Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

More Examples on Rules of Inference

Jonwille Mark Castro

The Adelphi College, Inc.

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Recall

Rules of Inference:
Modus Ponens (MP): P ∧ (P ⇒ Q) ⇒ Q
Adjoining Premises (AP)
Direct Proof of an Implication (DPI)
Adjunction (Adj): (R ⇒ P) ∧ (R ⇒ Q) ⇔ (R ⇒ P ∧ Q)
Substitution (Sub)
Contradiction (Contra)
Additional Premises:
Pr I: (P ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬P)
Pr II: ¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) ⇒ S
Pr III: ¬¬R ⇔ R
Pr IV: P ⇒ P ∨ R

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 1

Premises: P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T , P
Prove: S ∧ T

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 1

Premises: P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T , P
Prove: S ∧ T
Proof:

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 1

Premises: P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T , P
Prove: S ∧ T
Proof:
1.P (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 1

Premises: P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T , P
Prove: S ∧ T
Proof:
1.P (Pr)
2.P ⇒ P ∨ Q (Pr IV)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 1

Premises: P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T , P
Prove: S ∧ T
Proof:
1.P (Pr)
2.P ⇒ P ∨ Q (Pr IV)
3.P ∨ Q (1, 2, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 1

Premises: P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T , P
Prove: S ∧ T
Proof:
1.P (Pr)
2.P ⇒ P ∨ Q (Pr IV)
3.P ∨ Q (1, 2, MP)
4.P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 1

Premises: P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T , P
Prove: S ∧ T
Proof:
1.P (Pr)
2.P ⇒ P ∨ Q (Pr IV)
3.P ∨ Q (1, 2, MP)
4.P ∨ Q ⇒ S ∧ T (Pr)
5.S ∧ T (3, 4, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ ¬Q (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ ¬Q (Pr)
3.¬Q (1, 2, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ ¬Q (Pr)
3.¬Q (1, 2, MP)
4.S ∨ Q (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ ¬Q (Pr)
3.¬Q (1, 2, MP)
4.S ∨ Q (Pr)
5.¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) (3, 4, Adj)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ ¬Q (Pr)
3.¬Q (1, 2, MP)
4.S ∨ Q (Pr)
5.¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) (3, 4, Adj)
6.¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) ⇒ S (Pr II)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ ¬Q (Pr)
3.¬Q (1, 2, MP)
4.S ∨ Q (Pr)
5.¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) (3, 4, Adj)
6.¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) ⇒ S (Pr II)
7.S (5, 6, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 2

Premises: P ⇒ ¬Q, S ∨ Q
Prove: P ⇒ S
Proof:
1.P (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ ¬Q (Pr)
3.¬Q (1, 2, MP)
4.S ∨ Q (Pr)
5.¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) (3, 4, Adj)
6.¬Q ∧ (S ∨ Q) ⇒ S (Pr II)
7.S (5, 6, MP)
8.P ⇒ S (1, 7, DPI)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)
4.P ⇒ N (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)
4.P ⇒ N (Pr)
5.(P ⇒ N) ⇔ (¬N ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)
4.P ⇒ N (Pr)
5.(P ⇒ N) ⇔ (¬N ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
6.¬N ⇒ ¬P (4, 5, Sub)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)
4.P ⇒ N (Pr)
5.(P ⇒ N) ⇔ (¬N ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
6.¬N ⇒ ¬P (4, 5, Sub)
7.¬P (3, 6, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)
4.P ⇒ N (Pr)
5.(P ⇒ N) ⇔ (¬N ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
6.¬N ⇒ ¬P (4, 5, Sub)
7.¬P (3, 6, MP)
8.¬P ⇒ ¬S (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)
4.P ⇒ N (Pr)
5.(P ⇒ N) ⇔ (¬N ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
6.¬N ⇒ ¬P (4, 5, Sub)
7.¬P (3, 6, MP)
8.¬P ⇒ ¬S (Pr)
9.¬S (7, 8, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 3

Premises: P ⇒ N, ¬P ⇒ ¬S, R ⇒ ¬N
Prove: R ⇒ ¬S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.R ⇒ ¬N (Pr)
3.¬N (1, 2, MP)
4.P ⇒ N (Pr)
5.(P ⇒ N) ⇔ (¬N ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
6.¬N ⇒ ¬P (4, 5, Sub)
7.¬P (3, 6, MP)
8.¬P ⇒ ¬S (Pr)
9.¬S (7, 8, MP)
10.R ⇒ ¬S (1, 9, DPI)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
4.¬Q ⇒ ¬P (2, 3, Sub)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
4.¬Q ⇒ ¬P (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬Q (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
4.¬Q ⇒ ¬P (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬Q (Pr)
6.¬P (4, 5, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
4.¬Q ⇒ ¬P (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬Q (Pr)
6.¬P (4, 5, MP)
7.¬P ∧ R (6, 1, Adj)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
4.¬Q ⇒ ¬P (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬Q (Pr)
6.¬P (4, 5, MP)
7.¬P ∧ R (6, 1, Adj)
8.¬P ∧ R ⇒ S (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
4.¬Q ⇒ ¬P (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬Q (Pr)
6.¬P (4, 5, MP)
7.¬P ∧ R (6, 1, Adj)
8.¬P ∧ R ⇒ S (Pr)
9.S (7, 8, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 4

Premises: P ⇒ Q, ¬P ∧ R ⇒ S, ¬Q
Prove: R ⇒ S
Proof:
1.R (Hyp)
2.P ⇒ Q (Pr)
3.(P ⇒ Q) ⇔ (¬Q ⇒ ¬P) (Pr I)
4.¬Q ⇒ ¬P (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬Q (Pr)
6.¬P (4, 5, MP)
7.¬P ∧ R (6, 1, Adj)
8.¬P ∧ R ⇒ S (Pr)
9.S (7, 8, MP)
10.R ⇒ S (1, 9, DPI)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)
7.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) (5, 6, Adj)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)
7.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) (5, 6, Adj)
8.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) ⇒ P (Pr II)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)
7.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) (5, 6, Adj)
8.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) ⇒ P (Pr II)
9.P (7, 8, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)
7.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) (5, 6, Adj)
8.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) ⇒ P (Pr II)
9.P (7, 8, MP)
10.P ⇒ S (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)
7.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) (5, 6, Adj)
8.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) ⇒ P (Pr II)
9.P (7, 8, MP)
10.P ⇒ S (Pr)
11.S (9, 10, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)
7.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) (5, 6, Adj)
8.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) ⇒ P (Pr II)
9.P (7, 8, MP)
10.P ⇒ S (Pr)
11.S (9, 10, MP)
12.¬S ∧ S (1, 11, Adj)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 5
Premises: P ∨ R, P ⇒ S, R ⇒ S
Prove: S
Proof:
1.¬S (Neg of concl)
2.R ⇒ S (Pr)
3.(R ⇒ S) ⇔ (¬S ⇒ ¬R) (Pr I)
4.¬S ⇒ ¬R (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬R (1, 4, MP)
6.P ∨ R (Pr)
7.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) (5, 6, Adj)
8.¬R ∧ (P ∨ R) ⇒ P (Pr II)
9.P (7, 8, MP)
10.P ⇒ S (Pr)
11.S (9, 10, MP)
12.¬S ∧ S (1, 11, Adj)
13.S (1, 12, Contra)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)
4.¬q ⇒ ¬p (2, 3, Sub)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)
4.¬q ⇒ ¬p (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬q (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)
4.¬q ⇒ ¬p (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬q (Pr)
6.¬p (4, 5, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)
4.¬q ⇒ ¬p (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬q (Pr)
6.¬p (4, 5, MP)
7.¬p ∧ r (1, 6, Adj)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)
4.¬q ⇒ ¬p (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬q (Pr)
6.¬p (4, 5, MP)
7.¬p ∧ r (1, 6, Adj)
8.¬p ∧ r ⇒ s (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)
4.¬q ⇒ ¬p (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬q (Pr)
6.¬p (4, 5, MP)
7.¬p ∧ r (1, 6, Adj)
8.¬p ∧ r ⇒ s (Pr)
9.s (7, 8, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 6

Premises: p ⇒ q, ¬p ∧ r ⇒ s, ¬q, (p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p)

Prove: r ⇒ s
Proof:
1.r (Hyp)
2.(p ⇒ q) ⇔ (¬q ⇒ ¬p) (Pr)
3.p ⇒ q (Pr)
4.¬q ⇒ ¬p (2, 3, Sub)
5.¬q (Pr)
6.¬p (4, 5, MP)
7.¬p ∧ r (1, 6, Adj)
8.¬p ∧ r ⇒ s (Pr)
9.s (7, 8, MP)
10.r ⇒ s (1, 9, DPI)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)
2.n ⇒ ¬j (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)
2.n ⇒ ¬j (Pr)
3.¬j (1, 2, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)
2.n ⇒ ¬j (Pr)
3.¬j (1, 2, MP)
4.¬j ⇒ ¬d (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)
2.n ⇒ ¬j (Pr)
3.¬j (1, 2, MP)
4.¬j ⇒ ¬d (Pr)
5.¬d (3, 4, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)
2.n ⇒ ¬j (Pr)
3.¬j (1, 2, MP)
4.¬j ⇒ ¬d (Pr)
5.¬d (3, 4, MP)
6.¬d ⇒ p (Pr)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)
2.n ⇒ ¬j (Pr)
3.¬j (1, 2, MP)
4.¬j ⇒ ¬d (Pr)
5.¬d (3, 4, MP)
6.¬d ⇒ p (Pr)
7.p (5, 6, MP)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Example 7

Premises: n ⇒ ¬j, ¬j ⇒ ¬d, ¬d ⇒ p

Prove: n ⇒ p
Proof:
1.n (Hyp)
2.n ⇒ ¬j (Pr)
3.¬j (1, 2, MP)
4.¬j ⇒ ¬d (Pr)
5.¬d (3, 4, MP)
6.¬d ⇒ p (Pr)
7.p (5, 6, MP)
8.n ⇒ p (1, 7, DPI)

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)

Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)
More Examples on Rules of Inference

Jonwille Mark Castro

The Adelphi College, Inc.

Jonwille Mark Castro Math 104 (Logic and Set Theory)