeder (except
where only Class T circuits of the same polarity are installed
on the pole as specified in Rule 74.4–D) and outside of the
climbing and working spaces on such pole.

A second insulator (preferably of the interlocking strain

type)shall be placed at the point where the feeder cable
terminates, which point shall be not less than 1 foot nor more
than 5 feet beyond the last trolley contact conductor to which
it is electrically connected.

A third insulator (preferably of the interlocking strain

type)shall be placed in the remaining section of the span wire
at a distance of not less than 6 feet and not more than 9 feet
(measured along the span wire) from the opposite pole or
structure (see Appendix G, Figure 71).

In catenary construction, the point at which the second

insulator is placed shall be not less than 1 foot plus the
distance between the messenger and contact conductor, nor
more than 5 feet, beyond the last trolley contact conductor to
which the feeder cable is electrically connected.

(5) Feeder Cables Used as Auxiliary Span Wires: Where the

feeder cable is used as an auxiliary span wire, it shall be
installed and maintained at a distance of not less than18
inches above the span wire, or it may be attached to the
span wire as provided in Rule 74.4–G3. Auxiliary feeder cable
spans shall be sectionalized in accordance with the provisions
of Rule 77.6–A4 above (see Appendix G, Figure 67). In this
type of construction the attachment of the feeder to the
trolley contact conductor shall preferably be made on the side
of the contact conductor opposite approaching traffic (see
Appendix G, Figure 70).

VII-19
May 2018
 Rule 77.6-A6

(6) Feeder Cables Crossing Poles: Where a feeder cable

crosses the pole laterally, it shall not impair the climbing or
working spaces and it is recommended that the cable be
installed under a crossarm in fiber conduit or other suitable
protective covering (see Rule 54.6–C).

B. Backbones and Pull–offs

(1) Backbones Supported on Crossarms: A backbone which

is supported by insulators on crossarms, pole brackets or
trolley brackets shall be treated as a Class T line conductor
except in that section between the last such support and its
dead–end attachment where it shall be sectionalized by
means of an insulator placed not less than 6 feet and not
more than 9 feet from each support (see Appendix G, Figure
72).

(2) Backbone Attached to Poles: A backbone run between

and attached directly to poles shall have insulators placed in
it not less than 6 feet and not more than 9 feet (measured
along the line of the backbone) from the points of attachment
to the poles (see Appendix G, Figure 73).

(3) Pull–offs: Each pull–off from the contact conductor to that

section of the backbone between the insulators specified in
Rule 77.6–B2, above, shall have an insulator placed in it at a
distance between 4 and 5 feet from the nearest contact
conductor; or if this is not practicable, the insulator shall be
installed as far as possible from the contact conductor. Any
pull–off from the contact conductor to a point between the
supporting pole and the backbone insulator shall have two
insulators installed in it and the insulator nearest the pole or
the backbone shall be not less than 15 inches from the center
line of pole and shall be outside the climbing and working
spaces (see Appendix G, Figure 73).

C. Brackets or Bracket Arms

In bracket construction span wires which support, or are attached

to other span wires which support, trolley contact conductors or
appurtenances in electrical contact therewith shall be sectionalized
as follows:

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May 2018
 Rule 77.6-C3

(1) General: An insulator shall be inserted in the span wire

between the suspension of the trolley contact conductor and
each point of support of the span wire, such insulators to be
not less than 12 inches from the nearest trolley contact
conductor (see Appendix G, Figs. 74 and 75).

Where the span wire supports contact conductors of opposite

polarity an additional insulator shall be inserted between the
hangers of such opposite polarity conductors unless the
hangers have a dry flashover insulating value of 6,000 volts
or more.

(2) EXCEPTIONS: Where the brackets are supported on wood

poles which support only conductors of one ownership, the
insulators between the hangers and points of span wire
support may be omitted (see Appendix G, Figs. 76 and 77).

Where brackets and their lift spans are suitably insulated

along their length (perpendicular to the poles) and from the
span wire, that part of Rule 77.6–C1 which prescribes an
insulator between the contact conductor suspension and the
point of bracket support need not apply (see Appendix G,
Figure 78)

Insulators placed in metal brackets and lift spans shall be not

less than 12 inches radially from the trolley contact conductor
(see Appendix G, Figure 79).

(3) Feeder Conductors: Feeder wires used as bracket span

wires shall be sectionalized as follows:

One insulator (preferably of the interlocking strain type) shall

be placed in the span wire at a distance of not less than 15
inches from the surface of poles (except where only Class T
circuits of the same polarity are installed on the pole as
specified in Rule 74.4–D) and outside the climbing and
working spaces. A second insulator shall be placed at the
point where the feeder terminates (see Appendix G, Figure
80).

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May 2018
 Rule 77.6-C3

On high speed lines it is recommended that in lieu of this

type of construction the bracket span be installed as specified
in Rule 77.6–C1 and the feeder span be installed as a bracket
guy or lift span. In this case, one insulator shall be placed in
the lift span so that the horizontal distance between the
insulator and the surface of the supporting pole or structure
shall be not less than 15 inches, and a second insulator shall
be placed along the line of this lift span adjacent to the point
of attachment to the bracket.

D. Messengers

When an extended messenger is treated as a guy, the

requirements specified for guys shall be met.

78 Attachments of Feeder, Communication or Foreign Conductors

78.1 Feeder Conductors

Trolley feeders not exceeding 750 volts may, when suitably insulated,
be attached to span wires supporting trolley contact conductors of the
same system.

78.2 Private Communication Conductors

The general requirements for private communication conductors of

trolley line systems are specified in Rules 20.6–A, 32.4–C and 89 of
Section VIII. In addition to the treatment therein provided, private
communication wires (Class C) owned by and used solely in the
operation of trolley systems may, where suitably insulated, be
attached to span wires supporting trolley contact conductors of such
systems when installed and maintained in accordance with the
following provisions.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

VII-22
May 2018
 Rule 78.3-A1

A. Attached to Unenergized Span Wires

Private communication conductors (Class C) may be supported by

unenergized portions of span wires provided they are attached
between the first span wire insulator specified in Rules 77.6–A1
and 77.6–A2 or the second span wire insulator specified in Rule
77.6–A4 and the pole or structure. They shall not be attached to
the section of span wire between contact conductor hangers
except within such section of span wire sectionalized by means of
insulators placed between 4 feet and 5 feet from each contact
conductor hanger.

B. Attached to Energized Span Wires

Private communication conductors (Class C) may, where

necessary, be supported by feeder cables of 0 - 750 volts used as
span wires when such communication conductor attachments to
feeder spans are insulated for not less than the trolley voltage.

78.3 Foreign Conductors

The following rules shall apply to decorative lighting fixtures,

decorative lighting circuits, decorative garlands, and all other
apparatus used for decorative purposes, where supported by and
attached to the lines of trolley systems and when special permission
for such supports and attachments has been secured from the trolley
systems concerned.

Nothing herein contained shall be construed as requiring utilities to

grant permission for such use of their overhead facilities; or
permitting any use of joint poles or facilities for such temporary
construction without the consent of all parties having any ownership
whatever in the poles to which attachments may be made; or
granting authority for the use of any poles or facilities without the
owner’s or owners’ consent.

A. Attachment to Span Wires

(1) Decorative Lighting Fixtures and Circuits: Decorative

lighting fixtures and decorative lighting circuits of not more
than 300 volts may be attached temporarily to trolley span
wires provided that such equipment and appurtenances meet
all of the following requirements:

VII-23
May 2018
 Rule 78.3-A1

Circuit wires shall be rubber covered.

Wires shall be suitably insulated from (and in no case

shall contact) the span wire.

Such equipment shall be placed only between the pole

(or other support in lieu thereof) and the span wire
insulator nearest the suspension of the trolley contact
conductor, and

No energized part of such equipment shall be less than

18 feet above the street surface.

It is recommended that no attachment be made to energized

portions of feeder span wires. However, if such attachment is
permitted by the utility the insulators and rubber covered
wire used shall be capable of withstanding the trolley voltage.

(2) Decorative Garlands and Other Unenergized

Decorations: Decorative garlands and other decorations
which are not energized may be supported by trolley span
wires provided that no span wire insulator is made ineffective
(shorted out) by such attachment.

B. Attachment to Poles

Where temporary lighting circuits of not more than 300 volts are
attached to poles and used independent of span wire attachments
or used to serve those span wire attachments, they shall comply
with all of the requirements for supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts.

No decorative equipment shall be attached in any manner to

longitudinal feeder cables (along or across thoroughfares).

C. Attachment of Auxiliary Span Wires to Poles Supporting

Trolley Contact Conductors

Auxiliary span wires for the support of decorative lighting fixtures,

decorative lighting circuits, decorative garlands, and any other
apparatus used for temporary decorative purposes are strictly
prohibited except when special permission is secured from this
Commission. Under such permission the auxiliary span wire shall
comply with all of the following requirements:

VII-24
May 2018
 Rule 78.3-C

It shall be sectionalized, by means of insulators, in

accordance with the rules applicable to overhead guys,

The span wire and conductors and any apparatus attached

thereto shall be installed and maintained not less than 4 feet
above the level of the trolley contact conductors and not less
than 4 feet below any conductor in excess of 750 volts,

The span wire shall provide an ultimate strength of not less

than that afforded by 3/8 inch common galvanized– steel
strand, and

The additional mechanical loads on poles resulting from such

installation shall not be such that the requirements of Section
IV are not maintained.

No permits issued by Municipal or County Inspection Departments,

or any trolley line system or other utility, shall be construed to
permit the use of auxiliary span wires attached to poles supporting
span wires of electric trolley systems, other than those auxiliary
span wires which shall comply with all conditions set forth above.

79 Third Rails

79.1 General Provisions

Third rail construction or reconstruction shall be permitted only for

rapid transit passenger lines located in subways, on elevated
structures or within completely fenced rights–of–way, or a
combination thereof.

In no event shall the third rail railroad cross at grade any other
railroad, or public way, road, street, thoroughfare or highway,
whether for use by pedestrians or vehicles.

Third rail construction shall be designed, installed and maintained in

such manner as will secure safety to patrons and employees of the
rapid transit line and to the public in general.

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May 2018
 Rule 79.2

79.2 Protective Guards and Coverings

Every third rail whether carried in subways, on elevated structures or

on completely fenced rights–of–way, shall be protected by suitable
guards and coverings made of insulating, impact resistant material
and of such form as will present a minimum of third rail exposure.

79.3 Location

Third rails, whether in subways, on elevated structures or in fenced

rights–of–way shall be located to the side of the running rail farthest
from station or passenger loading platforms.

79.4 Fencing

A. At Ground Level

Third rail construction or reconstruction shall not be permitted at

ground level unless the rights–of–way, easement or other property
upon which the same is located is entirely fenced. Fence
construction shall be designed, installed and maintained in such
manner as to deny access over, under or through the fencing to all
but authorized persons.

B. Material and Height

Fencing material shall be of galvanized steel, woven mesh or links

(commonly known as chain–link or cyclone fencing), extending
from ground level to a minimum height of seven feet. Above said
7 foot height, there shall be installed an inclined extension of not
less than 12 inches, to which shall be attached no fewer than
three strands of barbed wire, with said extension being inclined
45° away from the fenced facilities wherever possible.

C. Barrier Protection of Fencing

Wherever the rights–of–way and its fencing are adjacent to

thoroughfares or highways (such as in, but not limited to, highway
median strips) suitable barriers shall be at all times present
between the fencing and the thoroughfare or highway in order to
prevent vehicular contact with or damage to the fencing.

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 Rule 79.6

D. Gates

Gates for access to the fenced rights–of–way shall be provided for

the entrance of emergency vehicles and equipment at
approximately one–half mile intervals along the rights–of–way,
said gates to be of a design and maintained in a manner
compatible with the fencing specified in Rule 79.4–A and Rule
79.4–B.

79.5 Warning Signs

At every gate, at each station or passenger loading platform, and at

intervals of not more than 500 feet along each fence enclosing the
rights–of–way, a sign or signs bearing the words “Danger”, “Electric
Third Rail” and “Keep Away” in letters at least 3 inches in height, shall
be installed. The sign or signs may carry other information relative to
the hazard present, but these three items shall be in type of larger
size than the type of the additional items.

79.6 Inspections

At regular intervals not exceeding a calendar month, the transit line

shall make a thorough inspection of all of the items pertaining to third
rail operation set forth in the several foregoing sections of Rule 79.
Records of such inspections, setting forth in detail any failures or
discrepancies found and steps taken to correct them, shall be kept for
periods of five years and a yearly summary thereof shall be forwarded
to the Commission by not later than February 1 of each year. This
requirement is in consonance with and additional to the requirements
of General Order No. 66–C or subsequent amendments thereof. Such
records and summary reports shall not be open to inspection by the
public except upon specific order of the Commission.

Note: Rule 79. Third Rails, Revised July 17, 1967 by Decision No. 72681.

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 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

VII-28
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 Section VIII
Detailed Construction Requirements for Communication
Lines (Class C Circuits)

Rule Page

80.General VIII-9
80.1 Inspection Requirements for Communication Lines VIII-9
A. Patrol and Detailed Inspections
(1) Inspection Requirements for Joint-Use Poles in
High Fire-Threat District VIII-9
(2) Statewide Inspection Requirements VIII-10
(3) Definitions VIII-11
(4) Record Keeping VIII-11
B. Intrusive Inspections VIII-12
81. Poles, Towers and Structures VIII-13
81.1 Definition VIII-13
81.2 Maintenance and Inspection VIII-13
81.3 Material and Strength VIII-13
A. Replacement of Wood Poles in Grade F Construction VIII-13
81.4 Clearances VIII-13
A. From Railroad Tracks VIII-13
81.5 Dimensions and Settings VIII-13
81.6 Stepping VIII-13
82. Crossarms VIII-13
82.1 Definition VIII-14
82.2 Maintenance and Inspection VIII-14
82.3 Material and Strength VIII-14
82.4 Hardware VIII-14
A. Protection against Corrosion VIII-14
B. Metal Back Braces VIII-14
83. Pins, Deadends and Conductor Fastenings VIII-14
83.1 Maintenance and Inspection VIII-14
83.2 Material and Strength VIII-14
83.3 Pin and Deadend Spacing VIII-14

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 Rule Page

83.4 Bonding VIII-14

A. Messengers on the Same Pole VIII-15
(1) Bonds between Separate Communication Messengers
or Guys above or below Electric Circuits VIII-15
(2) Bonds between Separate Communication Messengers
Crossing Electric Circuits VIII-15
(3) Bonds Not Required VIII-15
B. Messengers of Different Pole Line Systems VIII-16
84. Conductors VIII-16
84.1 Definition VIII-16
84.2 Maintenance and Inspection VIII-16
84.3 Material and Strength VIII-16
84.4 Clearances VIII-16
A. Above Ground VIII-16
(1) Across Arid or Mountainous Areas VIII-16
(2) In Rural Districts VIII-16
(3) Accessible to Pedestrians Only VIII-16
(4) Fenced Railway Rights–of–way VIII-17
(5) Over Swimming Pools VIII-17
(a) Line Conductors, Cables, Messengers and
Span Wires VIII-17
(b) Service Drops VIII-17
(c) Communication Guys VIII-18
(6) Across or along Public Thoroughfares VIII-20
B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines VIII-20
(1) Which Transport Freight Cars VIII-20
(2) Operated by Overhead Trolleys VIII-20
C. Between Conductors VIII-20
(1) Open Wires VIII-20
(a) On Related Line and Buck Arms VIII-21
(b) On Brackets Attached to Crossarms VIII-21
(c) Attached Directly to Poles VIII-22
(2) Duplex, Triplex and Cables VIII-22
D. From Poles and Crossarms VIII-22
(1) Conductors Supported on Crossarms VIII-23

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 Rule Page

84.4- D Clearances - From Poles and Crossarms (continued)

(2) Conductors Not Supported on Crossarms VIII-24
(3) Colinear, Conflicting or Crossing Lines VIII-24
(a) Where Clearance Arms are Used VIII-24
(b) Where Clearance Arms are Not Used VIII-26
(4) Conductors Passing Supply Poles and
Unattached Thereto VIII-26
(a)From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or
Traffic Signal Poles or Standards VIII-27
(5) Center Line Clearance at Angles in Lines and
at Transpositions VIII-27
E. Above, alongside or in Immediate Proximity to Buildings,
Bridges, Viaducts or Similar Structures VIII-30
F. Below, alongside, through or in Immediate Proximity to
Bridges, Viaducts or Similar Structures VIII-31
G. From Guys and Messengers VIII-31
84.5 Sags VIII-31
84.6 Vertical and Lateral Conductors VIII-34
A. Open Wire VIII-34
B. Ground Wires VIII-34
C. Lateral Conductors VIII-34
D. Vertical Runs VIII-35
E. Intentionally Left Blank VIII-36
F. Protective Covering VIII-36
84.7 Climbing Space and Working Space VIII-36
A. Climbing Space VIII-36
(1) Where Line Arms Only are Involved VIII-37
(a) On Poles which Support Communication Conductors Only VIII-37
(b) On Poles Jointly Used with Supply Conductors VIII-37
(2) Where Buck Arms are Involved VIII-38
(a) Double Line Arm and Double Buck Arm, VIII-38
(b) Double Buck Arm and Single Line Arm, or Vice Versa VIII-38
(c) Single Line Arm and Single Buck Arm VIII-38
(d) Alternative VIII-38
(3) Through Conductors Not on Crossarms VIII-39

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

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 Rule Page

84.7 A Climbing Space and Working Space – Climbing Space (continued)

(4) Through Service Drops Not on Crossarms VIII-39
(5) Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions VIII-39
(6) Colinear, Conflicting or Crossing Lines VIII-40

B. Working Space VIII-40

(1) Dimensions for surface mounted conductor(s),
cable(s), and messenger(s) VIII-40
(2) Dimensions for Arm mounted conductor(s),
cable(s), and messenger(s) VIII-41
(3) Allowable Working Space Obstructions VIII-41
84.8 Service Drops VIII-41
A. Material and Size VIII-41
B. Attached to Surface of Pole VIII-41
(1) Service Drops from Open Wire Lines VIII-41
(2) Service Drops from Cabled Lines VIII-42
(a) Cable Supported on Crossarms VIII-42
(b) Cable without Guard Arm, Supported on
Surface of Pole VIII-42
(c)Cable with Guard Arm, Supported on
Surface of Pole VIII-42
C. Clearances above Ground and Buildings VIII-42
(1) Above Public Thoroughfares VIII-43
(2) Above Private Thoroughfares or Private Property VIII-43
(a) Industrial and Commercial Premises VIII-43
(b) Residential Premises VIII-43
(3) Above Ground in Areas Accessible to Pedestrians Only VIII-43
(a) Industrial and Commercial Premises VIII-43
(b) Residential Premises VIII-44
(c) Above Ground on Fenced Railway Rights–of –way VIII-44
(4) From Buildings and Structures VIII-44

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

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 Rule Page

84.8- C Service Drops - Clearances above Ground and Buildings (continued)

(5) Over Swimming Pools VIII-45
D. Clearances between Conductors VIII-45
(1) Above or below Supply Line Conductors VIII-45
(a) Crossing in Spans VIII-45
(b) Supported on the Same Pole VIII-45
Table 15 VIII-45
(2) On Clearance Crossarms VIII-46
(3) On Pole–Top Extensions VIII-46
(4) Above or below Supply Service Drops VIII-47
(5) Above Trolley Contact Conductors VIII-47
E. Clearance from Other Poles VIII-47
(1) From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or Traffic Signal
Poles or Standards VIII-47
85. Conductor Insulators VIII-47
85.1 Material VIII-47
85.2 Strength VIII-47
86. Guys VIII-47
86.1 Definition VIII-48
86.2 Use VIII-48
86.3 Material and Strength VIII-48
86.4 Clearances VIII-48
A. Above Ground VIII-48
(1) Over, across or along Public Thoroughfares VIII-48
(2) Over Private Property VIII-49
(3) Over Swimming Pools VIII-49
B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines VIII-49
(1) Which Transport Freight Cars VIII-49
(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley VIII-49

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

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 Rule Page

C. From Conductors VIII-49

(1) Crossing in Spans VIII-49
(2) On Colinear Lines VIII-50
(3) Parallel on Same Poles VIII-50
(4) Passing on Same Poles VIII-50
D. From Span Wires or Other Guys VIII-50
(1) Crossing in Spans VIII-50
(2) Passing and Attached to Same Pole VIII-51
(3) Approximately Parallel and Attached to Same Poles VIII-51
E. From Poles VIII-52
F. Above Buildings VIII-52
86.5 Fastenings VIII-52
86.6 Sectionalizing and Grounding Requirements VIII-52
A. Where Not Exposed to Supply Conductors VIII-53
B. Sectionalized because of Exposure or Proximity to
Supply Conductors VIII-53
(1) Overhead Guys Exposed to Supply Conductors of
250 - 22,500 Volts VIII-53
(2) Guys in Proximity VIII-53
C. Guys Exposed to Supply Conductors of 22,500 Volts or More VIII-54
D. Guys Attached to Grounded Poles or Structures VIII-54
E. Anchor Guys through Supply Conductor Levels VIII-54
86.7 Location of Sectionalizing Insulators VIII-54
A. Overhead Guys VIII-54
(1) Exposed VIII-54
(2) In Proximity VIII-55
B. Anchor Guys VIII-55
C. Truss Guys VIII-56
86.8 Guy Insulators VIII-56
A. Material VIII-56

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

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 Rule Page

86.8 Guy Insulators (continued)

B. Strength VIII-56
C. Voltage Requirements VIII-56
Table 16 VIII-57
86.9 Guy Marker (Guy Guard) VIII-57
87. Cables and Messengers VIII-57
87.1 Definition VIII-57
87.2 Use of Messenger VIII-57
87.3 Material and Strength VIII-57
87.4 Clearances VIII-57
A. Above Ground VIII-57
B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines VIII-57
(1) Which Transport Freight Cars VIII-57
(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley VIII-58
C. Between Conductors and Cables VIII-58
(1) Cable Conductors VIII-58
(2) Between Separate Cables VIII-58
(3) Attached to Poles VIII-58
D. From Poles VIII-59
(1) Cables or Messengers Supported on Crossarms VIII-59
(2) Cables or Messengers Not Supported on Crossarms VIII-59
(3) Colinear Lines VIII-60
(4) Cables or Messengers Passing Supply Poles and
Unattached Thereto VIII-60
(5) Cables or Messengers Passing and Unattached from
Nonclimbable Street Lighting and Traffic Signal Poles
or Standards. VIII-60
E. Above or beside Buildings, Bridges and Other Structures VIII-60
F. Between Cables and Messengers VIII-60
G. Between Messengers VIII-60

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

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 Rule Page
87.4 Clearances (continued)
H. From Grounded Metal Boxes, Hardware and Equipment
Associated with Supply Lines VIII-60
87.5 Fastenings VIII-61
87.6 Sectionalizing of Messengers VIII-61
87.7 Covering or Guarding VIII-61
A. Vertical and Lateral Cables VIII-61
B. Longitudinal Aerial Cables or Messengers VIII-61
C. Crossing Trolley Lines VIII-62
D. Risers VIII-62
87.8 Sags VIII-62
87.9 Grounding VIII-62
87.10 Fiber Optic Cable Transitions VIII-63
A. Non-dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Transitions VIII-63
B. Dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Transitions VIII-63
88. Miscellaneous Equipment VIII-64
88.1 Cable Terminals or Boxes VIII-64
89. Private Communication Circuits VIII-64
89.1 Definition VIII-64
89.2 Construction and Operation VIII-64
A. Private Communication Circuits and Supply Circuits on the
Same Crossarms VIII-65
(1) Supply Conductors of 7,500 - 22,500 Volts,
Same Ownership VIII-65
(2) Supply Conductors of 750 - 7,500 Volts,
Same Ownership VIII-65
(3) Supply Conductors of 0 - 750 Volts,
Same Ownership VIII-65
(4) Supply Conductors of 0 - 750 Volts,
Different Ownership VIII-66
(5) Change in Location with Respect to
Supply Conductors VIII-66
B. Private Communication Circuits and Supply Circuits
on the Same Pole VIII-66
89.3 Telephone Instruments on Poles or Structures VIII-67
89.4 Cables and Messengers VIII-67

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

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 Section VIII
Detailed Construction Requirements for Communication
Lines (Class C Circuits)

Rule 80.1-A1

80 General
The following rules cover detailed construction requirements for
communication lines. These rules are supplemented, in certain cases, by
rules in other sections. See Section IX for additional rules applicable to
communication lines on poles jointly used with supply lines; see Section X
for additional rules applicable to line crossings or conflicts; see Section XI
for additional rules applicable to lines crossing railroads.

80.1 Inspection Requirements for Communication Lines:

A. Patrol and Detailed Inspections
(1) Inspection Requirements for Joint-Use Poles in High
Fire-Threat District
In Tiers 2 and 3 of the High Fire-Threat District, the
inspection intervals for (i) Communication Lines located on
Joint Use Poles (See Rule 21.8) that contain Supply Circuits
(See Rule 20.6-D), and (ii) Communication Lines attached to
a pole that is within three spans of a Joint Use Pole with
Supply Circuits, shall not exceed the time specified in the
following Table.

Inspection Tier 2 Tier 3

Patrol 2 Years 1 Year
Detailed 10 Years 5 Years
Inspections shall be conducted more frequently than shown
in the above table, if necessary, based on the five factors
listed in Rule 80.1-A(2), below.
For the purpose of implementing the patrol and detailed
inspection intervals in the above Table, the term “year” is
defined as 12 consecutive calendar months starting the first
full calendar month after an inspection is performed, plus
three full calendar months, not to exceed the end of the
calendar year in which the next inspection is due. A
required inspection may be completed any time before the
expiration of the associated inspection interval using this
definition of “year,” but not after. The completion of an
inspection starts a new inspection interval that must be
completed within the prescribed timeframe using this

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 Rule 80.1-A1

definition of “year.” However, inspection intervals may be

extended by up to six months in areas where the Governor
of California or the President of the United States has
declared an emergency or a disaster following a major
earthquake or other catastrophe using the procedure set
forth in Decision 13-06-011 issued in Rulemaking 08-11-
005. The extension shall not exceed six months from the
date that an emergency is declared or the date that a
disaster is declared, whichever is earlier.
Inspections in the High Fire-Threat District shall be planned
and conducted in accordance with the statewide inspection
requirements and procedures described in Rule 80.1-A(2),
below.
Each company’s procedures shall describe (i) the
methodology used to ensure that all Communication Lines
are subject to the required inspections, and (ii) the
procedures used for specifying what problems should be
identified by the inspections. The procedures used for
specifying what problems should be identified by the
inspections shall include a checklist for patrol inspections.

(2) Statewide Inspection Requirements

Each company shall prepare, follow, and modify as
necessary, procedures for conducting patrol or detailed
inspections for all of its Communication Lines throughout the
State. Consistent with Rule 31.2, the type, frequency and
thoroughness of inspections shall be based upon the
following factors:
• Fire threat
• Proximity to overhead power line facilities
• Terrain
• Accessibility
• Location, including whether the Communications Lines
are located in the High Fire-Threat District

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 Rule 80.1-A4

Each company that discovers a safety hazard on or near a

communications facility or electric facility involving another
company while performing inspections of its own facilities
pursuant to this rule shall notify the other company and/or
facility owner of such safety hazard in accordance with
Rule 18-A3.
Each company’s procedures shall describe (i) the
methodology used to ensure that all Communication Lines
are subject to the required inspections, and (ii) the
procedures used for specifying what problems should be
identified by the inspections. The procedures used for
specifying what problems should be identified by the
inspections shall include a checklist for patrol inspections.

(3) Definitions
Detailed Inspections. For the purpose of this rule,
Detailed Inspection shall be defined as a careful visual
inspection of Communication facilities and structures using
inspection tools such as binoculars and measuring devices, as
appropriate. Detailed inspections may be carried out in the
course of other company business.
Patrol Inspections. For the purpose of this rule, Patrol
Inspection shall be defined as a simple visual inspection, of
applicable communications facilities equipment and structures
that is designed to identify obvious structural problems and
hazards. Patrol inspections may be carried out in the course
of other company business.

(4) Record Keeping

Each company shall maintain records for at least ten (10)
years that provide the following information for each facility
subject to this rule: The location of the facility, the date of
each inspection of the facility, the results of each inspection,
the personnel who performed each inspection, the date and
description of each corrective action, and the personnel who
performed each correction action. Commission staff shall be
permitted to inspect records consistent with Public Utilities
Code Section 314 (a).

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 Rule 80.1-B

B. Intrusive Inspections in the High Fire-Threat District

Wood poles in Tier 3 of the High Fire-Threat District that support
only Communication Lines or equipment shall be intrusively
inspected in accordance with the schedule established in General
Order 165 if they are:

• Interset between joint-use poles supporting supply lines in

Southern California.
• Within three spans of a joint-use pole supporting supply lines
in Southern California.
• Within one span of a joint-use pole supporting supply lines in
Northern California.

For the purpose of this rule, “Southern California” is defined as the

following: Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa
Barbara, San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura Counties.
“Northern California” is defined as all other counties in California.
For wood pole intrusive inspections, the term “year” is defined as
a calendar year.
CIPs shall maintain records for the life of the pole that provide the
following information for each wood pole subject to this rule: The
location of the pole, the date of each intrusive inspection, the
results of each inspection, the personnel who performed each
intrusive inspection, the date and description of each corrective
action, and the personnel who performed each correction action.
Commission staff may inspect records consistent with Public
Utilities Code Section 314(a).
Note: Revised June 27, 2013 by Decision No. 1306011, and December 14, 2017, by Decision D.17-12-024.

Note: For the purpose of this rule, Intrusive Inspections are defined as an inspection involving movement of soil, and/or
using more sophisticated diagnostic tools beyond visual inspections or instrument reading.

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 Rule 82

81 Poles, Towers and Structures

81.1 Definition (See Rules 22.1–C and 22.6)

81.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

81.3 Material and Strength

Communication poles shall meet the material and strength
requirements specified in Section IV.
A. Replacement of Wood Poles in Grade C Construction
Wood poles in Grade C construction shall be replaced or reinforced
before the safety factor has been reduced to less than one, except
that the circumference of sound solid wood within 18 inches above
and below the ground line on such poles before replacement or
reinforcement shall not be less than as follows:

Poles supporting 10 or less open wire

Conductors 9 inches
Poles supporting cable, or more than10
open wires conductors 12 inches

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6, January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030, and February 5, 2014
by Decision No. 1402015.

81.4 Clearances

A. From Railroad Tracks (See Rule 36; also, Appendix E)

81.5 Dimensions and Settings (See Rules 49.1–B and 49.1–C)

81.6 Stepping (See Rule 91.3-B)

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

82 Crossarms

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 Rule 82.1

82.1 Definition (See Rule 21.0)

82.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

82.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.2)

82.4 Hardware

A. Protection against Corrosion (See Rule 49.8)

B. Metal Back Braces

Metal back braces shall be considered as one of the arms of
double arm construction.

83 Pins, Deadends and Conductor Fastenings

83.1 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

83.2 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.3)

83.3 Pin and Deadend Spacing (See Table 1, Case 8 and Table 2, Case
15)

83.4 Bonding
When separate communication messengers, or guys, or both, of the
same or different ownership, are attached to the same pole, and
they are in proximity to electric supply circuits (see Rule 21.5- D),
railway signal circuits or Class T electric railway or trolley circuits,
such messengers, or guys, or both, shall be bonded together at
frequent intervals (see Rule 83.4-A). For purposes of this rule,
communication messengers and guys are those which support Class
C Circuits (see Rule 20.6) and those Class C Circuits which are used
for television transmission.

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 Rule 83.4-A3

When bonding is required, the bond wire or bond strap shall have a
conductivity of not less than No. 6 AWG copper wire, and shall be
securely attached to the messenger or guy. Such a bond wire or
bond strap may be attached to the surface of a pole or to the
underside of a crossarm using metal staples, but shall in no case be
attached to the top surface of any crossarm. Bond wires or bond
straps placed in the climbing space shall be covered by a suitable
protective covering (see Rule 22.8).

EXCEPTION: Bonding of communication systems owned by electric

utilities to other communication systems shall not
occur within 1,200 feet of an electrical substation
without prior consent of the supply utility.
Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution No. SU-15; and January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU-25.

A Messengers on the Same Pole

(1) Bonds between Separate Communication

Messengers or Guys above or below Electric Circuits:
Bonds are required between separate communication
messengers or guys, attached above or below electric
supply circuits, railway signal circuits or Class T electric
railroad or trolley circuits on the same pole line system, at
all dead-end poles and at intervals not to exceed 1,320
feet.

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU-40.

(2) Bonds between Separate Communication

Messengers Crossing Electric Circuits: Bonds between
separate communication messengers on the same pole line
system are required at the first pole on either side of the
location where such messengers cross over or under
electric supply circuits, railway circuits or Class T electric
railway or trolley circuits.

(3) Bonds Not Required: Bonds are not required between

communication messengers or guys which are attached to
the same pole by a common bolt.

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 Rule 83.4-B

B. Messengers of Different Pole Line Systems

Bonding is required between communication messengers or guys,

or both, where the pole line systems intersect at a common pole.
Note: Rule 83.4 Added March 9, 1988 by Resolution No. E-3076. Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

84 Conductors

84.1 Definition (See Rule 20.9)

84.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

84.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.4)

84.4 Clearances

Allowable variations in clearances due to temperature, loading, dead

ending, etc., are given in Rules 37 and 38.

A. Above Ground

The minimum vertical clearances shall be those specified in Rule

37, Table 1, with the following modifications:

(1) Across Arid or Mountainous Areas: The clearance of 15

feet specified in Table 1, Case 4, Column B may be reduced
to not less than 13 feet over arid or mountainous areas
which are not under cultivation and over which there is no
likelihood of vehicular travel.

(2) In Rural Districts: The clearance of Table 1, Case 4,

Column B may be reduced to not less than 13 feet above
ground along thoroughfares in rural districts where no part
of the line overhangs any part of the thoroughfare which is
ordinarily traveled and where it is unlikely that vehicles will
be required to cross under the communication conductors.
(3) Accessible to Pedestrians Only: Communication
conductors of not more than 160 volts which transmit not
more than 50 watts and communication cables having
grounded metal sheaths may have a clearance above ground
accessible to pedestrians only less than as specified in Table
1, Case 5, Column B, (10 feet) but not less than 8 feet.

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 Rule 84.4-A5b

(4) Fenced Railway Rights–of–Way: Railway signal cables

between line poles and signaling devices, which are entirely
on fenced railway rights–of–way, and which are exposed to
vehicular traffic but do not cross thoroughfares, may have
clearances above ground less than as specified in Table 1,
Column B, Case 4 (15 feet) but not less than 10 feet. Such
cables which are entirely on fenced railway rights–of–way
and which are in areas accessible to pedestrians only may
have clearances above ground less than as specified in Table
1, Column B, Case 5 (10 feet) but not less than 7 feet.

(5) Over Swimming Pools (See Figure 84–1):

(a) Line Conductors, Cables, Messengers and Span

Wires: Crossings of communication line conductors
over swimming pools shall be avoided where
practicable. Line conductors shall have radial clearances
from the top edge of the pool wall and vertical
clearances above the highest water level of the pool of
not less than 18 feet.Grounded metallic sheathed
cables, plastic–jacketed cables with an inner grounded
metallic sheath, and grounded messengers and
grounded span wires which support cable may have
minimum radial and vertical clearances as hereinabove
stated of not less than 16 feet. Service drops installed
over swimming pools and used in line cable
construction may have minimum radial and vertical
clearance as hereinabove stated of not less than 14
feet.

(b) Service Drops: Installation over swimming pools shall

be avoided where practicable. Service drops above
swimming pools shall have vertical clearances over the
pool and radial clearances from the edge of the pool
wall of not less than 14 feet for public and commercially
operated pools and not less than 10 feet for residential
pools.

No service drop may be installed less than 14 feet

vertically over the horizontal plane through a diving
board or platform, the area of such plane being within
8 feet radially of the diving board or platform and over
the water surface of the pool.

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 Rule 84.4-A5b

No service drop may be installed less than 10 feet

vertically over the horizontal plane through a diving
board or platform, the area of such plane being the
area within 3 feet radially of the diving board or
platform and not over the water surface of the pool.

(c) Communication Guys: Guys shall have vertical

clearances above the highest water level of the pool of
not less than 16 feet.

No communications guy may be installed less than 16

feet vertically over the horizontal plane through a
diving board or platform, the area of such plane
being within 8 feet radially of the diving board or
platform and not over the water surface of the pool.

No communications guy may be installed less than 8

feet vertically over the horizontal plane through a
diving board or platform, the area of such plane being
the area within 3 feet radially of the diving board or
platform and not over the water surface of the pool.

Note: Added January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109 and Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

VIII-18
May 2018
 Rule 84.4-A5c

Rule 84.4 - A5

A A A Top View
A

Edge of Pool
B B
B B

Side Diving Board Not

B over Water Wat
over B
View
Surface Surfac
er
e
B
B B
B
B

A B
Minimum Vertical and Radial Minimum Minimum
Clearances over Swimming Vertical Radial
Pools
Line Construction over Highest Water Level
1. Line Ungrounded 18 Feet 18 Feet
2. Line Grounded 16 Feet 16 Feet
3. Line Service Drop 14 Feet 14 Feet
Service Drops over Highest Water Level
4. Pools Public & Commercial 14 Feet 14 Feet
5. Pools Residential 10 Feet 10 Feet
Service Drops over Diving Boards Or
Platforms
6. Over Water Surface 14 Feet 8 Feet
7. Not over Water Surface 8 Feet 3 Feet
Communication Guy over Diving Boards Or Platforms
8. Over Water Surface 16 Feet 8 Feet
9. Not over Water Surface 8 Feet 3 Feet

Figure 84-1
Clearances over Swimming
Pools

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May 2018
 Rule 84.4-A6

(6) Across or along Public Thoroughfares: Communication

conductors over or across public thoroughfares shall have a
clearance of 18 feet above ground (Table 1, Case 3, Column
B). A reduced clearance to 16 feet is permitted for the
portions of communication conductors where no part of the
line overhangs any part of the thoroughfare which is
ordinarily traveled, or where the line is behind an established
curb, ditch or berm that serves to protect such
communication conductors from encroachment by vehicular
traffic.

Note: This 16 foot clearance shall not be reduced because of temperature or wind loading as specified in Rule 43.
Note: Added November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines

(1) Which Transport Freight Cars: The clearance specified in

Table 1, Case 1, Column B (25 feet) is based upon the
maximum height of standard freight cars, 15 feet 6 inches
between top of rail and top of running board. This clearance
shall in no case be reduced more than 5% because of
temperature and loading as specified in Rule 43.

(2) Operated by Overhead Trolleys: The clearance specified

in Table 1, Case 2, Column B (26 feet) is based upon a
trolley pole throw of 26 feet, the usual maximum height of a
free trolley pole above the rails or other traveled surfaces
used by trolley cars or coaches. Where trolley lines have a
maximum trolley throw at variance with 26 feet the specified
clearance shall be increased or may be reduced accordingly
except that in no case shall the clearance be less than 25
feet. See Rule 87.4–B2 for the clearance of grounded cables
and messengers.

Where railways operated by overhead trolleys transport

freight cars, the clearance requirements of Rule 84.4–B1
also apply.

C. Between Conductors

The minimum clearances shall be those specified in Rule 38, Table

2 (see also Rule 32.2–D) with the following modifications:

(1) Open Wire

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 Rule 84.4-C1b

(a) On Related Line and Buck Arms: The clearance of 6

inches specified in Table 2, Case 14, Column C is not
required between conductors on line arm and related
buck arm where the conductors supported by such
arms do not cross.

(b) On Brackets Attached to Crossarms: The radial

clearance for communication line conductors supported
on brackets or extensions attached to crossarms at, or
outside of, the outer pin or dead–end positions shall
not be less than 3 inches from any other
communication line conductor supported by the same
crossarm as specified in Table 2, Case 15, Column C.
Not more than two conductors on the same side of the
pole on any crossarm may be supported on brackets
within the outer pin position and below conductors
normally supported on pins.

There shall not be less than a 12 inches vertical

separation between communication conductors
supported on brackets within the outer pin positions on
one crossarm and the communication conductors on
another crossarm. The vertical clearances specified in
Table 2, Cases 1 to 14, Column C shall be provided
between the conductor on a bracket and the conductor
level of any other conductors not supported on the
crossarm to which the bracket is attached.

EXCEPTION:

This rule shall not apply to clearances between

conductors of the same or similar circuits at points of
transposition.

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

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May 2018
 Rule 84.4-C1c

(c) Attached Directly to Poles: On poles which carry no

crossarms, open wire conductors which are attached to
the sides of poles by means of hooks, knobs or
brackets may be placed in any position within the 3 feet
next below the topmost conductor on the pole.The
vertical separation between conductor supports on the
same side of pole in this space of 3 feet shall be not
less than 6 inches. Below this point (3 feet below the
topmost conductor) conductors shall be attached to one
side of pole only, not more than 6 conductors shall be
so attached, and the vertical separation between these
conductors shall be not less than 12 inches.

On poles which carry communication crossarms only,

one pair of open wire conductors may be attached to
opposite sides of the pole by means of hooks, knobs, or
brackets, at a point not less than 2 feet below the
lowest level of conductors supported on crossarms.
Below this point (2 feet below conductors on crossarm)
other conductors which are attached to surface of pole
shall be attached to one side of pole only, not more
than six conductors shall be so attached, and their
vertical separation shall be not less than 12 inches.

Branch or tap lines and service drops from conductors

attached to poles may be similarly attached to the face
or back of a pole, but not both.

(2) Duplex, Triplex and Cables: Insulated single conductors,

duplex, triplex and paired conductors are considered cables
(see definition, Rule 20.4) and the clearances for such
conductors are specified in Rule 87.4.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

D. From Poles and Crossarms

Table 1, Case 8, Column B specifies a minimum clearance of 15

inches from center line of pole which is applicable to
communication conductors including cables and service drops.
Modifications of this basic 15 inches clearance are specified in Rule
37 and by the following provisions where conductors are not on
poles jointly used for supporting supply conductors excepting

VIII-22
May 2018
 Rule 84.4-D1b

supply service drop clearance attachments (see Rules 54.8–C2 and

54.8–C3).

The clearance of 3 inches specified in Table 1, Case 9, Column B is

not intended to apply to communication conductors.

(1) Conductors Supported on Crossarms: The 15 inches

minimum clearance from the center line of the pole specified
for communication conductors supported on crossarms may
be reduced under the following condition:

For communication conductors the clearance from center

line of pole shall not be less than 9 inches. This clearance
shall apply only to communication conductors under the
following conditions:

(a) When supported on a crossarm in the pole top position,

and

(b) When no conductors are supported below such

crossarms except supply service drops on clearance
crossarms. This provision is intended to permit the use
of a related buck arm, in which the climbing space shall
conform to the requirements of Rule 84.7–B.

To maintain climbing space, cables or messengers may

have clearances less than 15 inches from center line of
pole under the following conditions:

1) When placed between crossarms, or

2) When placed less than 2 feet below the level of the

lowest communication conductor supported on
crossarms.

These cables or messengers are to be placed on one

side of the pole only. Any conductor on a crossarm on
the opposite side of the pole that is within 36 inches
vertically of the cable or messenger shall be at least 18
inches horizontally from the vertical plane of such cable
or messenger (see Figure 84–2).

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

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 Rule 84.4-D2

(2) Conductors Not Supported on Crossarms:

Communication conductors which are not supported on
crossarms may be attached to poles by means of hooks,
knobs, or brackets and thus are not required to be any
specified distance from center line of poles provided the
clearance between conductors complies with the
requirements of Rule 84.4–C1c.The minimum clearance of
such conductors from the surface of poles shall be such that
suitable insulation is maintained.

(3) Colinear, Conflicting or Crossing Lines (See

Rule32.3):Where two communication lines are colinear or
otherwise in conflict or where a pole of one line is interset in
another line at crossings, the clearances of Rule 32.3 and
Rule 37, Table 1, Case 8, Column B may be modified as
follows:

In applying any of the provisions of Rule 84.4–D3 an

unobstructed climbing space on each pole concerned shall
be maintained with horizontal dimensions of not less than 18
inches wide and 30 inches deep for communication
conductors.

(a) Where Clearance Arms Are Used: Where clearance

arms are used to support the conductors of a colinear
or conflicting communication line on poles which
support only communication conductors, the clearance
of such conductors from the center line of pole shall
not be less than 15 inches.

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

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May 2018
 Rule 84.4-D3a

A Clearances Of Communication A
Wires And Cables

B
C B

A 2' Min.

Messenger
and cable
attachment
to pole
permitted
by Rule 87.4-C3

A = 30" Min.
B = 36" Min. B
C = 24" Min.
See Rules 84.4-D1
and 87.4-C3. 30" Min.

Climbing Space

Messenger
& Cable Open Wire

Figure 84-2

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May 2018
 Rule 84.4-D3b

Rule 84.4-D(1)

Figure 84-2 (continued )

Note: Added January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

(b) Where Clearance Arms Are Not Used:

Communication conductors which in passing another
communication pole unattached would be less than
15 inches from the center line of pole or less than 5
inches from the surface of pole shall be attached to
the pole in accordance with the provisions of Rules
84.4–C1c and 84.4–D2

(4) Conductors Passing Supply Poles and Unattached

Thereto: The center line clearance between poles
supporting supply conductors and any communication
conductors which pass such poles unattached shall be
not less than 22 1/2 inches (1 1/2 times the clearance
specified in Table 1, Case 8), except where the supply
pole is within 10 feet of the pole on which the
communication conductors are supported. Where poles
of the two lines are less than 10 feet apart, clearances
not less than as specified in Table 1, Case 8, shall be
maintained.
Note: Resolution E–999 effective October 7, 1958, is rescinded and replaced by new Rule 84.4–D(4)(a); deleted and
revised January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186.

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 Rule 84.4-D5

(a) From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or Traffic

Signal Poles or Standards (including mastarms,
brackets and lighting fixtures): When passing street
lighting, traffic signal poles or standards (including
mastarms, brackets and lighting fixtures) a
clearance of 12 inches, as specified in Table 1, Case
10, Column B, may be reduced when suitable
insulation for the highest voltage of open wire
involved and mechanical protection from abrasion is
provided where necessary. Such mechanical
protection shall extend not less than 15 inches in
each direction from centerline of pole, standard,
attaching mastarm or fixture, whether passing
above, below or alongside. There shall be no
interference with light distribution from lighting
fixtures and workers shall not be hampered or
endangered in the performance of their duties.

Note: Added January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186; Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076 and November
6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.

(5) Center Line Clearance at Angles in Lines and at

Transpositions: The clearance of 15 inches from
center line of pole specified in Table 1, Case 8, Column
B (and the reduced clearance of 9 inches permitted by
Rules 84.4–D1 and 84.4–D3a) may be reduced at
angles in lines and at transposition supports provided
that at angles in lines the reductions of the 30 inches
and 18 inches widths of climbing spaces shall not
exceed the reduction specified in Rule 84.7–A1, and
further provided that the 30 and 18 inches widths of
climbing space shall not be reduced at transposition
supports (see Figure 84–3).

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May 2018
 Rule 84.4-D5

Climbing Space
Communication Conductors on Linearms
Rules 84.4-D5 AND 84.7-A

Approx.
½A

Climbing
Space
30" Min.

A = 30" Min. or 18"

B Min.
= 27.5" Min. or 16.5"
Min.
Figure 84-3

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May 2018
 Rule 84.4-D5

Climbing Space
Communication Cables on Arms

Rule 84.4-D(5) Rule 84.7-A

Figure 84-3 (continued)

Note: Added January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

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May 2018
 Rule 84.4-E2

E. Above alongside or in Immediate Proximity to Buildings,

Bridges and Other Structures

Conductors should be arranged so as not to hamper or endanger

firefighters and workers in performing their duties.
The basic clearances of communication conductors from buildings
are specified in Table 1, Cases 6 and 7, Column B. The horizontal
clearance (Table 1, Case 7) shall be maintained until the vertical
clearance (Table 1, Case 6) is attained (see Figure 84-5). The
requirements of Table 1, Case 7, Column B also apply at fire
escapes, windows, doors, and other points at which entrance or
exit might be reasonably expected.

Note: Revised January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

Communication cables are not required to be any specified

distance from the sides of buildings, bridges and other structures,
but they shall be installed so that they do not interfere with the
free use of fire escapes, windows, doors and other points at which
entrance or exit might be reasonably expected.

The vertical clearance of communication conductors (including

cables) above buildings specified in Table 1, Case 6, Column B
may be reduced to not less than 2 feet under either of the
following conditions:

(1) Over roofs whose slope exceeds 9 inches of rise per 12

inches of run (see Sketch), or
Run = 12"
Rise = 9"

(2) Over roofs where the conductor does not overhang the
building by more than 6 feet.

See Rule 84.8–C4 for service drop clearance requirements.

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6; November 6, 1992 by Resolution No. SU–15 and October 9,
1996 by Resolution SU–40

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 Rule 84.4-F

F. Below, alongside, through or in Immediate Proximity to

Bridges, Viaducts or Similar Structures

Open wire communication conductors which cross below, through

or in immediate proximity to bridges, viaducts, or similar
structures shall be maintained at clearances above ground and
walkways as specified in Table 1, Cases 1 to 6; at a radial
clearance from unprotected conductors of other classifications of
not less than as specified in Table 2, Case 3; at clearances from
walls and the underside of such structures as specified in Table 1,
Case 7. The horizontal clearance (Table 1, Case 7) shall be
maintained until the vertical clearance (Table 1, Case 6) is attained
(see Figure 84-5). Where it is not practicable to obtain the 3 foot
clearance this clearance may be reduced to not less than 6 inches
where the voltage does not exceed 160 volts; or where supported
on the walls or underside of such structures at clearances as
specified in Table 1, Case 9 with supports at least every 50 feet.

Note: Revised January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

In lieu of the above requirements, conductors which cross below

or through bridges, viaducts, or similar structures shall be
enclosed in metal sheaths, run in metal conduits, or be placed in
ring construction on a messenger.
Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution No. SU–15.

G. From Guys and Messengers (See Table 2, Cases 18 and 19,

Column C; also Rules 86.4–C and 87.4)

84.5 Sags

The minimum conductor sags shall be such that under the specified
loading conditions, the safety factor specified in Table 4, Rule 44 shall
be met.
Note: Revised February 5, 2014 by Decision No. 1402015.

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May 2018
 Rule 84.5

Single Side of Pole Occupied Two Sides of Pole Occupied

Rule 84.7-B

Figure 84-4

Note: Added January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

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May 2018
 Rule 84.5

Rules 84.4-E and 84.4-F

Immediate Proximity
(Rule 84.4-E)

V Above

Building

V = Vertical Alongside
H = Horizontal

Immediate Proximity
(Rule 84.4-F)
Above

Alongside
Bridge

Immediate Proximity
(Rule 84.4-F)
V

Below

Figure 84-5
Communication Conductors in Immediate Proximity to Buildings, Bridges or Similar Structures

Note: Revised January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

Rule 84.6
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May 2018
 84.6 Vertical and Lateral Conductors

A. Open Wire

Open wire conductors from one level to another level on a pole or

structure shall not pass within the climbing space (see rule 84.7),
and shall not pass between conductors of any other circuit except
between pole–pin conductor positions.

B. Ground Wires

Ground wires, other than lightning protection wires not attached

to equipment or ground wires on grounded structures, shall be
covered by metal pipe or suitable covering of wood or metal, or of
plastic conduit material as specified in Rule 22.8–A, for a distance
above ground sufficient to protect against mechanical injury, but
in no case shall such distance be less than 7 feet. Such covering
may be omitted providing the ground wire in this 7 foot section
has a mechanical strength at least equal to the strength of No. 6
AWG medium–hard–drawn copper.

Portions of ground wires which are on the surface of wood poles

and within 6 feet vertically of unprotected supply conductors
supported on the same pole, shall be covered with a suitable
protective covering (see Rule 22.8).

Note: Revised May 1, 1961 by Resolution No. E–1088, February 13, 1980 by Resolution No. E–1863 and January 19, 1994
by Resolution SU–25.

C. Lateral Conductors

Lateral runs of suitably insulated communication conductors on

poles which support supply conductors may cross the pole or run
laterally from the pole at a clearance less than the 15 inches from
center line specified in Table 1, Case 8, provided those portions of
such uns less than 15 inches from center line of pole and located
less than 6 feet below the level of unprotected supply conductors
are supported by and underneath the bottom surface of crossarm
or guard arm, or are supported on the side of such crossarm or
guard arm not less than 2 inches below the top surface thereof.

VIII-34
May 2018
 Rule 84.6-D

D. Vertical Runs

Vertical runs of communication wires or cables supported on the

surface of wood poles or structures, shall be covered by a
suitable protective covering (see Rule 22.8) where within a
vertical distance of 3 feet above or 6 feet below unprotected
supply conductors supported on the same pole or structure.
Vertical runs of communication wires or cables on the surface of a
wood pole shall be covered by a suitable protective covering
where within a 6 foot radius of any other pole supporting supply
conductors except that those portions of such runs which are
more than 3 feet above or 6 feet below the level of unprotected
supply conductors need not be covered. Cable and drop wire runs
to or from terminal boxes are exempted from these requirements
for covering, under the following conditions:
Where guard arms are installed above messengers or
longitudinal cables which are less than 6 feet below but not
less than 4 feet below unprotected supply conductors of 0 -
750 volts, or where cables are supported on crossarms at
not less than 15 inches from center line of pole, in which
cases any portion of metal sheathed cable runs on the
surface of pole below the guard arm and in the same
quadrant as the longitudinal cable (see Appendix G, Figure
87), or below and on the same side of the pole with a
crossarm which supports a longitudinal cable, need not be
covered.
Runs of bridled conductors, attached to surface of pole,
need not be covered provided such runs are below the
guard arm and in the same quadrant as the longitudinal
cable, or where such runs are below and on the same side
of pole with a cable arm and are not in the climbing space,
or are connected to service drops which are placed in
accordance with the provisions of Rule 84.8–B2b. Where
bridled runs are not required to be covered by these rules,
they shall be supported by bridle hooks or rings spaced at
intervals of not more than 24 inches.
Vertical runs shall be treated as risers (see Rule 87.7–D)
where within a distance of 8 feet from the ground line.
Runs which terminate in the top of enclosures which afford
ample mechanical protection to the runs may extend within
8 feet of the ground but not less than 6 feet of the ground
without being treated as risers.

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May 2018
 Rule 84.6-D

Exception: Fiber optic cable transitions shall meet the

requirements of Rule 87.10.

Note: Revised June 7, 1965 by Decision No. 69071, January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25, October 9, 1996 by Resolution
SU–40 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

E. Intentionally Left Blank (Note: Risers revised and moved to 87.7–

D)

Note: Deleted October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

F. Protective Covering

Protective covering shall be attached to poles, crossarms and

structures by means of corrosion–resistant straps, lags or staples
which are adequate to maintain such covering in a fixed position.

Where such covering consists of hardwood or rigid plastic

moulding, the distance between straps, lags or staples shall not
exceed three feet on each side and due care shall be exercised to
avoid the possibility of nails protruding through any inner surface.

When U–shaped moulding is utilized appropriate gaps between

sections shall be provided to permit expansion due to temperature
variations and such gaps shall be covered by corrosion resistant
straps to prevent contact with conductors covered by moulding.

Note: Revised January 6, 1968 by Decision No. 73455.

84.7 Climbing Space and Working Space

A. Climbing Space

Climbing space shall be provided on one side or quadrant of all poles

or structures supporting communications conductors excepting at the
level of the one pair of conductors attached to the pole below the
lowest crossarm (Rules 84.4–C1c, 84.4–D1 and87.4–C3) and the top
3 feet of poles carrying communication conductors only which are
attached directly to pole in accordancewith the provisions of Rule
84.4–C1c.

The climbing space shall be maintained in the same position on the

pole for minimum vertical distance of 4 feet above and below each
conductor level through which it passes, excepting that where a

VIII-36
May 2018
 Rule 84.7-A1b

cable is attached to a crossarm or a pole with the cable less than 9 or

15 inches from the center line of the pole supporting conductors on
line arms (no buck arm construction involved) in accordance with the
provisions of Rules 84.4–D1 or 87.4–C3, the 4 foot vertical distance
may be reduced to not less than 3 feet.
The position of the climbing space shall not be shifted more than90
degrees around the pole within a vertical distance of less than 8 feet.
Climbing space shall be maintained from the ground level.
The climbing space shall be kept free from obstructions excepting
those obstructions permitted by Rule 84.7–E.
Note: Revised May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5, and January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

1. Where Line Arms Only are Involved (See figure 84–3)

The climbing space through the levels of conductors supported on
line arms only shall be located so that the center line of the pole is
approximately midway on the side of the climbing space and
parallel to the crossarms. The horizontal dimensions of the
climbing spaces, with widths measured perpendicularly to the
conductors, and with depths measured from the center line of the
pole and parallel to the conductors, shall not be less than those
specified in Rule 84.7–A1 and 84.7–A2.
EXCEPTION: At angles in lines with widths of 18 and 30 inches
may be reduced to not less than 16 1/2 and 27 1/2 inches
respectively, provided the horizontal separation of pole–pin
conductors measured parallel to the crossarm shall not be less
than 18 and 30 inches respectively.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

(a) On Poles Which Support Communication Conductors

Only: The climbing space for communication conductors
shall not be less than 18 inches wide and 30 inches deep.
Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6, and January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

(b) On Poles Jointly Used with Supply Conductors: The

climbing space through the levels of communication
conductors on line arms on poles jointly used with supply
conductors, shall be not less than 30 inches in width and
not less than 30 inches in depth, except that climbing
spaces of the dimensions specified in Rule 84.7–A1 may be
used where the only supply conductors supported by the
pole are on service drop clearance attachments as
permitted by Rules 54.8–C2 and 54.8–C3.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

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May 2018
 Rule 84.7-A2

2. Where Buck Arms Are Involved

The horizontal dimensions of the climbing space shall be fixed

according to the following crossarm combinations of line arms and
related buck arms. For this purpose a metal back brace shall be
considered as one of the arms of double arm construction and
where used the requirements for double arm construction shall be
met.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

(a) Double Line Arm and Double Buck Arm: Where the
combination is double line arm and double buck arm the
climbing space shall be not less than 26 1/2 inches square
measured horizontally from the center line of pole (see
Appendix G, Figure 37).
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

(b) Double Buck Arm and Single Line Arm, or Vice Versa:
Where the combination is double buck arm and single line arm,
or vice versa, and the climbing space isleft open on the
opposite side of pole from the single arm, the climbing space
(measured horizontally from center line of pole) shall be not
less than 20 inches perpendicular to the single arm, and not
less than 26 1/2 inches perpendicular to the double arms (see
Appendix G, Figure 36).
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

(c) Single Line Arm and Single Buck Arm: Where the
combination is single line arm and single buck arm and the
climbing space is left open on the sides of pole opposite the
crossarms, the climbing space shall be not less than 20 inches
square measured horizontally from center line of pole (see
Appendix G, Figure 35).
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

(d) Alternative: Where a combination of a single line arm and a

single buck arm or a double line arm and single buck arm (or
vice versa) is involved and it is impracticable to locate the
climbing space on the side of the pole opposite the single arm
or arms, it may be located in another quadrant provided that
any arm within such climbing space is treated as one of the
arms of a double arm installation and that where a change of
quadrant is involved the provisions of Rule 84.7 are observed.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

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 Rule 84.7-A5c

3. Through Conductors Not on Crossarms

Where communication conductors are not supported on

crossarms, an unobstructed climbing space not less than 30 inches
square (measured from center line of pole) shall be maintained
through all conductor levels of such conductors except those levels
of similarly supported conductors within 3 feet of the topmost
conductor on the pole (see Appendix G, Figure 38).
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

4. Through Service Drops Not on Crossarms

Where hooks, knobs or brackets are used for the support of

service drops and other conductors are supported at a higher level
on the pole, an unobstructed climbing space 30 inches square shall
be maintained through such attachments, and for not less than 4
feet above and below such attachments, using any one of the
service drops as one side of the climbing space and having one
other side perpendicular to it and tangent to the surface of the
pole (see Appendix G, Figure 39).

For clearance of service drop attachments above or below supply

conductors see Rule 84.8–D1.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

5. Allowable Climbing Space Obstructions

a. Vertical conductors, when in a suitable protective covering
attached directly to the surface of the pole, terminal boxes or
similar equipment which do not extend more than 5 inches from
the surface of the pole, and guys, will not be held to obstruct
the climbing space provided not more than two guys (provided
they are separated at the pole by a vertical distance of not more
than 18 inches) and one other of the above named obstructions
are installed in any 4-foot vertical section of climbing space.
b. Crossarms and their supporting members are allowed in
climbing spaces provided that, where buck arms are involved,
any arms within climbing spaces are treated as double arms.
c. A guard arm, a longitudinal run of messenger, cable or insulated
wire will not be held to obstruct the climbing space where they
are placed in the climbing space because the presence of a
building wall or similar obstacle will not permit the cable to be
placed on the side of pole opposite the climbing space. Pole
steps shall be suitably placed for the purpose of facilitating

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 Rule 84.7-A5c

climbing past the level of terminal box, cable, drop wires and
guard arm
d. Pole restoration materials are allowed in climbing space
provided pole steps are placed in the restoration area as part of
the process. Pole stepping shall be in accordance with Rule
91.3-B.
e. Bands limited to 6 inches in total width are allowed in any 24-
inch section of climbing space. These limitations are excluded
for pole stubbing and pole splicing bands when pole step
provisions are installed.
f. Unnecessary impairment of the climbing space is not permitted
by the application of this Rule 84.7-E.
Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076, January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030, and January 21, 2015,
by Decision No. 1501005.

6. Colinear, Conflicting or Crossing Lines (See Rule 84.4-D3)

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

B. Working Space
Working space, unobstructed by facilities except as provided in
Rule 84.7-B(3), of the dimensions specified in Rule 84.7-B(1)
and/or 84.7-B(2), shall be provided on all poles in such positions
that the working space shall be accessible from the climbing
space.
(1) Dimensions for surface mounted conductor(s),
cable(s), and messenger(s):
(a) The vertical dimension extends 24 inches above the
uppermost attachment and 48 inches below the
lowermost attachment. (See Figure 84-4.)
(b) The width extends 36 inches from the centerline of the
pole in both directions measured horizontally along the
plane of the attachments. (See Figure 84-4.)
(c) The depth extends not less than 36 inches as measured
perpendicularly to this space boundary from the
centerline of the pole. (See Figure 84-4.)

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 Rule 84.8-B1

(2) Dimensions for Arm mounted conductor(s), cable(s),

and messenger(s):
(a) The vertical dimensions are the same as Rule 84.7.B.1.a.
(b) The width dimension is the same as Rule 84.7.B.1.b.
(c) Where arm(s) support cable(s) the working space include
the dimensions described above and extends from the
centerline of the pole to 36” or the outermost cable,
whichever is greater.
(3) Allowable Working Space Obstructions:
(a) Arms supporting cable, guard arms, longitudinal runs of
messenger cable, and equipment mounted to a cable or
a cable attached directly to the pole.
(i) Cable(s) supported on arm(s) must be 12 inches
above any cable attached directly to the pole below
the arm(s). No cable or equipment may be attached
directly to a pole above any such arm at less than 4
feet.
(b) Guys, risers, vertical cables and conductors attached
directly to the surface of the pole or on a riser bracket,
control rods.
(c) Streetlight brackets or fixtures installed in conformance
with Rule 92.1-F(5).
(d) Equipment supporting class C circuits affixed to the
surface of the pole.
(e) Antenna(s) installed in accordance with Rule 94 above
able(s) of the same ownership.
(f) Unnecessary impairment of the working space is not
permitted by the application of this Rule 84.7-G(2).
(g) Where installed, pole steps shall be suitably placed to
facilitate working around obstructions.
Note: This rule was added January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

84.8 Service Drops

A. Material and Size (See Table 8, Rule 49.4C7b)
Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

B. Attached to Surface of Pole

(1) Service Drops from Open Wire Lines Supported on
Crossarm: Attachments, (by means of hooks, knobs, or

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 Rule 84.8-C

brackets) on the surface of pole shall be not less than 6 feet

below or 4 feet above the level of the nearest unprotected
supply conductor supported on the same pole.
Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

(2) Service Drops from Cabled Lines:

(a) Cable Supported on Crossarm: Service drops

attached to crossarms supporting cables shall not be
less than 15 inches from the center line of pole as
required by Table 1, Case 8, Column B.
(b) Cable without Guard Arm, Supported on Surface
of Pole:
1) Attachments shall not be less than 6 feet below the
level of any supply conductor of more than 750 volts
and shall not be less than 5 feet vertically below the
level of any unprotected supply conductor of 0 - 750
volts.
2) Drive hooks shall occupy pole surface areas not more
than 8 inches in height and 1 inch in width, and not
more than four hooks shall be placed in each of
these areas.(See Appendix G, Figure 39).
3) Service drops shall not be attached to more than
three sides (there being four sides) while
maintaining climbing space.
(c) Cable with Guard Arm, Supported on Surface of
Pole: Attachments may be placed on the face, back and
bottom of the guard arm not less than 15 inches from
the center line of pole, provided the drop wires are
below the top surface of the guard arm and the lateral
run of the drop wires is installed with the provisions of
Rule 84.6–C.

C. Clearances above Ground and Buildings

The vertical clearances shall not be less than the minimum

clearances specified in Rule 37, Table 1, Column B, with the
following modifications:

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 Rule 84.8-C1

(1) Above Public Thoroughfares: Vertical clearance shall not

be less than 18 feet.

EXCEPTION: Not more than 12 feet horizontally from the

curb line, the 18 foot clearance may be
gradually reduced to not less than 16 feet
at the curb line. In no case shall the
clearance at the center line be less than 18
feet. Where there are no curbs, the
foregoing provisions shall apply using the
outer limits of normal longitudinal vehicular
movement in lieu of a curb line.
(2) Above Private Thoroughfares or Private property:
(a) Industrial and Commercial Premises: Over
private driveways, lanes or property accessible to
vehicles, service drops shall not be less than 16
feet.

(b) Residential Premises: Over residential driveways,

lanes or over property accessible to vehicles, service
drops shall not be less than 12 feet.

EXCEPTION: If the building served does not permit

an attachment which will provide this
12 foot clearance without the
installation of a structure on the
building, the clearance shall be as
great as possible, but in no case less
than 10 feet

Note: In exceptional circumstances see Rule 14.

Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

(3) Above Ground in Areas Accessible to Pedestrians

Only:

(a) Industrial and Commercial Premises: Over areas

accessible to pedestrians only, the vertical clearance
shall not be less than 12 feet.

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 Rule 84.8-C4b

(b) Residential Premises: Over areas accessible to

pedestrians only, the vertical clearance shall not be
less than 10 feet.
EXCEPTION: If the building served does not permit
an attachment which will provide this
10 foot clearance without the
installation of a structure on the
building, the clearance shall be as
great as possible but in no case less
than 8 feet 6 inches.
(c) Above Ground on Fenced Railway Rights–of–
Way (See Rule 84.4–A4)
Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10.

(4) From Buildings and Structures: Service drops should

be arranged so as not to hamper or endanger
firefighters and workers in performing their duties.
Service drops are not required to clear buildings any
specified horizontal distance but shall be so installed that
they do not interfere with the free use of fire escapes,
windows, doors and other points at which entrance or
exit might be expected.
Service drops are not required to clear the roofs of
buildings on the premises served any specified vertical
distance. The vertical clearance above buildings on
premises other than the one being served shall not be
less than 8 feet, except that a reduction to not less than 2
feet is permitted under either of the following conditions;
(a) Over roofs whose slope exceeds 9 inches of rise per 12
inches of run (see sketch), or
Run = 12"
Rise = 9"

(b) Over roofs where the service drop does not overhang
the building by more than 6 feet.
Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

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 Rule 84.8-C5

(5) Over Swimming Pools (See Rule 84.4–A5b and Figure

84–1).
Note: Added January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109, and Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

D. Clearances between Conductors

These clearances shall not be less than the minimums specified in

Rule 38, Table 2, Column C, with the following modifications:

(1) Above or below Supply Line Conductors (See Rule

32.2–F):
(a) Crossings in Spans: (Table 2, Case 4, Column C [48
inches]): Vertical clearance may be reduced to not less
than 24 inches provided:
1) Crossing is below line conductors of 0 - 750 volts, or
above line cables as in Rule 57.8, and
2) Crossing is 6 feet or more from any pole supporting
one, but not both, involved conductors.
(b) Supported on the Same Pole: (Table 2, Case 9,
Column C [48 inches]): Vertical clearance may be
reduced to not less than the values shown in Table 15,
provided pole–top clearance attachments are not
involved.
Note: Revised January 21, 1992 by Resolution SU–10; and November 6, 1992 by Resolution No. SU–15.

Table 15: Minimum Radial Clearance Between Communications Service Drops and Line Conductors
Minimum Radial Clearance (Inches)
From Police and From Supply Line
Radial Distance of Crossing from Supporting Pole (Feet) Fire Alarm Line Conductors
Conductors
5 or Less 6 12
10 or Less, but More than 5 9 18
15 or Less, but More than 10 15 24
20 or Less, but More than 15 21 24
More than 20 24 24

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 Rule 84.8-D3

(2) On Clearance Crossarms: Communication service drops

may be supported on a clearance crossarm at a vertical
distance less than as specified in Table 2, Case 9, Column C
(48 inches), but not less than 24 inches above or below
supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts, or above supply cables when
treated as in Rule 57.8, provided the communication service
drop conductors are at least 25 inches horizontally from the
center line of pole or are attached to suitable brackets on
each end of the clearance arm and carried on the underside
of the clearance arm from end to end in fiber or plastic
conduit or under wood protective covering as specified in
Rule 54.6–C.
Service drops installed in accordance with this rule will not
entail any change in the supply conductors supported on the
pole.
Note: Revised June 7, 1965 by Decision No. 69071.

(3) On Pole–Top Extensions: Communication service drops

may be carried in a clearance crossing on pole–top
extensions or brackets above supply conductors of 0 - 750
volts with a minimum vertical conductor separation of 24
inches, provided the service drop conductors clear the center
line of pole (projected) not less than 25 inches horizontally,
and further provided the service drop conductors clear the
outside pin position conductors of the other circuit not less
than 24 inches. Where, in addition to the pole–top extension
or bracket, the communication service drops are supported
on a bracket on the end of the 0 - 750 volt supply line
crossarm, a minimum radial clearance of 12 inches will be
permitted at the point of crossing of the outside pin position
conductor. In such construction the crossarm of the
extension shall be ofwood.

Service drops installed in accordance with this rule will not

entail any change in the supply conductors supported on the
pole.

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 Rule 84.8-D4

(4) Above or below Supply Service Drops: The radial

clearance between communication service drop conductors
and supply service drop conductors may be less than 48
inches as specified in Table 2, Column C, Cases 4 and 9;
Column D, Cases 3 and 8, but shall be not less than 24
inches. Where within 15 feet of the point of attachment of
either service drop on a building, this clearance may be
further reduced but shall be not less than 12 inches.

(5) Above Trolley Contact Conductors: Service drops may

cross above trolley contact conductors, including messenger
in catenary construction, at a vertical distance of not less
than 4 feet, provided they clear the top of rails a vertical
distance of 26 feet where the railway crossed transports
standard freight cars or 23 feet where the railway does not
transport freight cars. See also Rule 32.2–F.

E. Clearance from Other Poles

Service drops shall clear the center line of any pole by which they
are not supported by not less than 22.5 inches, except where such
pole is less than 10 feet from the pole which supports the service
drops. Where these two poles are less than 10 feet apart this
clearance may be less than 22.5 inches but shall not be less than
15 inches.

(1) From Nonclimbable Street Lighting or Traffic Signal

Poles or Standards: (See Rule 84.4–D4a)

Note: Added January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186 and revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076; and November 6,
1992 by Resolution No. SU–15.

85 Conductor Insulators

85.1 Material

Insulators used on lines shall be porcelain, glass, or other equally

suitable material.

85.2 Strength (See Rule 49.5)

86 Guys

Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution No. SU–15.

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 Rule 86.4-A1

86.1 Definition (See Rule 21.5)

86.2 Use

Where mechanical loads imposed on poles, towers or structures are

greater than an be supported with the safety factors as specified in
Rule 44, additional strength shall be provided by the use of guys or
other suitable construction.
Where guys are used with poles or similar structures capable of
considerable deflection before failure, the guys shall be able to
support the entire stress, the pole below the point of guy attachment
acting merely as a strut.
Guys shall be attached to structures as nearly as practicable at the
center of load. They shall be maintained taut and of such strength as
to meet the safety factors of Rule 44.

86.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.6)

86.4 Clearances

The basic minimum clearances are specified in Tables 1 and 2, Rules

37 and 38 respectively. Modifications are specified in the following
provisions:

A. Above Ground

(1) Over, across or along Public Thoroughfares:

Minimum clearance shall not be less than 18 feet (Table 1,
Case 3, Column A).
EXCEPTIONS:
(a) A minimum clearance of 16 feet is permitted over an
entrance to or exit from industrial or commercial
premises.
(b) A minimum clearance of 14 feet is permitted over an
entrance to or exit from private residential premises.
(c) Clearances of overhead guys along public thoroughfares,
above ground which is not normally accessible to
vehicles, may be less than as specified in Table 1,
Column A, Cases 3 and 4 (18 feet and 15 feet
respectively) but shall not be less than 8 feet.
Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 86.4-A2

(2) Over Private Property: Those portions of guys over private

roadways or areas normally accessible to vehicles may have a
clearance above ground less than 18 feet (Table 1, Case 3,
Column A) but not less than 16 feet in rural districts and not
less than 14 feet in urban districts.

(3) Over Swimming Pools (See Rule 84.4–A5c and Figure

84–1)

Note: Added January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109 and revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines

(1) Which Transport Freight Cars: The clearance specified in

Table 1, Case 1, Column A (25 feet) is based upon the
maximum height of standard freight cars, 15 feet 6 inches
from top of rail to top of running board. This clearance shall
in no case be reduced more than 5% because of
temperature, wind or mechanical loading.

(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley: The clearance of 26 feet

specified in Table 1, Case 2, Column A is based upon a trolley
pole throw of 26 feet. Guys and span wires may have
clearances of less than the trolley throw distance (26 feet)
above the running surfaces, top of rail or surface of street,
used by trolley cars or coaches provided the guys and span
wires are not less than 4 feet above the trolley contact
conductors and are encased in wood boxing or moulding 7/8
inch or more in thickness for distances of at least 2 feet
horizontally from the vertical plane through each trolley
contact conductor.

C. From Conductors

(1) Crossing in Spans: Vertical clearances at points of crossing

not less than as specified in Table 2, Case 1, and radial
clearances not less than as specified in Table 2, Case 18,
shall be maintained between guys or span wires and
conductors supported on other poles.

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 Rule 86.4-D1

(2) On Colinear Lines: The radial clearances between guys on a

line and conductors on a colinear line shall be not less than
as specified in Table 2, Case 18. Vertical clearances not less
than as specified in Table 2, Case 1, shall also be maintained
at points of crossing between guys on a line and conductors
supported on other poles of a colinear line.

(3) Parallel on Same Poles: The radial clearances between

guys and communication conductors which are approximately
parallel and supported by the same poles may be less than as
specified in Table 2, Case 18, but shall be not less than 3
inches.

(4) Passing on Same Poles: The radial clearances between

guys and conductors supported by or attached to the same
poles or crossarms shall be not less than as specified in Table
2, Case 19 except that the clearance between guys and
communication messenger and/or able attached directly to
surface of pole may be less than the 3 inches specified in
Table 2, Case 19, Column C provided: the guy is not a guy in
proximity, or all parts of the guy are not less than 6 feet
below 0 - 750 volt supply conductors supported on same
pole, and a wood guard or equivalent is placed on the
messenger and/or cable; also, a guy attached to a pole which
supports supply conductors at a distance of not less than 6
feet above communication messenger and/or cable shall (1)
have an insulator placed in the guy above the communication
messenger and/or cable, at a distance of not less than 6 feet
horizontally from the pole, or (2) have an insulator placed in
the guy not less than 3 inches nor more than 6 inches above
the messenger and/or cable, and a wood guard or equivalent
placed on the messenger and/or cable.
Note: Revised February 14, 1968 by Decision No. 73722.

D. From Span Wires or Other Guys

(1) Crossing in Spans: At points of crossing, vertical

clearances, not less than 18 inches as specified in Table 2,
Case 1, Column A, and radial clearances of not less than 12
inches, shall be maintained between guys or span wires and
other guys or span wires which are not attached to the same
poles.

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 Rule 86.4-D2

(2) Passing and Attached to Same Pole: Where a guy of a

communication system and a guy of a supply system pass
each other and are attached to the same pole, a separation
of not less than 3 inches shall be maintained between such
guys. No separation is required between such guys of
communication systems, provided neither is an exposed guy
(see Rule 21.5–C).

(3) Approximately Parallel and Attached to Same Poles:

Where two or more overhead guys are approximately parallel
and attached to the same poles, either or both of which poles
support supply conductors, such guys shall have a vertical
separation of at least one foot between the points of
attachment on the pole, or poles, which support supply
conductors. In cases where this 1 foot minimum separation is
not practicable other means may be employed to insure the
effectiveness of guy insulators, but in no case shall the
distance between any guy wire and the surface of the
insulator in any other guy be less than 3 inches. This rule
shall not prohibit the contact of such guys to the same shim
and shall not apply to guys acting in different directions, nor
to guys in which insulators are not required by any provision
of Rule 86.6.

Where two or more anchor guys are attached to the same

pole carrying supply conductors and the same grounded
anchorage, either directly or through the medium of a stub,
they shall be separated at the pole by a vertical distance of at
least one foot, provided any guy wire shall be not less than 3
inches from the surface of the insulator in any other guy. In
lieu of securing this 3 inches minimum separation by means
of the 1 foot minimum separation of guy attachments at the
pole, it shall be afforded by separation of the grounded
anchorages or by other practicable means which shall insure
the minimum clearance of 3 inches. The provisions of this
rule do not apply to guys which act in different directions
from the pole or to guys attached to grounded metal
structures or to guys which do not require insulators.

The provisions of this rule requiring separation of guys shall

not be held to apply to guys attached to poles supporting
only communication conductors.

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 Rule 86.6

E. From Poles

Where guys passing poles supporting supply conductors are less

than 15 inches from surface of pole and less than 8 feet below
supply conductors of less than 35,500 volts supported on such
pole, the guys shall be sectionalized, in addition to the normal
sectionalization required by Rule 86.6, by means of insulators in
accordance with Rule 86.6–B2 as though attached to the pole or
structure.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030.

F. Above Buildings

The minimum vertical clearance of 8 feet specified for guys above

buildings (Table 1, Case 6, Column A) may be reduced to a
clearance of not less than 2 feet when the roof’s slope exceeds 9
inches of rise per 12 inches of run (see sketch).

Run = 12"
Rise = 9"

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

86.5 Fastenings
Guy wires shall be protected by the use of guy thimbles or their
equivalent where attached to anchor rods or through bolts.
Cedar and other soft–wood poles, around which any guy having an
ultimate strength of 5,000 pounds or more is wrapped, shall be
protected by suitable guy shims. Hooks, lag screws or other
equivalent means shall be used where necessary to prevent theguy
from slipping along the pole.

86.6 Sectionalizing and Grounding Requirements

The general requirements governing the sectionalizing of guys by
means of insulators are based upon the exposure or proximity of the
guys to supply conductors. For definition of guys exposed and guys in
proximity to supply conductors see Rules 21.5–C and D respectively
(see also Appendix G, Figures 44 and 45). The following requirements
shall apply to the treatment and sectionalizing of guys.

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 Rule 86.6-A

A. Where Not Exposed to Supply Conductors

Guys attached to or passing poles or structures supporting only

communication conductors need not be sectionalized or grounded,
provided such guys are not exposed to supply conductors of 250 -
22,500 volts and are not in proximity to supply conductors of 0 -
35,500 volts.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489, August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030.

B. Sectionalized Because of Exposure or Proximity to Supply

Conductors

(1) Overhead Guys Exposed to Supply Conductors of 250 -

22,500 Volts: Ungrounded overhead guys which are
exposed to supply conductors of 250 - 22,500 volts, and
which are not in proximity to supply conductors of 0 - 22,500
volts shall be sectionalized by means of insulators located as
specified in Rule 86.7–A1 (see Appendix G, Figure 44).
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

(2) Guys in Proximity: Every overhead or anchor guy, any

portion of which is in proximity to a wood pole and supply
conductors of 0 - 35,500 volts (see Appendix G, Figures 45,
48 and 49) shall be sectionalized by means of insulators as
specified in Rule 86.7–A2 or Rule 86.7–B, and no portion in
proximity to such supply conductors shall be grounded.
Excepted from this requirement are anchor guys, and
grounded overhead guys, which are attached to poles at a
level less than 8 feet but not less than 6 feet below the level
of supply conductors provided the level of the guy
attachment is at or below the level of communication cable
messenger attached to the same pole (see Appendix G,
Figures 48a and 49f).

Also excepted from this requirement are anchor guys, and

grounded overhead guys, which are attached to poles at a
level less than 6 feet but not less than 4 feet below the level
of supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts provided such guys are
extensions of or attached to a cable messenger, are in the
same vertical plane (or extension thereof) as the messenger,
and are below the guard arms required by Rule 87.7–B for
such a messenger (see Appendix G, Figure 48a).
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030.

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 Rule 86.7-A1

C. Guys Exposed to Supply Conductors of 22,500 Volts or

More

Portions of guys exposed to supply conductors of 22,500 volts or

more shall be securely grounded, and such guys need not be
sectionalized unless sectionalization is required by Rule 86.6–B2
because of proximity to supply conductors of 0 - 35,500 volts (see
Appendix G, Figure 52c).

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030 and March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

D. Guys Attached to Grounded Poles or Structures

Guys attached to securely grounded metal pole or structures are

not required to be sectionalized except as required by Rule 86.6–
B2 because of proximity to supply conductors of less than 35,500
volts supported on wood poles.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030.

E. Anchor Guys through Supply Conductor Levels

An anchor guy which passes through the level of supply

conductors at positions other than between pole pin positions or
outside of the outer pin positions shall have insulators above and
below the level of supply conductors at locations as specified in
Rule 86.7–B (see Appendix G, Figure 49d).

86.7 Location of Sectionalizing Insulators

A. Overhead Guys
All insulators in overhead guys shall be not less than 8 feet above
the ground.
(1) Exposed: Ungrounded overhead guys which are required by
Rule 86.6–B1 to be sectionalized because of exposure to
supply conductors of 250 - 22,500 volts shall have an
insulator not less than 6 feet and not more than 9 feet
(measured along the guy) from each point of attachment to
wood poles or structures which support conductors. One
insulator will suffice where such an overhead guy is less than
17 feet in length between wood poles or structures.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

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 Rule 86.7-A2

(2) In Proximity: Overhead guys which are required to be

sectionalized by Rules 86.6–B2 shall have an insulator not
less than 6 feet and not more than 9 feet (measured along
the guy) from each point of attachment to poles, crossarms
or structures (see Appendix G, Figures 47 and 48).

Excepted from this requirement are guys to poles which

support no conductors provided such guys are not in
proximity to supply conductors of 0 - 35,500 volts on any
poles other than the poles to which they are attached. Such
guys, if required to be sectionalized by Rule 86.6–B2, shall
have an insulator 6 to 9 feet from the point of attachment to
the pole which supports conductors (see Appendix G, Figures
44b and 44e).
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489; August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094 and November 20, 1979 by
Decision No. 91030.

B. Anchor Guys

An insulator shall be installed in each anchor guy which is required

to be sectionalized by Rule 86.6–B2, so that such insulator is
located not less than 8 feet above the ground and either 8 feet
below the level of the lowest supply conductor or not less than 6
feet from surface of pole and not less than one foot below the
level of the lowest supply conductor. These sectionalizing
requirements for anchor guys can normally be met by insulation at
one location; however, short guys or other conditions may require
insulation at two locations, one location being not less than 8 feet
above the ground and the other location either not less than 8 feet
below the lowest supply conductors, or not less than 6 feet
horizontally from pole and not less than one foot below the level
of the lowest supply conductor. In order to prevent trees,
buildings, messengers, metal–sheathed cables or other similar
objects from grounding portions of guys above guy insulators, it is
suggested that anchor guys be sectionalized, where practicable,
near the highest level permitted by this Rule 86.7–B.

Anchor guys which pass through the level of supply conductors at

positions other than between pole pin positions or outside of the
outer pin positions, shall be sectionalized by means of an insulator
placed below the supply conductors in accordance with the
foregoing provisions of this rule, and in addition thereto an
insulator shall be placed not less than 2 feet above the supply
conductor level.

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 Rule 86.8-C

An insulator or insulators shall be located in “sidewalk” guys so

that no grounded horizontal brace is less than 8 feet below the
lowest supply conductor.

C. Truss Guys

An insulator shall be installed in each truss guy which is required

to be sectionalized by Rule 86.6–B, so that such insulator is
located not less than 8 feet above the ground and not less than 8
feet below the level of the lowest supply conductor passing within
6 feet of the guy. These requirements can normally be met by
insulation at one position; however, in certain unusual conditions
the distances above ground and below conductors may overlap, in
which case insulation will be necessary at two positions.

86.8 Guy Insulators

Insulators which sectionalize guys shall conform to the following

specifications based on the highest voltage of supply conductors
carried at the level on the pole, tower, structure or crossarm nearest
which the guy is attached and adequate for the voltage of supply
circuits through which the guy passes.

A. Material

Insulators used in guys on communication lines shall be porcelain,

glass or other equally suitable material.

B. Strength (See Rule 44, Table 4, Rule 49.5–B)

C. Voltage Requirements

Insulators used in guys on communication lines shall be so

designed that their dry flashover voltage is not more than 75% of
their puncture voltage at the operating frequencies of supply lines
to which guys are exposed.
Insulators used in guys on communication lines shall have a dry
flashover voltage not less than as specified in Table 16 when
tested in accordance with the American National Standard (ANSI
C29.1–1982) under the maximum mechanical loadings specified by
this order for the guy construction involved.

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 Rule 86.8-C, Table 16

Table 16: Guy Insulator Flashover Voltages

Nominal Voltage of Circuits to Which Dry Flashover Voltage of Insulators
Guy is in Proximity
0 - 7,500 volts 15,000 volts
7,501 - 17,500 volts Double the circuit voltage
17,501 - 22,500 volts 35,000 volts
22,501 - 35,500 volts Double the circuit voltage

Note: To meet dry flashover requirements, use of multiple insulators in series is permissible.
Note: Revised November 20, 1979 by Decision No. 91030 and October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

86.9 Guy Marker (Guy Guard)

A substantial marker of suitable material, including but not limited to

metal or plastic, not less than 8 feet in length, shall be securely
attached to all anchor guys. Where more than one guy is attached to
an anchor rod, only the outermost guy is required to have a marker.
Note: Revised September 15, 1964 by Decision No. 67820, November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6 and October 9, 1996
by Resolution SU–40.

87 Cables and Messengers

87.1 Definition (See Rules 20.4 and 22.3)

Note: Revised October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

87.2 Use of Messenger

Where a cable is of such weight that it would not meet the safety
factors of Table 4 when self–supported, said weight shall be
supported by attachment to a stranded messenger.

87.3 Material and Strength (See Rule 49.7)

87.4 Clearances

The clearances for conductors as specified in Rule 84.4 shall apply to

cables and their messengers except where modified herein and shall
be measured to the nearest surfaces of the cable and messenger
assembly, including cable rings and messenger supports.

A. Above Ground (See Rule 84.4–A)

B. Above Railways and Trolley Lines

(1) Which Transport Freight Cars (See Rule 84.4–B1)

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 Rule 87.4-C3

(2) Operated by Overhead Trolley: The clearances specified

in Table 1, Case 2, Columns A and B are based upon a
maximum trolley pole throw of 26 feet.

Messengers and cables may have clearances above the rails

or running surfaces used by trolley cars or coaches less than
the distance specified in Table 1, Case 2, Columns A and B
(26 feet) for trolley–throw clearance, provided the
messengers and cables are not less than 4 feet above the
trolley contact conductor and are encased in wood boxing or
moulding 7/8 inch or more in thickness for distances of at
least 2 feet horizontally from the vertical plane of each trolley
contact conductor.

Where railways operated by overhead trolleys transport

freight cars, the provisions of Rule 84.4–B1 also apply.

C. Between Conductors and Cables

The minimum horizontal and vertical clearances shall be those

specified in Rule 38, Table 2 (see also, Rule 32.2–D) with the
following modifications.
(1) Cable Conductors: Insulated cables (including single
conductors, duplex, triplex, and paired conductors, whether
single or grouped, and whether with or without supporting
messengers) are treated as single conductors, and therefore
no specified clearance is required between the individual
conductors which comprise them. The clearance of 3 inches
required by Table 2, Case 15, Column C, likewise does not
apply between different cables.
Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

(2) Between Separate Cables: The horizontal separation of 3

inches specified in Table 2, Case 15, Column C, is not
intended to apply between separate cables on crossarms.

(3) Attached to Poles: On poles which carry no supply

conductors or crossarms, communication cables or
messengers may be attached to the sides of poles in any
position within 3 feet of the top of the pole provided metal–
sheathed cables or messengers are separated from open wire
conductors in this section of the pole by a vertical distance of
not less than 12 inches.

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 Rule 87.4-C3

On poles where communication conductors are supported on

crossarms and no supply conductors (except supply service
drop clearance attachments) are attached, apply the
provisions of Rule 84.4–D1 and Figure 84–2.

Cables or messengers where attached to the surface of poles

which support supply conductors, shall not be less than 6 feet
vertically below the level of supply conductors.

EXCEPTION: This minimum clearance of 6 feet may be

reduced to not less than 4 feet below supply
conductors of 0 - 750 volts provided a guard
arm is placed above the messenger and cable
(or self–supporting cable) in accordance with
the provision of Rule 87.7–B (see Rule 21.0–D
for guard arm definition). No cable or
messenger shall be attached to the surface of
such a pole less than 2 feet below the lowest
level of communication conductors on
crossarms unless a minimum horizontal
separation of 30 inches is maintained between
the messenger or cable and the
communication conductors on the opposite
side of pole.

Note: Revised November 21, 1990 by Resolution SU–6.

D. From Poles

(1) Cables or Messengers Supported on Crossarms: Cables

on messengers supported on crossarms shall have a
clearance of not less than 15 inches from the center line of
poles which support supply conductors.
Cables or messengers supported on crossarms shall have a
clearance of not less than 9 inches from the center line of
poles which support only communication conductors.

(2) Cables or Messengers Not Supported on Crossarms:

Cables or messengers may be attached directly to the surface
of poles and the clearance specified in Table 1, Cases 8 and
9, shall not be held to apply provided all vertical clearances
between conductors are maintained as specified throughout
these rules.

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 Rule 87.4-H

(3) Colinear Lines (See Rule 84.4–D3)

(4) Cables or Messengers Passing Supply Poles and

Unattached Thereto (See Rule 84.4–D4)

(5) Cables or Messengers Passing and Unattached from

Nonclimbable Street Lighting and Traffic Signal Poles
or Standards (See Rule 84.4–D4a).
Note: Added January 8, 1980 by Decision No. 91186 and Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076.

E. Above or beside Buildings, Bridges and Other Structures

(See Rule 84.4–E)

F. Between Cables and Messengers

Cables supported by messengers are not required to be any

specified distance from their supporting messengers.

G. Between Messengers

No clearance between messengers is required where messengers

of the same system branch or cross and the clearance specified in
Table 2, Case 1, Column A, does not apply in such instances.

H. From Grounded Metal Boxes, Hardware and Equipment

Associated with Supply Lines

Cables and messengers installed on non–metallic poles or non–

metallic structures shall have a minimum clearance of 48 inches
below or 72 inches above grounded metal boxes, hardware or
metal cases for equipment associated with supply lines.

EXCEPTIONS:

(1) The 72 inches above may be reduced to 48 inches where

there is not a pole mounted communication drop
distribution terminal above the grounded metal box,
hardware or metal case for equipment, or where the
grounded metal box, hardware or metal case for equipment
is securely bonded to the communication cable and/or
messenger (see Figure 54–4).

(2) The 72 inches above may be reduced to 48 inches when the

grounded metal box, hardware or metal case for equipment
is on the opposite side of a pole from a pole

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 Rule 87.5

mounted communication drop distribution terminal.

Note: Added October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40

87.5 Fastenings

Messenger fastenings shall meet the safety factors of Rule 44. The
fastenings or attachments by which messengers are deadended shall
have a strength at least equal to that of the strand to which they are
attached.

87.6 Sectionalizing of Messengers

Where an extended messenger is treated as a guy, the sectionalizing

requirements specified for guys shall be met (see Rule 86).

87.7 Covering or Guarding

A. Vertical and Lateral Cables

See Rules 84.6–C, D and E for covering or protection of vertical

and lateral cables attached to the surface of poles, crossarms or
structures.

B. Longitudinal Aerial Cables or Messengers

A guard arm, at least 4 feet in length, shall be placed directly

above and as nearly parallel as practicable to longitudinal aerial
cables or messengers over which a guard arm is required by the
provisions of Rule 87.4–C3. In lieu of the guard arm a suitable
wood covering of the length specified for guard arms may be
placed around the cable and messenger.

Double guard arms shall be installed above cables and messengers

which are deadended on poles where the installation of guard
arms is required by the provisions of Rule 87.4–C3.

No communication antenna, conductor, cable or messenger shall

be supported on or attached to the top or side surface of any
guard arm except as permitted for service drops and their (vertical
and lateral) runs by the provisions of Rules 84.6–C and 84.8–B2c.

Note: Revised January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

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 Rule 87.9

C. Crossing Trolley Lines (See Rule 87.4–B2)

D. Risers
(1) Covered from Ground Level to 8 Feet above the
Ground:
Risers shall be protected from the ground level to a level not
less than 8 feet above the ground by:
(a) Securely or effectively grounded iron or steel pipe (or
other covering at least of equal strength). When metallic
sheathed cable rising from underground non– metallic
conduit is protected by metallic pipe or moulding, such
pipe or moulding shall be effectively grounded as
specified in Rule 21.4–A, or
(b) Non–metallic conduit or rigid U–shaped moulding. Such
conduit or moulding shall be of material as specified in
Rule 22.8.

(2) Covered from 8 Feet above the Ground Level and

Above:
(a) Risers shall be covered by a suitable protective covering,
as defined in Rule 22.8 where within a vertical distance
of 3 feet above or 6 feet below the level of unprotected
supply conductors when supported on the same pole or
structure or within a 6–foot radius of another pole
supporting unprotected supply conductors, except that
when the riser is protected by a guard arm installed in
accordance with Rule 87.4–C3 the 6 feet may be reduced
to not less than 4 feet.
Note: Revised June 7, 1965 by Decision No. 89071; June 21, 1977 by Resolution No. E–1689, February 13, 1980 by
Resolution No. E–1863, March 9, 1988 by Resolution No. E–3076 and January 19, 1994 by Resolution No. SU– 25.
Formerly Rule 84.6-E. Revised and moved October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

(3) Hardware (See Rule 91.4).

Note: Added January 21, 2015 by Decision No. 1501005.

87.8 Sags

The sags of cables and their supporting messengers shall be such that
the messengers conform to the requirements of Rule 49.7–B.

87.9 Grounding (see Rule 92.4)

Note: Added October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

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 Rule 87.10-A1

87.10 Fiber Optic Cable Transitions

A. Non-dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Transitions

(1) Transitions of non-dielectric fiber optic cables between the

supply level and communication level, or between one
supply level to another supply level, shall occur on a single
supporting structure.

(2) Non-dielectric fiber optic cables transitioning from a supply

level to a communication level, or from one supply level to
another supply level, shall be treated in accordance with
Rule 54.6-D, 1, 2, 3, and 5, at the supply level and
transitioning to or through (e.g., vertical runs or risers)
another level. When such cable is suitably protected, there
is no minimum clearance from centerline of pole or from
other conductors except such cables shall not be installed in
the climbing space.

Exception: Non-dielectric fiber optic cables transitioning

on metallic structures may be grounded in-
lieu of protective covering or covered in
accordance with Rule 54.6-D, 1 through 6.
Uncovered, grounded, non- dielectric fiber
optic cable transitions in vertical runs on
metallic structures shall maintain minimum
clearances in accordance with Rule 38, Table
2, Case 16a.

(3) Splices and splice enclosures on non-dielectric fiber optic

cable transitions shall meet the requirements for equipment
of Rule 54.4-G.

B. Dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Transitions

(1) Dielectric fiber optic cable facilities may transition from the
supply level to the communication level between supporting
structures. When transitioning in this manner, these
facilities shall:

(a) Not pass by or through communication facilities; and,

(b) Be attached (or terminated) at the uppermost
communication level.

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 Rule 89.2

(2) Dielectric fiber optic cable facilities may transition from one
supply level to another supply level between supporting
structures. Facilities transitioning in this manner shall not
transition more than one level between supporting
structures.

Note: Added January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

88 Miscellaneous Equipment

88.1 Cable Terminals or Boxes

Cable terminals or boxes on poles supporting communication

conductors may be placed upon any surface of the pole provided such
terminals or boxes where placed in the climbing space shall not
extend more than 5 inches from the surface of pole, and provisions of
Rule 84.7–E for climbing space obstructions are met. This rule is not
intended to apply to equipment placed within the top 3 feet of a pole
supporting only communication conductors and no crossarms.

89 Private Communication Circuits

89.1 Definition (See Rule 20.6–A)

89.2 Construction and Operation

Private communication circuits shall be constructed and maintained

throughout (by suitable coordination with supply circuits or by the use
of arresters, drainage coils, insulating transformers, or other suitable
devices) so as to prevent, under normal (neither transient nor fault)
conditions, an induced potential in excess of 400 volts to ground or
750 volts between any two points on the circuit.

Private communication circuits or sections thereof shall be constructed

and operated as Class C circuits, and shall be consistently so treated
with regard to voltages, clearances and strengths of construction
except as provided in Rule 89.2–A where supported on the same
crossarms with supply conductors.

See Rule 78.2 for provisions applicable to private communication

circuits supported on trolley span wires.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

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 Rule 89.2-A

A. Private Communication Circuits and Supply Circuits on the

Same Crossarms (See Rule 32.4–C)

(1) Supply Conductors of 7,500 - 22,500 Volts, Same

Ownership: Where private communication conductors are
supported on the same crossarms with supply conductors of
7,500 - 22,500 volts, the private communication circuits shall
have the strengths and clearances required for Class L
circuits of 750 - 5,000 volts. The private communication
conductors shall be on opposite ends of the arms from the
supply conductors and shall be separated a horizontal
distance of not less than 36 inches from the nearest supply
conductor. Where buck arms are used in connection with
such circuit arrangement, the minimum vertical separation
between related line and buck arms shall be 4 feet and the
horizontal separation between the nearest conductors of the
two classes of circuits on the same arm shall be not less than
36 inches plus any horizontal space provided by vacant pin
positions which are required by climbing space rules.
Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

(2) Supply Conductors of 750 - 7,500 Volts, Same

Ownership: Where private communication conductors are
supported on the same crossarms with supply conductors of
750 - 7,500 volts, the private communication circuits shall
have the strengths and clearances required for Class L
circuits of 0 - 750 volts. The private communication
conductors shall be on opposite ends of the arms from the
supply conductors with conductor clearances and the spacing
between related line and buck arms in conformity with the
requirements for combination arm construction (see Rules
32.4–A3, 54.4–C2b and 54.7–A).

(3) Supply Conductors of 0 - 750 Volts, Same Ownership:

Where private communication conductors are supported on
the same crossarms with supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts,
the private communication circuits shall have strengths and
clearances as required for Class C conductors except that the
clearances from supply conductors of the same ownership
shall conform to the requirements of Class L circuits of 0 -
750 volts. The communication conductors shall preferably be
located in the outer pin positions.

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 Rule 89.2-B

(4) Supply Conductors of 0 - 750 Volts, Different

Ownership: Supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts and private
communication circuits of different ownership may be
supported on the same crossarm, provided the two
classifications of circuits are installed on opposite ends of the
arm and the nearest conductor of the two classifications are
separated a horizontal distance of not less than 36 inches.
Services direct from such a crossarm are not permitted to
cross conductors of other classification supported on the
same crossarm.

(5) Change in Location with Respect to Supply

Conductors: At both ends of any section of private
communication circuits supported on the same crossarms
with supply conductors in accordance with Rules 89.2–A1 or
89.2–A2, suitable equipment shall be provided to prevent
effectively the transmission, from one section of the line to
another, of voltages exceeding 400 volts to ground or 750
volts between any two points of the circuit, including voltages
caused under transient or fault conditions, by induction from
or contact with the supply conductors supported on the same
arms with the private communication conductors.

B. Private Communication Circuits and Supply Circuits on the

Same Pole

Where private communication circuits are supported on the same

poles with supply conductors but not on crossarms which also
support supply conductors, the clearance requirements for 0 - 750
volt supply conductors may be applied in lieu of the clearance
requirements for Class C conductors, to the clearance between the
private communication conductors and supply conductors of the
same ownership.

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 Rule 89.3

89.3 Telephone Instruments on Poles or Structures

Where a telephone instrument is attached to the surface of a pole or

structure at less than 8 feet vertically above the ground (or at any
elevation on a grounded metal pole or structure) and is connected to
a private communication circuit constructed on the same pole line
with, or colinear with, a Class H supply circuit, or is connected to a
private communication circuit carried on crossarms with supply
conductors of 750 - 22,500 volts, such instrument shall be enclosed in
a suitable box of wood or equivalent insulating material, which shall
be locked to prevent access by unauthorized persons. Where such a
telephone instrument is so attached, connected, and enclosed, unless
isolated from the communication circuit by an adequate insulating
transformer, a suitably insulated stool or platform, on which a person
can stand while using the instrument, shall be provided.

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

89.4 Cables and Messengers

Where private communication circuits are carried in cables the

provisions of Rule 87 shall apply, except that such circuits may be
carried in cables on crossarms which support supply conductors,
under the provisions of Rule 89.2–A, in which case the requirements
of Rule 57 shall apply to such private communication cables.

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 Section IX
Joint Poles or Poles Jointly Used

Rule Page

90. General IX-3

91. Poles, Towers and Structures IX-3
91.1 Joint Use IX-3
91.2 Strength IX-3
91.3 Stepping IX-4
A. Use of Steps IX-4
(1) Poles with Vertical Runs or Risers IX-4
(a) One–party Poles IX-4
(b) Communications Runs IX-4
(c) Supply Runs IX-5
B. Location of Steps IX-5
91.4 Hardware IX-5
91.5 Marking IX-5
92. Conductors, Cables and Messengers IX-5
92.1 Vertical Clearances IX-5
A. Between Low–voltage Rack Conductors and Other Conductors IX-6
B. Between Cables and Messengers and Other Conductors IX-6
C. Communication Open Wire Conductors IX-8
D. Circuits Serving Same Party IX-8
E. Communication Service Drop Attachments IX-8
F. Between Conductors, Cables, Messengers and
Miscellaneous Equipment IX-8
(1) Unenergized Parts of Energized Equipment IX-9
(2) Cable Terminals or Metal Boxes IX-10
(3) Drip Loops IX-11
(4) Transformers or Regulators IX-11
(5) Street Lighting Equipment IX-13
(6) Between Grounded Metal Boxes IX-13

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 Rule Page

92.2 Police and Fire Alarm Circuits IX-13

92.3 Vertical Runs, Risers, Ground Wires and Hardware IX-14
92.4 Grounding IX-14
A. General IX-14
B. Applicability IX-15
C. Material and Size IX-15
(1) Grounding Conductors IX-15
(2) Ground Rods (Ground Electrodes) IX-16
D. Location of Grounds on Exposed Cables with Metallic
Shields, Sheaths or Messengers; and on Exposed Guys IX-16
(1) Exposed Cables and Messengers IX-16
(2) Exposed Guys IX-16
93. Climbing Space IX-17
94. Antennas
94.1 Definition IX-17
94.2 Maintenance and Inspection IX-17
94.3 General Requirements IX-17
94.4 Clearances IX-18
94.5 Marking IX-20
94.6 Climbing Space IX-20
94.7 Stepping IX-21
94.8 Risers and Vertical Runs IX-21
94.9 De-Energizing IX-22
94.11 Pole Overturning Calculation IX-22
94.12 Personnel Access Above Supply Lines IX-22

Note: Revised January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

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May 2018
 Section IX
Joint Poles or Poles Jointly Use

Rule 91.1

90 General

The following rules cover certain details of construction on jointly used

poles (see Rule 21.8 for definition of joint use of poles). These rules are
additional to those contained in other sections, and the requirements of
such other sections shall be followed in all respects except as modified
herein.

No attempt is made in these rules to deal with the prevention or mitigation

of inductive interference in communication lines resulting from supply lines.

91 Poles, Towers and Structures

91.1 Joint Use

Joint use of poles shall be given consideration by all interested parties

where construction or reconstruction is involved and where used it
shall be subject to the appropriate grade of construction as specified
in Section IV.

Nothing herein shall be construed as requiring utilities to use poles

jointly, or as granting authority for the use of any poles without the
owner’s consent.

Each utility should definitely designate its space requirements on joint

poles, which space shall not be occupied without consent, by
equipment of any other utility.

Non–climbable metal poles in partial underground construction (see

Rules 22.6–D and 22.5) shall not be jointly used.
Note: Revised February 7, 1964 by Decision No. 66707.

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 Rule 91.2

91.2 Strength

Poles used to support circuits of different classification shall have a

strength determined by using the total loading due to all circuits
supported by the pole computed according to Section IV. The grade
for construction for such poles shall be the highest required for any
circuit present or condition existing.

91.3 Stepping

A. Use Of Steps

(1) Poles with Vertical Runs or Risers: All jointly used poles
which support supply conductors shall be provided with pole
steps if vertical runs or risers are attached to the surface of
such poles, unless the conditions described in the following
subparagraphs (a), (b) or (c) are met:

(a) One–Party Poles: Poles which carry circuits operated

and maintained by only one party are not required to be
stepped, provided any vertical runs or risers on the
surface of such poles are covered by a suitable
protective covering (Refer to Rule 54.6–E and Rule
84.6–E) from the ground line to a level not less than 8
ft. above the ground line, or provided that such poles
comply with the conditions of Rule 91.3–A1b.

(b) Communications Runs: Joint poles with vertical

communications runs are not required to be stepped,
provided all of the following conditions are met:

1) The pole has no pole mounted communication

terminals, no risers and no vertical runs (including
ground wires) located within the climbing space, and
not more than three levels of communication line
conductors;
2) The communications levels consist only of drop wire
in line cable construction, span wire supported
cables, and messenger–supported cables;

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 Rule 91.3-B

3) The maximum vertical separation between the

highest and lowest line communications levels is not
more than 30 inches;

4) The vertical runs other than ground wires consist

entirely of drop wire cables for service drops which
extend vertically no more than one foot above and
below the communication line levels.

(c) Supply Runs: Joint poles with supply vertical runs are
not required to be stepped provided all of the following
conditions are met:
1) All supply circuits on the pole are operated and
maintained by only one party.
2) All supply vertical runs other than ground wires are
located entirely above the communication levels.
3) No ground wire runs are located within the climbing
space except those portions which are located above
the communications level.

B. Location of Steps

The lowest step shall not be less than 8 feet from the
ground line, or any easily climbable foreign structure from
which one could reach or step. Above this point steps shall
be placed, with spacing between steps on the same side of
the pole not exceeding 36 inches, at least to that
conductor level above which only circuits operated and
maintained by one party remain. Steps or fixtures for
temporary steps shall be installed as part of a pole
restoration process. Steps shall be so placed that runs or
risers do not interfere with the free use of the steps.

Exception: Steps are not required above the uppermost

Class C circuit where an Antenna is affixed above supply
conductors.

Note: Revised January 2, 1962 by Resolution No. E–1109, October 2, 2008 by Decision No. 0810017, and January 21,
2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

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 Rule 91.4

91.4 Hardware
Riser standoff brackets on supporting structures shall be arranged so
that there is not less than 8 ft between either:
(1) The lowest bracket and the ground line or other easily climbable
surface, or
(2) The two lowest brackets.
Exception: Does not apply when a fence or wall is used as a suitable
barrier. See Rule 61.6 B
For grounded hardware requirements see Rule 54.4–G.
Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25, and January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

91.5 Marking
Each communication cable and conductor as defined by Rules 20.4,
20.6(A), 20.9, 84.1, 87.4(C), and 89.1 that is attached to a joint- use
pole shall be marked as to ownership. The marker shall (1) identify
the owner of the cable and/or conductor; (2) provide a 24 hour
contact number for emergencies or information; (3) be made of
weather and corrosion resistant material; and (4) be clearly visible to
workers who climb the pole or ascend by mechanical means. This
marking requirement applies only to (A) new construction, (B)
reconstruction of facilities, and (C) existing aerial communication
cables and conductors that a technician works on when the technician
ascends the joint-use pole for regular maintenance.
Note: Added January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 1201032

92 Conductors, Cables and Messengers

The following provisions shall apply to conductors and cables on jointly used
poles which support supply conductors.

92.1 Vertical Clearances

On jointly used poles the vertical clearances specified in Table 2, Case
8, Columns D and E; Case 9, Columns C, D, E and F; Case 10,
Columns C and D; and Case 11, Column D, are modified by the
following requirements. These requirements are applicable to the
clearances between communication conductors of the same or of
different ownership, to clearances between communication and
supply conductors, and to clearances between supply conductors of
different ownerships.
Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

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 Rule 92.1-B

A. Between Low–voltage Rack Conductors and Other

Conductors

On jointly used poles, the following minimum vertical clearances

shall apply between 0 - 750 volt supply conductors in rack
construction and other conductors (see Appendix G, Figure 9):

Racks above:

Conductors or cables 15 inches or more from 4 feet

center line of pole
Unguarded cables, messengers or racks 6 feet
attached to pole
Guarded cables, messengers, or racks 4 feet
attached to pole

Unguarded racks below:

All circuits 6 feet

Guarded Racks Below

Circuits of 0 –22,500 volts or communication 6 feet

Note: Revised March 29, 1966 by Decision No. 70489 and August 9, 1966 by Decision No. 71094.

B. Between Cables and Messengers and Other Conductors

Where any cable or messenger (supply or communication) is less

than 15 inches from center line of pole or is attached directly to
the surface of jointly used poles, the following minimum vertical
clearances shall apply between such cable and other conductors or
cables (see Appendix G, Figure 9):

Cables or messengers above:

Conductors, cables or messengers 15 inches or 4 feet

more from center line of pole
Unguarded racks attached to pole 6 feet
Unguarded cables or messengers attached to 4 feet
pole
Guarded cables, messengers or racks attached to4 feet
pole

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May 2018
 Rule 92.1-B

Unguarded grounded cables or messengers below:

All unprotected supply conductors (a) 6 feet

All grounded cables (b) 4 feet

Guarded cables or messengers below:

Unprotected supply conductors of more than 6 feet

750 volts (c)
Unprotected supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts 4 feet
or communication circuits (b)

(a) See Rule 84.6–C for exception applicable to suitably

insulated lateral runs.

(b) This is not intended to apply between

communication cables or messengers and other
communication conductors.

(c) This is not intended to prohibit the attachment of an

unguarded cable or messenger 6 feet or more below
supply circuits of more than 750 volts.

Communication Cables and Messengers:

Between communication cables attached to 1 foot

the surface of the pole

EXCEPTION: The minimum vertical clearance of 12

inches (1 foot) may be reduced to not
less than 1 inch by mutual agreement
between affected owners, for coaxial
cable expansion loops supported on
messenger and located 8 inches or more
from the from center line of pole (see
Rule 38, Table 2, Case 8, Column C).
Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E–3076 and January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030.

IX-8
May 2018
 Rule 92.1-F1

C. Communication Open Wire Conductors

Open wire Class C communication conductors may be attached by

means of hooks, knobs or brackets to one side of poles jointly
used with supply conductors provided all of the clearances in Rule
92.1–B are applied, and any guard arm required is installed above
the top communication conductor in accordance with the
provisions of Rule 87.7–B. Excepted from the provisions of this
Rule 92.1–C is the single communication circuit treated in Rule
92.1–D.

D. Circuits Serving Same Party

Supply conductors of 0 - 750 volts and the conductors of one

paired (parallel, duplex or twisted) or open–wire communication
circuit may be supported on jointly used poles on private property
with a clearance of not less than 5 feet between the conductors of
the two classifications and without guard arm, provided such
circuits are used for service to one (the same) party only and
where open–wire communication conductors are used they shall
be placed on one side of pole only.

E. Communication Service Drop Attachments

Guard arms are not required above communication service drops

from cabled lines where such drops are installed in accordance
with the provisions of Rule 84.8–B2b.

F. Between Conductors, Cables, Messengers and

Miscellaneous Equipment

(1) Unenergized Parts of Energized Equipment:

Communication conductors or 0 - 750 volt supply conductors,
of different ownership, which are either supported 15 inches
or more from center line of pole, or are attached to the
surface of a pole and provided with a guard arm, shall be 48
inches or more below the unenergized parts, cases or
enclosures of the energized apparatus of the other
classification.

Note: Revised November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15.

IX-9
May 2018
 Rule 92.1-F2

(2) Cable Terminals or Metal Boxes: On jointly used poles

metal communication cable terminals, metal boxes or similar
equipment which are less than 8 inches from center line of
pole or are attached to surface of pole shall be placed not
less than 6 feet vertically below or 3 feet above the level of
the nearest unprotected supply conductor.

All parts of such metal terminals, boxes or similar equipment

which are 8 inches or more from center line of pole shall
have vertical clearances from conductors not less than the
clearance specified in Table 2, Col. C, Cases 8 to 13 inclusive.

EXCEPTION: The minimum vertical distance between all

parts of such metal terminals, boxes or similar
equipment which are 8 inches or more from
the center line of pole and are supported by
cable and/or messenger alone can be reduced
to not less than 1 inch by mutual agreement
between the affected owners (see Rule 38,
Table 2, Case 8, Column C).

For clearance between street light drop wires and cables,

other conductors, and metal boxes see Rules 58.5–B3 and
92.1–F5.

For clearances between Antennas and supply or

communication lines see Rule 38, Table 2, Case 21 and Rule
94.4.

Note: Revised January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030 and October 2, 2008 by Decision No. 0810017.

IX-10
May 2018
 Rule 92.1-F4

(3) Drip Loops: The lowest point of the drip loop of the terminal
or end of a vertical run or riser of supply conductors of more
than 750 volts shall be not less than 48 inches above the
nearest communication conductor level below the drip loop.
Where supply conductors are of more than 7,500 volts, this
clearance shall be not less than 60 inches.

The lowest point of the drip loop of supply conductors of 750

volts or less shall be not less than 36 inches above the
nearest communication conductor level below the drip loop
except that the drip loop of such supply conductors may be
less than 36 inches but not less than 12 inches above the
level of police or fire alarm conductors carried as specified in
Rule 92.2.

(4) Transformers or Regulators: Transformers or regulators

of supply systems shall normally be located above
communication equipment. Where it is necessary to locate
transformers or regulators below communication equipment
they shall be placed at least 6 feet vertically below and all
energized parts shall be protected and guarded so as to
afford the least possibility of contact.

Where transformers or regulators are installed on platform

having continuous flooring which extends not less than 1 foot
horizontally outside of the vertical plane of all transformers or
regulator lead and bus wires on the same pole or structure,
cables or other conductors may be installed at a minimum
vertical distance of 12 inches below the transformer or
regulator cases provided such cables or conductors do not
extend laterally beyond the platform (see Figure 92–1).

IX-11
May 2018
 Rule 92.1-F4

1' Min.
1' Min.

Pole 1' Min. Pole

Communication or Supply Cable/Conductor

1' Min.
Pole Pole

1' Min. 1' Min.

Communication or Supply Cable/Conductor 1' Min.

Cables or Conductors Shall not

extend outside of platform if
installed 1' below platform

Transformers or Regulators (Rule 92.1 F4)

Figure 92-1

IX-12
May 2018
 Rule 92.2

(5) Street Lighting Equipment: All parts of street light drop

wires, street lamps, and their supporting fixtures (including
rods, braces and guys) shall be not less than 1 foot above or
2 feet below the level of messengers or conductors supported
by messengers. These vertical clearance requirements shall
not apply to those parts of such street lighting equipment
which are 2 feet or more horizontally from the vertical plane
of messengers, conductors supported by messengers, and
metal boxes.

All parts of street light drop wires, street lamps, and their
supporting fixtures (including rods, braces and guys) shall be
not less than 1 foot radially from all communication
conductors not supported on messengers.

(6) Between Grounded Metal Boxes, hardware and

equipment associated with supply lines and communication
cables and messengers.

See Rules 54.4–G, 87.4–H and Figure 54–4.

Note: Added October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

92.2 Police and Fire Alarm Circuits

Police and fire alarm circuits and governmental agency control circuits
which are carried on crossarms are permitted to occupy a position
between supply circuits of 0 - 750 volts and other Class C
communication circuits provided the police or fire alarm circuits have
a vertical clearance of not less than 2 feet from each of such circuits
and the conductors of such police or fire alarm circuits have a
clearance of not less than 25 inches from center line of pole and have
a weather–resistant covering at least equal to double–braid
weatherproofing. In lieu of conductors with weather–resistant
covering, non–metallic sheathed cable may be used. Where such
cable is supported on a messenger, the messenger shall be
ungrounded throughout its length and shall be sectionalized by means
of insulators placed 6 feet to 9 feet from each attachment to
crossarms. Where a 4 foot neutral space is reserved between supply
and communication circuit levels on joint poles, it is recommended
that police and fire alarm circuits which are installed in accordance
with the foregoing provisions be at a level at the center of such a
neutral space.

IX-13
May 2018
 Rule 92.2

Police and fire alarm circuits which are less than 25 inches from
center line of pole, or are attached to the surface of pole, shall have
vertical clearances from supply conductors not less than those
specified throughout this Order for Class C communication
conductors.

Note: Revised September 18, 1967 by Decision No. 72984.

92.3 Vertical Runs, Risers, Ground Wires and Hardware

Vertical runs, risers, ground wires and hardware of supply lines shall
have a clearance of not less than 1 1/2 inches from similar equipment
of communication lines and from similar equipment of supply lines of
different ownership.

Vertical runs, risers, ground wires and hardware shall be so located

that they do not interfere with the free use of pole steps.

92.4 Grounding

A. General

The following rules cover the grounding or isolating of

communication cable systems, as defined herein. Systems include
cables, messengers, and guys, or a combination of these facilities
at the supply or communication level.

The term “cable” means stranded conductor or a combination of

conductors that includes Fiber Optic Supply Cable, Fiber Optic
Communication Cable, or Non–Dielectric Fiber Optic Cable as
defined in Rule 20.4.

The term “messenger” is defined in Rule 22.3.

The term “guy” is defined in Rule 21.5. The definition of “exposed”

as applied to a guy in Rule 21.5–C shall also apply to cables and
messengers.

IX-14
May 2018
 Rule 92.4-C1d

B. Applicability

The grounding of exposed communication cable systems includes

cables with metallic shields, sheaths, or messenger(s). The
isolating of exposed guys includes both overhead and anchor
guys. Exposed communication cable systems are those that are
subject to power contacts, power induction, or lightning. Cables,
messengers, or guys are subject to power contacts and power
induction if they:

(1) Are attached to the same pole as a supply conductor; or

(2) Cross a supply conductor; or

(3) Are within 8 feet horizontally and any distance vertically of a

supply conductor(s); or

(4) Are attached to the same pole which supports an existing

exposed messenger or guy, even though that pole does not
support supply conductors of more than 250 volts.

C. Material and Size

(1) Grounding Conductors: The grounding conductors of the

communication messenger system shall conform to each of
the following requirements:

(a) The grounding conductor from each ground rod (ground

electrode) to the base of the pole shall not be less than
1 foot below the surface of the ground.

(b) The conductor from each ground rod (ground electrode)

to the base of the pole shall not have less ampacity and
mechanical strength than the grounding conductor from
the base of the pole to the messenger.

(c) The grounding conductor from the ground rod (ground

electrode) to the messenger shall be continuous, unless
suitable electrical compression connections are used.

(d) The grounding conductor shall have a minimum ampacity

equivalent to No. 6 AWG copper.

IX-15
May 2018
 Rule 92.4-C2

(2) Ground Rods (Ground Electrodes): Ground rods on the

communication messenger system(s) shall conform to each of the
following requirements.

(a) Ground rods shall be corrosion–resisting metal rods or

pipes (or equivalent in electrical properties)

(b) Ground rods shall not be less than 5/8–inch in diameter

by 8 feet (total) in length; this may include two (2)
four–foot joined sections.

(c) Ground rods shall be driven into the ground so that one
end of the ground rod is at a minimum depth of 8 feet
below the surface of the ground. The top end of the
ground rod shall not be less than 1 foot below the
surface of the ground.

(d) Pole–butt plates or wrappings shall not be used either in

lieu of the aforesaid ground rods or pipes, or as
electrodes supplementary thereto.

(e) The driven ground rod(s), pipe(s), or equivalent shall be

located 24 inches or more from the surface of the pole.

D. Location of Grounds on Exposed Cables with Metallic

Shields, Sheaths, or Messengers; and on Exposed Guys

(1) Exposed Cables and Messengers: The exposed

communication cables and messengers shall be grounded:

At all deadend poles and at intervals not greater than

every one–quarter of a mile (1320 feet).

(2) Exposed Guys: Communication guys exposed to supply

conductors energized at 22,500 volts or less shall be
insulated. Also, see Rules 86.6, 86.7 and 86.8.

The grounding of exposed cables, messengers, and guys is

in addition to the ground connections at individual services.

IX-16
May 2018
 Rule 94.3

Grounding of exposed messengers near supply electric

substations may be constrained by technical requirements
with cooperation between supply and communication
companies.

Note: Added October 9, 1996 by Resolution SU–40.

93 Climbing Space

Climbing space shall be provided on all jointly used poles which support
conductors and the provisions of Rules 54.7 and 84.7 are directly applicable
to such poles. Climbing space on jointly used poles shall be so correlated
between conductor levels that its position in relation to the pole is not
changed by more than 90 degrees in a vertical distance of less than 8
feet. Climbing space shall be maintained from the ground level.

Note: Revised May 22, 1990 by Resolution No. SU–5.

94 Antennas

94.1 Definition (See Rule 20.0)

94.2 Maintenance and Inspection (See Rules 31.1 and 31.2)

94.3 General Requirements

On joint use poles supporting Class T, C, L or H Circuits (up to 50 kV),

the following shall apply:

A. Antennas shall meet the requirements of Class C equipment,

unless otherwise specified in this rule.

B. All associated elements of the antenna (e.g. associated cables,

messengers) shall meet the requirements of Class C circuits.

C. Support elements (e.g. arms, braces, brackets, hardware) and

pole-top extensions shall conform to the requirements of Section
IV.

Note: Support elements (e.g. arms, braces, brackets, hardware) and pole-top extensions installed above supply lines shall
meet Grade “A” requirements and safety factors specified in Rule 44, Table 4.

IX-17
May 2018
 Rule 94.4

94.4 Clearances

A. Antennas and support elements below supply lines shall maintain a

vertical clearance of 6 feet from Supply Conductors operating at
0 – 50kV. (See Figure 94-1)

B. Antennas and support elements below communication lines shall

maintain a 2 ft. vertical separation from communication conductors
and equipment. (See Figure 94-1)

C. Antennas, associated equipment (e.g. terminations, enclosures)

and support elements installed above supply lines and/or
communication lines of different ownership attached to the same
structure shall maintain the vertical clearances specified in Rule
38, Table 2, Case 21, Columns A - H.

Note: Other vertical clearances between communication equipment and supply lines are specified in Rule 92.1-F(2).

D. Antennas, associated equipment (e.g. terminations, enclosures)

and support elements, installed above supply lines and/or
communication lines of different ownership, shall maintain the
radial clearances from unattached supply and communication lines
specified in Rule 38, Table 2, Case 3.

E. Antennas shall maintain a 2 ft. horizontal clearance from centerline

of pole when affixed between supply and communication lines or
below communication lines. (See Figure 94-1)

F. Horizontal clearances from centerline of the pole for Antennas,

associated equipment and support elements, affixed between
supply lines or at the top of a climbable pole, are not specified, but
must be arranged so that the pole may be climbed safely.

G. Antennas shall have a vertical clearance above ground as specified

in Rule 37, Table 1, Column B, Cases 1 - 6a. (See Figure 94-1)

IX-18
May 2018
 Rule 94.4-G

Un-Protected Riser or Antenna Supporting Element

Vertical Run

Suitable Protected Riser or Run

A
D A

Supply Conductor
750V to 50kV

Antenna

Exposed Associated Cable

Suitable Protected Riser or Run

Supply Conductor D B B
0V to 750V

E
Supporting
E
Elements

Antenna H
H
Antenna
H

Communication Conductor C
Communication Conductor

F
H

Antenna
H

G
Centerline of Pole

Ground Line

Index Reference
A 94.4-C, Table 2, Case 21, Columns E to H
B 94.4-C, Table 2, Case 21, Column D
C 94.4-C, Table 2, Case 21, Column C
D 94.8-B
E 94.4-A
F 94.4-B
G 94.4-G, Table 1 Column B, Cases 1 to 6a
H 94.4-E

IX-19
May 2018
 Rule 94.5

94.5 Marking

A. Antennas shall be marked in accordance with Appendix H,

including Exhibit A, to GO 95.

Note: Revised January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

B. Joint use poles shall be marked with a sign for each antenna
installation as follows:

(1) Identification of the antenna operator

(2) A 24-hour contact number of antenna operator for Emergency

or Information

(3) Unique identifier of the antenna installation.

94.6 Climbing Space

A. Climbing space above supply lines shall be maintained in

accordance with Rule 54.7-A to:
(1) The bottom of the Antenna (including associated support
elements) if affixed less than eight inches from the surface of
the pole at the top of the pole or pole-top extension.
(2) The top of the pole or pole-top extension if the Antenna
(including associated support elements) is affixed more than
eight inches from the surface of the pole or pole-top
extension.
(3) The bottom of the uppermost Antenna (including associated
support elements) if multiple Antennas are present at
different levels above supply lines.

B. Climbing space above communication lines shall be maintained in

accordance with Rule 84.7 to:
(1) The bottom of the Antenna (including associated support
elements) at the top of the pole or pole-top extension when
affixed less than eight inches from the surface of the pole.
(2) The top of the pole or pole-top extension if the Antenna
(including associated support elements) is affixed more than
eight inches from the surface of the pole or pole-top
extension.

IX-20
May 2018
 Rule 94.8-B3

(3) The bottom of the uppermost Antenna (including associated

support elements) if multiple Antennas are present at
different levels.

C. Antennas and all associated attachments shall not impair climbing

space or interfere with fall restraint and fall protection equipment
except as permitted by the application of Rule 54.7 or Rule 84.7.
Note: Examples of attachments that might not interfere with fall
restraint and fall protection equipment include, but are not limited
to, the following:
(1) Surface-mounted equipment that occupies no more than 18
inches of vertical space.
(2) Equipment stood off from the pole to maintain a minimum of
4 inches of clear space between the equipment and the pole.
(3) Appropriately designed and installed surface-mounted risers.
Note: Revised January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

94.7 Stepping (See Rule 91.3)

94.8 Risers and Vertical Runs

A. Risers and vertical runs passing supply lines and/or equipment or

communication lines and/or equipment on nonmetallic structures
(e.g. single wood, concrete, composite, fiberglass poles or multiple
pole configurations) shall be suitably covered throughout their
length; shall occur on a single pole; shall be installed outside the
climbing space; and shall be constructed and maintained in
accordance with Rules 54.6-D 1, 2, 3 and 5.
(1) Associated cable runs extending to an adjacent structure or
building shall be bonded to existing communication cables
and messengers and effectively grounded at the originating
structure (see Rule 83.4). Where communication guard arm
construction exists, the protective covering shall extend
below the arm.

B. The suitable protective covering (see Rule 22.8) for risers and
vertical runs passing supply lines and/or equipment shall extend
no less than (see Figure 94.1):
(1) 3 ft. above lines energized from 0 – 750 Volts.
(2) 6 ft. above lines energized from 750 – 35,000 Volts.
(3) 9 ft. above lines energized from 35,000 – 50,000 Volts.

IX-21
May 2018
 Rule 94.9

C. Risers and vertical runs passing supply lines and/or equipment or

communication lines and/or equipment on metallic structures shall
occur on a single structure, and be installed outside the climbing
space in accordance with Rule 54.6-D 4.
94.9 De-energizing
The de-energizing protocols in Appendix H, Exhibits B and C, of GO 95
shall be followed by antenna owners for routine and emergency
working conditions respectively.
Note: Revised January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

Exceptions:
Antennas utilized by utilities for the sole purpose of operating and
monitoring their supply system are exempt from this rule and shall
only meet the construction and clearance requirements of supply
equipment.
Antennas embedded in or attached to communication cables and
messengers are exempt from this rule and shall only meet the
construction requirements for Class C circuits.
Note: Added August 14, 2007 by Decision No. 0702030 and Revised October 2, 2008 by Decision No. 0810017.

94.11 Pole Overturning Calculation

A pole overturning calculation shall be performed before a pole-top
antenna installation is added to a pole. The calculation shall use a
safety factor of 3.0 for Grade A construction, and 2.0 for Grades B
and C construction, and incorporate loads for the entire pole
structure, including all existing attachments and guys (if any), and
all elements of the planned pole-top antenna installation. After the
installation, the safety factor shall comply with Rule 44.3.
Note: The purpose of this calculation is to ensure that the pole
overturning moment does not exceed the capacity of the soil, rock,
or other material in which the pole is embedded to resist the pole
overturning moment.
Note: Added January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

94.12 Personnel Access Above Supply Lines

Only personnel and contractors who are properly qualified to work
in proximity to supply lines shall have access to, and work on,
wireless facilities installed above supply lines on the same support
structure.
Note: Added January 28, 2016 by Decision No. 16-01-046.

IX-22
May 2018
 Section X
Supply and Communication Lines in Line Crossings or
Conflicts

Rule Page

100. General X-3

101. Poles, Towers and Structures X-3
101.1 Height Adjacent to Crossing X-3
101.2 Spliced or Stub–reinforced Poles X-3
102. Pins and Conductor Fastenings X-3
102.1 Duplex Pin Construction X-3
103. Conductors X-3
103.1 Prevention of Conductor Breakage and Burning of Supports X-3
A. Splices and Taps X-4
(1) Splices in Crossing Spans, Mutual Consent X-4
(2) Splices and Taps in Crossing Spans X-4
B. Supply Conductor Supports X-4
103.2 Overhead Lightning Protection Wires X-5
103.3 Limitation of Span Lengths X-5
103.4 Communication Wires X-5
103.5 Crossing or Colinear Clearances X-5
104. Insulators for Supply Conductors X-6
105. Screens and Cradles X-6

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X-2
May 2018
 Section X
Supply and Communication Lines in Line Crossings or
Conflicts
Rule 103.1

100 General

The following rules cover certain details for the construction of supply and
communication lines in line crossing or conflicts and apply in general to the
line which is at the higher elevation; however, the owner or operator who
last in point of time constructs or erects facilities shall establish the required
clearances. These rules are supplemental to the rules for lines of these
classifications in general and to the construction details for such lines where
alone, which general rules shall be followed in all respects, except as
modified herein.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

101 Poles, Towers and Structures

101.1 Height Adjacent to Crossing

The vertical difference of the conductor level between the crossing

and adjacent poles, towers or structures, shall, at all times, be less
than that which would produce an uplift strain on the pin, insulator
or tie, on the poles, towers or structures, adjacent to the crossing
spans, unless due precaution is taken to prevent the conductor from
becoming detached from the crossarm.

101.2 Spliced or Stub–Reinforced Poles

See 49.1-A(4)
Note: Revised February 5, 2014, by Decision No. 1402015.

102 Pins and Conductor Fastenings

102.1 Duplex Pin Construction

Duplex pin construction is not permitted in crossings or colinear

lines.

103 Conductors

103.1 Prevention of Conductor Breakage and Burning of Supports

X-3
May 2018
 Rule 103.1-A

A. Splices and Taps

(1) Splices in Crossing Spans, Mutual Consent: Splices

shall not be made or permitted in crossing spans where
Grade “A” construction is required unless the mutual
consent of all parties involved in such spans is obtained.
Nothing contained in this Rule 103.1–A1 shall be construed
as requiring that splices be made, or as granting authority
for or permitting the making of splices in such crossing
spans without the consent of all parties owning or operating
overhead lines involved in such crossing spans.

(2) Splices and Taps in Crossing Spans: Splices and taps

shall, as far as practicable, be avoided in crossing spans
where Grade “A” construction is required. If it is
impracticable to avoid such splices, they shall be of such
type and be so made as to have a strength practically equal
to the conductor in which the splice is made. Splices and
taps should not be made in spans adjacent to such crossing
spans if the crossing span is not dead–ended. Splices or
taps in spans adjacent to a Grade “A” crossing span shall, if
practicable, be placed nearer to the crossing support than
the nearest conductor crossed over. This rule is not
intended to prohibit splices or taps on the free ends of
conductors which are dead–ended in the crossing span.

Note: Revised February 3, 1959 by Resolution No. E–1011.

B. Supply Conductor Supports

In installing insulators and conductors precautions shall be taken

to guard against the possibility of arcs or leakage current injuring
conductors or burning any wood parts of the supporting
structure which would render the conductors liable to fall. In
cases where two or more circuits are carried on the same poles
and steel pins with wood crossarms are used, the insulator pins
of different circuits, if bonded, shall be bonded independently of
each other in conformity with Rule 53.4–A3. The conductor used
for bonding shall have a conductivity not less than No. 10 AWG
copper wire.

X-4
May 2018
 Rule 103.5

103.2 Overhead Lightning Protection Wires

Overhead lightning protection wires or cables, if used, shall conform

to the requirements of this Order as to grades of construction,
material, size and strength for conductors of the voltage of the
circuit protected. For overhead ground wires or lightning protection
wires supported on towers or structures, see Rule 61.3–A2.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

103.3 Limitation of Span Lengths

The crossing span shall be made as short as is practicable. In no

case shall the length of the crossing span be greater than the
normal span of the line, and the length of the next adjoining span
shall be no greater than one and one–half times the normal span.

Spans of extraordinary length, made necessary by unusual

conditions of topography shall be considered as exceptions to the
above rule.

103.4 Communication Wires

No paired wire line conductors or single conductor smaller than that

specified in Table 8 for the grade of construction involved shall be
used without supporting messengers, except where the circuits
crossed over are of less than 750 volts. For communication service
drops crossing over supply conductors see Rules 32.2–F and 32.2–
G.

103.5 Crossing or Colinear Clearances

Where supply conductors of 750 - 7,500 volts cross over, or are

above and in conflict, or above and colinear with communication
conductors within 6 feet radially of a pole or structure which
supports the communication conductors, the vertical clearance
specified in Table 2, Case 3, Column E and Case 5, Column C (48”)
shall be increased to not less than 60”.

X-5
May 2018
 Rule 104

104 Insulators for Supply Conductors

Where grounded pins and insulators with grounded bases are used at
crossings with ungrounded construction being used at other parts of the line,
the insulators used on such grounded supports shall have a rating of 25%
greater than the flashover voltage values of the line insulators used on
ungrounded pins, except where these values exceed those specified in Table
12, Rule 55.3 by 50%. As an alternative, the conductors at their points of
attachment, where suspension insulators are used, may be protected by
arcing shields.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

105 Screens and Cradles

The use of screens or cradles for crossing protection is not approved under
these rules.

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May 2018
 Section XI
Supply Lines or Communication Lines Crossing over
Railroads

Rule Page

110. General XI-3

111. Poles, Towers and Structures XI-3
111.1 Location XI-3
111.2 Height Adjacent to Crossing XI-3
111.3 Spliced or Stub–reinforced Poles XI-4
112. Pins and Conductor Fastenings XI-4
112.1 Duplex Pin Construction XI-4
113. Conductors XI-4
113.1 Prevention of Conductor Breakage and Burning of Supports XI-4
A. Splices and Taps XI-4
B. Supply Conductor Supports XI-5
113.2 Overhead Lightning Protection Wires XI-5
113.3 Limitation of Span Length XI-5
113.4 Communication XI-5
113.5 Trolley Contact Wires XI-6
114. Grounded Insulator Pins XI-6
115. Screens and Cradles XI-6

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XI-2
May 2018
 Section XI
Supply Lines or Communication Lines Crossing over
Railroads

Rule 111.2

110 General

The following rules cover certain details for the construction of supply lines
or communication lines crossing over railroads, excluding crossings over
street railways. These rules are supplemental to the rules for lines in
general, and to construction details of various classes of lines where alone,
which general rules shall be followed in all respects except where clearly
inapplicable to railroad crossing construction or where specifically modified
herein.

Wherever a utility wishes to cross railroad tracks with any of its wires at a
location other than a public thoroughfare, or a railroad wishes to cross
beneath the wires of any utility at such a location, the consent of the utility
whose facilities are being crossed must be obtained.

111 Poles, Towers and Structures

111.1 Location

Poles or towers supporting crossing spans shall be located outside

the railroad company’s rights–of–way wherever practicable; shall be
located as far as practicable from inflammable material or structures
and shall be as nearly as practicable in line with the adjoining span
on each side. The crossing span and the next adjoining spans shall
be kept free from trees which might fall into the line.

In all cases the clearances from tracks to the nearest surface of

poles, towers or structures shall conform to those specified in
General Order No. 26–D (see Appendix E).

111.2 Height Adjacent to Crossing

The vertical difference of the conductor level between the crossing

and adjacent poles, towers or structures shall, at all times, be less
than that which would produce an uplift strain on the pin, insulator
or tie, on the poles, towers or structures adjacent to the crossing
span, unless due precaution is taken to prevent the conductor from
becoming detached from the crossarm.

XI-3
May 2018
 Rule 111.3

111.3 Spliced or Stub–Reinforced Poles

See 49.1-A(4)
Note: Revised February 5, 2014, by Decision No. 1402015.

112 Pins And Conductor Fastenings

112.1 Duplex Pin Construction

Duplex pin construction is not permitted at crossings over railroads.

113 Conductors

113.1 Prevention of Conductor Breakage and Burning of Supports

A. Splices and Taps

Splices shall not and taps should not be made in crossing spans
where Grade “A” construction is required or where Grade “B”
construction is required for Class C lines crossing railroads.
Splices and taps should not be made in spans adjacent to such
crossing spans if the crossing span is not deadended. This rule is
not intended to prohibit splices or taps on the free ends of
conductors which are deadended at the crossing span.

The provisions of this rule shall not apply to conductor splices

which are made by any accepted standard method which has
been proved by test before this Commission to develop
practically the full strength of the conductor in which the splice is
made.

XI-4
May 2018
 Rule 113.4

B. Supply Conductor Supports

In installing insulators and conductors, precautions shall be

taken to guard against the possibility of arcs or leakage current
injuring conductors or burning any wood parts of the supporting
structure which would render the conductors liable to fall. In
cases where two or more circuits are carried on the same poles
and steel pins with wood crossarms are used, the insulator pins
of different circuits, if bonded, shall be bonded independently of
each other in conformity with Rule 53.4–A3. The conductor used
for bonding shall have a conductivity not less than No. 10 AWG
copper wire.

113.2 Overhead Lightning Protection Wires

Overhead lightning protection wires or cables, if used, shall conform

to the requirements of this Order as to grades of construction,
material, size and strength, for conductors of the voltage of the
circuit protected. For overhead ground wires or lightning protection
wires or cables supported on towers or structures, see Rule 61.3–
A2.

Note: Revised March 30, 1968 by Decision No. 73813.

113.3 Limitation of Span Length

The crossing span shall be made as short as practicable. In no case

shall the length of the crossing span be greater than the normal
span of the line, and the length of the next adjoining span shall be
no greater than one and one–half times the normal span. Spans of
extraordinary length, made necessary by unusual conditions of
topography, shall be considered as exceptions to the above rule.

113.4 Communication

For crossing spans, the size of conductors not supported on

messengers shall be not less than No. 12 BWG galvanized steel, or
No. 10 AWG hard–drawn copper or copper covered steel, except
that paired wire, of which each wire has an ultimate strength of not
less than 170 pounds, may be used without supporting messenger
in spans which do not exceed 100 feet in Heavy Loading Districts or
150 feet in Light Loading Districts.

XI-5
May 2018
 Rule 113.5

113.5 Trolley Contact Wires

Unless electric railroad systems are protected by interlocking plant

at grade crossings with interurban or other heavy or high speed
railway systems, the trolley contact conductors shall be at the same
elevation above their own tracks throughout the crossing and next
adjoining spans and, in addition thereto, catenary construction shall
be provided where crossing spans exceed 100 feet (see Figure 74-
2). This rule is not intended to apply where pantograph collector or
similar device is used.

114 Grounded Insulator Pins (See Rule 104)

Note: Deleted January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

115 Screens and Cradles

The use of screens or cradles for crossing protection is not approved under
these rules.

XI-6
May 2018
 Appendices

May 2018
 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

May 2018
 Appendix A
Loading Districts

DEL
NORTE Territorial Division
SISKIYOU MODOC of the
State Of California
With Regard To
Loading Districts
TRINITY LASSEN
SHASTA

TEHAMA
Scale Of Miles
PLUMAS
0 10 25 50 100
GLENN BUTTE
SIERRA

COLUSA
Legend

Heavy Loading District

EL DORADO

Light Loading District

SAN
CONTRA JOAQUIN
COSTA

ALAMEDA

SANTA
CLARA

INYO

TULARE
KINGS

SAN LUIS
OBISPO KERN

SANTA SAN BERNARDINO

BARBARA
LOS
VENTURA

ANGELES

RIVERSIDE

SAN DIEGO IMPERIAL

See Rules 43.1 And 43.2

A-1
May 2018
 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

A-2
May 2018
 Appendix B
Mechanical and Loading Data for Conductors

The tables included in Appendix B contain mechanical data for conductors

commonly used in supply and communication lines. The ultimate strengths and
other data for copper, steel and iron wires are those contained in specifications of
the American Society for Testing Materials or are ultimate strengths based upon
such specifications. For other types and kinds of conductors the ultimate strengths
and other data used have been taken from manufacturers’ specifications.

The requirements of Rule 43 were used to calculate the loaded conductor

conditions.

Table No.

17 Copper Wire–Bare–Solid–Characteristics and Loading

18 Copper Wire–Bare–Stranded and Solid–Characteristics and Loading
19 Copper Wire–Stranded and Solid–Double Braid Weather–proof–
Characteristics and Loading
20 Copper Wire–Stranded and Solid–Triple Braid Weather–proof–
Characteristics and Loading
21 Galvanized Steel and Iron Wire–Bare–Solid - Characteristics and
Loading
22 Copper Covered Steel–Strand, Solid and Composite - Characteristics
and Loading
23 Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced–Bare–Characteristics and Loading
24 Mechanical Characteristics of Galvanized Steel Strand

B-1
May 2018
 Table 17 Copper Wire - Bare - Solid - Characteristics and Loading

Characteristics of Conductor Loading Per Linear Foot of Conductor, Pounds

Gauge Ultimate Tensile
Light Loading District Heavy Loading District
Number Strength, Pounds
Horizontal
Area, Medium Vertical Load, Wind
Diameter, Hard Vertical Horizontal
Square Hard Load, of 6 Lbs per
Inch Drawn Load Load, Resultant Resultant
AWG NBS Inch Drawn Conductor Sq. Ft. on
* Conductor Conductor Load Load
** with 1/2” of Conductor
Only Only
Ice with 1/2” of
Ice
- - 0.165 0.02138 1,326 1,078 0.0825 0.1100 0.137 0.4960 0.5825 0.765
- 9 .144 .01629 1,026 832 .0628 .0960 .115 .4632 .5720 .736
- - .134 .01410 894 720 .0544 .0893 .105 .4486 .5670 .723
- 10 .128 .01287 820 662 .0496 .0853 .099 .4401 .5640 .715
9 - .1144 .01028 661 532 .0396 .0763 .086 .4216 .5572 .699
- - .114 .01021 656 528 .0394 .0760 .086 .4212 .5570 .698
- 12 .104 .00850 551 440 .0327 .0693 .077 .4083 .5520 .687
12 - .0808 .00513 337 271 .0198 .0539 .057 .3809 .5404 .661
- 14 .080 .00503 330 265 .0194 .0533 .057 .3800 .5400 .660

*
Minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specification, B 1 - 39.
**
Minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specification, B 2 - 39, plus 1/4 the difference between minimum and maximum.

B-2
May 2018
 Table 18 Copper Wire - Bare - Stranded and Solid - Characteristics and Loading

Characteristics of Conductor Loading Per Linear Foot of Conductor, Pounds

Component Wires Ultimate Tensile
Light Loading District Heavy Loading District
(Strands) Strength, Pounds
Horizontal
Size of
Horizontal Load,
Cable or Area, Vertical
Diameter, Medium Vertical Load, Wind of 6
Wire, Clr. Square Hard Load,
Diameter, Inch Hard Load, Wind of 8 Resultant Lbs per Resultant
Mils or Number Inch Drawn Conductor
Inch Drawn Conductor Lbs per Load Sq. Ft. on Load
AWG * with 1/2”
** Only Sq. Ft. on Conductor
of Ice
Conductor with 1/2”
of Ice
500,000 37 0.1162 0.813 0.3927 22,510 18,726 1.544 0.5420 1.636 2.3604 0.9065 2.528
350,000 19 .1357 .679 .2749 15,590 13,024 1.081 .4523 1.172 1.8141 .8395 1.998
250,000 19 .1147 .574 .1964 11,365 9,366 0.7719 .3827 0.862 1.4397 .7870 1.641
0000 7 .1739 .527 .1662 9,154 7,772 .6533 .3514 .742 1.2919 .7635 1.500
000 7 .1548 .464 .1318 7,366 6,204 .5181 .3093 .604 1.1175 .7320 1.334
00 7 .1379 .414 .1045 5,925 4,952 .4109 .2760 .495 0.9792 .7070 1.208
0 7 .1228 .368 .0829 4,753 3,953 .3258 .2453 .408 .8655 .6840 1.103
1 7 .1093 .328 .0657 3,802 3,154 .2584 .2187 .338 .7733 .6640 1.019
2 7 .0974 .292 .0521 3,042 2,517 .2049 .1947 .283 .6974 .6460 0.950
2 3 .1487 .320 .0521 2,913 2,453 .2029 .2133 .294 .7128 .6600 .971
4 7 .0772 .232 .0328 1,940 1,604 .1289 .1547 .201 .5841 .6160 .849
4 3 .1180 .254 .0328 1,879 1,564 .1276 .1693 .212 .5964 .6270 .865
4 1 - .2043 .03278 1,970 1,642 .1264 .1360 .185 .5641 .6020 .825
6 3 .0935 .201 .0206 1,204 995 .0825 .1340 .157 .5184 .6005 .793
6 1 - .1620 .02062 1,280 1,046 .0795 .1080 .134 .4911 .5810 .759
8 1 - .1285 .01297 826 667 .0500 .0853 .099 .4406 .5640 .716

*
Minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specifications, B 1 - 39.
**
For stranded conductors, 90% minimum ultimate strength of ASTM Specifications, B 2 - 39, plus 1/4 of the difference between maximum and 90% of
minimum ASTM values; for solid conductors, minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specifications, B 2 39, plus 1/4 of the difference between minimum and
maximum.

B-3
May 2018
 Table 19 Copper Wire - Stranded and Solid - Double Braid Weatherproof - Characteristics and Loading

Characteristics of Conductor Loading Per Linear Foot of Conductor, Pounds

Component Wires Ultimate Tensile
Light Loading District Heavy Loading District
(Strands) Strength, Pounds
Horizontal
Size of Area
Diameter Horizontal Load,
Cable or Without Vertical
With Medium Vertical Load, Wind of
Wire, Clr. Covering Hard Load,
Diameter, Covering Hard Load, Wind of Resultant 6 Lbs per Resultant
Mils or Number Square Drawn Conductor
Inch Inches * Drawn Conductor 8 Lbs per Load Sq. Ft. on Load
AWG Inch ** with 1/2”
*** Only Sq. Ft. on Conductor
of Ice
Conductor with 1/2”
of Ice
1,000,00
61 0.1280 1.430 0.7854 45,030 37,210 3.456 0.9534 3.585 4.6561 1.1250 4.812
0
750,000 61 .1109 1.195 .5890 34,090 28,272 2.635 .7967 2.753 3.6890 1.0975 3.849
500,000 37 .1162 1.081 .3927 22,510 18,726 1.765 .7207 1.906 2.7481 1.0405 2.938
350,000 19 .1357 0.867 .2749 15,590 13,024 1.248 .5780 1.375 2.0980 0.9335 2.296
250,000 19 .1147 .740 .1964 11,365 9,366 0.9070 .4934 1.032 1.6780 .8700 1.890
0000 7 .1739 .685 .1662 9,154 7,772 .7450 .4567 0.874 1.4818 .8425 1.704
000 7 .1548 .640 .1318 7,366 6,204 .6040 .4267 .740 1.3128 .8200 1.548
00 7 .1379 .560 .1045 5,925 4,952 .4820 .3734 .610 1.1411 .7800 1.382
0 7 .1228 .546 .0829 4,753 3,953 .3880 .3640 .532 1.0384 .7730 1.294
1 7 .1093 .445 .0657 3,802 3,154 .3030 .2967 .424 0.8906 .7225 1.147
2 7 .0974 .415 .0521 3,042 2,517 .2460 .2767 .370 .8149 .7075 1.079
4 7 .0772 .344 .0328 1,940 1,604 .1550 .2293 .277 .6798 .6720 0.956
4 1 - .337 .03278 1,970 1,642 .1535 .2247 .272 .6739 .6685 .949
6 1 - .290 .0206 1,280 1,046 .1030 .1933 .219 .5942 .6450 .877
8 1 - .246 .01297 826 667 .0680 .1640 .178 .5319 .6230 .819

*
Average outside diameter observed commercially.
**
Minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specifications, B 1 - 39.
***
For stranded conductors, 90% minimum ultimate strength of ASTM Specifications, B 2 - 39, plus 1/4 of the difference between maximum and 90% of
minimum ASTM values; for solid conductors, minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specifications, B 2 39, plus 1/4 of the difference between minimum and
maximum

B-4
May 2018
 Table 20 Copper Wire - Stranded and Solid - Triple Braid Weatherproof - Characteristics and Loading

Characteristics of Conductor Loading Per Linear Foot of Conductor, Pounds

Component Wires Ultimate Tensile
Light Loading District Heavy Loading District
(Strands) Strength, Pounds
Horizontal
Size of Area
Diameter Horizontal Load,
Cable or Without Vertical
With Medium Vertical Load, Wind of
Wire, Clr. Covering Hard Load,
Diameter, Covering Hard Load, Wind of Resultant 6 Lbs per Resultant
Mils or Number Square Drawn Conductor
Inch Inches * Drawn Conductor 8 Lbs per Load Sq. Ft. on Load
AWG Inch ** with ½” of
*** Only Sq. Ft. on Conductor
Ice
Conductor with ½” of
Ice
1,000,000 61 0.1280 1.656 0.7854 45,030 37,210 3.764 1.1041 3.836 5.0146 1.3280 5.188
750,000 61 .1109 1.380 .5890 34,090 28,272 2.822 .9200 2.968 3.9910 1.1900 4.165
500,000 37 .1162 1.250 .3927 22,510 18,726 1.894 .8334 2.069 2.9822 1.1250 3.187
350,000 19 .1357 1.000 .2749 15,590 13,024 1.345 .6667 1.501 2.2777 1.0000 2.488
250,000 19 .1147 .850 .1964 11,365 9,366 0.9850 .5667 1.136 1.8244 0.9250 2.045
0000 7 .1739 .805 .1662 9,154 7,772 .8000 .5367 0.963 1.6114 .9025 1.847
000 7 .1548 .710 .1318 7,366 6,204 .6530 .4734 .807 1.4054 .8550 1.645
00 7 .1379 .660 .1045 5,925 4,952 .5220 .4400 .683 1.2433 .8300 1.495
0 7 .1228 .610 .0829 4,753 3,953 .4240 .4067 .588 1.1142 .8050 1.375
1 7 .1093 .509 .0657 3,802 3,154 .3280 .3394 .472 0.9554 .7545 1.217
2 7 .0974 .488 .0521 3,042 2,517 .2700 .3253 .423 .8843 .7440 1.156
4 7 .0772 .390 .0328 1,940 1,604 .1700 .2600 .311 .7234 .6950 1.003
4 1 - .387 .03278 1,970 1,642 .1665 .2580 .307 .7180 .6935 0.998
6 1 - .347 .0206 1,280 1,046 .1136 .2313 .258 .6403 .6735 .929
8 1 - .294 .1297 826 667 .0760 .1960 .210 .5697 .6470 .862

*
Average outside diameter observed commercially.
**
Minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specifications, B 1 - 39.
***
For stranded conductors, 90% minimum ultimate strength of ASTM Specifications, B 2 - 39, plus ¼ of the difference between maximum and 90% of
minimum ASTM values; for solid conductors, minimum ultimate strengths of ASTM Specifications, B 2 39, plus ¼ of the difference between minimum and
maximum.

B-5
May 2018
 Table 21 Galvanized Steel and Iron Wire - Bare - Solid - Characteristics and Loading

Characteristics of Conductor Loading Per Linear Foot of Conductor, Pounds

Size of
Ultimate Tensile Strength,
Wire Light Loading District Heavy Loading District
Pounds *
BWG
Area, Horizontal
Diameter, Horizontal
Square Vertical Load, Wind of
Inch Load, Wind of Vertical Load,
Inch EBB BB Steel Load, Resultant 6 Lbs per Sq. Resultant
8 Lbs per Sq. Conductor with
Grade Grade Grade Conductor Load Ft. on Load
Ft. on ½” of Ice
Only Conductor with
Conductor
½” of Ice
4 0.238 0.0445 2,028 2,270 2,433 0.1530 .1587 0.220 0.6119 0.6190 0.870
6 .203 .0324 1,475 1,650 1,770 .1120 .1353 .176 .5491 .6015 .814
8 .165 .0214 975 1,090 1,170 .0740 .1100 .133 .4875 .5825 .760
9 .148 .0172 785 880 942 .0600 .09867 .116 .4629 .5740 .737
10 .134 .0141 645 720 774 .0490 .08934 .102 .4432 .5670 .720
11 .120 .0113 515 575 618 .0390 .08000 .089 .4245 .5600 .703
12 .109 .0093 425 475 510 .0320 .07267 .079 .4107 .5545 .690
14 .083 .0054 247 275 297 .0190 .05533 .058 .3815 .5415 .662

*
All ultimate tensile strengths are from ASTM Specification A111–33.

B-6
May 2018
 Table 22 Copper Covered Steel - Strand, Solid and Composite - Characteristics and Loading

Characteristics of Conductor Loading Per Linear Foot of Conductor, Pounds

Ultimate Tensile Strength,
Strands Light Loading District Heavy Loading District
Pounds
High Strength Horizontal
Area of Horizontal Load,
Nom. Actual Vertical
Conductor, Extra High Vertical Load, Wind of
Dia. Diameter, Load,
Size Square Strength Load, Wind of Resultant 6 Lbs per Resultant
Inch # Inch 40% 30% Conductor
AWG Inch 30% Conductor 8 Lbs per Load Sq. Ft. on Load
Cond. Cond. with
Conductor Only Sq. Ft. on Conductor
1/2” of Ice
Conductor with
1/2” of Ice
1/2 7 6 0.486 0.1443 15,330 16,890 20,460 0.5150 0.3240 0.608 1.1281 0.7430 1.351
7/16 7 7 .433 .1145 12,670 13,910 16,890 .4084 .2887 .500 0.9885 .7165 1.221
3/8 7 8 .385 .0908 10,460 11,440 13,890 .3239 .2567 .413 .8742 .6925 1.115
5/16 7 10 .306 .0571 7,121 7,758 9,196 .2037 .2040 .288 .7049 .6530 0.961
3 6 .349 .0618 6,204 6,835 8,281 .2203 .2327 .320 .7482 .6745 1.007
3 8 .277 .0389 4,232 4,629 5,621 .1385 .1847 .231 .6216 .6385 0.891
3 9 .247 .0308 3,488 3,802 4,565 .1099 .1647 .198 .5744 .6235 .848
3 10 .220 .0245 2,882 3,140 3,722 .08713 .1467 .171 .5348 .6100 .811
1 6 .1620 .0206 2,433 2,680 3,247 .07285 .1080 .130 .4844 .5810 .756
1 8 .1285 .0130 1,660 1,815 2,204 .04581 .08567 .097 .4366 .5642 .713
1 9 .1144 .0103 1,368 1,491 - .03633 .07627 .084 .4183 .5572 .697
1 10 .1019 .00816 1,330 1,231 - .02881 .06794 .074 .4013 .5510 .683
1 12 .08081 .00513 711 800 - .01812 .05388 .057 .3792 .5404 .660
3 * .366 .0680 - - 5,876 .2568 .2440 .354 .7953 .6830 1.048
3 ** .290 .0428 - - 3,938 .1615 .1933 .252 .6527 .6450 0.918
3 *** .230 .0269 - - 2,585 .1016 .1533 .184 .5555 .6150 .829

Notes: Items marked with asterisks are composite conductors of 1 copper covered steel and 2 hard drawn copper wires. Copper conductance
equivalents:
* = #2 AWG,
** = #4 AWG,
*** = #6 AWG.

B-7
May 2018
 Table 23 Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced - Bare - Characteristics and Loading

Characteristics of Conductor Loading Per Linear Foot of Conductor, Pounds

Number of
Light Loading District Heavy Loading District
Strands
Horizontal
Copper
A.C.S.R. Ultimate Load, Wind
Equiv. Area, Horizontal Vertical
Size, Cir Diameter, Tensile Vertical of
Cond. Size, Square Load, Wind of Load,
Mils or Inches Strength, Load, Resultant 6 Lbs per Resultant
Cir Mils or Al Stl Inches 8 Lbs per Sq. Conductor
AWG Pounds Conductor Load Sq. Ft. on Load
AWG Ft. on with
Only Conductor
Conductor 1/2” of Ice
with
1/2” of Ice
795,000 500,000 30 19 1.140 0.7668 38,400 1.234 0.7600 1.449 2.2538 1.0700 2.495
795,000 500,000 26 7 1.108 .7261 31,200 1.093 .7387 1.319 2.0928 1.0540 2.343
795,000 500,000 54 7 1.093 .7053 28,500 1.023 .7287 1.256 2.0135 1.0465 2.269
397,500 250,000 30 7 0.806 .3850 19,980 0.6206 .5374 0.821 1.4327 0.9030 1.694
397,500 250,000 26 7 .783 .3630 16,190 .5464 .5220 .756 1.3442 .8915 1.613
266,800 000 26 7 .642 .2436 11,250 .3668 .4280 .564 1.0769 .8210 1.354
0000 00 6 1 .563 .1939 8,420 .2921 .3754 .476 0.9531 .7815 1.232
000 0 6 1 .502 .1538 6,675 .2316 .3347 .407 .8546 .7510 1.138
00 1 6 1 .447 .1219 5,345 .1837 .2980 .350 .7725 .7235 1.058
0 2 6 1 .398 .0967 4,280 .1456 .2653 .303 .7040 .6990 0.992
2 4 7 1 .325 .0653 3,525 .1072 .2167 .242 .6202 .6625 .907
2 4 6 1 .316 .0608 2,790 .0916 .2107 .230 .5990 .6580 .890
4 6 7 1 .257 .0411 2,288 .0674 .1713 .184 .5381 .6285 .827
4 6 6 1 .250 .0383 1,830 .0576 .1667 .176 .5240 .6250 .816
6 8 6 1 .198 .0240 1,170 .0362 .1320 .137 .4702 .5990 .762

*
All data “Characteristics on Conductor” from manufacturer specifications.

B-8
May 2018
 Table 24 Mechanical Characteristics of Galvanized Steel Strand

Weight per Ultimate Tensile Strength, Pounds

Diameter,
1,000 Feet
Inch Siemens– High Extra High
in Pounds Common
(Nominal) Martin Strength Strength
(Approx.)
3/8 813 11,600 19,100 29,600 42,400
9/16 671 9,600 15,700 24,500 35,000
1/2 517 7,400 12,100 18,800 26,900
7/16 399 5,700 9,350 14,500 20,800
3/8 273 4,250 6,950 10,800 15,400
5/16 205 3,200 5,350 8,000 11,200
9/32 164 2,570 4,250 6,400 8,950
1/4 121 1,900 3,150 4,750 6,650
3/16 73 1,150 1,900 2,850 3,990

Note: All data from ASTM Specification A123-33 for seven strand cable.

B-9
May 2018
 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

B-10
May 2018
 Appendix C
Conductor Sags

(a) Basis of Sag Curves for Supply Conductors

Data are presented in Appendix C in the form of curves in Charts numbers 1 to 9
inclusive, showing conductor sags which produce tensions that do not exceed either
35% of ultimate strength of the conductor at 60° F. and no wind, or 50% of
ultimate strength (safety factor of 2) of the conductor under the maximum loading
conditions specified for Light or Heavy Loadings in Rule 43. These sags are
considered particularly applicable to the stringing of new wire (i.e., they should be
considered initial sags for conductors which have not been prestressed) and are not
recommended in the case of used or so–called prestressed wire.
The curves of the sag charts were drawn from computations made under the
following conditions:

1. Sag curves in the Light Loading charts are based on 35% of conductor
ultimate tensions at 60° F. and no wind.
2. Sag curves in the Heavy Loading charts show sags which will obtain at 60° F.
and no wind, in conductors which are so strung that under heavy loading
conditions the conductor tension will be one–half of the ultimate tension.
3. The sag curves for weatherproof wire are for conductors having a triple–
braid–weatherproof covering.
4. Conductor dimensions, weights and loadings were taken from the tables in
Appendix B.
5. Modulus of Elasticity–lbs. per square inch
Copper 17,000,000
Steel and iron, solid 29,000,000
Steel, stranded 21,000,000
Copper–covered steel, solid 24,000,000
Copper–covered steel, stranded 23,000,000
6. Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion – per degree F.
Copper 0.0000094
Steel and iron 0.0000065
Copper–covered steel 0.0000072
(b) Communication Conductor Sags
The safety factors of Rule 44 and the conductor sizes of Rule 49.4 are the minimum
requirements applicable to communication conductors. Conductors will meet the
minimum requirements of these rules for Grade “C” construction.

May 2018 C-1

(c) Sags for unequal Spans, Level Supports and Normal Conditions
When a crossing span and its adjoining spans are of different lengths it is not
possible to string the conductors so as to make both the normal tension and the
loaded tension balance in the several spans. This condition should be met by
selecting a sag for the longest span not less than that shown in the accompanying
curves, pages C–6 to C–11, inclusive.
The sags for the other spans should then be determined as follows: For each span
multiply the sag for the longest span by the square of the ratio of the length of the
span under consideration to that of the longest span. The total normal tension in
each of the spans will then balance and the total tension under loaded conditions
will be slightly less in the short spans than in the longest span.

Example

Assume -

A crossing span length of 250 feet-Heavy Loading District. Adjoining spans of

300 feet and 200 feet, respectively. Conductors No. 0 AWG copper, medium–
hard– drawn, stranded, bare. Sag from curve on page C–9, for a 300–foot
span is 5.30 feet.

Making the sags in the other spans proportional to the squares of their length, the
sag in the 250 foot span will be,

2502
x 5.30=3.68 Feet
3002

The sag in the 200–foot span will be,

2002
x 5.30=2.36 Feet
3002

(d) Sag Correction for Temperature

The curves, on page C–12, cover the correction of sags for stringing temperatures
other than that for which the sag curves were calculated. These figures cover the
normal range of stringing conditions for temperatures at time of stringing, varying
between 0 degrees F. and 130 degrees F. and for spans of from 100 feet to 1,000
feet, inclusive, in 100–foot steps, with the exception that the 150–foot span has
also been included. They represent average values for each degree F. difference
between actual stringing temperature and the temperature for which the curves
were calculated, that is 60 degrees F. The corrections for temperatures greater
than 60 degrees F. are to be added to the normal sags while the corrections for
temperatures less than 60 degrees F. are to be subtracted. The correction for a

May 2018 C-2

 given difference of temperature from the base value is considered the same
whether the stringing temperature is greater or less than the base value.

The use of these corrections may be illustrated by assuming a specific case:

Example

Assume -

A span of 300 feet - Heavy Loading District. Conductors No. 0 AWG copper,
medium–hard–drawn, stranded, bare.

Stringing temperature 80 degrees F.

Minimum normal sag, page C–9, is 5.30 feet.

Difference between stringing temperature and normal temperature is 20

degrees F.

The ratio for sag divided by span is 0.0177. From the curve on page C–12, the
correction per degree F. for this ratio for a span of 300 feet is 0.024 feet.

The total correction for 20 degrees F. difference is,

20 x 0.024 = 0.48 feet

Then the corrected sag is 5.30 + 0.48 equals 5.78 feet.

If some other span than those covered by specific curves is used, the correction
may be obtained by interpolation between curves.

(e) Sags for Supports at Different Elevations

The sag curves have been based on the supports being at the same elevation. The
curve on page C–13 covers the correction of the sag to care for the difference of
elevation of supports.

The use of this correction may best be illustrated by taking a concrete case:

Example

Assume - A span of 300 feet - Heavy Loading District.

A difference in level of supports of 5 feet.

Conductors No. 0 AWG copper, medium–hard–drawn, stranded bare.

May 2018 C-3

 The curve, page C–9, requires a sag of 5.30 feet.

The ratio of difference in level of supports divided by the sag is 5.0 divided by 5.30
which equals 0.94 and is the ratio marked h/S on curve, page C–13. The multiplier
C for this ratio is 0.58. Therefore the sag below the lower point of support is,

0.58 x 5.30 = 3.07 feet

If the sag is to be measured from the higher support, the sag below the lower
support may be obtained as above and the difference in elevation of supports
added thereto, which gives the sag below the higher support as 3.07 + 5.00 which
equals 8.07 feet. The difference of levels may be such that the resultant pull is
upward at the lower support; that is, the lowest point in the span is at the support.
To cover this condition, and also as an alternative method of solving cases like that
just considered, use may be made of the following approximate rule which is
sufficiently accurate for all ordinary situations “The apparent sag, or the vertical
distance between a straight line joining supports and the tangent to the span,
parallel thereto, equals the sag for a normal span of the same length.”

(f) Determination of Amount of Sag for Various Points in a Span

The sag curves on pages C–6 to C–11, inclusive, show for wires of different sizes
and materials the value of the center sag at which these wires should be strung
under normal conditions to have the assumed factors of safety under the
designated load conditions. At times it is desirable to know, not only the amount of
sag at the center of the span, but also the amount of sag at some other point in the
span.

This is necessary, for example, in obtaining the clearance over other wires where
the point of crossing between the crossing span and the wires crossed occurs, not
at the center of the crossing span, but at some other point.

On page C–14 a curve is given by means of which, given the amount of center sag,
the amount of the sag at any other point in the span can be determined. This curve
gives the value of the sag at all points on the catenary curve expressed in per cent
of the center sag. The use of this curve is shown by the following example:

Example
Assume - A span of 300 feet-Heavy Loading District.
A center sag, determined from the sag curves, of 5.30 feet. The crossing
span crosses over a Class C line, on which the top wire at the point of this
crossing has an elevation of 25 feet.
This point of crossing to be 105 feet from the nearest support of the crossing
conductor, and a minimum vertical clearance of 6 feet is required at the
point of crossing.

May 2018 C-4

 Required-At what height must the crossing conductor be supported in order
that this required vertical clearance shall be obtained?

As the span length is 300 feet, and the distance from the nearest support to the
point of crossing is 105 feet, this distance is 35% of the span length. From the
curve, page C–14, the value of the sag at this point is 91 per cent of the center sag.
The sag at this point, therefore, equals 5.30 x 0.91 = 4.82 feet.

Therefore, the required elevation of the crossing conductor at its point of support is
equal to the height of the Class C wires crossed (25 feet), plus the minimum
vertical clearance required (6 feet), plus the sag of the conductor at the point of
crossing (4.82 feet), or

25 feet + 6 feet + 4.82 feet = 35.82 feet

(g) Charts of Conductor Sag Curves

The following list includes charts of sags of various sizes and kinds of copper
conductors, adjustment curves for temperature changes, sag adjustment curve for
supports at different elevations, and a table of sags for communication conductors
in Grade “F” construction:

Chart Description Page

1 Conductor Sags, Light Loading, Bare Copper, Hard Drawn and C–6
Medium Hard Drawn
2 Conductor Sags, Light Loading, Weatherproof Copper Hard Drawn C–7
and Medium Hard Drawn
3 Conductor Sags, Heavy Loading, Bare Copper, Hard Drawn C–8
4 Conductor Sags, Heavy Loading, Bare Copper, Medium Hard Drawn C–9
5 Conductor Sags, Heavy Loading, Weatherproof Copper, Hard C–10
Drawn
6 Conductor Sags, Heavy Loading, Weatherproof Copper, Medium C–11
Hard Drawn
7 Sag Correction for Temperature - Copper C–12
8 Sag Correction Factor - Supports at Different Elevations C–13
9 Catenary Curve Ordinates C–14

May 2018 C-5

 Chart No. 1 Light Loading
Sags at 60° F and No Wind
Bare Copper-Hard Drawn and Medium Hard Drawn
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1000 1000
1000

900
900
800
700

900
600

500

400

300

200

100

800 800
700 700

600 600

500 500

400 400

300 300
Hard Drawn Medium Hard
0000 STR Drawn
2 STR 2 STRSTR
0000
4 SOL 4 SOL
8 SOL 8 SOL

200 200

100 100
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

C-6
May 2018
 Chart No. 2 Light Loading

Sags at 60°F and No Wind

Weatherproof Copper-Hard Drawn and Medium Hard Drawn

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1000 1000

1000

900
900
800
700

900
600

500

400

300

200

100

800 800
700 700

600 600

500 500

400 400

300 Hard Drawn Medium Hard Drawn 300

4 SOL 4 SOL
2 TO 0000 STR. 2 TO 0000 STR.
8 SOL 8 SOL

200 200

100 100
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

C-7
May 2018
 Chart No. 3 Heavy Loading
Sags at 60°F and No Wind
Bare Copper - Hard Drawn
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1000 1000

1000 1000

900 900
800 800
700 700

900 900
600 600

500 500

400 400

300 300

200 200

100 100

0000 STR
800 00 STR 800

700 700
0 STR
600 600

2 STR
500 500

4 SOL
400 400

8 SOL
300 300

200 200

100 100
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

C-8
May 2018
 Chart No. 4 Heavy Loading
Sags at 60°F and No Wind
Bare Copper - Medium Hard Drawn
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1000 1000
1000

900
800
700
1000

900
800
700

0000 STR
900 900
600 600

500 500

400 400

300 300

200 200

100 100

800 800
00 STR
700 700
2 STR
0 STR
600 600

500 4 SOL 500

400 400

6 SOL
300 300

200 200

100 100
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

C-9
May 2018
 Chart No. 5 Heavy Loading
Sags at 60°F and No Wind
Weatherproof Copper - Hard Drawn

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1000 1000

0000 STR
900 900
800 800
700 00 STR 700

600 600
2 STR
0 STR
500 500

400 400

4 SOL

300 300
6 SOL

8 SOL
200 200

100 100
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

C-10
May 2018
 Chart No. 6 Heavy Loading
Sags at 60°F and No Wind
Weatherproof Copper - Medium Hard Drawn

0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
1000 1000
1000 1000

0000 STR
900 900
800 800
700 700

900 900
600 600

500 500

400 400

300 300

200 200

100 100

800 800
00 STR
700 700
0 STR
600 600
2 STR
500 500

400 400

4 SOL

300 300

6 SOL

8 SOL
200 200

100 100
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

C-11
May 2018
 Chart No. 7 Conductor Sags
Sag Correction for Temperature * Copper

Average Sag Correction For Stringing Temperatures Other Than 60°F

Required The sag at some other temperature than 60°F. For a Given Span and wire =St
Assumed The sag for a given span and wire at 60°F = S
Difference in Temperature Between Stringing Temperature and 60°F. = T
Then St = S ± FT
Example Span = 300 Feet, Sag at 60°F = 4.90 Feet
Sag
= 0.0163 , strining Temperatur e = 80 F or 40 F
Span
Span Difference in temperature = T = 20°
0070 Correction Per Degree for the Ratio Sag 0070
Span
0065 Of 0.0163 for temperature above or below 60°F = 0.024 Per 1°F., or total 0065
correction = 20 x 0.024 = 0.48 Feet
0060 Corrected Sag for 80°F. Stringing temperature is 4.90 + 0.48 = 5.38 Feet corrected 0060
sag for 40°F. Stringing temperature is 4.90 – 0.48 = 4.42 Feet
0050 0050

0045 0045

0040 0040

0035 0035

0030 0030

0025 0025

0020 0020

0015 0015

0010 0010

0005 0005

0 0
0 0005 0010 0015 0020 0025 0030 0035 0040 0045 0050 0055 0060 0065 0070 0075
SAG
Values of
SPAN

C-12
May 2018
 Chart No. 8
Conductor Sags
Sag Correction Factor - Supports at Different Elevations

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0

1.0 1.0
Factor to determine sag below lower support when length of span and difference
in height of supports are known. From A.I.E.E. Proceedings –
Pender – July 1911.
0.9 0.9
Required The sag below the lower support = So
Assumed The sag for the given span of level supports = S
Difference in heights of supports = h
0.8 0.8
2
 h 
Factor = C = 1 - 
 4S 
0.7 Then So= S x C 0.7

Example:- Sag for a given span and wire on level supports = S = 4.90 Feet
0.6 Difference in heights of supports = h = 5 feet 0.6
h 5
Then, = = 1.02
s 4.90
h
0.5 From Curve when = 1.02 C = .55 0.5
s

Then, Sag Below Lower Support, So = C x S =

0.4 0.55 x 4.90 = 2.70 feet 0.4

0.3 0.3

0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0

h
Values of
s

C-13
May 2018
 Chart No. 9
Conductor Sags

Catenary Curve Ordinates

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 0

Catenary Curve Ordinates

10 Catenary Curve Ordinates 10
The curve gives approximate values of the sag
The
at allcurve
pointsgives approximate
on the catenary values
curve of sag
20 expressedat all
inpoints on of
percent thethe
catenary
centercurve
sag. 20
The error in negligible
expressed for all spans
in percent of the in which
center sag.the
center sag is less than 10% of the span length.
The error is negligible for all spans in which the
30 center sag is less than 10% of the span length. 30

40 40

50 50

60 60

70 70

80 80

90 90

100 100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent of Span Length

C-14
May 2018
 Table 25 deleted February 5, 2014 by Decision Number 14-02-015

C-15
May 2018
 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

C-16
May 2018
 Appendix D
Typical Communication Line Construction
For a communication line carrying from approximately 6 to 20 conductors in a Light
Loading area, the following specifications adequately meet all intents and
requirements of this order:

Poles
Round, wood, butt–treated, 25 feet in length, minimum top circumference
of 15 inches, and set to a depth of 4.5 feet in firm soil.

Crossarms
3–1/4 x 4–1/4 x 10’. Attached by means of through bolts and washers,
with a 15 inches center line of pole clearance to nearest conductors.
Standard 30 inches quarter braces installed on the face of the crossarm
with 3/8 inch bolts and 1/2 inch drive screw at the pole.

Pins
1–¼’’ x 8’’ wood pins.

Insulators
Pin type insulators to be of design that will engage the thread of the pin
for not less than two and one–half turns.

Conductors
Size and material dependent upon the class of circuit involved. The
average span length is 150 feet.

Guys
For guying at angles or dead ends, it is recommended that a “Lead over
Height” (ratio of the horizontal distance from the face of the pole to the
point of entrance of anchor rod in the ground to the vertical height above
the ground of the attachment of said guy wire to the pole) of 1 be used. At
angles in the line where the pull of the line exceeds 4 feet, i.e., the angle
of departure exceeds 5 degrees, a guy strand having a strength of
l900 lbs (1/4 inch or greater) shall be used with the necessary pole shims,
hook bolts, etc. (see Appendix G, Figure 86).

Hardware
All line hardware to be galvanized or of other corrosion resisting material.

D-1
May 2018
 Tables 26 and 27 deleted January 13, 2005 by Decision No. 0501030

D-2
May 2018
 Appendix E
Clearance of Poles, Towers and Structures from Railroad
Tracks

Where poles, towers or other line structures are set in proximity to railroad tracks,
the minimum side clearance from the face of a pole, tower or structure to the
center line of the tangent railroad track shall be 8 feet 6 inches.

This side clearance may be decreased or shall be increased in accordance with this
Commission’s General Order 26–D, Sections 3.7, 3.16, 3.20, 8.1, 9.2, 9.3 and 9.4.
For tracks used exclusively for Light–rail Transit operations, the side clearances
may be further decreased in accordance with this Commission’s General Order
143A, Section 9.06.

Clearance requirements above railroads are shown in General Order No. 95, in
Rules 37, Table 1, 54.4–B, 56.4–B, 57.4–B, 58.5–B2, 74.4–B, 77.4–A, 84.4–B.
86.4–B, 87.4–B and 113.5.

Note: Revised January 19, 1994 by Resolution SU–25.

E-1
May 2018
 Appendix E
Guidelines to Rule 35

The following are guidelines to Rule 35.

The radial clearances shown below are recommended minimum clearances that
should be established, at time of trimming, between the vegetation and the
energized conductors and associated live parts where practicable. Reasonable
vegetation management practices may make it advantageous for the purposes of
public safety or service reliability to obtain greater clearances than those listed
below to ensure compliance until the next scheduled maintenance. Each utility may
determine and apply additional appropriate clearances beyond clearances listed
below, which take into consideration various factors, including: line operating
voltage, length of span, line sag, planned maintenance cycles, location of
vegetation within the span, species type, experience with particular species,
vegetation growth rate and characteristics, vegetation management standards and
best practices, local climate, elevation, fire risk, and vegetation trimming
requirements that are applicable to State Responsibility Area lands pursuant to
Public Resource Code Sections 4102 and 4293.

Case 13 Case 14
Voltage of Lines of of
Table 1 Table 1
Radial clearances for any conductor of a line operating at
4 feet 12 feet
2,400 or more volts, but less than 72,000 volts

Radial clearances for any conductor of a line operating at 6 feet 20 feet

72,000 or more volts, but less than 110,000 volts

Radial clearances for any conductor of a line operating at 10 feet 30 feet

110,000 or more volts, but less than 300,000 volts

Radial clearances for any conductor of a line operating at 15 feet 30 feet

300,000 or more volts

Note: Added November 6, 1992 by Resolution SU–15. Revised September 20, 1996 by Decision No. 96–09–097, August
20, 2009 by Decision No. 09-08-029, January 12, 2012 by Decision No. 12-01-032, and December 14, 2017, by
Decision D. 17-12-024.

E-2
May 2018
 Appendix F
Typical Problems
The application of line construction requirements specified in this Order is
exemplified in the following:

Part 1. Crossing Problem–A Class H and a Class C circuit Crossing over a

major railroad, major Class C circuits and a highway.

Part 2. Dead End Problem–H and Class L circuits at a dead end.

Part 3. Angle Pole Problem–Guying a pole supporting Class H and Class L

circuits at angles in lines.
The problems are computed on the assumptions of light loading conditions, with
Grade “A” construction used for the power circuits and Grade “F” construction
used for the communication circuits except in the crossing spans where Grade “B”
is required. The construction details specified in these Typical Problems are made
to conform to current good practice.
Part I

Crossing Problem

A diagram including dimensions is shown on page F–18. The data chosen for the
crossing follow:

Data of Crossing

Circuits
Two 3–phase 60,000 Volt power circuits. One metallic private Class “C” telephone
circuit

Configuration
Power conductors of each circuit are in vertical planes on opposite ends of the
crossarm. Private telephone circuit is in a horizontal plane.

Conductors
Power circuits are six No. 00 AWG, bare, stranded, hard–drawn copper. Private
telephone circuit is two No. 8 AWG, bare, solid, hard–drawn copper, except in the
crossing span where it is two No. 6 AWG, bare, solid, hardrawn copper.

Insulators
Porcelain, pin type, meeting the requirements of Rule 49.5–A.

F-1
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

Ties
Annealed copper wire to comply with Rules 49.3–B and 49.3–C.

Pins
Power circuits–wrought iron pipe (extra strong), 1–1/2” x 18–1/2”, to comply with
Rules 49.3–B and 49.3C. Assumed bonded in accordance with the requirements of
Rule 53.4.
Communication circuit - 1–1/2” x 9” locust
Crossarms
Power circuits–Douglas fir (dense), 4–3/4” x 5–3/4” x 12’, 1.9” pin holes, 11/16”
hole for through bolt.
Communication circuit–Douglas fir (dense), 3–1/4” x 4–1/4” x 42”, l–l/2” pin
holes, 11/16” hole for through bolt.
Crossarm Braces
Meeting the requirements of Rule 49.2–C.
Poles
Western red cedar, round, butt treated
Span Length
Crossing span, 200 feet.
Adjacent spans, 150 feet

Construction Requirements

1. Conductor Sags and Tensions

The conductors are assumed to be strung so that at normal conditions of 60°F
and no wind the tension will be 35% of the ultimate tension of the conductors.
From Chart No. 1, Page C–6, it will be seen that under these conditions the No. 00
AWG conductor, for a 200 foot span, will have a sag of 1.0 foot (0.99 when
calculated), and the No. 6 AWG conductor will have a sag of 0.90 foot (0.89 when
calculated). These sags may be calculated by means of the following
approximation formula:

wd2
Sag=
8T

F-2
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

Where w = conductor loading, pounds per lineal foot

d = span length, feet
T = assumed allowable conductor tensions at 60_F and no wind
For No. 00 AWG conductor
0.4109 x 2002
Sag= = 0.99 Foot
8 x 2074
For No 6 AWG conductor
0.0795 x 2002
Sag= = 0.89 Foot
8 x 448
Maximum conductor load to be met with a safety factor of not less than 2 as
specified in Rule 44.1 will occur at the conditions of 25°F and an 8 pound wind
(Rule 43.2). Conductors which have been strung at the normal conditions stated
above (60°F, no wind, and 35% ultimate tension) will have sags and tensions at
the maximum loading conditions of 25°F and an 8 pound wind as indicated below.
Maximum conductor sags will occur at the condition of maximum temperature,
130°F and also are shown in the following tabulation:

#00 AWG #6 AWG

Sag Tensio Sag Tensio
(Feet n (Feet n
) (Poun ) (Poun
ds) ds)
Ultimate Conductor - 5,925 - 1,280
Tension (See
Appendix B, Table
18)
35% Ultimate at 2,074 448
60°F, No Wind 0.99 0.89
25°F, 8 Lb Wind 2,605 570
0.95 1.18
130°F, No Wind 1,157 256
1.78 1.55

From the foregoing it will be seen that by stringing the conductors to 35% of
ultimate tension at 60°F and no wind, the safety factor of the conductors at
maximum loading (25°F, 8 lb wind) is somewhat greater than the minimum of 2
required by Rule 44.1

Lesser sags than those shown above may be used, provided conductor tension, at
maximum loading condition specified in Rule 43, does not exceed 50% of the
ultimate tension of the conductor. The rules, of course, do not prevent the use of
greater sags than are calculated above.

F-3
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

2. Conductor Clearance from Center Line of Pole

Minimum clearances specified in Table 1, Case 8 and Rule 54.4–D2 and the
clearances assumed for the purposed of this problem are as follows:

Minimum Used
60,000 Volt circuits 21.5” 5’ 6”
Communications circuit 15” 18”

3. Conductor Separation
Table 2, Case 12, Column H modified by Rule 54.4–Clc, permits a vertical
separation of not less than 36 inches between the conductors of a 60,000 Volt
circuit in vertical configuration. For this problem a separation of 5’6” is used.
The minimum separation between the level of the lowest supply conductor and
the communication circuit is 72 inches (Table 2, Case 8, Column H). For the
problem, a separation of 96 inches between crossarm centers is used.

4. Clearances of Conductors Above Crossarms

The minimum clearance of a 60,000–volt conductor from the surface of a
crossarm is required (by Table 1, Case 9, Column F) to be at least 1/4 of the pin
spacing specified in Table 2, Case 15, Column H, which would be a minimum
clearance of 9 inches. For this problem, an 18–1/2 inch pin is used which, with its
insulator, places the conductor 14 inches above the crossarm.

5. Conductor Clearances Above Highway, Pole Lines and Railroad Tracks

The poles supporting the crossing span are 55 feet in length, set 7 feet (Rule
49.1C) in the ground. From dimensions of the pole framing diagram the distance
of the private telephone circuit above ground is 28’ 4”. For this problem, a
common elevation has been assumed for the ground line, the railroad tracks and
the highway.
The sag of the communication conductors in the crossing span is approximately
11 inches at 60°F and 19 inches at 130° F. Since the allowable variation of 5% for
temperature, applied to the ground clearance of 27’ 5” (28’ 4” - 11”), is 1’ 4”,
which is greater than the difference between the sags at 60°F (11”) and at 130°F
(19”), the clearances may be determined at 60°F for all conditions. In the
diagram, Page F–18, the distances from supporting pole C to the various objects
crossed over by the conductors are as follows:

Telephone pole line 37’ 6”

Highway (center) 60’ 0”
Telegraph pole line on RR r/w 97’ 6”
Railroad Tracks (center) 138’ 9”
Railroad Signal pole line 180’ 0”

F-4
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

The total length of crossing span is 200 feet. Therefore, the clearance at 60°F of
the private communications circuit above the telephone lead at point of crossing is
obtained as follows:

Clearance point distance from Pole C is 37’ 6”.

At 37’ 6”, or 18.8% of the span, the sag is equivalent to 61% of the center sag
(see Chart No. 9 on Page C–14), or 0.61 x 11 = 7” sag.

Therefore, the clearance equals:

28’ 4” - (7” + 24’) = 3’ 9” clearance.

The minimum required clearance as given in Table 2, Case 3, Column C is 2 feet.

In a like manner the clearances, at 60°F, of the private communication circuit
conductors at the other points of crossing are as follows:

Points of crossing Clearances Minimum

by Rule
Highway (center) 27’ 7” 18’ 0”
Telegraph pole line 3’ 5” 2’ 0”
Railroad Tracks (center) 27’ 7” 25’ 0”
Railroad Signal pole line 6’ 0” 2’ 0”

6. Insulators

In addition to the electrical requirements set forth in Rules 55 and 104, the
insulators supporting the supply and communication conductors shall have safety
factors (mechanical) of 3 and 2, respectively.

7. Pins, Ties and Conductor Fastenings

Ties used in connection with pin–type insulators shall conform to Rule 49.3. In
this problem a No. 4 and No. 8 annealed copper wire are used for the No. 00 and
No. 8 circuits involved.

Pins used in connection with pin–type insulators shall have sufficient strength to
withstand the tension in the conductor. In the case under discussion wrought iron
pipe–pins of the dimensions and construction indicated below are to be employed
for the power conductors.

F-5
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

Maximum
Conductor Tension
Space of Insulator Tie Point Above Pin 2,605 Pounds
Top of Pin
Outside Diameter = D = 1.90"

14" Inside Diameter = d = 1.50"

W.I. Pipe Pin

Crossarm

5-3/4"

4-3/4"

Bending moment (at crossarm) M = 2,605 x 14 = 36,470 pound–inches

11D 4 − d 4
Section Modulus E =
32 D
1.904 - 1.504
0.0982 x = .0412 inch 3
1.90
M 36470
Fiber stress S = = = 88500 pounds per square inch
E 0.412

Assuming that the ultimate fiber stress of wrought iron is 48,000 pounds per
square inch, a single pin is not sufficient, as it provides a safety factor of 0.542,

48000 
 =0.542
88500 

for an assumed tension of 2,605 pounds in the conductor at maximum loading.

Since a safety factor of unity (Rule 47.3) is required, two pins are necessary and
therefore double crossarms, pins and insulators are used on the poles supporting
the crossing span.

Locust pins are to be used in this case for the private telephone conductors.
Although a 1–1/2 inch locust pin would be sufficient to withstand the conductor
tension of 570 pounds with a safety factor of at least unity, as required by Rule
47.2, care would be necessary to provide sufficient strength in the conductor
fastenings. In this problem, the private telephone conductors are considered to be
dead–ended at the ends of the crossing span.

F-6
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

8. Crossarms–Horizontal Loads

Power Circuits

The point of maximum bending moment will be at the crossarm through bolt
attaching the arm to the pole, at which point the cross section of the arm is
reduced by the amount of the bolt hole. Crossarms supporting the 60 kV wires are
to be Douglas fir, dense, dimensions 4–3/4” x 5–3/4” x 12’, bored as illustrated
below.

6"
66"

S d= 4-3/4"
Pipe Pin Hole b= 5-3/4"
Force
Through-bolt Hole

1/2 Crossarm Length Section at Through Bolt Hole

The section through the arm and the method of computing the fiber stress is
shown below.

Long–time loading: Since longitudinal conductor loads are normally balanced,

long–time horizontal loading of the power circuit crossarms need not be
considered.

Single arm, Maximum loading, 25°F and an 8 lb wind

Bending moment = 2,605 x 66 = 171,930 pound–inches

bd2
Section modulus = where
6
b = 5.75” – 0.69 = 5.06”
d = 4.75”
s = 11/16” = 0.69”
5.06 x 4.752
Section modulus = = 19.0 inches 3
6
Fiber Stress = Bending moment divided by
171930
Section modulus = = 9050 lbs per square inch
19.0

F-7
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

As the allowable value for modulus of rupture in bending under maximum loading
conditions is 6,300 lbs per sq. in. (see Table 5, Rule 48.1), a single crossarm of the
size chosen provides a safety factor of only 0.70 for the assumed load at maximum
loading conditions, whereas the provisions of Rule 47.3 require a safety factor of
unity. Double arms will, therefore, be used in this problem to meet the strength
requirements applicable to crossarms at end supports of crossings. Double
crossarm construction of this type with separation maintained by space bolts is
assumed to have a horizontal strength equivalent to 130% of the sum of the
strengths of two single crossarms acting independently.

Maximum loading, 25°F and an 8 lb wind

Bending moment = 2,605 x 66 = 171,930 pound–inches
Single arm section modulus (same as previously calculated) = 19.0 inches3
Double arm section modulus = 19.0 x 2 x 1.3 = 49.4 inches3
171930
Fiber stress = = 3840 lbs per square inch
49.4
As the allowable modulus of rupture for short–time loading is 6,300 lbs per
sq. in. then the double crossarms under these conditions will provide a
safety factor of 1.91, which meets the unity safety factor required by Rule
47.3.
Private Communication Circuit
At the crossing span, double crossarms are used on account of dead–end
construction due to change of conductor size. Current practice provides for this
method of construction although a singlearm has sufficient strength as is found
form the following calculations of modulus of rupture under the two limiting
conditions of loading:
42"

3" 3"
18" 18"
d = 3-1/4"
b = 4-1/4"
S
Force
Through-Bolt
Pin Hole
Hole

Section At Through Bolt Hole

Long–time loading, 60°F and no wind

Bending moment = 448 x 18 = 8,064 pound–inches
bd2 3.56 x 3.252
Section modulus = = = 6.26 inches3
6 6
where d = 3.25”
s = 0.69”
b = 4.25” – 0.69” = 3.56”

F-8
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

8064
Fiber stress= =1290 pounds per square inch
6.26

The allowable value for modulus of rupture in bending is 0.55 x 6,300 = 4,465
pounds per square inch and therefore with a single arm the factor of safety under
conditions of long–time loading is 2.69.

Maximum Loading

Bending moment = 570 x 18 = 10,260 pound–inches

Section modulus = 6.26 inches3 (as per calculations above)
10260
Fiber stress= =1640 pounds per square inch
6.26
The allowable value for modulus of rupture in bending, under maximum
loading conditions, is 6,300 pounds per sq. in., therefore a single arm
provides a safety factor of 3.84 under these maximum loading conditions.

9. Crossarms - Vertical Loads

The vertical load on crossarms, where supports are approximately at the same
elevation, is due to the vertical load of conductors in each adjacent span plus 200
pounds at the outer pin position. In the problem under consideration, the conductor
supports on the crossing poles (C and D) are at the same elevation, and the
supports at the adjacent poles (B and E) are 4.5 feet lower in elevation, which
difference in elevation is greater than the normal sag. Then the conductor loading
on a crossing span support would be one–half the weight of the conductor of the
crossing span plus one–half the conductor weight of a hypothetical span, the curve
of which passes through the points of support.
Half the length of the hypothetical span may be calculated as follows:

D hT
X= +
2 Dw
Where
X = 1/2 the hypothetical span in feet.
D = horizontal distance between supports in feet.
h = difference in elevation of supports in feet.
T = conductor tension in pounds.
w = weight of conductor in pounds per foot.
The total crossing support–load is calculated as follows:

200 150 4.5 x 2074 

0.411 x + 0.411  +  + 200=334 pounds
2  2 150 x 0.411
The bending moment is: 334 x 66 = 22,040 pound–inches

F-9
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

P Q P

Force
R

b/2 b/2

The method of calculating the unit fiber stress of the double crossarms acting as a
simple beam is as follows:
b d3 - d13
Section modulus= x where
6 d
b = P + P = 9.50”
d = R + S + R = 5.75”
d1 = S = 0.69”
9.50 5.753 - 0.693 9.50 189.8
Section modulus=  = x =52.3 inches 3
6  5.75  6 5.75
Bending moment 22040
Fiber stress= = = 420 lbs per square inch
Section modulus 52.3

Long–Time Loading

As the allowable modulus of rupture in bending is 0.55 x 6,300 lbs per sq. in. or
3,465 lbs per sq. in. (see Table 5), the double crossarms of the size chosen
provide a safety factor of 8.2.

The fiber stress in the double crossarms of the private telephone circuit, similarly
calculated, is found to be 196 lbs per sq. in. These arms obviously meet the
strength requirements for vertical loads on crossarms.

Shear, compression and torsion stresses are not considered in this problem as
they are negligible and likewise the effect of reduction of cross section due to bolt
holes is not considered except for the through bolt holes.

F-10
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

10. Poles

The crossing poles are western red cedar and their dimensions are as follows:

Length 55 feet
Height above ground 48 feet
Circumference at top 28 inches
Diameter at top 8.9 inches
Circumference at ground line 49.0 inches
Diameter at ground line 15.6 inches

Distance from ground line to conductors supported is given as follows:

Top supply conductors 48’ 9”

Middle supply conductors 43’ 3”
Lower supply conductors 37’ 9”
Private telephone conductors 28’ 4”

Ground level at base of pole is considered to be at the same elevation as top of

rail.

Dimensions of adjacent poles B and E are:

Length 50 feet
Height above ground 43.5 feet
Circumference of top 28 .0 inches
Diameter of top 8.9 inches
Circumference at ground line 47.0 inches
Diameter at ground line 15.0 inches

11. Transverse Load on Crossing Poles C and D

The moment at the ground due to an 8 pound wind pressure on conductors is:

S1 + S2
Mc=Ln Ph  pound–feet
 2 

F-11
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

Where:
L = Height of conductors above ground in feet
n = Number of wires
S1 and S2 = Length of crossing and adjacent spans, respectively
Ph = Horizontal load per lineal foot due to an 8 pound wind
pressure on projected area of wire
Ph = 0.276 pounds per lineal foot for 00 AWG bare,
stranded copper
= 0.108 pounds per lineal foot for 6 AWG bare, solid
copper
= 0.085 pounds per lineal foot for 8 AWG bare, solid
copper
Mc0 = Moment due to pressure on top supply conductors
Mc1 = Moment due to pressure on middle supply conductors
Mc2 = Moment due to pressure on lower supply conductors
Mc3 = Moment due to pressure on telephone conductors
150 + 200
Mc0=48.75 x 2 x 0.276 x  =4710 lb-feet
 2 
150 + 200
Mc1=43.25 x 2 x 0.276 x  =4180 lb-feet
 2 
150 + 200
Mc2=37.75 x 2 x 0.276 x  =3650 lb-feet
 2 
200
Mc3=28.33 x 2 x 0.108 x  =610 lb-feet
 2 
150
Mc3=28.33 x 2 x 0.085 x  =360 lb-feet
 2 
_________
Total Moment due to Wind pressure on conductors = 13,510 lb-feet
The moment at the ground due to an 8 pound wind pressure on the pole is:
D1+2D2
MP=PH2   pound-feet
 72 

Where:
Mp = Moment due to wind pressure on pole
P = Pressure in lbs per sq. ft. on projected area of pole (8 lbs/sq. ft.)
H = Height of pole above ground in feet (48’)
D1 = Diameter of pole at ground in inches (15.6”)
D2 = Diameter of pole at top in inches (8.9”)
8 482 x 15.6 + 2 x 8.9
MP= = 8550 lb-ft.
72
Total moment = 13,510 + 8,550 = 22,060 lb–ft.
FI
Moment of resistance of pole = M=
c

F-12
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

Where:
F = Fiber stress in pounds per sq. in.
D1 4
I = Moment of inertia of section =
64 x12
D1
c = Distance from neutral axis to outer fiber =
2
FD13
FD1
3
M = =
384 122
122M 122 x 22060
F= = =710 lbs per square inch
D13 15.63

The allowable fiber stress for western red cedar poles to provide a factor of safety
of 4 is 1,500 pounds per sq. in., hence the crossing poles are not required to be
side guyed since they have a factor of safety of 8.5 for transverse load.

12. Side Guying

If side guying were required for the crossing poles C and D the method of
computing the same would be as follows:
Side guys are designed to take the entire transverse load of the pole, the pole
acting merely as a strut.
The transverse force acting on the poles will be due to wind pressure on poles C
and D and the transverse wind pressure on the conductors supported. The length
of conductor used in computing this transverse force will be equal to one–half the
distance between the guyed poles C and D, plus one–half the length of the span
adjacent to these poles.
The total wind pressure is computed as follows:

On Conductors

150 +200
3 x 2 x 0.276 x = 289.8 pounds
2
200
2 x 0.108 x = 21.6 pounds
2
150
2 x 0.085 x = 12.8 pounds
2

On Pole
D1 + D2 HP 15.6 + 8.91 48 x 8
= = 392.2 pounds
24 24

Total Wind Pressure = 716.4 pounds

F-13
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

The total moment on the poles is the same as developed for “Transverse load on
poles” which was 22,060 pound–feet.

22060
=30.8 feet above ground
716.4

A side guy could not be attached at this center of load and provide the required
clearances from the communication line; therefore, for construction purposes the
guy is assumed attached just below the lowest supply crossarm at a distance of 36
feet above ground.

Center

of Load
α
C = 36'

30.8'

Guy
Pole

B = 20'
Let Mt = Total moment on pole = 22,060 pound–feet
C = Height of guy attachment above ground = 36 feet (assumed)
B = Distance of guy anchor from base of pole = 20 feet
T = Tension in guy wire in pounds
A = Length of guy = (20 2
)
+ 36 2 = 41.2 feet

202 + 362 = 41.2 feet

M2
T=
C sin 
B
Sin = where
A
1. A= B2 + C2
20
Sin = = 0.485
20 2 + 36 2
22060
T= =1260 pounds
36 x 0.485

F-14
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

The specified safety factor for guys (Table 4, Rule 44.1) is 2 and, therefore, a guy
having an ultimate strength of not less than 2,520 pounds is required. One 1/4 inch
Siemens–Martin or a 5/16 inch common galvanized–steel strand would meet the
requirements for transverse load.

13. Longitudinal Load on Crossing Poles C and D

Rule 47.3 provides that crossing structures shall withstand at all times with a safety
factor of unity the unbalanced stress due to the combined pull toward the crossing
of one–third of the total number of conductors supported, the pull in each such
conductor being taken as the tension due to the specified loading.

8
Number of conductors involved = = 2-2/3 ;use3
3
Location of conductors resulting in maximum load - two on top arm and one
on next arm below
Bending moment:
2 x 2,605 x 48.75 = 254,000 pound–feet
1 x 2,605 x 43.25 = 112,600 pound–feet
Total Moment = 366,600 pound–feet
122M 366600
Fiber stress = =122 x =11780 lbs per square inch
D1 3 15.63

The allowable value of modulus of rupture under this load is 6,000 lbs per square
inch, hence poles C and D must be head guyed for longitudinal load.

Pole Pole

Center
Of Load

C
D = 43'

8'

The head guy should be attached approximately at the normal center of load,
therefore:

F-15
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

The bending moment under full longitudinal load would be:

48.75 x 2 x 2,605 = 254,000 pound–feet
43.25 x 2 x 2,605 = 225,300 pound–feet
37.75 x 2 x 2,605 = 196,700 pound–feet
28.33 x 2 x 570 = 32,300 pound–feet
Total moment = 708,300 pound–feet

The total longitudinal load would be:

3(2 x 2,605) = 15,630 pounds
2 x 570 = 1,140 pounds
Total wire tensions = 16,770 pounds

Therefore, the center of longitudinal load is:

Longitudinal Bending Moment
D=
Longitudinal Load
708300
= =42.2 feet load center above ground
16770
Use 43 feet (to avoid contact with arm)
B = 150 feet
C = 43 - 8 = 35 feet *
A= B2 + C2= (43)2 + (150)2=156.0
B 150
Sin == = 0.962
A 156.0
* Lower end of guy assumed 8 feet above ground on Poles A and E.

A guy attached at a point 43 feet above ground on pole C or D and at a point 8 feet
above ground on pole B or E, respectively, would be required to withstand a load
of:

366000
=8860 pounds
43 x 0.962

In this case, a 9/16 inch common, 7/16 inch Siemens–Martin, or 3/8 inch high–
strength guy strand would meet the requirements of Rule 47.5. The horizontal load
transmitted to pole B or E by such a head guy would be:

8,860 x sin α = 8,860 x 0.962 = 8,520 pounds

The longitudinal moment on pole B and E would be:

8,520 x 8 = 68,160 pound–feet

and the fiber stress developed in pole B or E by the tension of 9,070 pounds in the
head guy would be:

F-16
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 1

122M 122 x 68160

F= = =2460 pounds per square inch
D13 15.03

Poles B and E would, therefore, be adequate to hold the contemplated guy tension
with a safety factor of unity as required by Rule 47.5.

F-17
May 2018
 Crossing of Class •H" Supply Line Over Major Railroad and Major Communication Lines

5'-6"

Apparent Crossing Span Normal Sag Apparent

A Apparent B C 200 Feet 12.0 Inches D E Apparent F
Sag 6.7 Inches Sag 6.7 Inches
Sag 6.7 Inches Sag 6.7 Inches
Power Conductors
Normal Sag 11.0 Inches
Span Length 150' Head Guy Steel Strand

13'-2"

12'-9"

15'-5"
9'-5"

9'-5"
9'-4"
Apparent Sag 2 #6 2 #8 Apparent Sag
2 #8 H.D. Cu H.D. Cu

55'-0" 24'-0"
Private Telephone Cirucit 5.0 Inches 5.0 Inches
H.D. Cu

36'-0"
36'-0"
Side Guy Not

27'-7"

27'-7"
24'-0"

27'-5"
3' 5"
45'-0"

50'-0"

22'-0"
6'-0"
3'-9"
Side Guy Not Head Guy Required

8'-0"
8'-0"
Required Steel Strand
Ground Line

37'-6" 22'-6" 37'-6" 41'-0"

7'-0"
7'-0"
6'-0"

Elevation

FENCE
TELEPHONE

HIGHWAY

FENCE
TELEGRAPH

RAILROAD

RAILROAD

TELEGRAPH
FENCE
A B C D E F
14"
8"

Class •H"
To Ground

Crossarms
5'-6"
14"

4-3/4" x 5-3/4" x 12'-0" Plan

150' 200' 150'

To Ground

20' 20'
5'-6"
14"

Head Guy Side Guy Side Guy Head Guy

C D
B 20' 20'
Side Guy Side Guy
To Ground

Head and Side Guying

8'-0"

15"
To Ground

Class •C"
3"

Crossarms Note: Side guys not required by

3-1/4" x 4-1/4" x 42" primary assumptions shown only
to indicate how placed if
required and how computed
48'-9"
43'-3"
37'-9"
28'-9"

Framing Diagram

F-18
May 2018
 Part 2

Deadend Problem

It is the object of this problem to indicate the construction requirements for a

typical deadend structure, since the longitudinal stresses imposed upon such a
structure differ substantially from those on a pole on which the conductors
supported are normally balanced. The deadend structure considered herein is
assumed to support an 11,000 volt circuit, a 4,000 volt circuit and two secondary
circuits. It is also assumed that the deadend pole takes Grade “A” construction by
virtue of its location.

The deadend structure diagram and dimensions are shown on Page F–23. The
primary data chosen for this structure are as follows:

Data For Deadend Structure

Supply Conductors
11 kV circuit 3 #0 AWG Stranded, hard–drawn copper
4 kV circuit 4 #2 AWG Stranded, hard–drawn copper
120/240 volt circuit 3 #4 AWG Solid, hard–drawn copper
120/240 volt circuit 3 #2 AWG Stranded, hard–drawn copper
Insulators - Strain Type (to conform to Rule 49.5).
Conductor fastenings (to meet the safety factor of Table 4, Rule 44.1)

Crossarms:

11 kV circuit Douglas fir 4–3/4” x 5–3/4” x 8’–0”

4 kV circuit Douglas fir 4–3/4” x 4–3/4” x 7’–8”
Secondary circuits Douglas fir 4–3/4” x 4–3/4” x 7’–0”
Crossarm braces (to conform to Rule 48.2 and 49.8)
Pole - western red cedar.
Pole dimensions: 55’ in length; 25” top circumference; 50” ground line
circumference (ground line diameter 15.9”).

Construction Requirements

1. Conductor Tensions

It is assumed that the conductors are strung with the minimum sags specified in
sag curves of Appendix C, hence the tension values at 60_F and no wind (normal
tensions) are 35% of the ultimate tensions shown in Table 18. These tensions for
each of the conductor sizes and corresponding tensions at maximum loading (25_F
and wind of 8 pounds) are as follows, where span length is 250 feet:

F-19
May 2018
Appendix F, Part 2

Tension–Pounds
35% of At Maximum
Ultimate Loading

#O AWG Stranded, hard–drawn copper 1,664 2,125

#2 AWG Stranded, hard–drawn copper 1,065 1,360
#4 AWG Solid, hard–drawn copper 690 890

2. Crossarms

Spacings assumed are shown on the pole framing diagram on Page F–23. Double
crossarms of Douglas fir, dense, are employed for each of the four different
circuits.

Computations of the fiber stresses imposed upon the various crossarms by the
unbalanced wire loads of conductors in the physical configuration shown on the
diagram are made in accordance with the method outlined in Part 1 to show these
stresses under the conditions of long–time loading and maximum loading.
Furthermore, double crossarm construction of this type with separation maintained
by space bolts is assumed to have a horizontal strength equivalent to 130% of the
sum of the strengths of two single crossarms acting independently. The stresses
computed in this manner are:

Fiber Stress - lbs per Sq. In.

Long–Time Loading Maximum Lading
Top crossarms 1,412 1,804
Second Crossarms 1,598 2,040
Third crossarms 932 1,202
Fourth crossarms 1,438 1,811

Since a factor of safety of 2 permits a maximum stress of modulus of rupture in

bending of 1,732 lbs per square inch.

6300 x 0.55
 =1732 under the conditions of long-time loading (60o F and no Wind)
 2 
6300
and 3150 lbs per square inch   at maximum loading see Table 5, the
 2 
crossarms chosen are satisfactory.

F-20
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 2

3. Pole (See Page F–23)

Rule 44 provides that poles supporting unbalanced longitudinal loads in Grade “A”
construction shall have a safety factor of 4 against such loads. Rule 47 specifies
that guys used to support unbalanced longitudinal loads shall have a safety factor
of 2 for all grades of construction (Where guys are used they must take the entire
load with the designated safety factor, the pole being considered merely as a
strut).

Using the values given above for tensions at maximum loading, the following
moments due to dead ending the conductors are obtained:
3 x 2,125 x 47.3 = 301,500 pound–feet
4 x 1,360 x 38.3 = 208,400 pound–feet
3 x 890 x 30.3 = 80,900 pound–feet
3 x 1,360 x 25.3 = 103,200 pound–feet
Total Moments = 694,000 pound–feet
The total deadend stress, using the tension values for maximum loading given
above, will be:
3 x 2,125 = 6,380 pounds
4 x 1,360 = 5,440 pounds
3 x 890 = 2,670 pounds
3 x 1,360 = 4,080 pounds
Total = 18,570 pounds
694000
Center of load = =37.4 feet above ground
18570

The tension of a single guy with a lead to height ratio of 1 to 1 (assumed) and a
safety factor of 2 would be:

safety factor X total load 2 x18570

T= = = 52500 pounds
cos  cos 
A stranded guy attached at the center of load could be used provided the allowable
fiber stress of the pole is not exceeded. The stress due to guying at this point
would be as follows:

The center of load (37.4’ above ground) would be

9.9 ft. (118.8”) below the top conductors (11 kV) and
0.9 ft. ( 10.8”) below the second crossarm (4 kV)

F-21
May 2018
Appendix F, Part 2

The fiber stress in the pole at the center of load due to the tension in the
conductors above the center of load is computed as follows:

Bending moment 3 x 2,125 x 118.8 = 757,400 pound–inches

1,360 x 10.8 = 8,800 pound–inches
Total moment = 16,200 pound–inches

 d3
The section modulus of a solid circular section is E = = 0.0982d 3
32
The diameter of the pole at the center of load is d = 9.7inches

Then, E = 0.0982 x (9.7)3 = 89.6” 3

Bending Moment 816200

Fiber stress = = =9110 lbs per sq in
Section modulus 89.6

Since a pole in Grade “A” construction must have a safety factor of 4, the allowable
value of fiber stress would be 5,600/4 = 1,400 pounds per square inch; therefore, the
pole cannot be guyed by a single guy but can be guyed as illustrated on Page F–23.

F-22
May 2018
 Deadend Structure
0.7"
8"-0"

11 kV, 42"
3 #1/0
9'
4 kV,
4 #2 7'-8"
Center of Load
18"
8' 42"
Sec.
3-#4

Sec. 15"
3-#2 5' 39"

47.3' 15"
55' 39"
38.3' 55' 37.4'

30.3'
25.3' 25.3'

Insulators Not Less

Than 8' Above Ground

7' 7'

F-23
May 2018
 Part 3
Angle Pole Problem – Methods Of Providing Proper Strength For
Unbalanced Conductor Loads At Angle Poles

To maintain poles in proper position at angles and corners, it is generally necessary

to use guys or some other form of pole bracing. Unless the line is dead–ended, the
pull of the conductors is taken as being the same throughout the line.

The degree of unbalanced pull at an angle or corner pole is dependent upon the
angle in the line at that point; that is, the greater the angle in the line, the greater
is the magnitude of unbalance. Rule 47 specifies that when the longitudinal loads in
a structure are not normally balanced, the members stressed shall be of such
strength as to withstand the total unbalanced load with factors of safety equal to
those of Table 4. As it is assumed that the line considered in this problem is Grade
“A” construction, the pole would be required to provide a safety factor of 4 against
unbalanced loads; where guys are used to take the unbalanced loads they must
provide a safety factor of 2.

It is assumed that the line discussed in the foregoing deadend problem crosses
from one side of a street to the opposite side, that the longitudinal distance along
the street between the two poles concerned is 77 feet, and that the angle of
deviation is 33° (see sketch). This would result in an unbalanced force being
exerted in the direction of A of


18570 x2Sin = 18570 x2 x0.2840 = 10550 pounds
2
Methods of Guying Angle Poles
18,570 lbs
1
β = 33° = Angle of Deviation
50' 10,550
18,570 lbs
lbs

2 18,570 lbs
A
77'

Force Diagram

Assuming the pole height and framing as shown in Part 2, the top circumference of
pole to be 25”, the ground circumference to be 50” and the center of load to be
37.4 feet above ground line (as determined in Part 2), the fiber stress on the pole
at the ground line is as follows:

F-24
May 2018
 Appendix F, Part 3

Bending moment, M = 37.4 x 10,550 = 394,400 pound–feet

122M
Fiber stress =
d3
where circumference = 50” and d = 15.9”
122 x 349400
Fiber stress = = 11970 lbs square inch
15.93
5600
As a safety factor of 4 is required, the allowable working stress is or 1,400 lbs
4
per square inch, and therefore the use of guys is necessary.

A single guy attached at the center of load could be used provided the modulus of
rupture with a safety factor of 4 is not exceeded. The stress due to guying at this
point is as follows:

Bending moments


Toparm = 3x2125x118.8 x2 sin = 430200 pound − inches
2

Secondarm = 4 x1370 x10.8 x2 sin = 33400 pound − inches
2
___
Total moment=463600 pound-inches

Section modulus, E

The section modulus (E) at 37.4 feet above ground is 89.6 inches cubed, which is
the value computed in Problem 2

Fiber stress:

The fiber stress is

M 463600
F= = =5170 pounds per square inch
E 89.6

Since this stress exceeds the allowable stress of 1,400 lbs per sq. in. for the pole, it
is necessary to place guys at more than one point on the pole, and therefore, they
are attached at positions similar to the guys shown in the diagram on Page F–23.

F-25
May 2018
 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

F-26
May 2018
 Appendix G
Typical Illustrative Diagrams of Rules
These diagrams illustrate the requirements of certain rules and are to be used
as a guide only for the application of such rules. Under no conditions shall these
diagrams be given precedence over the rules as written.

Figure No. Subject Page

1 Conflicting Lines G–3
2 Co–linear Lines (Overbuilds) G–4
3 Co–linear Lines G–4
4-5 Sag–Normal and Apparent G–5
6 Clearance of Wires above Railroad Tracks, Highways, etc. G–6
7 Clearance of Wires at Point of Crossing G–7
8 Vertical Separation of Wires on Different Crossarms of the Same
Pole G–8
9 Vertical Separation–Cables and Racks–Joint Poles G–9
10 Vertical Separation–Line and Buck Arms Construction G–10
11 Vertical Separation–Combination Line and Buck Arm Construction G–11
12 Horizontal Conductor Spacing G–12
13 - 14 Deleted by Resolution E–3076 on March 9, 1988 G-13
15 - 31 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–5 on May 22, 1990 G-14
32 - 33 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–40 on October 9, 1996 G-15
34 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–6 on November 21, 1990. G-16
35 - 37 Climbing Space–Communication Conductors on Line Arms and Buck
Arms G–17
38 Climbing Space–Communication Conductors Not on Crossarms G–18
39 Climbing Space–Communication Service Drops Not on Crossarms G–19
40 Supply Service Drops 0 - 750 Volts on Clearance Arms and
Attachments G–20
41 Supply Service Drops 0 - 750 Volts on Pole Top Extensions Crossing
Class “C” Line G–21
42 Supply Service Drop Clearance from Messenger Supported
Conductors G–22
43 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–40 on October 9, 1996 G-23
44 Exposed Communication Guys G–24
45 Guys in Proximity to Poles and Conductors of 35,500 Volts or Less G–25
46 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–10 on January 21, 1992 G-26
47 Guy Sectionalizing - Communication Lines G–27
48 Guy Sectionalizing - Joint Poles G-28
49 Guy Sectionalizing - Anchor Guys G–29
50 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–10 on January 21, 1992 G-30
51 Guy Sectionalizing - Sidewalk and Truss Guys G–31
52 Guys Exposed to Supply Conductors of More Than 22,500 Volts or
in Proximity to Supply Conductors More Than 35,500 Volts G–32
53 - 54
Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–10 on January 21, 1992 G-33
55 - 56 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–25 on January 19, 1994 G–34

G-1
May 2018
 Appendix G

Figure No. Subject Page

57 - 59 Delted by Resolution SU–25 on January 19, 1994 G–35

60 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–40 on October 9, 1996. G–36
61 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–25 on January 19, 1994 G–37
62 - 63 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–40 on October 9, 1996. G–38
64 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–10 on January 21, 1992 G-39
65 - 67 Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors G–40
68 - 69 Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors G–41
70 - 71 Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors G–42
72 - 73 Backbone and Pull–off Insulation G–43
74 - 80 Trolley Bracket Insulation G–44
81 Hardwood Ground Moulding G–45
82 Plastic U–Shaped Ground Moulding G–45
83 Deleted by Resolution SU–25 on January 19, 1994 G–46
84 Clearance of Wires and Equipment on Poles G–47
85 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–6 on November 21, 1990 G–48
86 Guying Terms G–49
87 Quadrant or Side of Pole for Uncovered Runs or Risers G–50
88 - 89 Incorporated into Text by Resolution SU–6 on November 21, 1990 G–51

G-2
May 2018
 Line A

Line B
Line C

Line A is in conflict with line B if line A in overturning

result
will in contact with conductors of line B. line A is not in
conflict with line C provided that line C is on opposite side of
highway, street or alley and separated by a distance equal
to 60% of the height of the taller pole line, but in no case
less than 20 feet.

See Definition 22.1-A

Figure 1
Conflicting Lines

G-3
May 2018
 Overbuild

See Definition
22.1-B

Figure 2
Co-Linear Lines

Less than Pin Spacing or Less than 12"

See Definition
22.1-B

Figure 3
Co-Linear Lines

G-4
May 2018
 Apparent or Normal Sag

See Definition 23.3-A

Figure 4
Sag - Normal and Apparent

Normal
Sag

Apparent Sag

See Definition 23.3-B

Figure 5
Sag - Normal and Apparent

G-5
May 2018
 Rule 37, Table 1, Cases 1 to 5

Over 22,500 Volts

750 - 22,500 Volts

All Dimensions are in Feet
0 -750 Volts - Grounded Cables

Trolley Contact, Span and Feeder Wires, 0 - 750 Volts

Class C Circuits, Supply Service Drops, 0 - 750 Volts

Span and Guy Wires

10* 12 25*
25 25 34
18* 20 15* 19 30* 7* 19 17*
25 22 28 26* 27* 34* 30*
26* 22.5* 30* 18* 19 25* 15* 19 25*

Sidewalk

Lawn

Case 5
Clearances
Case 4
above Ground
Case 3 Clearances Above in Areas
Ground Along Accessible to
Clearances Along
Thoroughfares in Pedestrians
Case 1 Thoroughfares in
Rural Districts or Only
Urban Districts or
Clearances above Case 2 Across Other Areas
Crossing
Tracks of Railroad Clearances at Capable of Being
Thoroughfares in
which Transport or Crossings of Tracks Traversed by
Rural Districts
Propose to Transport or Along and Above Vehicles or
Freight Cars where Tracks or Surface of Agricultural
not Operated by Streets of Railroads Equipment
Overhead Contact Operated by
Wire Overhead Trolley
Contact Wires
* For Modifications,
see Rule 37, Table 1, Cases 1 to 5

Figure 6
Clearances of Wires Above Railroad Tracks, Highways, Etc.

G-6
May 2018
 Rule 38, Table 2, Cases 1 to 7

Supply Lines Over 68,000 Volts

Supply Lines 35,000 - 68,000 Volts
Supply Lines 20,000 - 35,000 Volts
Supply Lines 7,500 - 20,000 Volts
Supply Lines 750 - 7,500 Volts
Supply Lines, Service Drops and Trolley Feeders, 0 - 750V
Communication Lines
Span Wires, Guys and Messengers

8* 8* 8* 8*
8*

8 8
8
8 8
8 8

6 8 6 8
6 4

4 8 4
4 2
4*
2
4* 4 8 8*
18"* 2* 2 3* 3 6 6 6*
4* 4* 6 8

Trolley
Contact Wires
0 - 750 Volts

Span Wires Guys and Communication Trolly Feeders - 750 - 7,500 - Over
Messengers Conductors Service Drops 7,500 V 20,000 V 20,000 V
(Including Open 0 - 750 Volts
Wire, Cable and
* For Modifications see Rule 38, Table 2, Cases 1 to 7 Service Drops)
Supply Conductors
All Dimensions are in Feet Unless Otherwise Noted

Figure 7
Clearances of Wires at Point of Crossing

G-7
May 2018
 Rule 38, Table 2, Cases 8 to 13

All Dimensions are in Feet

Supply Lines 5*
Over 68,000 Volts
5* 5 5 5 6 6
4*
Supply Lines
35,000 -
68,000 Volts
4* 4 4 6 6

4*
Supply Lines
20,000 -
35,000 Volts
4 4 6 6

4*
Supply Lines
7,500 -
20,000 Volts
4 4 6

4*
Supply Lines
750 - 7,500
Volts
4* 4

Trolley Feeders, 2*
Service Drops
and Supply
Lines, 4*
0 - 750 Volts

1
Communication Lines

Note: Figure at extreme right of each

conductor level is the separation * For Modifications See
between conductors of same Rule 38, Table 2, Cases 8 to 13
voltage classification

Figure 8
Vertical Separation of Wires on Different Crossarms of the Same Pole.

G-8
May 2018
 Rule 92.1 - A & 92.1 - B

4' 4'

4' 4'

Any Circuit on Crossarm

6'b a: Also See Rule 54.9 - E4

Unguarded Racks or Cables 6'a
6'b 6'a
Above or Below b: Below Supply Conductors
Conductors on Crossarms

0-22,500 Volt Supply;

Communication, Open Wire or Cable

4'
4'
Guarded Racks Below
Conductors on Crossarms
More Than 750 Volts

6'
Guarded Cable Below Supply
of More Than 750 Volts

0 - 750 Volts

4'
Guarded Cable Below
0 - 750 Volt Supply Conductors

Racks Above Un
6 6 guarded Cable
Cable Above Unguarded Racks
' '

Grounded Cable

Grounded Cable Above

4 Unguarded Cable
Cable or Racks Above Guarded 4
Cable or Guarded Racks '
'

Figure 9
Minimum Vertical Separation Between Cables, Low Voltage Rack Conductors and
Other Conductors on Jointly Used Poles

G-9
May 2018
 Rule 38, Table 2, Cases 8 to 14

36000 - 60000 Volts

Where Vertical or Triangular

4' Construction is Employed, Vertical
Separation may be Equivalent to
Pin Spacing, Rule 54.4-CIc

4'

7500 - 20,000 Volts

18"

7500 - 20000 Volts

4'

7500 - 20000 Volts

18"
7500 - 20000 Volts

4'

750 - 7500 Volts

18"

750 - 7500 Volts

4'

750 - 7500 Volts

18"
750 - 7500 Volts

4'

0 - 750 Volts
12"
0 - 750 Volts
Note: Clearances between related linearm
and buckarm as given in Table 2 Case 14
shall not be applied consecutively both
above and below the same conductor
Rule 54.4-C2

Figure 10
Minimum Vertical Separation in Linearm and Buckarm Construction

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005.

G-10
May 2018
 Rule 38, Table 2, Cases 8 to 14

750 - 7500 Volts 0 - 750 Volts

48"

750 - 7500 Volts

0 - 750 Volts

48" *
0 - 750 Volts
750 - 7500 Volts
Related Line Buckarm

48"

750 - 7500 Volts

0 - 750 Volts

48" **
0 - 750 Volts
750 - 7500 Volts

Related Service Buckarm

48"

Communication
Circuits

For Modification See:

* Rule 54.4-C2b
** Rule 54.8-C2b

Figure 11
Minimum Vertical Separation in Combination Linearm and Combination Buckarm Construction

Note: Revised January 21, 2015, by Decision No. 1501005

G-11
May 2018
 Note: Shaded area indicates
8'-8" Plus 1/2" Per Kilovolt horizontal dimension of climbing
space Rules 54.7 & 84.7
in Excess of 46 Kilovolts

Supply Lines Over

46,000 Volts

36

Supply Lines
35,000 - 46,000 Volts

24

Supply Lines
20,000 - 35,000 Volts

17-½
18 18 17-½ Supply Lines
7,500 - 20,000 Volts

4 Feet Minimum

11-½
4 Feet Minimum 15 15 Supply Lines
11-½
750 - 7,500 Volts

Trolley Feeders, Service Drops and

11-1/2 Supply Lines 0 - 750 Volts

3 3 Telephone, Telegraph
and Other Signal Wires

4 Feet Minimum

All Dimensions are in

inches unless noted
Climbing Space

Figure 12
Minimum Horizontal Conductor Spacing Table 1, Case 8 and Table 2, Case 15

G-12
May 2018
 Figures 13 and 14
Deleted by
Resolution E–3076
March 9, 1988

G-13
May 2018
 Figures 15 - 31

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–5

May 22, 1990

G-14
May 2018
 Figures 32 & 33

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–40

October 9, 1996

G-15
May 2018
 Figure 34

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–6

November 21, 1990

G-16
May 2018
 Rule 84.7-B
Climbing Space Communication Conductors on Linearm and Related Buckarm

See Rule 84.4-D1

Min.
MIN. 20" Min.

20"
Min.

Figure 35

See Rule 84.4-D1

Min. 26-1/2" Min.

20"
Min.

Figure 36

See Rule 84.4-D1

26-1/2" Min.

26-1/2" Min.

Figure 37

G-17
May 2018
 3 Feet Minimum
6" Rules 84.4-CIc
Min. and 84.7-C

12"Min. Below this level a

climbing space of 30" square
12"Min. and a minimum vertical
conductor separation are
required by Rule 84.7-C.
A A
Main, Branch
or Tap Wires

Rule 84.7-C

Climbing
Space Line Conductors
30"
Square

Main, Branch
or Tap Wires

Section A-A

Figure 38
Climbing Space Communication Conductors Not on Crossarms

G-18
May 2018
 Rule 84.7-D and Rule 84.8-B2b

Supply Supply
0 - 750 Volts 0 - 750 Volts

5 Feet 5 Feet
Minimum Minimum

6 Feet
Minimum
A A B B
6 Feet
Minimum

30" Square

30" Square

Section A-A Section B-B

Note: Revised March 9, 1988 by Resolution E-3076.

Figure 39
Climbing Space Communication Service Drops not on Crossarms

G-19
May 2018
 Rule 54.8-C2

Supply 0 - 750 Volt

or Communication

Less Than 4 Feet 0 - 750 Volt Service Drop Clearance Arm

But Not Less Than 2 Feet

25" Min. 25" Min.

Supply 0 - 750 Volt or Communication

Less Than 4 Feet 0 - 750 Volt Service Drop Clearance Arm

But Not Less Than 2 Feet

25" Min. 25" Min.

Figure 40
Supply Service Drops 0 - 750 Volts Clearance Arms and Attachments

G-20
May 2018
 Communication
Conductors

Service Conductors

30" 50"

Service Clearance Service Clearance

Arm 0 - 750 Volts Arm 0 - 750 Volts

4 Feet 2 Feet

Communication Arm Communication Arm

2 Feet or 4 Feet
1 Foot Minimum
2 Feet Minimum

Bracket

Rule 54.8-C3

Figure 41
Supply Service Drops 0 - 750 Volts Crossing Class C Line

G-21
May 2018
 Rule 54.8-C1

24"
Min.

48"
Min.

24" 24"
Min. Min.

Note: No supply service drop

within shaded area see Rule 57.4
for method of measurement

Figure 42
Supply Service Drop Clearance From Conductors Supported by Messengers

G-22
May 2018
 Figure 43

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–40

October 9, 1996

G-23
May 2018
 Rules 21.5-c And 86.5

Supply Supply
More Than More Than
250 Volts 250 Volts
Communication 8 Ft. Communication
8 Ft. 8 Ft. 8 Ft.

Exposed
Guy

Exposed Guy Not Exposed

Guy

a b

Supply Supply
More Than More Than
250 Volts 250 Volts
Communication
8 Ft. 8 Ft. Communication8 Ft. 8 Ft.
Cable
Communication
Exposed guy Guy Not Exposed
grounded by
connection to
Exposed anchor guy or
Guy grounded
messenger

c d

Supply Supply
More Than More Than
250 Volts 250 Volts
8 Ft.
Communication 8 Ft. 8 Ft.
Communication

Exposed Exposed
Guy Guy

e f

Figure 44
Exposed Communication Guys Not in Proximity to Supply Conductors on Wood Poles

G-24
May 2018
 Rules 21.5-D, 56.6-A and 86.6

Supply Less Than

Zone Of Proximity 35,500 Volts
8' Supply Less Than 8'
Zone Of Communication
35,500 Volts Proximity
8' 6'
8'
Portions In
6' Proximity
Ungrounded
Guy No Portion
In Proximity

Wood Wood

a b
Supply Less Than 35,500 Volts
Portion In Proximity
6'
8'
8'
8'
Portion
Communication Proximity
In

8'
6'

Passing Guys,
Less Than 6'
From Pole

Wood

8' Supply Less Than 8'

35,500 Volts

6'
8' 8'
Portions In
Proximity
6' Portion In
Proximity

Wood
Wood

d
Figure 45
Guys in Proximity to Wood Poles and Supply Conductors of 35,500 Volts or Less

G-25
May 2018
 Figure 46

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–10

January 21, 1992

G-26
May 2018
 Rule 86.7-A

Communication

Guy not exposed

to supply conductors,
Rule 86.6-A

Guy sectionalized because Supply less than

Communication of proximity, Rule 86.6-B2 250 volts
More than 6 feet
and less than 9 feet 8 Feet
from pole

Guy not in proximity and not 6 Feet

exposed to supply conductors More than 6 feet and
Wood of more than 250 volts less than 9 feet
Wood
b

More than 6 feet & less Supply more than

than 9 feet from pole 250 volts & less
Communication Sectionalized because of than 35,500 volts
proximity, Rule 86.6-B2

8 Feet

6 Feet
Sectionalized because of
exposure, Rule 86.6-B1
Need not be sectionalized if grounded
Wood and not in proximity, Rule 86.6-B1
Wood
c

More than 6 feet & less Supply more than

than 9 feet from pole 250 volts & less
Sectionalized because of than 35,500 volts
proximity, Rule 86.6-B2
Communication
Cable 8 Feet

Guy need not be sectionalized 6 Feet

because connected to grounded
cable and not in proximity to
supply conductors, Rule 86.6-B1
Wood Wood

Figure 47
Sectionalization of Overhead Guys on Communication Lines

G-27
May 2018
 Rule 56.7-A

0 - 750 Volts

6' Min. 4' Min.

Double Guard Arm

Communications
Communications Cable Attached
Cable Attached
To Pole.
To Pole.

EXCEPTIONS to sectionalization
because of proximity Rule 86.6-B2
for certain grounded guys.

Wood
Wood

More than 6 Ft. And

Less than 9 Ft. from Pole

Supply

Communication

Guy Not Sectionalized

If Connected To Solidly
Grounded Anchor Guy
Wood
Wood

Supply
More than 6 Ft. and
Less than 9 Ft. from Pole

6'
8'

Communication
Cable On Guy Sectionalized
Crossarm Because Of Proximity

Wood
Wood

Figure 48
Sectionalization Of Overhead Guys On Jointly Used Poles

G-28
May 2018
 Rule 54.7-B & 86-7-B

Insulator Above
Communication
Supply Rule 54.7-B

Supply
1 Foot
1 Foot 8 Ft. 6" to 18"
Sectionalizing 8 Ft. Sectionalizing
Insulators Communication Insulators
6'
in this Zone in this Zone
6 Ft.

8 Feet 8 Ft.

a b

Supply
Supply Communication
1 Foot Supply
8 Feet Communication 2 Feet or More
1 Foot
Sectionalizing 8 Feet Sectionalizing
4 Feet Insulators
Insulators
in this Zone in this Zone
4 Feet

8 Feet 8 Ft.

c d

Supply
1 Foot
Supply
1 Foot
4 Ft. to 6 Ft. 6 Feet
or More 8 Ft. Guy Not Required
Communication 8 Ft.
Cable to be
Communication if Attached to
Sectionalized
Guy Must Not be Grounded by Cable Attached Pole at or Below
4 Ft. the Cable Messenger
Connection to Messenger Etc. to Pole
Rule 86.8-B2
8 Feet 8 Feet

e f

Figure 49
Sectionalization of Anchor Guys

G-29
May 2018
 Figure 50

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–10

January 21, 1992

G-30
May 2018
 Rule 56.7-B, 56.7-C, 86.7-B & 86.7-C.

Supply Supply

1 Foot 1 Foot

8 Feet Grounded Brace

8 Feet Must be More Than
8 Feet Below Supply
6 Feet 6 Feet Conductors
Ungrounded Brace
Less Than 8 Feet
Below Supply
Conductors

a b

Supply Supply Supply

4 to 6 Feet

8 Feet 8 Feet 6 Ft. or More

8 Feet
Communication
Cable
6 Feet Communication
Portion of Guy in Cable Attached
Proximity to Supply to Pole
Must Not be Grounded
Rule 86.8-B2

8 Feet 8 Feet

c d e

Figure 51
Sectionalization of Sidewalk Guys and Truss Guys

G-31
May 2018
 Rules 21.5-C, 56.6-D and 86.6-C

6 to 9 Feet
Supply, More from Pole
Than 35.5 kV
8 Feet

8 Feet Radius
Guy Solidly
Grounded by
May be Omitted Connection to
if this End of Ground Wire or
Guy is Solidly Anchor Guy,
Grounded Rule 86.6-d

Portion in Proximity Supply, More

to Conductors of than 35.5 kV
Overhead Guy
Less Than 35.5 kV Solidly Grounded,
Shall Not be Grounded Rule 56.6-D
8 Feet
1 Foot
Supply, Less
8 Ft. Than 35.5 kV
6 Ft.
Guys
Sectionalized
Because of Proximity,
8 Feet Rule 56.6-A

8 Feet
Minimum Clearance,
Supply, More Table 2, Case 19,
Than 22.5 kV Col. G, H & I Communication
Open Wire

Communication
Guys Need Cable
Not be Sectionalized

Exposed Portions Shall be

Solidly Grounded, Rule 86.6-C

Figure 52
Guys Exposed to Supply Conductors of More Than 22,500 Volts or in Proximity of Supply
Conductors More Than 35,500 Volts.

G-32
May 2018
 Figures 53 & 54

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–10

January 21, 1992

G-33
May 2018
 Figures 55 & 56

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–25

January 19, 1994

G-34
May 2018
 Figures 57 - 59

Deleted by

Resolution SU–25

January 19, 1994

G-35
May 2018
 Figure 60
Incorporated into text by
Resolution SU–40
October 9, 1996

G-36
May 2018
 Figure 61
Incorporated into text by
Resolution SU–25
January 19, 1994

G-37
May 2018
 Figures 62 and 63
Incorporated into text by
Resolution SU–40
October 9, 1996

G-38
May 2018
 Figure 64

Incorporated into text by

Resolution SU–10

January 21, 1992

G-39
May 2018
 Rule 74.4-F

Broken Fastening

Must Not be Less Than 10 Feet Public Platform

Figure 65
Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors

Rule 74.4-F

Broken Suspension

Must Not be Less Than 10 Feet Public Platform

Figure 66
Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors

Rules 74.4-G3 and 77.6-A5

Not Less Than 18"

Not Less Than 15" 6 Feet to 9 Feet

6 Feet to 9 Feet 1 Foot to 3 Feet

Figure 67
Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors

G-40
May 2018
 Rule 77.6 - A1

Insulators
Preferably
6 Feet to 9 Feet Interlocking 6 Feet to 9 Feet

4 Feet to 5 Feet

For Variations of These

Dimensions See Rule 77.6 - A1

Figure 68
Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors

Rule 77.6 - A1

Not More than Wood Pole

4 Feet

Figure 69
Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors

G-41
May 2018
 Rule 77.6 - A5

Trolleys

Not Less Insulator in 1 Ft. to 5 Ft.

Than 15" Supporting
6 Ft. to 9 Ft. Span
6 Ft. to 9 Ft.

Insulator
in Feed Span Make feeder attachment
to trolley on side of span
wire opposite approaching traffic

Figure 70
Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors

Rule 77.6-A4

Feeder span wire of strength not This insulator is required

less than 4/0 strand copper cable in all cases with feeder
well insulated and not spliced span wires
Additional insulator is
recommended where fog Not Less Than 1 Ft.
conditions prevail or More Than 5 Ft. 6 Ft. to 9 Ft.

Not Less Than 15"

Not More Than 9 Feet

Wood or Metal Pole Wood or Metal Pole

Figure 71
Span Wire Insulators for Trolley Conductors

G-42
May 2018
 Rule 77.6 - B1

Treat like supply conductor 6 Feet to

to last bracket insulator. 9 Feet 6 Feet to 9 Feet

Insulate like
overhead guy

Figure 72
Insulation of Backbones and Pulloffs

Rules 77.6 - B2 and 77.6 - B3

If pulloff is less than 4 feet

in length. place insulator
as far from trolley contact
conductor as possible

B A 6 Feet to 9 Feet

4 Feet to 5 Feet

Insulator B is required when pulloff is

attached to backbone between pole
and the backbone insulator. it shall be
not less than 15" from the centerline
of pole and outside of the climbing
and working spaces

Figure 73
Insulation of Backbones and Pulloffs

G-43
May 2018
 Bracket Wire Insulators
for Trolley Contact Lines
Rule 77.6-C1 Rule 77.6-C1

Suspension shall be
adequately insulated
for trolley voltage
Metal Joint Construction by
Pole Diffferent Owners
Metal Bracket Wood
Pole Metal Bracket
Strain
Insulators Not Less
Required Than 1 Foot
Not Less
Than 1 Foot
Figure 74 Figure 75

Rule 77.6-C2 Rule 77.6-C2

Joint Construction by Joint Construction by

One Owner One Owner
Wood Wood
Pole Metal Bracket Wood Bracket
Pole

Figure 76 Figure 77

Rule 77.6-C2 Rule 77.6-C2

Joint Construction by Metal P0le Not Less

Different Owners Than 1 Foot
Wood Metal Bracket
Wood Bracket
Pole

Not Less
Not Less Than 1 Foot
Than 1 Foot

Figure 78 Figure 79

Rule 77.6-C3
Additional Insulator is
Recommended where Fog
Trolley Conditions Prevail
Note: Use of any combination of Feeder
wood poles and brackets and met Outside Working and
al poles and brackets requires Climbing Spaces
same insulation as shown here

At Termination
Not Less Than 15" of Feeder

Figure 80

G-44
May 2018
 Rule 22.8

3 Ft. Max.
1/2"

7/8"
1/32" 1/2"
1/2"
1/4" 1/4"
1"
Figure 81
Hardwood Ground Moulding

Rule 22.8

Ground Wire
Moulding Splice
Overlapped 2-1/2" (±) One End of
Each Length
of Moulding

3-1/4"
Maximum Spacing Expanded to
3 Feet, but Locate Permit Overlap
Extra Staples As as Shown on
Required to "installation Detail"
Follow Contour of Pole at Left
One Length
of Moulding *Marking on
Moulding Shall
Corrosion Resistant include Wire Size
Staples (e.g. Awg 6) and
M M Shall be at
Intervals of Not
More than 4 Ft.
Pole

Ground Line 5/8" b

0.100"a
Side View
1/2" b
Provision for
Toleranc c Snap Fit Overlap
a: 0.008"
es b: 1/32" Section M-M
c: This Dimension
Shall be 0.010"
Less than
Installation Diameter of
Detail Ground Wire

Figure 82
Plastic U-shaped Ground Moulding

G-45
May 2018
 Figure 83
Incorporated into text by
Resolution SU–25
January 19, 1994

G-46
May 2018
 12"

K K
24"

C Circuit
E
Supply Cable

C C G

F Line Arm 750 V & Above

T E

L
J C G G
V C
F 0 - 750 V L
V
W
Line Arm
J
E H
6 Ft. - 9 Ft.
V
C C G H 1
B 2
F
"
0 - 750 V
Line Arm X
H Q X
E

Supply
Cable E
Y H H E E
S S
M Z H E N

E 0
2 2 G S
5 5
Fire " " E 0
E S
S Alarm C C G

C
0 Circuit
0
0 0

Communication
P Cable
2 2
Terminal 4 4
0 "
Index Reference "

A Table 1 Cases 1 to 5 Incl. D 2

B Rule 58.1-B2
G
2 2 4
C Table 1 Case 8 5 5 "
D Table 1 Case 9 " "
0 - 750 V
E Table 2 Cases 8 to 13 incl. Clearance 8'
F Table 2 Case 14 Arm 3
6
G Table 2 Case 15 "
H Table 2 Case 19
J Rule 58.1-D, 58.1-E
K Rule 54.8-C3 and 84.8-D3 A A OA A A A A A A B A U
L Rule 54.6-F
M Rule 92.1-B R
N Rule 54.9-D
O Rule 58.5-B 7'-6"
P Rule 84.6-D
Q Rule 58.5-E
R Rule 54.6-D, 54.6-E, 84.6-D and 84.6-E
S Rule 92.2
T Rule 58.1-B1 and 58.1-B3
U Rule 58.1-B2 Figure 84
V Rule 54.4-C6 Clearance of Wires, Equipment, etc. on Poles
W Rule 54.6-F
X Rule 92.1-F3
Y Rule 92.1-F
Z Rule 84.8-B2b

G-47
May 2018
 Figure 85
Incorporated into text by
Resolution SU–6
November 21, 1990

G-48
May 2018
 Height

Height

Lead

Lead

Corner Angles

Angle of Deviation

Angle of Line

Figure 86
Guying Terms Lead and Height

G-49
May 2018
 Rule 84.6-D

Communication Cable and Messenger

Guard Arm

Approx.
45°
Quardrant
90°

Communication Cable and Messenger

Cable Arm

Approx.
45°

One Side 90°

Figure 87
Quadrant or Side of Pole for Uncovered Runs or Risers

G-50
May 2018
 Figures 88 & 89
Incorporated into text by
Resolution SU–6
November 21, 1990

G-51
May 2018
 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

G-52
May 2018
 Appendix H
SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT AMONG AT&T CALIFORNIA, CALIFORNIA
CABLE & TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION, CLEARLINX
NETWORK CORPORATION, COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA
DISTRICT 9, CONSUMER PROTECTION AND SAFETY DIVISION, CROWN
CASTLE USA INC., INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL
WORKERS LOCAL 1245, NEW CINGULAR WIRELESS PCS, LLC, NEXTG
NETWORKS OF CALIFORNIA INC., OMNIPOINT COMMUNICATIONS,
INC., dba T-MOBILE, PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY,
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA EDISON COMPANY, SPRINT NEXTEL,
VERIZON CALIFORNIA INC., VERIZON WIRELESS AND WILLIAM
ADAMS

In accordance with Rule 51.1 of the California Public Utilities Commission’s

(Commission) Rules of Practice and Procedure, AT&T California, California Cable
& Telecommunications Association, Clearlinx Network Corporation,
Communications Workers of America District 9, Consumer Protection and Safety
Division, Crown Castle USA, Inc., International Brotherhood of Electrical
WorkersLocal 1245, New Cingular Wireless PCS, LLC, NextG Networks of
California Inc., Omnipoint Communications, Inc., dba T-Mobile, Pacific Gas and
Electric Company, Southern California Edison Company, Sprint Nextel, Verizon
California Inc., Verizon Wireless and William Adams (collectively, the “Settling
Parties”) hereby enter into this Settlement Agreement (Agreement) to resolve
all issues among the Settling Parties in Rulemaking (R.) 05-02-023, Order
Investigation Rulemaking to consider uniform rules for attaching wireless
antennas to jointly used poles.

H-1
May 2018
 Recitals

RECITALS

1. On February 24, 2005, the Commission issued an Order Instituting

Rulemaking in R.05-02-023 to consider a new rule to GO 95 to establish
uniform construction standards for attaching wireless antennas to jointly
used utility poles.

2. Evidentiary hearings were conducted in the proceeding on February 7-9, 2006,

during which the Commission heard testimony from nine witnesses and
received 22 exhibits into evidence.

3. Opening and reply briefs were filed on March 13 and 28, 2006, respectively, at
which time the matter was submitted for Commission decision.

4. On April 25, 2006, the Assigned Administrative Law Judge, ALJ Walker, issued
his Proposed Decision (“the PD”). Opening and Reply Comments on the PD
were filed on May 15 and 22, 2006, respectively. ALJ Walker has issued two
revised versions of his Proposed Decision, which adopted Proposal 1 in its
entirety, including the provisions of Rule 94.6 and 94.7.

5. On July 18, 2006, several parties in the proceeding submitted a joint petition
to set aside submission of the proceeding pursuant to Rule 84 of the
Commission’s Rules of Practice and Procedure. The petition requested the
Commission set aside the submission of the proceeding temporarily to allow
the parties to pursue settlement discussions. On July 20, 2006, Assigned
Commissioner Geoffrey F. Brown and Administrative Law Judge Michelle Cooke
ruled that the parties shall submit any settlement on or before August 10,
2006.

6. Pursuant to Rule 51.1(b) of the Commission’s Rules of Practice and Procedure,

on July 28, 2006, the Settling Parties served notice of a settlement conference
to be held telephonically on August 4, 2006.

7. On August 4, 2006, the settlement conference was held as scheduled.

Following the settlement conference, the Settling Parties continued settlement
discussions, resulting in this Agreement.

H-2
May 2018
 Settlement Agreement

SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT

In order to resolve disputed issues of fact and law and settle on a mutually
acceptable outcome to the proceeding with due regard for public and worker
safety concerns, and subject to the Recitals and reservations set forth in this
Agreement, the Settling Parties hereby agree that this Agreement resolves all
disputed issues relating to Rule 94.6 and Rule 94.7 raised in this proceeding.

The Agreement is presented to the Commission pursuant to Rule 51 of the

Commission’s Rules of Practice and Procedure.

The Settling Parties agree that, in the event any party, as a joint owner,
lessee or licensee (“Antenna Owner/Operator”) seeks to install or causes the
installation of an Antenna (as defined in General Order (GO) 95 Rule 20.0) on a
joint use utility pole, it is agreed that:

1. Markings Related to the FCC’s MPE Limits.

The Antenna Owner/Operator shall provide, and update as necessary,

accurate information regarding compliance with the Federal Communications
Commission’s Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) limits as set forth in Title
47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) for each particular Antenna
installation. The Antenna Owner/Operator shall communicate such
information through the use of a pole mounted marking as described in
Exhibit A (Additional Marking Requirements) and in writing to the other
utilities and/or companies with facilities affixed to the pole in accordance with
Paragraph 4 of this Agreement.

2. Means of De-energizing Antennas.

The Antenna Owner/Operator shall not install an Antenna on a joint use pole
that emits RF energy in excess of the FCC’s General Population/Uncontrolled
maximum permissible exposure limits as set forth in 47 C.F.R. or effect a
change to an existing Antenna site that will cause that Antenna to emit RF
energy in excess of the FCC’s General Population/Uncontrolled maximum
permissible exposure limits as set forth in 47 C.F.R. except by providing to
any other utility or company with facilities attached to the affected pole, a
locally verifiable means to de- energize said Antenna. The protocols set forth
in Exhibit B shall apply to non-emergency or routine working conditions. The
protocols set forth in Exhibit C shall apply to emergency working conditions.

H-3
May 2018
 Settlement Agreement

3. Exemption.

The provisions of this Agreement shall not apply to Antennas that are exempt
from the provisions of General Order 95, Rule 94.

4. Adoption of Operating Procedures.

The Settling Parties further agree to memorialize the agreements set forth in
Section 1 and 2 of this Agreement (including the procedures and protocols to
be adopted thereunder) in separate, private agreements with affected
utilities, companies or municipalities or in the Northern California Joint Pole
Association’s Operating Routine. Such agreements and procedures shall be
adopted in a timely manner and Settling Parties agree to execute any and all
supplementary documents and take all actions which may be necessary or
appropriate to give full force and effect to the terms and intent of this
Agreement.

5. Commission Approval of Settlement and Modification of Rule 94.

The Settling Parties shall jointly request Commission approval of this

Agreement and that the Commission adopt Rule 94, as that rule is set forth in
Exhibit 1 of the Proposed Decision of ALJ Walker (mailed April 25, 2006), with
the exception of provisions 94.6 and 94.7, which the parties stipulate should
be removed from the rule. The Settling Parties additionally agree to actively
support prompt approval of the Agreement and adoption of the modified Rule
94. Active support may include briefing, comments on the proposed decision,
written and oral testimony, if testimony is required, appearance at hearings,
and other means as needed to obtain the approvals sought. The Settling
Parties further agree to participate jointly in briefings to Commissioners and
their advisors, either in-person or by telephone, as needed regarding the
Agreement and the issues compromised and resolved by it.

6. This Agreement is contingent upon (1) the Commission approving the terms
and conditions herein as reasonable, and adopting it unconditionally and
without modification, and (2) the Commission adopting the modified Rule 94
as provided in Paragraph 5, above. Upon satisfaction of these
contingencies, the Settling Parties agree to waive any and all rights to
challenge and/or appeal in any state or federal forum the Commission’s
decision in this proceeding.

H-4
May 2018
 Settlement Agreement

7. The Settling Parties agree to negotiate in good faith to resolve any dispute
arising out of the implementation, interpretation or alleged breach of this
Agreement. In the event such negotiations are unsuccessful, the Settling
Parties may seek appropriate relief from the Commission. Such proceeding
before the Commission will be limited to determining whether there has been
a breach of this Agreement and ordering appropriate relief. In the event any
of the Settling Parties do not reach agreement on the protocols described in
this Agreement, the Commission may mediate a resolution between those
Settling Parties. Nothing herein is intended to expand or restrict the
jurisdiction of the Commission and the Settling Parties retain all of their rights
with respect thereto.

8. The Settling Parties agree that this Agreement represents a compromise of

positions, without agreement or endorsement of disputed facts and law
presented by the Settling Parties in the proceeding.

9. This Agreement and the covenants and agreements contained herein shall be
binding on, and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective
heirs, successors and assigns. The Settling Parties further agree and
acknowledge that this Agreement and the covenants and agreements
contained herein shall remain binding on the Settling Parties, notwithstanding
the expiration of the term of any contract, lease or license relating to the use
of a joint use pole.

10. This Agreement embodies the entire understanding and agreement of the
Settling Parties with respect to the matters described herein, and, except as
described herein, supersedes and cancels any and all prior oral or written
agreements, principles, negotiations, statements, representations or
understandings among the Settling Parties relating to the use of joint use
poles.

11. The Settling Parties have bargained earnestly and in good faith to achieve
this Agreement. The Settling Parties intend the Agreement to be interpreted
and treated as a unified, interrelated agreement.

12. Each of the Settling Parties hereto and their respective counsel and advocates
have contributed to the preparation of this Agreement. Accordingly, the
Settling Parties agree that no provision of this Agreement shall be construed
against any Party because that Party or its counsel or advocate drafted the
provision.

H-5
May 2018
 Settlement Agreement

13. Each of the Settling Parties represents that it is duly authorized to enter into
this Agreement, and each person signing on behalf of an entity represents
that he or she is duly authorized to sign on behalf of that entity.

14. his document may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be

deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the
same instrument.

15. his Agreement shall become effective among the Settling Parties on the date
the last Party executes the Agreement as indicated below.

16. In witness whereof, intending to be legally bound, the Settling Parties hereto
have duly executed this Agreement on behalf of the Settling Parties they
represent:

H-6
May 2018
 EXHIBIT A

EXHIBIT A

ADDITIONAL MARKING REQUIREMENTS

Antenna Owner/Operators are responsible for the installation and upkeep of

their sign or signs at each joint use site.

a. In addition to the requirements of GO 95, Rule 94.5 (Marking), at a minimum,

each Antenna Owner/Operator will also affix a sign that:

(i) identifies the applicable FCC exposure category (General

Population/Uncontrolled or Occupational/Controlled),
(ii) identifies the FCC’s recommended minimum approach distance as set
forth in 47 C.F.R.; and
(iii) is of weather and corrosion resistant material.

b. The Antenna Owner/Operator will place the sign so that it is clearly visible to
workers who otherwise climb the pole or ascend by mechanical means and
affix said sign:
(i) no less than three (3) feet below the Antenna (measured from the top
of the sign); and
(ii) no less than nine (9) feet above the ground line (measured from the
bottom of the sign)

c. The Antenna Owner/Operator may install a single sign that contains the
information required by GO 95, Rule 94 and section (a) above, or separate
signs. In the event one or more Antennas are affixed to a pole, each Antenna
Owner/Operator shall provide a sign with sufficient information to allow
workers to identify its Antennas.

H-7
May 2018
 EXHIBIT B

EXHIBIT B

PROTOCOL FOR DE-ENERGIZING ANTENNAS IN NON-EMERGENCY OR

ROUTINE WORKING CONDITIONS

In the event an Antenna subject to Section 2 needs to be de-energized to

perform non-emergency work, e.g., routine maintenance and/or repairs, on a joint
use distribution pole, the following shall apply:

a. The utility or company shall contact the Antenna Owner/Operator (in the case
of a wireless carrier they shall contact the carrier’s Network Operations
Center) with a minimum of twenty-four (24) hours advance notice. The
following information shall be provided:

(i) identity of the utility/company representative and call back number

(ii) the unique identifier of the Antenna
(iii) the site address and/or location, if available.

b. The Antenna Owner/Operator shall de-energize the Antenna at the requested

time or at a time otherwise mutually agreed upon with the utility.

c. The procedures for de-energizing the subject Antenna shall provide the
requesting utility or company with a satisfactory on-site means to verify the
Antenna is de-energized.

d. Upon completion of the work on the site, the utility or company shall contact
the Antenna Owner/Operator (in the case of a wireless carrier, its Network
Operations Center shall be contacted) to inform them that the Antenna may
be re-energized.

e. The Antenna shall not be re-energized by the Antenna Owner/Operator

without confirmation from the utility or company.

f. The requesting utility or company will only re-energize the Antenna with the
Antenna Owner/Operator’s prior written consent.

H-8
May 2018
 EXHIBIT C

EXHIBIT C

PROTOCOL FOR DE-ENERGIZING ANTENNAS IN EMERGENCY

WORKING CONDITIONS

In the event an Antenna subject to Section 2 needs to be de-energized in

emergency working conditions, i.e., in a situation where there is an imminent or
actual danger to public or worker safety necessitating immediate and non-routine
work on the pole, for example in direct response to a fire, explosion, lightning,
storm, earthquake, vehicular accident, terrorism, or some other unanticipated
and catastrophic event, the following shall apply:

a. The utility or company shall make a good faith effort to contact the Antenna
Owner/Operator (in the case of a wireless carrier they shall contact the
carrier’s Network Operations Center). The following information shall be
provided:
(i) identity of the utility/company representative and call back number
(ii) the unique identifier of the Antenna
(iii) the site address and/or location, if available
(iii) state nature of the emergency and/or site condition.

b. The Antenna Owner/Operator shall de-energize the Antenna upon request in

emergency working conditions.

c. If the requesting utility or company is unable to contact the Antenna

Owner/Operator, the requesting utility or company shall de-energize the
subject antenna pursuant to mutually agreed upon procedures for that
particular type of equipment or by using any necessary means available. The
procedures for de-energizing the subject Antenna referred to above shall
provide the requesting utility or company with a satisfactory on-site means to
de-energize the Antenna that is verifiable.

d. Upon the completion of any necessary work to address the emergency, the
utility or company shall notify the Antenna Owner/Operator (in the case of a
wireless carrier, its Network Operations Center shall be contacted) that all
work has been completed so that the Antenna Owner/Operator can take any
necessary actions to re-energize the site.

e. The Antenna shall not be re-energized by the Antenna Owner/Operator

without confirmation from the utility or company.

f. The requesting utility or company will only re-energize the Antenna with the
Antenna Owner/Operator’s prior written consent.

H-9
May 2018
 (This Page Intentionally Left Blank)

H-10
May 2018
 Appendix I
Examples of Rule 18 Priority Levels and Safety Hazards

There are many situations where the location of the facility and other site-
specific conditions may influence the evaluation of the work required. The
priority and recommended repair date associated with any condition depend on a
variety of factors, including the proximity to roadways or pedestrian traffic,
accessibility of the location to the public, or the impact of failure or exposure.
Furthermore, the same condition may give rise to different safety or reliability
concerns, depending on whether the facility at issue is a communications facility
or an electric facility. Consequently, conditions may be classified in more than
one level as described in this Appendix.

Below is a non-exhaustive list of typical examples and is not inclusive of all line
or equipment types or conditions that could result in a Level 1, Level 2, or
Level 3 condition.

Level 1
Description: An immediate risk of high potential impact to safety or reliability.
Repair Interval: Take corrective action immediately, either by fully repairing the
condition, or by temporarily repairing and reclassifying to a lower priority.
Line Element Electric Communications
Inadequate clearances Inadequate clearances
Bare conductor contacting Cable / drop contacting bare
Conductor communication cable / drop power conductor
Burned jumper or connector Cable lashing broken
Burned high voltage conductor
Broken / damaged guy in
Guys proximity to high voltage
conductor
Insulator / Cutout Broken / damaged / missing
Broken / damaged Broken / damaged
Pole
Excessive lean Excessive lean
Broken / damaged Broken / damaged
Crossarm
Burned / decayed Burned / decayed

May 2018 I-1

 Broken / damaged Broken / damaged

Equipment Equipment contacting or in

Equipment leaking oil proximity to high voltage
conductor
Vegetation contacting or nearly
contacting high voltage
conductor
Other / Vegetation
Vegetation contacting low Vegetation contacting cable
voltage conductor and conductor and compromising
compromising structure structure

May 2018 I-2

 Level 2
Description: Any other risk of at least moderate potential impact to safety or reliability.
Repair Interval: Take corrective action within specified time period (either by fully
repairing, or by temporarily repairing and reclassifying to Level 3 priority). Time
period for corrective action to be determined at the time of identification by a qualified
company representative, but not to exceed: (1) six months for potential violations that
create a fire risk located in Tier 3 of the High Fire-Threat District, (2) 12 months for
potential violations that compromise worker safety, (3) 12 months for potential
violations that create a fire risk located in Tier 2 of the High Fire-Threat District, and
(4) 36 months for all other Level 2 potential violations.
Line Element Electric Communications
Insulated conductor contacting Cable / drop contacting insulated
communication cable / drop power conductor
Cable lashing broken / missing /
Burned jumper or connector
Conductor loose
Burned high voltage conductor
Inadequate clearances Inadequate clearances
Unattached Unattached
Broken / damaged Broken / damaged
Guys Slack / missing Slack / missing
Anchor – decayed / loose Anchor – decayed / loose
Insulator / Cutout Broken / damaged / missing
Broken / damaged Broken / damaged
Pole Leaning Leaning
Climbing space obstructed Climbing space obstructed
Broken / damaged Broken / damaged / deteriorated
Crossarm
Deteriorated Broken / damaged guardarm
Broken / damaged Broken / damaged
Equipment
Equipment weeping / seeping Equipment detached / loose
Vegetation causing strain or Vegetation causing strain or
Other / Vegetation
abrasion on low voltage conductor abrasion on cable
Ground Wire / Rod Exposed / broken / missing at Exposed / broken / missing /
/ Moulding public or communication level loose

May 2018 I-3

 Level 3
Description: Any risk of low potential impact to safety or reliability. For Level 3,
the condition is not structural, with low likelihood of failure; the condition does not
have a significant impact to structural integrity; there is little potential for injury or
reliability issues; failure or exposure does not present a significant impact to
operations or customers; work procedures mitigate safety concerns.
Repair Interval: Take corrective action within 60 months, subject to Exception. See
Rule 18, Section B(1)(a)(iii).
Line Element Electric Communications
Cable tag missing
Lashing broken / missing / loose
Conductor Inadequate clearances Inadequate clearances
Unattached Unattached
Idle Idle
Insulator compromised Broken / damaged
Slack Slack
Guys
Anchor – decayed / loose Anchor – decayed / loose
Missing marker Missing marker
Insulator / Cutout Minor damage
Damaged Damaged
Pole Leaning Leaning
Climbing space obstructed Climbing space obstructed
Crossarm Damaged Damaged (including guard arm)
Hardware Damaged / loose Damaged / loose
Ground wire exposed above
Ground Wire / Rod /
public and below Exposed / broken / missing / loose
Moulding
communication level

Note: Added May 31, 2018, by Decision No.18-05-042.

May 2018 I-4

 Below is a non-exhaustive list of typical examples and is not inclusive of all line
or equipment types or conditions that could qualify as a Safety Hazard.

Safety Hazard
Description: A condition that poses a significant threat to human life or property.

Action: If the facility belongs to the identifying company - take action

immediately, either by fully or temporarily repairing the condition. Refer to
Rule 18 for notification requirements.
Line Element Electric Communications
Detached / unsupported Detached / unsupported
Bare conductors contacting or Cable / drop contacting bare
arcing to other conductors power conductor
Cable lashing broken and likely
Conductor Bare conductors contacting or
to contact high voltage
arcing to communication cables
conductor
Conductors contacting or nearly
contacting the ground or
buildings
Broken / damaged in proximity
Guys
to high voltage conductor
Insulator / Cutout Broken / damaged / missing
Broken / damaged Broken / damaged
Pole
Excessive lean Excessive lean
Crossarm Broken / damaged Broken / damaged
Equipment Broken / damaged / detached Broken / damaged / detached
Vegetation contacting or arcing
to high voltage conductor

Other / Vegetation Vegetation contacting low

voltage conductor and Vegetation contacting cable and
compromising structure or compromising structure or cable
conductor

Note: Added May 31, 2018, by Decision No.18-05-042.

May 2018 I-5

 Appendix J
Exceptions from the Maximum Time Period
for Corrective Actions for Level 3 Conditions in Rule 18

`
Description: Opportunity maintenance.
Repair Interval: Take action (reinspect, reevaluate, or repair) as appropriate. Exception conditions
will be corrected the next time a crew is at the structure to perform tasks at the same or higher work
level on the pole, i.e., the public, communications, or electric level.
Additional Exceptions: Additional exceptions may be added pursuant to Rule 18,
Section B(1)(a)(iii). For the current list of exceptions, including those granted to specific entities,
please see the Commission website.
Line Element Electric Communications
Missing / illegible high voltage marking in a Communication carrier identification
Conductor remote location (inaccessible by vehicle) tag missing / illegible
Rationale: There is a low risk of the public Rationale: There is negligible risk to
coming into contact with a remote line such that safety or reliability associated with a
the high voltage sign might provide a missing communications carrier tag,
precaution for the public. The risk of potential and the risk of potential harm to the
harm to the worker associated with correction worker associated with correction
outweighs the risk of harm from not correcting. outweighs that negligible risk.
Therefore, it is reasonable to address the Therefore, it is reasonable to address
correction as opportunity maintenance. the correction as opportunity
maintenance. See NESC 214A5
(Corrections) (“(a) Lines and
equipment with recorded conditions or
defects that would reasonably be
expected to endanger human life or
property shall be promptly corrected,
disconnected, or isolated. (b) Other
conditions or defects shall be
designated for correction.”).

May 2018 J-1

 Reduced (minor) wire-to-wire clearances of Reduced (minor) wire-to-wire
Conductor insulated and energized service drops (0-750 clearances of insulated and energized
volts) from the pole, at midspan, or at the service drops (0-750 volts) from the
customer service location pole, at midspan, or at the customer
Rationale: There is a negligible risk to safety or service location
reliability associated with an insulated Rationale: There is a negligible risk
secondary/service conductor clearance (less to safety or reliability associated with
than 20% reduction in clearance), and the risk an insulated secondary/service
of potential harm to the worker associated with conductor clearance (less than 20%
correction outweighs the risk of harm from not reduction in clearance), and the risk of
correcting. Therefore, it is reasonable to potential harm to the worker
address the correction as opportunity associated with correction outweighs
maintenance. the risk of harm from not correcting.
Therefore, it is reasonable to address
the correction as opportunity
maintenance.
Missing / illegible high voltage sign on
Conductor crossarms or poles above legible high voltage
marking on lower crossarm(s)
Rationale: (i) there is a negligible risk to the
public and workers of not knowing that there is
High Voltage on the structure because of the
other signage on the structure, and (ii) the risk
of potential harm associated with correction
outweighs the risk of harm from not correcting.
Therefore, it is reasonable to address the
correction as opportunity maintenance.
Idle or abandoned cable and service
Conductor drops with no public exposure
Rationale: There is negligible risk to
safety or reliability associated with an
idle or abandoned service drop that
cannot be accessed by the public, and
the risk of potential harm associated
with correction outweighs that
negligible risk. Therefore, it is
reasonable to address the correction
as opportunity maintenance

May 2018 J-2

 Damaged / missing guy marker in remote Damaged / missing guy marker in
Guy / Anchor (inaccessible by vehicle) location remote (inaccessible by vehicle)
Rationale: The absence of guy marker in a location
remote area does not pose risk to safety since Rationale: Absence of guy marker in
the public is generally not exposed. Also the a remote area does not pose risk since
risk of potential harm to the worker associated the public is generally not exposed and
with correction in the remote area (which may the risk of potential harm associated
have to be hiked to over rough terrain) with correction in the remote area
outweighs the risk of harm from not correcting. (which may have to be hiked to over
Therefore, it is reasonable to address the rough terrain) outweighs the risk of
correction as opportunity maintenance. See harm from not correcting. Therefore,
NESC 217C (Protection and marking of guys) it is reasonable to address the
(“(1) The ground end of anchor guys exposed to correction as opportunity
pedestrian traffic shall be provided with a maintenance. See NESC 217C.
substantial and conspicuous marker. NOTE:
There is no intent to require markers at all
anchor locations. (2) Where an anchor is
located in an established parking area, the guy
shall either be protected from vehicle contact or
marked. This rule does not require protection
or marking of anchor guys located outside of the
traveled ways of roadways or established
parking areas. NOTE: Experience has shown
that it is not practical to protect guys from
contact by out of control vehicles operating
outside of established traveled ways. See
Rule 231B for clearances of structures adjacent
to roadways.”).
Damaged / missing guy marker not exposed to Damaged / missing guy marker not
Guy / Anchor pedestrian or vehicle traffic exposed to pedestrian or vehicle traffic
Rationale: The absence of a guy marker in an Rationale: The absence of a guy
area not exposed to pedestrian or vehicle traffic marker in an area not exposed to
does not pose a risk to safety. The cost to install pedestrian or vehicle traffic poses a
/ repair a marker on a stand-alone basis (not in negligible risk to safety. The cost to
connection with a higher level repair) exceeds install / repair a marker on a stand-
the benefit. Therefore, it is reasonable to alone basis (not in connection with a
address the correction as opportunity higher level repair) exceeds the
maintenance. See NESC 217C. benefit. Therefore, it is reasonable to
address the correction as opportunity
maintenance. See NESC 217C.

May 2018 J-3

 Reduced down guy clearance from Reduced down guy clearance from
Guy / Anchor communication line communication line
Rationale: In those cases where the guy is not Rationale: In those cases where the
touching the communication line (e.g., no guy is not touching the communication
evidence of strain or abrasion) the reduced line (e.g., no evidence of strain or
clearance does not impact the pole’s structural abrasion) the reduced clearance does
integrity. The risk of potential harm to the not impact the pole’s structural
worker associated with correction outweighs the integrity. The risk of potential harm to
risk of harm from not correcting. Therefore, it the worker associated with correction
is reasonable to address the correction as outweighs the risk of harm from not
opportunity maintenance. correcting. Therefore, it is reasonable
to address the correction as
opportunity maintenance.
Anchor guy with minimal slack where a pole is Anchor guy with minimal slack where
Guy / Anchor straight or leaning towards the anchor a pole is straight or leaning towards
Rationale: In those cases where the pole is the anchor
leaning towards the anchor or is straight, the Rationale: In those cases where the
minimal slack (e.g., no more than 2 inches from pole is leaning towards the anchor or
taut) does not have a significant impact on the is straight, the minimal slack (e.g., no
pole’s structural integrity. The risk of potential more than 2 inches from taut) does not
harm to the worker associated with correction have a significant impact on the pole’s
outweighs the risk of harm from not correcting. structural integrity. The risk of
Therefore, it is reasonable to address the potential harm to the worker
correction as opportunity maintenance. associated with correction outweighs
the risk of harm from not correcting.
Therefore, it is reasonable to address
the correction as opportunity
maintenance.
Climbing space obstructions from vegetation Climbing space obstructions from
Poles with incidental intrusion into the supply space vegetation with incidental intrusion
that: (i) does not prevent work from being done into the communication space that
and (ii) does not violate Rule 35 (i) does not prevent work from being
Rationale: As long as the vegetation can be done does and (ii) does not violate
addressed by the worker and does not prevent Rule 35
work from being done or pose a risk to the Rationale: As long as the vegetation
worker, then it is reasonable to address the can be addressed by the worker and
correction as opportunity maintenance. does not prevent work from being done
or pose a risk to the worker, then it is
reasonable to address the correction
as opportunity maintenance.

May 2018 J-4

 Damaged / loose / idle hardware that: (i) is not Damaged / loose / idle hardware that:
Poles in the climbing space and (ii) does not pose any (i) is not in the climbing space and (ii)
risk to employees working on the pole or the does not pose any risk to employees
public working on the pole or the public
Rationale: In this circumstance, the damaged / Rationale: In this circumstance, the
loose / idle hardware does not pose a safety or damaged / loose / idle hardware does
reliability risk and the risk of potential harm to not pose a safety or reliability risk,
the worker associated with correction outweighs and the risk of potential harm to the
the risk of harm from not correcting. Therefore, worker associated with correction
it is reasonable to address the correction as outweighs the risk of harm from not
opportunity maintenance. correcting. Therefore, it is reasonable
to address the correction as
opportunity maintenance.
Missing or damaged bolt covers where only
Hardware exposure is to qualified electric workers
Rationale: Qualified electric workers have
knowledge, training and work procedures to
work safely regardless of whether bolt covers
are present. As a result, the safety risk is
negligible, and the risk of potential harm to the
worker associated with correction outweighs the
risk of harm from not correcting. Therefore, it
is reasonable to address the correction as
opportunity maintenance.
Exposed ground rod in inaccessible or remote Exposed ground rod in inaccessible or
Ground / Ground location remote location
Rod / Ground Rationale: There is a low risk of the public Rationale: There is a low risk of the
Moulding coming into contact with a ground rod in an public coming into contact with a
inaccessible or remote location. In addition, the ground rod in an inaccessible or
risk of potential harm associated with remote location. In addition, the risk
correction outweighs the risk of harm from not of potential harm associated with
correcting. Therefore, it is reasonable to correction outweighs the risk of harm
address the correction as opportunity from not correcting. Therefore, it is
maintenance. reasonable to address the correction
as opportunity maintenance.

May 2018 J-5

 Damaged, missing or separated moulding
Ground / Ground (exposed ground) above communication level
Rod / Ground where only exposure is by qualified electric
Moulding workers
Rationale: Qualified electric workers have
knowledge, training and work procedures to
work safely regardless of whether moulding is
present. The risk of potential harm associated
with correction (plus sometimes there are
access issues) outweighs the risk of harm from
not correcting. Therefore, it is reasonable to
address the correction as opportunity
maintenance

Note: Added May 31, 2018, by Decision No.18-05-042.

May 2018 J-6

 Index
Topic Rule

A
Abandoned Lines 31.6
Accepted Good Practice 13
Allowable Obstructions
Climbing Space 54.7-A3, 54.9-F, 54.10-F3, 54.11-G,
54.12-F3, 58.3-A3, 84.7-E, 88.1
Working Space 54.7-B2
Allowable Tension-Definition 23.7-A
Alteration or Reconstruction,
Commission May Order 12.4
Aluminum Cable, Steel Reinforced Table 23 (Appendix B)
American Wire Gage (AWG) 24.2-A
Anchor Guys (See also Guys)
Attachment, Center of Load 56.2, 66.2, 86.2,
Appendix F - Parts 2 and 3
Clearances (See Guy Clearances)
Definition 56.1 (See Rules 21.5 and 23.5)
From Transformer Cases 56.4-F
Grounding or Grounded 56.6-D, 66.6, 86.6-C, 92.4
Location of Insulators 56.7-B, 86.7-B
Marking (Guarding) 56.9, 66.7, 86.9
Safety Factor 44, 44.1, Table 4, 49.6-C
Sectionalizing Requirements 56.6, 86.6
Size 49.6-B, 61.3
Strength 48.4, Table 24
Use of 47.2
Angle of Deviation Figure 86 (Appendix G)
Angle Pole Problem Appendix F - Part 3
Annual Weather Variations, Normal Table 1 - Note (ddd)
Antennas
Access, Clearances, Installation,
Climbing Space, and Maintenance 94
Apparent Sag-Definition 23.3-B, Figure 4
Applicability of Common Neutral Rules 59.2
Applicability of Rules 11, 12, 13
Arching Shields 104, 114

Index-1
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 Index
Topic Rule

Arm Guy (See Guy)

Arms (See Crossarm)
Arrangement of Lines 32
Arresters, Lightning 22.0, 33.3-A, 89.2
Attachment of Protective Covering 54.6-I, 84.6-F
Attachment of Conductors
to Bridges, Buildings, etc. 54.4-H2, 54.4-I, 84.4-F
to Insulators 54.11-B1
to Trolley Span Wires 78.1, 78.2
Attachment of Conductors to Surface
of Poles
Cables and Messengers, Longitudinal 57.4-F, 84.4-D2, 87.4-D2
Communication Conductors, Longitudinal 84.4-D2, 92.1-C, 92.1-D
Communication Service Drops 84.8-B2b
Ground Wires 54.6-B, 84.6-B
Low Voltage, on Racks (See Rack Construction)
Lateral Runs 54.6-C, 84.6-C
Risers 54.6-E, 84.6-E
Vertical Configuration 54.4-D6b
Vertical Runs 54.6-D, 84.6-D
Without Use of Wood Crossarms 54.11-B
Attachment to Poles of Span Wires, Foreign 34, 78.3
Autotransformer 24.1
Avoidance of Conflict 31.3, 31.4

B
Backbone 77, 77.6-b
Backup Plate 54.6-E1c
Barriers 51.6-B, 61.6-A, 61.6-B
Bending, Moduli of Rupture in 48.1, Table 5
Birmingham Wire Gage (BWG) 23.5-B
Bolts, Covered in Climbing Space 54.7-A3, 58.1-B1
Bonds (or Bonding)
Capacitors or Regulators 58.4-C

Index-2
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 Index
Topic Rule

Circuits of 7,500 or Less 53.4-B, 103.1-B, 113.1-B

Circuits of More than 7,500 Volts 53.4-A, 63.4, 103.1-B, 113.1-B
Common 53.4-A3b
Communication Messengers and Guys 83.4
Covering of Bond Wires 53.4-A, 53.4-B, 83.4
Grounded 33.3-A, 52.4-F, 53.4-A3a, 53.4-A3b
Messengers and Cables 57.8, 83.4, 92.4
Phase-to-phase 63.4
Pins and Deadend Hardware 53.4, 63.4
Separate 53.4-A3a
Separation of Bond Wires 52.4-B, 52.7-C
Transformers 58.1, 58.2-A3
Wire Size 53.4, 63.4
Boxes
Location and Clearance 54.4-G, 58.6, 84.6-D, 88.1, 92.1-F2
Braces
Metal Back 52.7-E, 54.7-A3, 84.7-B
Requirements for Use 47.2
Separation from Other Hardware
and Conductors 52.7-B, 92.3
Brackets
Cable 87.5
Communication, Open Wire 84.4-C1b
Service Drop, Clearance 54.8-C2, 84.8-D2
Strength Table 4 (Section 4)
Trolley 77.6-C
Bridge
Attachment to 54.4-H2, 54.4-I, 84.4-F
Clearance of Conductors from
Table 1-Cases 6 and 7, 54.4-H, 54.4-I, 84.4-F
Definition 20.3
Bridled Runs 84.6-D
Buck Arms
Clearance, Modified 64.4-C2
Climbing Space 54.7-A3, 84.7-B
Definition 21.0-B
Vertical Separation Table 2-Case 14, 54.4-C2a

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 Index
Topic Rule

Bundle Conductor-Definition 20.9-A

C
Cable
Aluminum, Steel Reinforced Table 23 (Appendix B)
Auxiliary 77.6-A5, 78.3-C
Bonding and Grounding 57.8
Boxes (See Boxes)
Clearance from its Messenger 57.4-D
Clearances (See Conductor)
Covering In Lieu of Guard Arms 57.7, 87.7
Definition 20.3, 87.1
Equalizer 74.4-G3
Fastenings Table 4, 87.5
Guarding Above Trolley
Contact Conductors 57.4-B2, 87.4-B2
Guarding at Pole Attachments 57.4-F, 57.7, 87.4-C3, 87.7
Hooks, Location of 84.4-C1c, 84.8-B2b
Lateral and Vertical Runs (See Runs)
Loading (See also Loading) 49.7B
Low Voltage, Multiconductor
with Bare Neutral 54.10
Messenger (See Messenger)
Neutral Supported (“Triplex”)
Service Drop 54.8-B4b
Protection 54.6-D, 54.6-E, 57.7, 84.7-D, 84.6-E,
87.7
Risers (See Risers)
Sag 57.9, 87.8
Terminals 54.6-F, 84.6-D, 88.1
“Triplex” (Neutral Supported Service Drop) 54.8-B4b
Capacitors, Detail of Installation 54.4
Case Clearances
Capacitors 58.1-B
Regulators 58.1-B
Switches 54.4-G, 58.6-A
Transformers 58.2-A3

Index-4
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 Index
Topic Rule

Catenary Construction
Definition 20.5
Required for Grade Crossings 74.4-B2, 74.2-F2
Change in Grade of Construction 47.4, 49.3-C2
Circuit (or Circuits)
Definition 20.6
Different Circuits on Same Crossarm 32.4, 89.4-A
Governmental Agency Control 92.2
Ownership Designation 32.4-A4
Relative Levels 32.2
Class C Communication Circuit-Definition 20.6-A
Class E Supply Circuit-Definition 20.6-D1
Class H Supply Circuit-Definition 20.6-D2
Class L Supply Circuit-Definition 20.6-D3
Class T Supply Circuit-Definition 20.6-E
Clearance Arm (See Crossarm)
Clearances (See Following Headings)
Conductor Clearances
Case Clearances
Ground Wires
Guy Clearances
Guy Insulators
Hardware
Lateral Conductors
Lead Wire Clearances
Messenger Clearances
Pole
Risers

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Topic Rule

Clearances continued
Roofs
Runs
Service Drop Clearances
Sign Clearances
Span Wire Clearances
Street Lighting
Tower
Transformers
Climbing Space
Allowable Obstructions 54.7-A3, 54.9-F, 54.10-F3, 54.11-G,
54.12-F3, 58.3-A3, 84.7-E, 88.1
Buck Arm Construction 54.7-A2, 84.7-B
Combination Line Arms 54.7-A2
Communication circuits 84.7
Definition 20.7
Joint Poles 93
One Vertical Circuit at Pole Top 54.11-F
Rack Construction 54.9-F
Space Bolts, Dead End, Covered In 54.7-A3
Supply Circuits 54.7
Terminals, Communication, Allowed In 88.1
Through Bolts, Transformer, Covered In 58.1-B3
Trolley Circuits 74.7
Colinear Lines
Definition 22.1-B
Requirements 32.3, 54.4-D3, 56.4-C2, 84.4-D3,
103.5
Combination Arm
Circuits Permitted 32.4, 54.4-C2b, 54.7-A3, 54.8-E
Definition 21.0-A
Marking (See also Marking) 52.4-C
Common Neutral System,
Requirements for 59
Common Neutral, Tagging of 59.3-F
Communication Requirements Section VIII
Concrete, Strength of Table 4, 48.3

Index-6
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 Index
Topic Rule

Condition, Most Stringent 14

Conditions, Limiting, Specified 14
Conditions, Two or More 14, 42.1
Conductor (or Conductors)
Arrangement Without Wood Crossarms 54.11-B2
Attached to Surface of Pole (See Attachment)
Bundle-Definition 20.9-A
Clearances (See Conductor Clearances)
Common Neutral System 59.3
Contact (See Trolley Contact)
Covering, Weatherproof 54.8-A, 54.9-C, 74.4-G3, 84.8-A,
92.2
Covering, Weather Resistant 20.9-G
Dead Ends (See Dead Ending)
Definition of Kinds 20.9
Duplex Communication 84.4-C2
Earth as 33.2
Fastenings or Tie Wires 49.3-B3, 49.3-C1b, 49.3-C2
Fire Alarm and Police 92.2
Ground (See also Ground Wires) 33.2, 92.4
Insulated, Suitable-Definition 20.9-G
Lateral (See Lateral Conductors)
Line-Definition 20.9-C
Loading 43, App. B
Material 49.4-A, 54.11-C, 59.3-A, 64.3, 74.3
Neutral 33.1, 59.2
Open wire-Definition 20.9-D
Overhead Lighting 61.3-A2, 103.2, 113.2
Protected 54.4-H2, 54.4-I, 54.6-C, 54.6-D,
54.6-E, 84.6-D, 84.6-E
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Sag (See Sag)
Service Drop (See Service Drop)

Index-7
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Topic Rule

Conductor (or Conductors) continued

Size 49.4-B, Table 8, 59.3-B, 59.4-A,
74.3, 113.4
Spacing 54.11-D
Splices (See Splices Conductor)
Strength 49.4-C, App. B
Suitable Insulation 20.9-G
Suspensions 63
Tensions (See Tension)
Triplex Communication 84.4-C2
Unprotected 20.9-E, 54.6-A, 58.1-B
Vertical (See Vertical Conductors)
Weather Resistant not Suitably
Insulated 20.9-G
Conductor Clearances
Above Ground 37-Table 1-Cases 1 to 5
Above Swimming Pools 54.4-A3, 84.4-A5
Above Tracks of Railways 37-Table 1-Cases 1 and 2
Above Trolley Conductors 38-Table 2-Case 2
At Points of Failure 49.4-C4, 74.4-F
At Same Potential 64.4-C2
Basic 37-Table 1, 38-Table 2
Between Conductors 38-Table 2-Cases 1 to 17, 20
From Bridges, Buildings, etc. 37-Table 1-Cases 6 and 7
From Crossarms 37-Table 1-Case 9, 54.4-E, 58.3-A2
From Drip Loops 54.4-C7, Figure 33
From Grounded Metal Boxes 54.4-G, 58.1-B, 92.1-F2
From Guys and Messengers 38-Table 2-Cases 1, 18, and 19
From Hardware (See Hardware)
From Lead Wires 54.4-C6, Figure 33
From Poles 37-Table 1-Cases 8 and 9
From Signs 39, Table 2-A
From Span Wires 38-Table 2-Cases 1, 18, and 19
From Street Lights 58.5-B3, 58.5-E, 92.1-F5
From Transformers 54.4-G, 92.1-F
From Trees 35, Table 1, Case 13
Height Adjacent to Crossings 101.1, 111.2
Modification of Basic Clearances Footnotes to Tables 1 and 2

Index-8
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Topic Rule

Conductor Clearances continued

On Insulators without Wood Crossarms 38-Table 2-Case 20, 54.11-B1,
54.11-E
Reduced from Crossarms 54.4-E, 58.3-A2
Service Drop Clearances (See Service Drop Clearances)
Triangular Configuration, Between
Conductors 54.4-Clc, 64.4-C1
Unprotected Vertical and Lateral 54.6A
Vertical Configuration, Between
Conductors 54.4-C1a, 64.4-C1
Conductor Insulators
Flashover Voltages 55.3-C-Table 12
Material 55.1, 65.1, 85.1
Method of Testing 55.3-C
Safety Factors 44, Table 4
Strength 49.5-A
Voltage Requirements 55.3, 65.1
Conductor Suspensions 63

Conduit (See also Pipe and Protective

Covering) 20.9-E, 52.7-D, 54.4-H2, 54.4-I,
54.6-C, 54.6-D, 54.6-E, 54.6-F,
84.4-F
Conflicting Lines-Definition 22.1-A, Section X
Conflicts, Cooperation to Avoid 31.1, 31.4
Connections, Electrical 49.4-E, 59.3-C
Constructions and Reconstruction of Lines 12.1, 44.1
Change of Grade 47.4
End Supports in Grades A and B 47.5
Grades of 42, 44.1, 49.1-B
Control Circuits, Governmental Agency 92.2
Cooperation to Avoid Conflicts 31.4
Copper Covered Steel Table 22
Copper Wire, Characteristics of Tables 17 to 20, Appendix B
Corrosion Resistant (See Galvanizing)

Index-9
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 Index
Topic Rule

Cover
Bolt - Definition 22.8-C
Bolt - in Climbing Space 54.7-A3i, 58.1-B3
Covering (See Protective Covering)
Cradles or Screens 105, 115
Crossarm or Arm
Braces (See Braces)
Brackets (See Brackets)
Buck Arm (See Buck Arms)
Clearance Arm, Use of 21.0-C, 32.3, 54.4-D3, 54.8-C2,
84.4-D3, 84.8-D2
Combination Arm (See Combination Arm)
Cutout, Marking of 52.4-D
Definition of Kinds 21.0
Guard Arm (See Guard Arms)
Heel 58.1-B3
Kicker (Same as Heel)
Material 49.2A, 52.5, 54.8-C3, 84.8-D3
Marking 52.4, 59.3-F
Metal 52.5
Painting (Same as Marking)
Pin and Dead End Spacing 37-Table 1-Case 8,
38-Table 2-Case 15
Pole Top Extension (See Pole Top Extension)
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Size 49.2-B
Strength 49.2-C
Crossing Problem Appendix F - Part 1
Crossings (See Lines Crossing)
Cross Span Wires 77.2
Cutouts (See Switches)
In Working Space 54.7-B2

Index-10
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 Index
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D
Dead End Assembly
Grounding of Cable 57.7, 87.7-B
Insulators (See Conductor Insulators)
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Separation of Hardware 52.7-D, 92.3
Spacing 37-Table 1-Case 8,
38-Table 2-Case 15, 63.3
Strength 57.5, 87.5
Dead End and Suspension Spacing 37-Table 1, 38-Table 2, 63.3
Dead Ending Supply Conductors
At Top of Pole 54.4-D8
Clearances (See Conductor Clearances)
Messengers (See Messenger Fastenings)
Space Bolt Covers in Climbing Space 54.7-A3
Typical Problems Appendix F - Part 1
Vertical Configuration 54.4-C4, 54.4-D6
Decorative Garlands 34, 78.3, 78.3-A2
Decorative Street Lighting 78.3-A1, 78.3-B, 78.3-C
Definitions Section II
Deflection, Structures Capable of 56.2, 66.2, 86.2
Depth of Setting Wood Poles 49.1-C
Deterioration (See Replacement)
Deviation, Angle of-Illustrated Figure 86, Appendix G,
Appendix F - Part 3
Diagrams Appendix G
Dimensions (See also Size under various items)
Crossarms 49.2-B, Appendix F
Poles 49.1-B, 82, Appendix F
Protective Covering 22.8, Figure 81, Figure 82
(Appendix G)

Index-11
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Topic Rule

Dimensions continued
Tower Members 61.3-A1
Towers 22.1-C
Disconnects (See Switches)
Districts, High Fire-Threat Districts, 18-A, 21.2-C, 21.2-D, 37, 43.1, 43.2,
Loading 49.4-C, 80.1-A, 80.1-B, Appendix A
District, Rural 21.2-B
District, Urban 21.2-A
Division of Industrial Safety 39, Table 2A, ref. (b)
Douglas Fir Molding (See Protective Covering, Suitable)
Drainage Coils 89.2
Drip Loops (See Lead Wires)
Drive Hooks 84.4-C, 84.7-B2b2
Drop Wires, Street Light 54.6-A, 58.5-B3, 92.1-F5
Duplex Pin Construction 102.1, 112.1

E
Earth as a Conductor 33.2
Effectively Grounded-Definition 21.4-A
Elasticity, Modulus of, for Conductors Appendix C
Element, Subordinate 12.1-C
Emergency Installation 12.5
End Supports-Grades A or B 47.5
Equalizer Cable, Trolley 74.4-G3
Equipment, Miscellaneous (See Miscellaneous Equipment)
Exceptional Cases, Relative Levels 32.2-G
Exemptions or Modifications 15
Exposed Guy (See Guy)
Experimental Installations 15.2

Index-12
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 Index
Topic Rule

F
Factor of Safety (See Safety Factor)
Fastenings (See Fastenings under various items)
Feeder
Auxiliary 74.3, 74.4-C, 77.6-A5
Common Neutral 59.3-B, 59.3-D
Span Wire 77.6-A4, 77.6-A5, 77.6-C3, 78.1
Trolley 37-Table 1-Col. C, 74.3, 74.4-G3
Fence
Barrier 51.6-B, 61.6-B
Substation 61.6-B
Third Rail Enclosure 79.4
Fiber Conduit 54.8-C2, 77.6-A6, 84.8-D2
Fiber Optic Cable Transitions 87.10
Dielectric Fiber Optic Cable Transitions 87.10-B
Non-dielectric Fiber Optic 87.10-A
CableTransitions
Fire Alarm Circuits 20.6-A, 54.8-C1, 92.2
Fittings, Terminal Fixtures 54.6-F, 84.6-D
Decorative Lighting 34, 78.3
Street Lighting 58.5-B, 58.5-D, 92.1-F5
Traffic Signal 58.4
Footings and Foundations 45, 46, 48.5
Foreign Attachments 34, 78.3

G
Gains, Pole 49.1-D
Gages, Kinds 24.2
Galvanizing or Corrosion Resisting 49.2-A2, 49.3-A, 49.6-A, 49.7-A,
49.8, 61.3-A1
Garlands, Decorative 78.3, 78.3-A2
Governmental Agency Control Circuits 92.2

Index-13
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Topic Rule

Grades of Construction (See also Pole,

Dimensions) 42, Table 3, 42.1, 42.2, 42.3, 49.1-B
Change In 47.4, 49.3-C2
Greater Sag Permitted 37, Appendix F
As a Conductor 33.2
Connection, Grounded 21.3, 33.3
Resistance 21.4, 59.4-B2
Separation from Hardware 52.7-C
Wires and Neutrals 33.1, 54.6-B, 61.3-A2, 84.6-B
Grounded
Effectively 21.4-A, 33.3-A, 61.3-A2
Guys (See Guy)
Independently 33.3-B
Marking of Grounded Condition 58.3-C3, 59.3-F
Metal Boxes and Equipment 54.4-G, 54.6-F, 58.6-C
Permanently 21.4-B
Securely 21.4-C
Grounding, Requirements for
Airbreak Switches 58.3-D4
Cables and Messengers 57.8, 92.4
Capacitors 54.4-G
Common Neutral System 59
Guys (See Guy)
Hardware (See Hardware)
Metal Crossarms 52.5, 54.4-G
Overhead Guys (See Overhead Guys)
Regulators 54.4-G
Risers 54.6-E, 84.6-E
Switch Airbreak 58.3-D4
Transformer Cases 54.4-G, 58.2-A3
Transformer Windings 58.2-A1, 58.2-A2
Vertical Run Conduit 54.6-D, 84.6-D
Ground Wires
Clearance from Hardware 52.7-B, 52.7-C, 54.6-B, 54.6-H
Common Neutral 59.3-C, 59.4
Conductivity 54.6-B

Index-14
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Topic Rule

Ground Wires continued

Covering-Definition 22.8-B, 22.8-E, 54.6-B, 84.6-B
Location 54.6-B, 84.6-B
Material 49.4-A, 61.3-A2, 84.6-B
Mechanical Strength 54.6-B, 59.4, 61.3-A2, 84.6-B
Guard Arms
Definition 21.0-D
Material and Size 49.2-A, 49.2-B, 57.7
On Joint Poles 92.1-A to F1 incl.
Strength 49.2-C, 54.9-E1
Use with Cable and Messenger 57.4-F, 57.7, 87.4-C3, 87.7-B
Use with Grounded Equipment 54.6-F, 58.6-B
Use with Low Voltage Racks 54.9-E1, 54.9-E2
Guarding
Latticed Steel Poles 51.6-B
Messengers (See Messenger, Guarding)
Third Rail 79.2, 79.3
Towers 61.6-B
Guy (or Guys)
Anchor (See Anchor Guy)
Arm 56.7-A, Figure 56-7
Attached to Grounded Structures 66.6
Attachment, Center of Load 56.2, 66.2, 86.2
Branched or Bridle 56.7-A, Figure 56-7
Bonding 83.4, 92.4
Definition of 21.5
Exposed-Definition 21.5-C, 86
Fastenings, Hooks, Shims and Thimbles 56.5, 66.5, 86.5
Grounding or Grounded 56.6-D, 56.6-E, 66.6, 86.6, 92.4
Guarding where Clearance Reduced to
Messengers 56.4-C4, 86.4-C4
In Climbing Space 52.7-D, 54.7-A3, 84.7-E
In Proximity-Definition 21.5-D, 56.6, 86.6, Figures 56-2 to 56-
10
Lead of Guy, Illustrated Figure 86 (Appendix G)
Location of Sectionalizing Insulators 56.7, 86.7
Markers (Guards) 56.9, 66.7, 86.9

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Guy (or Guys) continued

Material 49.6-A
On Poles Set Shallow 49.1-C
Overhead (See Overhead Guys)
Protection of, above Trolley Contact
Conductors 56.4-B2, 86.4-B2
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Sectionalizing Requirements 56.6, 66.6, 86.6
Sidewalk 56.7-B, 86.7-B, Figure 51
Size 49.6-B, 61.3-A3
Span 21.5-A
Strength 49.6-C, Table 9; 61.3-A2, Table 24
Taut 56.2, 66.2, 86.2
Truss 56.7-C, 86.7-C, Figure 56-10
Use of 47.2, 56.2, 66.2, 86.2
Guy Clearances
Above Ground and Tracks of Railroads 37-Table 1-Col. A
Above Swimming Pools 56.4-A3, 86.4-A3
From Buildings, etc. 37-Table 1
From Conductors, Guys and Span Wires 38-Table 2-Col. A
From Insulators 56.4-D3, 86.4-D3
From Poles 56.4-E, 86.4-E
From Transformer Cases 56.4-F
High Voltage, Not Decreased 66.4
Guy Insulators
Clearance from Guys 56.4-D3, 86.4-D3
Flashover Voltages 56.8-C-Table 13, 86.8-C-Table 16
Location of Sectionalizing 56.7, 77.6, 86.7
Material 56.8-A, 86.8-A
Method of Testing 56.8-C, 86.8-C
Strength 49.5-B
Safety Factors 44, Table 4
Voltage Requirement 56.8-C, 86.8-C

H
Hanger Arms (See Crossarms)

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Hardware
Bonding 53.4
Clearances from Conductors 52.7-C, 54.6-B, 58.3-A2, 92.3
Clearances from Ground Wires (See
Ground Wires)
Construction Without Wood Crossarms 54.11-B1
Grounding 52.5, 52.7-B, 52.7-F, 91.4
Insulating Material Provide Clearance 54.6-H
Material 49.2-A2, 49.3-A, 49.8, 61.3-A
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Separation from Other Hardware 52.7-D, 53.4-A2, 53.4-B, 54.6-H,
58.1-B3, 91.4, 92.3
Strength 57.5, 77.5, 87.5
Hardwood Molding (See Protective Covering, Suitable)
Head Guys (See Overhead Guys)
Heavy Loading 43.1
Heel Arms (See also Crossarms) 58.1-B3
Height of Guy Figure 86 (Appendix G)
High Fire-Threat District 18-A, 21.2-D, 37, 80.1-A, 80.1-B
High Voltage Signs (See Marking)
Hooks, Guy 86.5
Hooks, Location of (See Cable Hooks)
Horizontal Insulator-Definition 54.11-A

I
Ice Loading 43.1-B
Incidental Pole Wiring 38-Table 2-Cases 16 and 17
Indicating Switches 58.3-B
Induced Voltage, Protection Against 89.2, 92.4-B
Inductive Interference 90
Inductive Parallels-Avoidance of Conflict 31.3, 31.4
Insulated-Definition 21.6

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Insulators without the Use of Wood Crossarms

Attachment 54.11-B2
Clearances 54.11-B1, 54.11-E
Climbing Space 54.11-F
Conductor Arrangement 54.11-B2
Conductor Spacing 38-Table 2-Case 20, 54.11-D
Hardware 54.11-B1
Horizontal Position-Definition 54.11-A
Triangular Configuration 54.11-B2
Vertical Clearance Between Levels 38-Table 2, 54.11-E
Vertical Position-Definition 54.11-A
Illustrative Diagrams Appendix G
Inspection
of Lines 31.2
of Third Rail 79.6
Insulation, Suitable 20.9-G
Insulators (See also Conductor Insulators and Guy Insulators)
Service Drop with Bare Neutral 49.4-C7a, 54.8-A
Span Wire and Backbone 77.6
Street Lighting, Lowering Ropes In 58.5-D
Strength of 46, 49.5
Suspension 63
Trolley Suspension 77.6-A3, 77.6-C1
Intent to Construct, Notice of 31.4
Intermediate Loading District (See Modified Loading District)
Isolated-Definition 21.7
Isolating of Exposed Guys 92.4-A, 92.4-B

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J
Joint Use of Poles
Consideration by All Interested Parties 31.5, 91.1
Construction Requirement Section IX
Clearances 92
Definition 21.8
Marking 91.5
Not Allowed on Non-climbable
Partial Underground 31.5, 91.1
Jumpers (See Lead Wires)
Strength, Stepping, 91.2, 91.3

K
Kicker Arm (Same as Heel Arm)

L
Lateral Conductors
Clearances from Poles and Crossarms 37-Table 1-Cases 8 and 9, 54.4-E,
54.6-C, 84.6-C
Definition 20.9-B
Insulation 54.6-C, 54.8-C2, 84.6-C, 84.8-D2
Protective Covering 54.6-C, 84.6-C, 87.7-A
Runs of (See Runs)
Unprotected 54.6-A
Latticed Steel Poles
Guarding 51.6-B
Marking 51.6-A, 52.4-B
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Stepping 51.7
Strength 45, 46, 48.2
Lead of Guy-Illustrated Figure 86 (Appendix G)
Lead Wire Clearances
Above Ground 37-Table 1-Cases 1 to 5, 58.3-B1a
From Cases 58.1, Table 58-2

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Lead Wire Clearances continued

From Hardware (See Hardware)
From Other Conductors 38-Table 2-Cases 16 and 17,
54.4-C6, 58.5
From Poles and Crossarms 37-Table 1-Cases 8 and 9
Lead Wires
Definition 21.9
In Working Space 54.7-B2, 58.1-C, 58.5-C, 58.3
Levels 32.3, 92.2
Lift Span
Definition 22.1-A
Trolley Construction 77.6-C2, 77.6-C3
Lighting (See Street Lighting)
Lightning Arresters-Definition 22.0
Lightning Protection Wires 61.3-A2, 103.2, 113.2
Limiting Conditions Specified 14
Line (or Lines)
Abandoned 31.6
Arrangement of 32
Clearances (See Conductor Clearances)
Colinear 22.1-B, 32.3
Conductor-Definition 20.9-C
Conflicts 22.1-A, 31.3, 31.4, Section X
Construction of 12.1, 31.1
Cutouts (See Switches)
Definition 22.1
Design 31.1
Grades of Construction 42
Inspection of 31.2
Maintenance of 12.2, 31.1
Reconstruction of 12.1
Switches (See Switches)

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Lines Crossing
Highways 37-Table 1-Cases 3 and 4, 49.4-C4
Other lines 38-Table 2, 42.2, 42.3, Section X,
Appendix F
Railroads 37-Table 1-Cases 1 and 2, Section XI
Typical Problems Appendix F
Loading Districts 21.2-C, 43, 43.1, 43.2, 49.4-C,
Appendix A
Loads
Balanced 49.2-C1, 49.3-C1
Unbalanced 47.3, 49.2-C2, 49.3-C2
Wind 43.1-A, 43.2-A, 49.1-C
Longitudinal Strength 47
Low Voltage Racks (See Rack Construction)

M
Maintenance
Definition 22.2
of Lines 11, 12.2, 31.1, 31.2, 35, 44
Major Railways 22.9-B
Marking
Common Neutral, Designation 59.3-F
Guy Marker 56.9, 66.7, 86.9
Latticed Steel Poles 51.6-A
Less Than 750 Volts 52.4-C
Ownership, More Than 750 Volts 32.4-A4
Third Rail 79.1, 79.3, 79.4
Towers and Structures 61.6-A
Marking, High Voltage
Methods 51.6-A, 61.6-A
Requirements for Crossarms 51.6-A, 54.4-I
Requirements for Poles 51.6-A
Requirements for Towers and Structures 61.6-A
Material, Strength of (See Strength of Material)
Material, Tower Members 61.3-A1

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Maximum Allowable Tension-Definition 23.7-A

Maximum Limiting Conditions 14
Maximum Working Tension-Definition 23.7-B
Clearances (See Messenger Clearances)
Bonding 83.4, 92.4
Definition 21.11
Fastenings, Hooks, Shims and Thimbles 57.5, 77.5, 87.5
Grounding 92.4
Messenger (or Messengers) (See also Span Wires)
Fastenings 57.5, 77.5, 87.5
Guarding Above Trolley Contact
Conductors 57.4-B2, 87.4-B2
Guarding Where Attached to Poles 57.4-F, 57.7, 87.4-C3, 87.7
Guarding Where Clearance Reduced
to Guys 56.4-C4, 86.4-C4
Material 49.7-A
Requirements for Use 57.2, 87.2, 89.4, 103.4, 113.4
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Sectionalizing of 57.6, 77.6, 87.6
Strength 49.7-B, Table 24 (Appendix B)
Supports 49.7-C
Messenger Clearances
Above Ground and Tracks of Railways 37-Table 1-Col. A
Between Cables and Messengers 38-Table 2-Col. A and C
Between Messengers 38-Table 2-Col. A and C
From Buildings 37-Table 1-Col. A
From Cables Supported 57.4-D
From Guys or Span Wires 38-Table 2-Col. A and C
From Poles 57.4-F, 87.4-D
Messenger Insulators (See Guy Insulators)
Metal Crossarm 49.2-A2, 52.4-E4, 52.5
Metal Back Braces 52.7-E, 82.4-B
Metal Boxes (See Boxes)
Metal Poles 52.4-E3
Meters, Located on Pole 58.6
Meter Pole (See Service and Meter Pole)

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Minimum Limiting Conditions 14

Minor Railway-Definition 22.9-A
Miscellaneous Equipment 52.4-D, 58, 88
(See also Following headings)
Cable Terminals
Capacitors
Disconnects
Line Switches
Metal Boxes
Meters
Street Lighting
Time Switches
Traffic Signals
Transformers
Voltage Regulators
Modifications or Exemptions 15
Modified Loading District 43
Modulus of Elasticity for Conductors Appendix C
Modulus of Rupture of Wood 48.1, Table 5
Most Stringent Condition 14
Moulding (See Protective Covering)
Multiconductor Bare Neutral Construction 54.10

N
Neutral, Common (See Common Neutral)
Neutral Conductors
Classification of 33.1
Grounding of 33.2, 33.3, 59.4-B
Interconnection of 33.3-B, 59.2
Neutral Grid System 59.4-B
New British Standard Wire Gage (NBS) 24.2-C
Non-Walkable-Definition 22.4
Normal Annual Weather Variations Table 1 - Note (ddd)
Normal Conditions 35

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Normal Sag 23.3-A

Notice of Intention to Construct 31.4
Notification 15.3

O
Obstructions, Allowable
In Climbing Space 54.7-A3, 54.9-F, 54.10-F3, 54.11-G,
54.12-F3, 58.3-A3, 84.8-E
In Working Space 54.7-B2
Open Wire-Definition 20.9-D
Overbuilds 22.1-B; Figs. 2 and 3 (Appendix G)
Overhead Ground Wire 61.3-A2, 103.2, 113.2
Definition 21.3-A
Fastenings, Hooks and Shims 56.5, 66.5, 86.5
From Transformer Cases 56.4-F
Grounding 56.6-D, 56.6-E, 66.6, 86.6-C, 86.6-D,
92.4
In Climbing Space 54.7-A3, 84.7-E
Location of Sectionalizing Insulators 56.7, 86.7
Material 49.6-A, 66.3
Protection above Trolley Contact Conductors 56.4-B2, 86.4-B2
Sectionalizing Requirements 56.6, 86.6
Size 49.6-B, 61.3-A3a
Strength 48.4, 49.6-C, 66.3, Table 24
(Appendix B)
Use of 47.2, 56.2, 66.2, 86.2
Overhead Line Structures-Definition 22.1-D
Overhead Guys 21.5-A

P
Painting (Same as Marking)

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Partial Underground Distribution

Climbing and Working Space 54.7
Conductor Clearances 54.4-C4c, 54.4-D2, 54.4-D6c,
Figure 54-2, Figure 54-3
Definition 22.5
Joint Use of Poles 31.5, 91.1
Terminals of Risers 54.6-F
Transformers 58.2-A3
Voltage Requirements 55.3-D
Permanently Grounded-Definition 21.4-B
Permitted Sag Appendix C, Appendix F
Pins
Bonding 53.4
Duplex 102.1, 112,1
Grounded at Crossing 104
Grounding (See hardware Grounding)
Material 49.3-A
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Separation from Hardware 52.7-D
Size 49.3-B1, 49.3-B2
Spaces, Vacant 54.4-C2b
Spacing 37-Table 1-Case 8, 38-Table 2-Case
15
Strength 49.3-C
Uplift On 101.1, 111.2
Pipe (See also Conduit and Protective Covering)
Plastic (See Plastic Pipe)
Plastic Moulding
Use and Attachment 54.6-D, 54.6-I, 84.6-F, Figure 82
(Appendix G)
U-Shaped-Definition 22.8-B
U-Shaped, Ground Wire-Definition 22.8-A

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Plastic Pipe (See also Conduit and Protective Covering)

Definition 22.8-B
Pole
Acting as Strut 49.1-A, 56.2, 66.2, 86.2
Angle Problem Appendix F
Clearances from Railroad Tracks 36, Appendix E
Clearances of Conductors from (See Conductor Clearances)
Concrete 44, Table 4, 48.3
Deadend Problem Appendix F
Definition 22.6
Depth of Setting 49.1-C, Table 6
Dimensions, Minimum Top 49.1-B
Gains 49.1-D
Inspection 31.2
Maintenance 11, 12.2, 31.1, 35, 44
Marking (See Marking)
Metal 52.4-E3
Metallic Service and Meter 48.6
Nonclimbable-Definition 22.6-D
Replacement or Reinforcement
Requirements 44.3
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Service and Meter-Definition 22.6-E
Setting Depths 49.1-C, Table 6
Spliced Poles 22.6-B, 49.1, 101.2, 111.3
Steel (See Latticed Steel Poles)
Steel, Tubular 44, Table 4
Steps (See Stepping)
Strength 48.1, Table 5, 49.1-A
Stub Reinforced-Definition 22.6-C
Poles, Jointly Used (See Joint Use of Poles)

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Pole Top Extension

Definition 22.6-A
Strength 49.1
Supporting Service Drops 54.8-C3, 84.8-D3, Figure 41
(Appendix G)
Transformers on, Prohibited 58.1-A2
Police and Fire Alarm Circuits 20.6-A, 54.8-C1, 84.8-D1, 92.2
Pool, Swimming-Definition 23.6
Pothead 20.9-H, 54.6-F
Practicable 22.7, 35, 54.4-C1a, b, 54.4-C6, 54.4-G,
54.8-B, Table 10, 56.2, 56.4-D3, 56.7-A,
56.7-B, 66.2, 84.8-C5, 86.2, 86.4-D3,
86.7-B
Practice, Accepted Good 13
Private Communication Circuits
Attachment to Trolley Span Wires 78.2
Construction Details 89.2
Definition 20.6-B
On Same Arm as Supply Circuits 32.4-C, 89.2
Private Thoroughfare-Definition 24.0-B
Problems, Typical Appendix F
Protection
Against Induced Voltages 90, 92.4
Anchor Guys 56.9, 66.7, 86.9
Cables (See Cable)
Ground Wires 22.8-A, 54.6-B, 84.6-B, Figures 81 -
82
(Appendix G)
Messengers (See Messengers, Guarding)
Third Rail 79.2, 79.3

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Protective Covering, Suitable

Attachment to Pole 54.6-I, 84.6-F,
Figure 81 (Appendix G)
Definition 22.8
Douglas Fir, 1/2-in. Ground Wire
Molding 22.8-A1, Figure 81 (Appendix G)
Hardwood Ground Wire Molding 22.8-A1, Figure 81 (Appendix G)
Requirements for Use 53.4, 54.6-C, 54.6-D, 54.6-E,
54.8-C2, 83.4, 84.6-C, 84.6-D,
84.6-E, 84.8-D2
Rigid U-Shaped Plastic Molding (See Plastic Molding)
Proximity (See Guys, In Proximity)
Public Thoroughfare
Definition 24.0-A
Pull-offs 77.6-B
Puncture Voltage 55.3, 56.8-C, 86.8-C
Purpose of Rules 11

R
Rack Conductor Clearances
Between Conductor Levels 54.9-E
From Poles 54.9-B1
On Joint Poles 92.1-A, 92.1-B
Rack Construction, Low Voltage
Climbing Space 54.9-F
Conductor Arrangement 54.9-B2
Conductor Material 54.9-C
Conductor Spacing and Span Length 54.9-D
Radial Separation
Between Guys and Conductors 38-Table 2-Cases 18, 19
Of Conductors, Same Support 38-Table 2-Cases 16, 17
Of Conductors, Where Colinear or
Approaching Crossings 38-Table 2-Cases 1 – 7

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Railways
Conductor Clearances Above (See Conductor Clearances)
Crossing of Section XI, Appendix F
Definitions, Major, Minor, Street 22.9
Pole Clearances from 36, Appendix E
Reconstruction
Definition 23.0
Notification of 31.4
Of Lines 12.1
Or Alteration, Commission May Order 12.4
Safety Factors for 44.1
Regulators, Voltage 58.1
Reinforcement Safety Factor 44.3
Related Buck Arm (See also Buck Arm) 21.0-B
Relative Levels 32.2, 92.2
Replacement
Circumference of Grade “F” Poles Tables 25 and 27 (Appendix D)
Safety Factors 44.3
Resistance of Grounds 21.4-A1, 59.4-B2
Risers
Clearances 54.6-E, 54.6-H, 87.7-D
Covering 54.6-E, 54.6-I, 84.6-F, 87.7-D
Definition 23.1
Terminals 23.8, 54.6-F, 54.7-A3
Roofs (See Clearances from Buildings Under Various Items)
Rules
Applicability of 11, 12, 31
Exemptions from or Modification to 15
Limiting Conditions 14
Purpose of 11
Saving Clause 16
Scope of 13

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Runs (continued)
Bridled 84.6-D
Clearances 54.6-H
Covering 22.8, 54.6-I, 84.6-F
Definition 23.2
Lateral 54.6-C, 84.6-C
Terminals 54.6-F
Vertical 54.4-D9, 54.6-D, 84.6-D, 92.3
Rural District-Definition 21.2-B

S
Safety Factor
For Various Grades of Construction 44, Table 4
General 44
Installation and Reconstruction 44.1
Replacement or Reinforcement 44.3

Sag
Additional Allowance for Temperature 37
Charts of Sag for Copper Conductors Charts 1 to 9 inclusive (Appendix C)
Communication Conductors, Suggested Table 24 (Appendix C)
Definition of Apparent and Normal 23.3, Figs. 4 and 5 (Appendix G)
For Cables and Messenger 57.9, 87.8
For Conductors 54.5, 74.5, 84.5, Appendices C and F
Permitted, Greater Appendix F
Sags and Tensions Appendix F
Saving Clause 16
Scope of Rules 13
Screens or Cradles 105, 115
Securely Grounded-Definition 21.4-C
Service and Meter Pole
Definition 22.6-E
Metallic 48.7

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Service Drop Clearances

Above Ground 37-Table1-Col. B
Above Private Property 54.8-B2
Above Swimming Pools 54.8-B5, 84.8-C5
From Buildings 37-Table 1-Cases 6 and 7, 54.8-B4,
Table 10, 84.8-C4
From Cables and Messengers 54.8-C1, Figure 42
From Guys 38-Table 2-Cases 18 and 19
From Line Conductors 38-Table 2-Col. C and E, 54.8-C,
84.4-D1
From Poles 38-Table 1-Cases 8 and 9, 32.3,
54.4-D,
54.8-D, 84.4-D4, 84.8-E
From Other Service Drops 54.8-C4, 84.8-D4
From Supply Conductors on
Combination Arms 54.8-E
On Clearance Arms 54.8-C2, 84.8-D2
On Pole Top Extensions 54.8-C3, 84.8-D3, Figure 41
(Appendix G)
Service Drops
Attachment with Bare Neutral 49.4-C7a, 54.8-A
Covering, Weather-resistant 49.4-C7a, 54.8-A, 84.8-A
Definition 23.4
Material and Size 49.4-B, Table 8, 49.4-C7,
54.8-A, 84.8-A
Multiple Conductor, Supply 49.4-C7a, 54.8-A
Relative Levels 32.2-E, 32.2-F
Setting of Poles, Depth of 49.1-C, Table 6
Shims (See Guy or Messenger Fastenings)
Sidewalk Anchor 56.7-B, 86.7-B
Sign Clearances 39, Table 2-A
Sign Marking Common Neutral 59.3-F
Sign, Warning 54.4-I, 79.4
Signal Circuits, Railway 20.6-C
Signals, Traffic 58.4, Figure 58-4
Size of Poles, Minimum 49.1-B

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Space
Climbing (See Climbing Space)
Working (See Working Space)
Space Bolts, Dead End, Covering 54.7-A3
Spacing, Pin 38-Table 2-Case 15
Spacing, Dead End and Suspension 37-Tables 1 and 2, 63.3
Span Guy 21.5-A
Span Wires
Attachment to 78.2, 78.3-A, 78.3-C
Definition 23.5
Fastenings 77.5
Lift Span - Definition 23.5-A
Location of Insulators 56.7, 77.6

Span Wire Clearances

Above Ground 37-Table 1-Columns A and C
Above Railways 37-Table 1-Cases 1 and 2
From Conductors 38-Table 2-Cases 1 to 7, 19
From Guys and Span Wires 38-Table 2-Cases 1 and 18
From Poles and Structures 37-Table 1-Cases 8 and 9
Under Bridges 77.4-B
Material and Strength 49.7, Table 24 (Appendix B)
Protection above Trolley Contact
Conductors 56.4-B2, 86.4-B2
Sectionalizing Requirements 56.6, 77.6
Spans
Crossing, Length of 103.3, 113.3
Crossing Problem Appendix F - Part 1
Normal 103.3, 113.3
Strength of Conductors in 49.4-C

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Spliced Poles
Definition 22.6-B
Use in Line Crossings, Conflicts 101.2
Use in Railway Crossings 111.3
Splices, Conductor
Location of 103.1-A, 113.1-A
Strength of 49.4-C6
Spreader Brackets 54.12-D2
Steel Poles (See Latticed Steel Poles)
Steel, Poles, Tubular 44, Table 4
Steel, Structural 48.2
Steel Wire, Characteristics of Table 21 (Appendix B)
Steel Wire, Copper Covered Table 22 (Appendix B)
Stepping
Poles 51.7, 81.6, 84.7-E, 91.3
Towers 61.7
Strain Insulators (See Insulators)
Street Lighting
Circuit Voltage 58.5-A
Classification of Supply Circuits 20.6-D
Clearance from Metal Boxes 58.5-B3a, 92.1-F5
Clearances 58.5-B, 92.1-F5
Decorative (See Decorative Street Lighting)
Drop Wires 54.6-A, 58.5-B3a, 92.1-F5
Exceptions 58.5-F
Requirements 58.5
Street Railway-Definition 22.9-C

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Strength of Materials, Ultimate

Concrete, Prestressed 48.3-B
Concrete, Reinforced 48.3-A
Conductors 48.5, Tables 17 to 23 (Appendix B)
Steel Strand 48.5, Table 24 (Appendix B)
Structural Steel 48.2
Tower or Pole Foundations 48.6
Wood 48.1, Table 5
Strength Requirements
All Lines Section IV
Detailed 49
Longitudinal Loads 47
Transverse Loads 45, 45.1
Tower or Pole Foundations 48.6
Ultimate 48
Vertical Loads 46
Stringent Condition, Most 14
Structural Material Other Than Wood 48.2
Structural Steel 48.2
Strut, Pole Acting As 49.1-A, 56.2, 66.2, 86.2
Stub-Reinforced Pole 22.6-C, 101.2, 111.3
Substation 61.6-B

Supply Circuits
Clearances (See Conductor Clearances)
Construction Requirements 12.1, 31.1, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90,
100, 110
Definition of Classes 20.6-D
Relative Levels 32.2, 92.2
Suspension Insulators (See also Insulators) 63
Swimming Pool-Definition 23.6

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Switches, Cutouts, Disconnects

Capacitor 58.1
Grounding of 52.7
Indicating Position 58.3-B
Lead Wires 58.1, 58.3
Line 58.3
Operating Mechanism 58.3
Regulator 58.1
Street Lighting 58.4
Time 58.6
Transformer 58.1, 58.2

T
Tables, List of Page i
Tag, Common Neutral 59.3-F
Taps, Wire (See Lead Wires)
Telephone Instruments on Poles or Structures 89.3
Temperature 43, 43.1-C, 43.2-C
Tension
Maximum Allowable-Definition 23.7-A
Maximum Working-Definition 23.7-B
Tensions and Sags Appendix F
Terminal-Definition 23.8
In Working Space 54.7-B2
Terminals (See Riser Terminals and Cable Terminals)
Tests (See Insulator Tests)
Thermal Expansion, for Conductors Appendix C
Third Rail, Requirements for 79
Third Party Nonconformance 12.6
Thoroughfare-Definition 24.0
Through Bolts, Transformer Covering 58.1-B3
Tie Wires 49.3-A2, 49.3-B3, Table 7, 49.3-Clb,
49.3-C2
Time Switches (See Switches)

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Tower
Clearances from Railroad Tracks 36, Appendix E
Crossings 60
Lines-Definition 22.1-C
Materials 61.3-A1
Marking 61.6-A
Safety Factor 44, Table 4
Stepping 61.7
Strength 48.2
V-type 22.1-C
Y-type 22.1-C
Traffic Signals 58.4, Figure 58-4
Transformers
Autotransformers 24.1
Case Clearances 58.1-B
Case Grounding or Bonding 58.2-A3
Cutouts and Disconnects 58.3
Grounding of Windings 58.2-A
Insulating 89.2
Lead and Bus Wire, Clearances
Above Grounds 58.1-B, Table 58-1
Platforms 58.1-B, Table 58-1
Position on Pole 58.1-A1, 58.2-A3
Through Bolt Covers in Climbing Space 58.1-B3
Transposition, Points of 38
Transposition Wires 21.9
Transverse Strength Requirements 45
Tree Trimming 35, Appendix E
Triangular Configuration of Conductors 53.4-A1, 54.4-C1c, 54.4-D8a
On Pole Mounted Insulators 54.11-B2

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Trolley
Attachments to Poles 78.3-B, 78.3-C
Attachments to Span Wires 77.5, 78.2, 78.3-A
Backbones 77, 77.6-B
Brackets or Bracket Arms 77.6-C
Contact Conductor, Material and Strength 74.3
Contact Conductor Clearances 74.4
Details of Construction 70
Equalizer Cables 74.4-G3
Feeders 74.4-G3, 77.6-A4, 77.6-A5, 77.6-C3,
78.1
Lift Spans 77.6-C2, 77.6-C3
Messengers 77, 77.6-D
Pull-Offs 77.6-B
Span Wires 77.6-A
Truss Guys 21.5-B, 56.7-C, 86.7-C, Figure 51
(Appendix G)
Tubular Steel Pole, Safety Factor of 44, Table 4
Two or More Conditions 42.1
Two or More Systems, Arrangements 32.1

U
U-Shaped Plastic Moulding (See Plastic Moulding)
Ultimate Strength of Materials 48, Appendix F
Underground Distribution Partial (See Partial Underground)
Unprotected Conductors-Definition 20.9-E
Uplift on Foundations 48.6
Uplift on Pin 101.1, 111.2
Urban District-Definition 21.2-A

V
V-Type Support Structures 22.1-C
Vacant Pin Spaces 54.4-C2b, 54.8-E2b

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Vertical Conductors-Definitions 20.9-F

Risers (See Risers)
Runs (See Runs)
Unprotected 54.4-D9, 54.6-A
Vertical Configuration 54.4-C1c, 54.4-C4, 54.4-D6, 54.7-A1,
54.9
On Pole Mounted Insulators 54.11-E, 54.11-F
Vertical Mount Insulators-Definition 54.11-A
Vertical Strength Requirements 46
Voltage or Volts-Definition 24.1
Voltage-Communication Conductors 20.6-A, 20.6-C
Voltage Classification-Supply Circuits 20.6-D, 20.6-E
Voltage Regulators 58.1

W
Wall, Barrier 51.6-B2, 61.6-B2
Warning Signs
Bridges, Viaducts 54.4-I
High Voltage (See Marking, High Voltage)
For Latticed Steel Poles (See Marking)
Third Rail 79.4
Weatherproof Copper Wire, Characteristics
and Loading Tables 19 and 20 (Appendix B)
Weatherproofing or Weather-resistant Covering
Not Suitable for Insulation 20.9-G
Police and Fire Alarm Conductors 92.2
Rack Conductors 54.9-C
Service Drops 54.8-A, 84.8-A
Weather Records 43
Weather Variations, Normal Annual Table 1 - Note (ddd)
Wind Loading 43.1-A, 43.2-A, 49.1-C

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Wire
Aluminum, Steel Reinforced Table 23 (Appendix B)
Copper Tables 17 to 20 incl. (Appendix B)
Copper Covered Steel Table 22 (Appendix B)
Corrosion-resisting 49.4-A
Gages-Wire 24.2
Ground (See Ground Wires)
Iron and Steel Table 21 (Appendix B)
Lightning Protection 61.3-A2
Lead (See Lead Wires)
Overhead Ground 61.3-A2
Sags (See Sag)
Tension (See Tension)
Tie (See Tie Wires)
Transposition 21.9
Wood
Block Protection 54.6-F5
Molding 22.8, Figure 81 (Appendix G)
Poles, Requirement for Treatment 49.1-B
Strength 48.l, Table 5
Working Space
Allowable Obstructions in 54.4-D6b, 54.7-B2, 58.1-B1, 58.3
Definition 24.3
Dimensions 54.7-B1

Working Tension (See Tension)

Y
Y-Type Support Structures 22.1-C
Yield Point of Steel 48.2

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