(FIVE DAY COURSE EACH SECTION with Minimum one Example Different to each)

YELLOW COlOR are excluded

Course Outline
Linux System Administration
1. Introduction
• Linux Foundation
• Installation
• Distribution Details
• Difference between window and linux
Exercise: List and explain in powerpoint presentation by Logic 10 differences of Windows
and Linux
Exercise : what is the common challenges during installation of Linux and how to resolves ?
Akmal
Exercise: Linux Distribution, flavours, version concepts and difference.
Exercise : How can we change main display message while booting linux ? Attiq
Exercise : Differentiate between cron and anacron? Khalil.
What is know about grep commands? Khalil
Exercise: Hardware software Raid. Different raid levels and their criteria of selection? Azfar 
Why is Linux considered as more secure than other operating systems?
What is  LILO?
2. Linux Filesystem Tree Layout
• FHS Linux Standard Directory Tree
• root (/) directory
• /bin
• /boot
• /dev
• /etc
• /home
• /lib and /lib64
• /media
• /mnt
• /opt
• /proc
• /sys
• /root
• /sbin
• /srv 
• /tmp
• /usr
• /var
• /run
Exercise 1: Create a new command which shows files in dir alphabetically order and named
this command, “listcheckme”, place this in a dir where a non root user can access it directly
 Exercise 2: Explain in PPT whats difference in /bin and /sbin
Exercise 3: Explain Directory Permissions and how to change? Akmal
Exercise 4 : How do you get the largest file/Directory? Naser
Exercise 5: How will you sync files and remove them after copied on remote host? Naser
Exercise 6: How will you rename multiple files with single command ? Naser
Exercise 7: How will you replace a string in multiple files ? Naser  
3. Package Management Systems
• Software Packaging Concepts
• RPM (Red Hat Package Manager)
• DPKG (Debian Package)
• Revision Control Systems
Exercise 1: Explain in detail Debian Packages system , what are commands (describe
minimum 10 key switches), MUST INCLUDE ALL configuration backend files/db consulted
when checking for latest version , where are downloaded packages are cached and stored

Exercise 2 : How to install a software through dpkg? Akmal

Exercise 3: Create a local repository over network using ISO image and install packages from
this repos on test machine. Attiq

4. Package Installers
• Package Installers
• yum
• zypper
• APT
Exercise 1 : How to change repo and where it is exists in filesystem? What is difference
between archive, oldstable etc. Akmal
Exercise 2: We have a machine over network where we don't have internet so we cannot
install package on that machine using apt-get. Please explain how can we install a package
on a machine without internet access with all its dependencies. Install lynx package on such
machine. Attiq

5. System Monitoring
• System Monitoring
• Process Monitoring
• Memory Monitoring 
• Network Monitoring
• I/O Monitoring
• I/O Scheduling **
• System Log File
Exercise :1 How to monitor Current Hard Drive read writes without impacting system loads,
describe 3 methods for it and compare 3 for better efficiency and load.

Exercise 2: how to monitor current network ? define at least 2 method to check packets on a
specific interface? Akmal
 Exercise 3: Rotate a log file (eg) apache.log after reaching size of 5 MB. Attiq
Exercise 4: How will you monitor multiple log files with single command ? Naser
Exercise 5: Share at least 2 methods to execute commands after every ten seconds? Naser
Exercise 6: How will you terminate multiple process with single command ? Naser 
Exercise 7: How will you list top 10 process sorted by memory usage?Naser
Exercise 8: show processes with highest latencies? Azfar

6. Linux Filesystems
• File System Basics
• Virtual File System (VFS)
• Available Filesystems
• Filesystem Concepts
• Disk and Filesystem Usage
• Extended Attributes
• Different filesystems and detail
Exercise 1: Define Extended Attribute which let you monitor file change alert on every change
how to enable disable it
Exercise 2: create 3 different partitions with 3 different file system and demonstrate their read
and write speed difference.

Exercise 3: How many filesystem that supports linux and which is fastest ? Akmal
Exercise 4: Please give short overview about file systems ext2,ext3,ext4,xfs. Moreover please
explain which file system allows us to disable file system check while booting. Attiq

7. More on Linux Filesystems

• Creating and formatting file systems
• Checking and Repairing Filesystems
• Mounting filesystems
• automount
• Swap
• Filesystem Quotas **
Exercise 1: Implement write Quota on a user so he can not save more than 5 GB.
Exercise 2: Can you extend Root file system without damaging the system how demonstrate
Exercise 3 : What is swap and what is the purpose of this ? Akmal

Exercise 4: Please write a short shell script that automatically detects swap in machine and
check if same amount of memory available removes swap otherwise display “Swap cannot be
removed”. Attiq
            Exercise 4:  Is it possible to increase swap partition? If yes then how? Khalil
8. LVM and RAID
• Logical Volume Management (LVM)
• Volumes and Volume Groups
• Working with Logical Volumes
 • Resizing Logical Volumes
• LVM Snapshots **
• RAID **
• RAID Levels **
• Software RAID Configuration **
Exercise 1: Expand lvm with new data for running vm and vm should see this space without
rebooting

Exercise 2 : How many Raid Levels and what is the difference between these levels ? Akmal

Exercise 3: Please explain method to resize the LVM on xfs file system. Attiq
Exercise 4 :What is the procedure you follow to extend a LVM partition? Khalil

9. Kernel Services and Configuration

• Kernel Overview
• Kernel Configuration
• sysctl
• Kernel Modules
• Module Utilities
• Module Configuration
• udev and Device Management
Exercise 1: Demonstrate a Kernel compilation with minimum drivers and features so it can
not be further reduce (if some one reduce it further you are failed), Boot with new kernel and
show “Sound”, “network communication”  and different keyboards/mouse
Exercise 2: How can we list all kernel modules loaded. Also give command to enable and
disable any specific modules from kernel. Eg sound module. Attiq
Exercise 3: What is the command to view all the kernel parameters? Khalil

10.Virtualization Overview
• Introduction to Virtualization
• Emulation
• Hypervisors
• libvirt
• QEMU
• KVM
11. Containers Overview
• Containers
• Docker
• Docker Commands

Exercise 1: Explain a short difference between linux containers and docker containers. Attiq
            Exercise 2 : what are the different types of virtualization ? Khalil.
            Exercise 3 : What is Dom0 in Xen? Khalil
12.User and Group Account Management
• User Accounts
• Management
• Passwords
• Restricted Shells and Accounts **
• The root Account
• Group Management
• SSH
• PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules)
• Authentication Process
• Configuring PAM
• LDAP Authentication **
• File Permissions and Ownership
Exercise 1: Give read access only to two users, none other user can read file 
Exercise 2: How to create a user without its home directory and where its password stored ?
Akmal
Execrise 3 : Describe the root account ? Khalil
Exercise 4: How will you connect with any server without giving password.Please share it
with all details. Naser
Exercise 5: How will you run process with root user for some other user? Naser
Execise 6: How will you change default port of ssh  to avoid any attacks?  Naser
Execise 7: Create a priviledged user having all the privileges except su command. How will
he work?

13.Networking
• IP Addresses
• Hostnames
• Network Devices
• ip and ifconfig
• Network Configuration Files
• Network Manager
• Routing
• DNS and Hostname Resolution
• PACKET LIFE CYCLE INSIDE LINUX MACHINE
• Network Diagnostics
Exercise 1: demonstrate 3 different methods to assign/remove and change ip address of
interface
Exercise 2: How to add Route in Linux and what is purpose to add route? Akmal
Exercise 3: Demonstrate at least 3 different ways to check traffic on any network interface?
Naser
Excercise 4: Create a subinterface of a physical interface and assign IP address?
Exercise 5: Building a NAT gateway system that provided dynamic IP allocation and
firewalling for clients behind the NAT boundary. (Hashim)
 14.Firewalls 
• Firewalls
Interfaces
• firewalld
• Zones
• Source Management
• Service and Port Management
Exercise 1 : How to add rules in linux firewall ? add atleast 2 rules ? Akmal
Exercise 2 : How to check open ports on machine? Khalil.
Excercise 3: Demonstrate netstat, iostat and vmstat.
Excercise 4: Demonstrate htop, top, iftop, nethogs, iptraf, tcpdump.

15.System Startup and Shutdown

• Understanding the Boot Sequence
• System Configuration Files in /etc
• Shutting down/Rebooting the System
• The Grand Unified Boot Loader
• GRUB Configuration Files
               Exercise 1: Create a new boot option while system start named as “SHABANA” when
booted by SHABANA System should boot with network support only without any gui.
16.Backup and Recovery Methods
• Backup Basics
• cpio **
• tar
• Compression: gzip, bzip2 and xz and Backups
• dd
• rsync
• dump and restore ** 
Exercise 1: Configure your one directory backup to a partner’s laptop which should be
backuped every 10 minutes, no files should be delete from backup
Exercise 2: Configure your backup which should backup on every change of file

Exercise 3: how to take a dd image of a specific size without affecting OS? Akmal
 
17.Linux Security Modules
• Linux Security Modules
• SELinux
• AppArmor
Exercise 1: Allow two new apps to AppArmor which are currently not part of AppArmor
18.Basic Troubleshooting and System Rescue
• Troubleshooting Overview
• Things to Check: Networking
• Boot Process Failures
• Filesystem Corruption and Recovery
 • Virtual Consoles

Exercise 1: How will you check which process is opening maximum number of sockets?  Naser
 Exercise 2: How will you troubleshoot if some scheduled process is not executing on time? Naser

Refremce : https://training.linuxfoundation.org/linux-courses/system-administration-training/linux-system-
administration