Final Requirements Ce 311

I.
The 7 Types of Road Interchanges
1. DIAMOND INTERCHANGE
- A diamond interchange involves four ramps, exiting and entering the
highway. These designs are very economical because, compared to other
options, they require less land and materials.
2. TIGHT DIAMOND INTERCHANGE

- A tight diamond has the same general form as the conventional diamond.
But, as the name suggests, the spacing of the design is tighter. The spacing
between the two at-grade intersections (intersections directing travelers
either onto or off of the arterial) is usually between 250 and 400 feet, says
Hotchkin.
3. SINGLE POINT DIAMOND INTERCHANGE
- The single point diamond interchange is also known as a single point urban
interchange (SPUI). As you can see, SPUIs have only one at-grade
intersection on the minor road. However, according to Hotchkin, they are
more expensive than traditional interchange options due to the need for a
longer, wider bridge. The first SPUI sprang up in 1974 in Clearwater,
Florida.
4. CLOVERLEAF INTERCHANGE
- The cloverleaf design eliminates the need for traffic signals and keeps
motorists moving. However, weaving is a problem that may lead to a
breakdown in traffic operation and more accidents. The cloverleaf was the
first interchange design constructed in the United States. It was built in
Woodbridge, New Jersey in 1928.
5. DIRECTIONAL INTERCHANGE
- The directional interchange design often requires less right of way than a
cloverleaf design. The primary disadvantage is increased cost because of
the need for multiple-level structures. Directional interchanges are often
warranted in certain urban areas where traffic volumes are very high and
high-speed maneuvering is desired.
6. STACK INTERCHANGE
- The stack interchange design eliminates the need for looping and weaving,
making for easier transitions. However, they tend to be costly and take up
a lot of land to implement. The first four-level stack interchange was built
in Los Angeles, around 1952.
7. THREE-LEVEL ROUNDABOUT INTERCHANGE

- This three-level roundabout just outside Leeds, England, is perhaps most
famous for how poorly it works, causing standstills during rush hour. The
interchange was built in the 1970s and has been unable to sustain traffic
loads that pass through the area.
II. The Major Expressways and Highways in

the Philipines
 Major Expressway
 NORTH LUZON EXPRESSWAY
the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) is a four- to eight-lane
limited access toll that links Metro Manila to the northern
provinces of Central Luzon such as Bulacan and Pampanga.
 SOUTH LUZON EXPRESSWAY

South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) or previously known as the South
Superhighway (Manila to Alabang), was first built in 1969. Currently, SLEX
consists of two expressways that link Metro Manila to the CALABARZON
region: Expressway Route 2 or E2 and Radial Road 3 or R-3 of Manila's
arterial road network.
 MANILA CAVITE EXPRESSWAY
- The Coastal Road or commonly known as the Manila–Cavite Expressway or CAVITEX,

is an open road that ranges by about 14 km long. With its starting point situated at the
traffic light intersection with NAIA Road and Roxas Boulevard, this highway stretches
from Bacoor to Kawit exit. CAVITEX was built on two segments which respectively runs
from Cavite to Laguna. This expressway was constructed by the Metro Pacific
Investments Corporation as led by Manny V. Pangilinan.
 Major Highways
 METRO MANILA SKYWAY
- The Metro Manila Skyway happens to be the first fully grade-separated highway in the
Philippines, which helps SLEX and other major thoroughfares relieve heavy traffic. Skyway
Stage 1 was partially opened in October 1999 with its construction started on April 7, 1995.
From 2008 until the present, SOMCO or formally known as Skyway Operations and
Maintenance Corporation took over as the operator. This highway is set to be one of the
longest flyovers in the world.
 EPIFANIO DE LOS SANTOS AVENUE
- Built in 1940 during President Manuel L. Quezon’s term, Epifanio de los Santos
Avenue or EDSA is categorized as a limited-access circumferential highway. It is the
main thoroughfare in Metro Manila which passes from north to south, namely
Caloocan, Quezon City, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, and Pasay.
 MINDANAO AVENUE
- Mindanao Avenue (Filipino: Abenida Mindanao) is an eight-to-ten lane divided

avenue connecting EDSA and NLEX and is a part of Circumferential Road 5 (C-5) in Metro
Manila, Philippines. It is one of the three parallel roads that connects Tandang
Sora and Congressional Avenues (Visayas Avenue and Luzon Avenue were the others); that
is why it was named after the southernmost mainland of the Philippines, Mindanao. It used
to be a 2-kilometer (1.2 mi) highway connecting North Avenue and Congressional Avenue,
but as a part of the C-5 projects, Mindanao Avenue was extended to EDSA in the south and
to Quirino Highway to the north. The new roads opened in 2000

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I.

The 7 Types of Road Interchanges

2. TIGHT DIAMOND INTERCHANGE

3. SINGLE POINT DIAMOND INTERCHANGE

7. THREE-LEVEL ROUNDABOUT INTERCHANGE

II. The Major Expressways and Highways in

 SOUTH LUZON EXPRESSWAY

 MANILA CAVITE EXPRESSWAY

- The Coastal Road or commonly known as the Manila–Cavite Expressway or CAVITEX,

 METRO MANILA SKYWAY

 EPIFANIO DE LOS SANTOS AVENUE

- Mindanao Avenue (Filipino: Abenida Mindanao) is an eight-to-ten lane divided

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