Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
Schools Division of Pampanga

DONNA MARIE D. TONGOL

SST -III
Writer

JANE P. VALENCIA , Ed.D

EPS I - MATHEMATICS

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 TITLE : Avengers: The Six Infinity Stones

LESSON 2: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Learning Competencies: Solves quadratic equations by : ( a)

extracting the square roots; ( b) factoring ; (c ) completing square ;
and ( d ) using the quadratic formula . M9AL- Ia-b-1
‘

One of the different ways in

finding the solutions of quadratic
equations is the (A) EXTRACTING
THE SQUARE ROOTS. You will find
these out in the ACTIVITY CARD .
Read and understand first some
important notes.

Quadratic equations that can be written in the form of x2=k

can be solved by applying the following properties:

1. If k> 0, then x2 = k, has two real solutions or roots : x= +√k.

2. If k=0, then x2=k , has one real solution or root: x=0.
3. If k < 0, then x2= k has no real solutions or roots.

Example 1. Solve by taking square roots of x2 = 25.

Solution: x2 = 25
x = +√25, by square root property
x = + 5. Extract the square root.
Therefore , the roots/solutions are x=5 and x= -5, or x = {5, -5}
Example 2. What are the roots of 3x2 – 36 = 0?
2
Solution: 3x – 36 = 0
3x2 = 36, Using the Addition Property of

Equality, add both sides of the equation by 36.

x2 = 12 by square root property.Simply the

radical.

x 2 3

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 Yes Fire Storm , you did it great!
Another way of finding the
roots or solutions of a quadratic
equation is by (B) FACTORING
.The equation must be in the
form of ax2 +bx+c =0 .

We can use The Principle of Zero Products:

If ab = 0, then either a = 0, b = 0, or both a and b = 0.

Example 1 : Solve x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
Solution : Factor completely x 2 + 7x + 6=0
(x + 6)(x + 1) = 0 Apply the zero- product property.

Now the equation as given is of the form ab = 0

Let us set each factor equal to 0 and solve.
x+6 =0 x+ 1=0
x =-6 x= -1

Therefore, the roots / solutions are x = - 6 and – 1 à x =

{-6, -1}

Example 2: Solve 12y2 – 5y = 2

Solution : Write the equation in standard form by subtracting -2 both sides of the
equation.
12y2 – 5y -2= 0, a= 12 , b= -5 and c= -2

Factor the left –hand side by using the ac method ,ac = (12)(-2) = - 24 à factors of –
24 whose is sum is – 5. We have 1&-24, 2&-12, 3&-8, . . . …..
12y2 – 5y – 2 = 12y2 + 3y – 8y – 2
= 3y(4y + 1) – 2(4y + 1)
=(3y – 2)(4y + 1)
(3y - 2)(4y + 1) = 0

Now the equation as given is of the form ab = 0. Let us set each factor equal to 0
and solve
3y -2 = 0 4y +1 =0
3y = 2 , Apply the APE 4y = -1, Apply the APE
y = 2/3 Apply the DPE y =-1/4 Apply the DPE

Note : DPE means Division Property of Equality

Therefore, the roots / solutions are y=2/3 and y= -1/4 or y={2/3, -1/4}

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 Now , we are on the third way in finding
the solutions of quadratic equation is the
(C) COMPLETING THE SQUARE .

Hey Hulk , how am I going

to use this method / way?

Spiderman, there are quadratic equations that are not factorable.

If an equation is not factorable, this method is applicable to solve
the roots/ solutions. And also can be used whether the quadratic
equation is factorable. Did you get it? Here‘s the steps in finding
the roots of Quadratic Equation (QE) by Completing the Square.
1. If the coefficient of x is 1, proceed to step 2. Otherwise, divide
both sides of the equation by the coefficient of x 2.

2. Group all variable terms on one side of the equation.

3. Complete the square for the resulting binomial by adding the
square of half the coefficient of x of the value of b to both
sides of the equation.

4. Factor the resulting perfect square trinomial and write it as a

square of binomial.

5. Use the square root property to solve for x.

Let us consider the following trinomials,

1. What number should be added to x2 +6x + ____ to make it
perfect square?
 The number to be added is [ ½ (b)]2 = [ ½ (6)]2 = 9.
 Thus, the perfect square trinomial is x2 +6x + 9. We can
factor this as ( x +3 )2.
2. x2 -5x + ____. What should be the constant to be added in
order to make the trinomial a perfect square ?
 Since b= -5 , then the constant to be added is
[ ½ (b)]2 = [ ½ (-5)]2 = 25 .
4
 The perfect square trinomial ( PFT ) is x2 -5x + 25. We can
2 4
x- 5
factor this as 2 .

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 Let us try these examples.

Example 1. Find the roots of x2 +2x -3 =0

Solution :
Step 1 Since the coefficient of x2 is 1, let’s proceed
to Step 2.

Step 2 x2 +2x = 3

Step 3 Since b =2 , then we add to both sides of the

equation [ ½ (b)]2 = [ ½ (2)]2 = 1.
Thus we have x2 + 2x +1 = 3 + 1
x2 + 2x + 1 = 4

Step 4 ( x + 1 )2 =4 .

Step 5 ( x + 1 )2 =4 x +1 = ± √4,
x +1 = ± 2,
x+1=2 , or x+ 1= -2
x = 2 – 1, x = -2 -1
x =1. x = -3.
Therefore, the roots are 1 and -3 or x = { 1, -3}.

Example 2. Solve for the roots of 3x2 + 12x = 15.

Solution :
Step 1 Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient of x 2 or the
value of a which is 3.
x2 +4x = 5

Step 2 x2 +4x = 5 , the variable terms are already isolated.

Step 3 Since b = 4 , then we add to both sides of the equation

[ ½ (b)]2 = [ ½ (4)]2 = 4.
Thus we have x2 + 4x +4 = 5 + 4,
x2 + 4x + 4 = 9

Step 4 ( x + 2 )2 =9 .

Step 5 ( x + 2 )2 =9 x + 2 = ± √9,
x + 2 = ± 3,
x+2=3 , or x+ 2= -3
x = 3 – 2, x = -3 -2
x =1. x = -5.
Therefore, the roots are 1 and -5 or x = { 1, -5}.

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 Hey! Spidey , I need your help. What is the
last way or method in finding the roots or
solutions of quadratic equations?

Yes , Fire Storm! It’s my

pleasure. I can fix this, the last
method in finding the solutions
/ roots is by using ( D ) the
QUADRATIC FORMULA. Hey ,
look at the solution process.

Compare the two solutions:

2x2 +5x +1 =0 , ax2 + bx + c = 0 ,
5 1 𝑏 𝑐
x2 + 2 x + 2 =0, x2 + 𝑎 x + 𝑎 =0,
5 1 𝑏 𝑐
x2 + 2 x = -2 x2 + 𝑎 x = - 𝑎
5 25 1 25 𝑏 𝑏² 𝑐 𝑏²
x2 + 2 x + 16 = - 2 + 16 x2 + 𝑎 x + 4𝑎 = - 𝑎 + 4𝑎
5 25−8 𝑏
( x + 4 )2 = (x + 2𝑎 ) 2 = b2-4ac
16
4a2
Since ( 25-8) > 0 , we have If b2-4ac > 0 , we have
5 17
x + 4 = ± √16 𝑏
x + 2𝑎 = ± √𝑏²−4𝑎𝑐
4𝑎² ,
5
x =- ± √17 .
4 𝑏
4 x = - 2𝑎 ± √ 4𝑎²
𝑏²−4𝑎𝑐
,
𝑏
x = - 2𝑎 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
Thus, the roots are :
2a
x = - 5 + √17 , or
4 Thus , the roots are :
𝑏
x=- + √𝒃 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 , or
𝟐
2𝑎
x = - 5 - √17 . 2a
4 x = - 2𝑎
𝑏
+ √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
2a .

−𝒃 ± √ 𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
Therefore , the quadratic formula is x= 𝟐𝒂

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 Here are some
examples, Fire Storm!

Example 1. Find the roots of 5x2 +10x +4 =0.

Solution : a= 5 , b =10 , c= 4
Use the quadratic formula.
−𝑏 ±√ 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
x= 2𝑎

Substitute the value of a , b, and c, to the

formula.
10 ±√(10)²−4(5)(4)
x= -
2(5)
Solve for the roots.
− 10 ±√100−80
x= ,
10
− 10 ±√20
x= 10
,
− 10+2√5 − 10−2√5
Therefore, the roots are x = and x = .
10 10

Example 2. Find the roots of 4x2 -23x =6.

Solution: Write the equation in standard form.
4x2 -23x - 6 = 0
Hence, a =4, b=-23, and c =-6
Use the quadratic formula.
−𝑏 ±√ 𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
x= 2𝑎

Substitute the value of a , b, and c, to the formula.

−(−23) ±√(−23)²−4(4)(−6)
x=
2(4)
23 ±√529+96
x= 8

23 ±√625
x= 8

23±25
x= 8
23+ 25 23 − 25
x= x=
8 8
48 −2
x= x= ,
8 8
1
x=6 x=- .
4

1
Therefore, the roots are x = 6, and x = - 4
.

10

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 Shade the corresponding roots in the box for the given quadratic
equations and get the letters to decode the hidden message . You
may use the extracting the square root method

P:±6 M: ±7 C : 5, 6 A:0 J : 4, -1

Q : ± √5 L : ±11 H:±4 D : -4 , 1 I:±3

S : 16, -6 Y: ±8 B : ± 4 √2 E:±2 A : 0, -4

U:6,0 U : ± √10 N : 6, -16 G : 1, -1 T : ± 2√2

O : ± 6 √2 V : ± √3 I:±5 J : -7 , -1 K : 5, -2

W : ± 12 F : ± 2√3 X:±6 R : 0, -6 
9±√6
4

Message : __________________________________
________________________________________

1. x2 = 49 9. 5x2 = 40

2. x2 -27 =0 10. 3x2 -12 = 0

3. 3x2-36= 0 11. (x-5)2 =121

4. 9x2 = 0 12. ( x + 3)2 = 9

5. 5x2- 15=0 13. x2 =32

6. 2x2- 144=0 14. (2x- 3)2 = 25

7. ( x + 3)2 = 9 15. ( 4x – 9)2= 6

8. 4x2 -100 =0

Boom!!!We
find the
stone!

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Who Belong to the Group?
Directions: Solve all the quadratic equations by factoring then group
them by three compose of the quadratic equation, factor and the roots.

(x+4)(x-3) 2x²+9x+9= X=6,x=-3 X=-3/2,x=-3

0
X=-4,x=-3
x²-2x-8=0 x²+x-12=0 x²-3x-18=0

X=4,x=-2
(2x+3)(x+3) 2x²+3x+1=
0
(x-4)(x+2)
X=-1/2,x=-1 (x-6)(x+3)
(2x+1)(2x+1)

Quadratic Equation Factor Roots

Fill in the constant that will make the trinomial a perfect square.
Write the letter of the answer in the box below corresponding
to the item number.( Use completing the square method.)

Who is the father of algebra ?

1. x2 -4x + _______ T : 36

2. x2+10x + ______ H:4

1

3. x2 + 6x + ______
I:9
4. x2-14x +______ D:4

5. x2 +12x + ______ 49
O: 4

6. x2- 3x +_______
S: 25
7. x2 + 9x + ______
A : 49
8. x2 +5x + ______ 9
P:
4
9. x2 –x + _______
25
U:
4
10. x2 -7x + ______
81
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 1 3 10 6 9 4 7 5 8 2

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on space before each number.

____1. You can answer a quadratic equation in the form of ax²+c=0 by?
A. Isolating C. Extracting the Square Roots
B. Elimination D. Divide both by a

____2. What is the form of quadratic equation when b=0?

A. ax²+c=0 C. ax²+bx+c=0
B. ax²+b+c=0 D. ax²+bx+cx=0

____3. Which of the following is equal to x² = 100?

A. 10 C. -10,-10
B.-10 D. 10,-10
____4. What are the factors of the quadratic equation x² – 6x = - 8?
A. (x + 4) (x – 2) C. (x + 4) (x + 2)
B. (x - 4) (x - 2) D. (x – 4) (x + 2)
____5. One of the roots of 2x²-5x-3=0 is -1/2 what is the other root?
A. 3 C. 5
B. -3 D. -5

___6. Which of the following is equal to x² -121= ?

A. 11 C. -11,-11
B.-11 D. 11,-11

___7. It is important that in factoring you set first the equation in_________.
A. standard form C. substituting the given
C. factored form D. all of the above

B. Solve for the roots of the following equations by :

Factoring Extracting the Square Roots

10. x2 - 8x +20 =13 8. 5x2- 50 = 75
11. x ( x-8 ) =-15 9. (2x-6)2 - 144 =0

Completing the Square Quadratic Formula

12. x2 +8x -8 =0 14. 3 m 2 + 7m =2
13. 4 x2 + 5x -8 = 0 15. 6r2 + 13r =-6
16.
17. x ( x-8 ) =-15

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Use the situation below to answer the questions that follow.

Mr. Dantes would like to construct a new house with a floor area of 72m2.
He asked an architect to prepare a floor plan that shows the following :

a. 2 bedrooms d. comfort room

b. Living room e. kitchen
c. Dining room f. Laundry area

1. Suppose you were the architect asked by Mr. Dantes to prepare a

floor plan. How will you do it ? Draw the floor plan .

2. Formulate as many quadratic equations using the floor plan that you
prepared . Solve the equations using the quadratic formula.

Yes , I did it! What a

great experience !

4.(2x+3)(x+3);-3,- 3
M Y FAVORITE SUBJ. 3.(x-6)(x+3);6,-3
2.(x+4)(x-3);-4,3
ACTIVITY 1
);4,-2

DIOPHANTUS
ACTIVITY 3
1.(x-4)(x+2
ACTIVITY 2

8. { 7, 1}
2 3
, } 15. { 7. C
−3 −2
6
x= 14. 6. D
−7±√73
13. x=8 A 5.
12. x=20 D 4.
11. {9, 3} D 3.
10. { 5,-5} C 2.
Students’ answer may vary. 9. { -15, -7} C 1.
ENRICHMENT CARD ASSESSMENT CARD

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Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’ Materials First Edition , p.63

Tizon, Lydia and Ulpina , Jisela Naz, JO-ES Publishing House , Math Builders
2007, Valenzuela City , pp. 70-96

http://www.math.tutorvista.com/algebra/quadraticequation.html
http://www.math-only-math.com/solving -quadratic-equations.html
http://www.Purplemath.com/modules/solvquad2.html

Great Job!
Excellent

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