NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and

Functions

Exercise 1.3 Page No: 18

1. Let f : {1, 3, 4} → {1, 2, 5} and g : {1, 2, 5} → {1, 3} be given by
f = {(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 1)} and g = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 1)}. Write down gof.

Solution:

Given function, f : {1, 3, 4} → {1, 2, 5} and g : {1, 2, 5} → {1, 3} be given by

f = {(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 1)} and g = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 1)}

Find gof.

At f(1) = 2 and g(2) = 3, gof is

gof(1) = g(f(1)) = g(2) = 3

At f(3) = 5 and g(5) = 1, gof is

gof(3) = g(f(3)) = g(5) = 1

At f(4) = 1 and g(1) = 3, gof is

gof(4) = g(f(4)) = g(1) = 3

Therefore, gof = {(1,3), (3,1), (4,3)}

2. Let f, g and h be functions from R to R. Show that

(f + g) oh = foh + goh
(f . g) oh = (foh) . (goh)

Solution:

LHS = (f + g) oh

= (f+g)(h(x))

= f(h(x)) + g(h(x))

= foh + goh

= RHS
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and
Functions

Again,

LHS = (f . g) oh

= f.g(h(x))

= f(h(x)) . g(h(x))

= (foh) . (goh)

= RHS

3. Find gof and fog, if

(i) f(x) = | x | and g(x) = | 5x – 2 |

(ii) f(x) = 8x3 and g(x) = x1/3 .

Solution:

(i) f(x) = | x | and g(x) = | 5x – 2 |

gof =(gof)(x) = g(f(x) = g(|x|) = |5 |x| - 2|

fog = (fog)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(| 5x – 2 |) = ||5x – 2|| = | 5x – 2 |

(ii) f(x) = 8x3 and g(x) = x1/3 .

gof =(gof)(x) = g(f(x) = g(8x3) = (8x3 )1/3 = 2x

fog = (fog)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x1/3 ) = 8(x1/3 )3 = 8x

(𝟒𝒙+𝟑)
4. If f(x) = , x ≠ 2/3, Show that fof(x) = x, for all x ≠ 2/3. What is the inverse of f.
(𝟔𝒙−𝟒)

Solution:

(4𝑥+3)
f(x) = , x ≠ 2/3,
(6𝑥−4)
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and
Functions

Therefore, fof(x) = x for all x ≠ 2/3.

Again, fof = I

The inverse of the given function, f is f.

5. State with reason whether following functions have inverse

(i) f : {1, 2, 3, 4} → {10} with
f = {(1, 10), (2, 10), (3, 10), (4, 10)}

(ii) g : {5, 6, 7, 8} → {1, 2, 3, 4} with

g = {(5, 4), (6, 3), (7, 4), (8, 2)}

(iii) h : {2, 3, 4, 5} → {7, 9, 11, 13} with

h = {(2, 7), (3, 9), (4, 11), (5, 13)}

Solution:

(i) f : {1, 2, 3, 4} → {10} with f = {(1, 10), (2, 10), (3, 10), (4, 10)}

f has many-one function like f(1) = f(2) = f(3) = f(4) = 10, therefore f has no inverse.

(ii) g : {5, 6, 7, 8} → {1, 2, 3, 4} with g = {(5, 4), (6, 3), (7, 4), (8, 2)}

g has many-one function like g(5) = g(7) = 4, therefore g has no inverse.

(iii) h : {2, 3, 4, 5} → {7, 9, 11, 13} with h = {(2, 7), (3, 9), (4, 11), (5, 13)}

All elements have different images under h. So h is one-one onto function, therefore, h has an
inverse.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and
Functions

6. Show that f : [–1, 1] → R, given by f (x) = x/(x+2) is one-one. Find the inverse of the
function f : [–1, 1] → Range f.

(Hint: For y ∈ Range f, y = f(x) = x/(x+2), for some x in [–1, 1], i.e., x = 2y/(1-y).

Solution:
Given function: (x) = x/(x+2)
Let x, y ∈ [–1, 1]
Let f(x) = f(y)

x/(x+2) = y/(y+2)
xy + 2x = xy + 2y
x=y
f is one-one.

Again,

Since f : [–1, 1] → Range f is onto

say, y = x/(x+2)

yx + 2y = x

x(1 - y) = 2y

or x = 2y/(1-y)

x = f -1 (y) = 2y/(1-y); y not equal to 1

f is onto function, and f -1(x) = 2x/(1-x).

7. Consider f : R → R given by f(x) = 4x + 3. Show that f is invertible. Find the inverse of

f.

Solution:
Consider f : R → R given by f(x) = 4x + 3

Say, x, y ∈ R

Let f(x) = f(y) then

4x + 3 = 4y + 3
x=y
f is one-one function.
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and
Functions

Let y ∈ Range of f

y = 4x + 3

or x = (y-3)/4

Here, f((y-3)/4) = 4( (y-3)/4) + 3 = y

This implies f(x) = y

So f is onto

Therefore, f is invertible.

Inverse of f is x = f -1 (y) = (y-3)/4.

8. Consider f : R+ → [4, ∞) given by f(x) = x2 + 4. Show that f is invertible with the inverse
f–1 of f given by f–1(y) = √𝒚 − 𝟒 , where R+ is the set of all non-negative real numbers.

Solution:
Consider f : R+ → [4, ∞) given by f(x) = x2 + 4

Let x, y ∈ R → [4, ∞) then

f(x) = x2 + 4 and

f(y) = y2 + 4

if f(x) = f(y) then x2 + 4 = y2 + 4

or x = y

f is one-one.

Now y = f(x) = x2 + 4 or x = √𝑦 − 4 as x > 0

f(√𝑦 − 4 )= (√𝑦 − 4 )^2 + 4 = y

f(x) = y

f is onto function.
Therefore, f is invertible and Inverse of f is f -1 (y) = √𝑦 − 4 .
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and
Functions

9. Consider f : R+ → [– 5, ∞) given by f (x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5. Show that f is invertible with

Solution:

Consider f : R+ → [– 5, ∞) given by f (x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5

Consider f : R+ → [4, ∞) given by f(x) = x2 + 4

Let x, y ∈ R → [-5, ∞) then

f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5 and

f(y) = 9y2 + 6y – 5

if f(x) = f(y) then 9x2 + 6x – 5 = 9y2 + 6y – 5

9(x2 - y2 ) + 6 (x – y) = 0

9{(x-y)(x+ y)} + 6 (x – y) = 0

(x – y) (9)(x+ y) + 6) = 0

either x – y = 0 or 9(x+ y) + 6 = 0

Say x – y = 0, then x = y. So f is one-one.

Now, y = f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5

Solving this quadratic equation, we have

−6±6√𝑦+6 √𝑦+6−1
x= 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 =
18 3

√𝑦+6−1 √𝑦+6−1 2 √𝑦+6−1

So, f(x) = f( ) = 9( ) + 6( )–5
3 3 3

= y + 7 – 2 √𝑦 + 6 + 2 √𝑦 + 6 – 2 – 5 = y

f(x) = y, therefore, f is onto.

√𝑦+6−1
f(x) is invertible and f-1(x) = .
3
 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and
Functions

10. Let f : X → Y be an invertible function. Show that f has unique inverse.

(Hint: suppose g1 and g2 are two inverses of f. Then for all y ∈ Y,fog1(y) = 1Y(y) = fog2(y).
Use one-one ness of f)

Solution:
Given, f : X → Y be an invertible function. And g1 and g2 are two inverses of f.

For all y ∈ Y, we get

fog1(y) = 1Y(y) = fog2(y)

f (g1(y)) = f (g2(y) )

g1(y) = g2(y)

g 1 = g2

Hence f has unique inverse.

11. Consider f : {1, 2, 3} → {a, b, c} given by f(1) = a, f(2) = b and f(3) = c. Find f–1 and
show that (f–1)–1 = f.

Solution:

Consider f : {1, 2, 3} → {a, b, c} given by f(1) = a, f(2) = b and f(3) = c

So f = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 3)}

Hence f-1 (a) = 1, f-1 (b) = 2 and f-1 (c) = 3

Now, f-1 = {(a, 1), (b, 2), (c, 3)}

Therefore, inverse of f-1 = (f-1 )-1 = {(1, a), ( 2, b), ( 3, c)} = f

Hence (f–1)–1 = f.
𝟏
13. If f: R → R be given by f(x) =(𝟑 − 𝒙𝟑 )𝟑 , then fof(x) is

(A) x 1/3 (B) x3 (C) x (D) (3 – x3)

 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 1 Relations and
Functions

Solution:
1
f: R → R be given by f(x) =(3 − 𝑥 3 )3 , then

fof(x) = f(f(x)

Option (C ) is correct.

𝟒𝒙
14. Let f : R – { -4/3 } → R be a function defined as f(x) = . The inverse of f is the
𝟑𝒙+𝟒
map g : Range f → R – { -4/3 } given by

(A) g(y) = 3y/(3-4y) (B) g(y) = 4y/(4-3y)

(C) g(y) = 4y/(3-4y) (D) g(y) = 3y/(4-3y)

Solution:

4𝑥
Let f : R – { -4/3 } → R be a function defined as f(x) = . And Range f → R – { -4/3 }
3𝑥+4

4𝑥
y = f(x) =
3𝑥+4

y(3x + 4) = 4x

3xy + 4y = 4x

x(3y – 4) = -4y

x = 4y/(4-3y)

Therefore, f-1 (y) = g(y) = 4y/(4-3y). Option (B) is the correct answer.