‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫‪No. F-14-AAA-0000‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪(PM‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﺮﺍﻧﻲ ؛ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻗﻨﺒﺮﻱ ؛ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺗﻮﻛﻠﻲ‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪[email protected]‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ —ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺳﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﻫﻤﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﺳﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ)ﺳﻴﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪ .(1384 ،‬ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻝ‪.‬ﺩﻓﺖ ) ‪(2006‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻨﺪ ﭼﺸﻢﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ‪ 20‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺪﺭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ � ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫‪F0‬‬

‫ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ)ﺩﻓﺖ‪،‬ﺟﻠﺪ‬

‫‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻭ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ‪.(1385،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻳﻜﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻘﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ � ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ � )ﻧﺖ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ)ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ(‪.‬‬
‫‪F2‬‬ ‫‪F1‬‬

‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﭼﺸﻢ‬

‫‪�(PM‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ)ﺷﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺣﻖ‬ ‫‪F3‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ‪،‬ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﺱ‪،1384،‬ﺹ‪.�(5‬‬
‫‪F4‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪،‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍژﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺠﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻮﻑ ) ‪ (2003‬ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺛﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ؛‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫)‪.(Al-Najjar، Alsyouf:2003‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺷﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪1 Technical Complexity‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ‪ :‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬

‫‪2 Maintenance‬‬
‫‪3Repairs‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪4 Preventive Maintenance‬‬
‫� ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ )‪(Eti، Ogaji، Probert:2006‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (PM‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1393‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪).‬ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ ‪، 1384 ،‬ﺹ ‪ ( 3‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ )ﺩﻓﺖ‪،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪(1385،‬‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ‪،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺮ ﺭﻧﮕﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﻜﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ‬ ‫)ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ)‪. ( Moubray,2000‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ )ﻋﻨﺎ‪،1387 ،‬ﺹ‪.(10‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭ‬
‫‪، 1384‬ﺹ ‪ .(4‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ)ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‪،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ؛ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ؛ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ؛ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﻲ‪،1386،‬ﺹ‪(3‬؛ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪،‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻢ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺳﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ‪ ، 1384 ،‬ﺹ‪. (22‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ؛ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ً ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ )ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ( ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ؛ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ؛ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ]ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ [ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﺸﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ‬
‫)ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪،‬ﺹ‪.(4‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺑﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ )ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ »ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫‪، 1385‬ﺹ ‪.( 102‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ) ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ (‪،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻲ ‪،‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪.2‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ‪،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻲ« ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻫﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﻋﻨﺎ‪،1387 ،‬ﺹ‪.(28‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ‪،‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺲ ﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ )ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪،‬ﺹ ‪(34‬؛ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻔﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (PM‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1393‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻕ ‪،‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ؛ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺍﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﻳﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ)ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ‪،‬ﺋﻲ ‪، 1373،‬ﺻﺺ‪.(21-22‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺎﻳﺺ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻫﺎ )ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ( ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪،1388،‬ﺹ‪.(26‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻛﻼﻥ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ‪،‬ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬
‫ﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻭﺍژﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺩﻳﻒ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‪،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪U‬‬

‫»ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ)ﻧﺖ( ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﻢ«)ﺳﻴﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪،1384،‬ﺹ‪.(23‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪:‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏﺗﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ‬
‫»ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻛﻪ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﻝ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺵ ﺳﺎﺯﻳﻢ«)ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3-1‬ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ(‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫» ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﺴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺑﻘﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻭﻧﻴﺰ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ‬ ‫( ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ) ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺛﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫)ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪،1388،‬ﺹ‪.(25‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (PM‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1393‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ‪،‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻳﺪ« ) ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ‪،‬ﺹ ‪.(33‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﻧﻈﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻫﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ‪،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ( ‪،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﻲ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﮔﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‪،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ( ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ( ‪،‬ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ )ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ(‬
‫‪ ،1‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ)ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ‪،‬ﺹ‪.(23‬‬
‫ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3-2‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻱ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫– ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺒﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ) ﻳﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ( ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪:1‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪.5‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ـ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ـ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺍﻫﻢ ﻳﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪ ) .‬ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ‪،‬ﺋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪( 13‬‬
‫‪U‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ‪،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‪،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻭ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ( ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ؛‬

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‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (PM‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1393‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺩﻭ‪:‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‪،‬ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ( ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺍﻱ )ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ؛‬
‫ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺳﻪ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺳﺮﻣﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‌1383 ،‬ﺹ ‪،(184‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ)ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ( ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ـ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ؛‬
‫ﺷﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ـ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺟﺴﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ .6‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻛﻮﻛﺮﺍﻥ � )‪ (Sekaram,1992,p:333‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ��‪.‬‬
‫‪F9‬‬ ‫‪F8‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻳﺎﺩﺷﺪﻩ ـ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ـ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ � ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬

‫‪F5‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 142‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬
‫‪142‬ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )ﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻲﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ �ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪F6‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻛﺲ‪ ،‬ﭘﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ( ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‪123 ،‬ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻮﺩﺕ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ� ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪F7‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻘﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 30‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻔﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺒﺎﺥ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ‪ SPSS17‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 34‬ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 0/92‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺁﻟﻔﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺒﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫‪ ،(0/86‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ)‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ 39‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 234‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ)‪ (0/87‬ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ)‪.(0/83‬‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ـ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ـ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ‬
‫‪ .7‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ )ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ( ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ـ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ـ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﮕﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﻤﺲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪�Cochran's Sampling Formula‬‬
‫�� ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻮﺭﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﺋﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺁﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻛﻮﻛﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪Applied Research‬‬
‫‪http:// www.alimir20.persianblog.ir/post/22‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪Descriptive Research‬‬
‫‪http://www.mohagheghan.com/post-54.aspx‬‬
‫‪8 Survey Research‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫‪Archive of SID‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (PM‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1393‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ( ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ـ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﺎﻥ ـ ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ‪،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ)ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ( ؛‬

‫)ﻧﺖ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻨﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ)ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ(؛ﻭ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ)ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ؛ﻭ‬
‫"ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ " ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ ( ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ‪،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﺯﺩﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻴﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪. .1‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎﻭﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﺩﺍﺵ ﺩﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ ( ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ؛‬

‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ـ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺟﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ـ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬

‫"ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ " ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ ( ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ؛‬

‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ ( ‪،‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺴﻮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‪.‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ ( ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪ ICT‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬

‫‪ ‬ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ)ﻧﺖ( ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؛ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ؛‬

‫‪ ‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ )ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ( ﺍﺯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ)ﻧﺖ( ﺍﺯ ﺳﺒﻚ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﺪﻛﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺁﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺏ‪.‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬
‫ﻧﻢﻱ ﺷﻮﺩ؛‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (PM‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1393‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ـ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ( ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ـ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ﻭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻧﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻧﺖ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫پ‪.‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ(‬

‫‪ .8‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺧﺬ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺰﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻳﺰ ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻫﺮ ‪»،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫‪.9‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )ﻧﺖ( ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ« ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ ﻧﻬﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪.1385 ،‬‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫‪ .10‬ﭘﺎﺭﺳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ؛» ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ«‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻩﺏﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ؛ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭ‪‬ﻝ‪،‬؛ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‪.1379 ،‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫‪» .11‬ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻕﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺃﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ « ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺃﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺁﺫﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻩ ‪.1382‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪.‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

‫‪ .12‬ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ‪،‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪ؛"ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻲ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ؛‬
‫ﺩﻳﺴﭙﺎﭼﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﻠﻲ "‪،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‪،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‪.1388 ،‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪ .13‬ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ؛ »ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻳﺰﺩ« ‪،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ؛ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ‪،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪.1384‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫‪ .14‬ﺟﺮﻱ ﺁﺗﻮﻭﺩ؛ )ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﭘﻮﺭ ﻋﻄﺎ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ(‪» ،‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ)ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺮ( ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ«‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪.1371 ،‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ .15‬ﺣﺎﺝ ﺷﻴﺮﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ؛ »ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ )‬ ‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ («‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺸﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﺰﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﺋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪. 1379‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻔﺎﻱ ﻧﻘﺶ‬
‫‪ .16‬ﺣﺎﺝ ﺷﻴﺮﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ؛»ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮ «‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﭼﺎپ ﺍﻭﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ‪.1377‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻩ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫"‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ .17‬ﺩﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻝ؛‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫ﭼﺎپ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪.1385 ،‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ)‪ (PM‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻬﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ – ‪ 1393‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪ .28‬ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﺎﻋﻲ؛»ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ‬ ‫"‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫"ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ .18‬ﺩﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻝ؛‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ) ‪ ،«(CBRM‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺳﺎﺋﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺮﺍﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ)ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻴﺮ(‪.1387 ،‬‬ ‫ﭼﺎپ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪.1385 ،‬‬

‫‪ .29‬ﻭﺍﻳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺋﻲ ؛ »ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ‪،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ‪،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬ ‫‪ .19‬ﺭﺿﺎﻳﻴﺎﻥ ‪.‬ﻋﻠﻲ ؛»ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ«‪.،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ«‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ‪،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻤﺖ‪،‬ﭼﺎپ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ‪.1373‬‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪.1380،‬‬

‫‪ .30‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻏﻼﻣﺤﺴﻴﻦ؛» ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ .20‬ﺳﺮﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﺮﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺿﻼﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﺁﮔﻪ‪.1383،.‬‬
‫ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻧﺸﺮﻗﻲ«‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫‪ .21‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ؛»ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫"‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ«‪،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ ‪.1385 .‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‪،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪.1384‬‬
‫‪Al-Najjar Basim, Imad Alsyouf” Selecting the most efficient‬‬ ‫‪.31‬‬
‫‪maintenance approach using fuzzy multiple criteria decision‬‬ ‫‪ .22‬ﺳﻴﺪﺗﻘﻴﺎ ‪،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﺎﺟﻲ؛ »ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬
‫‪making, Int. J. Production Economics 84 (2003) 85–100‬؛‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ«‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫‪Krejcie, Robert V., Morgan, Daryle W.,(1970), “Determining‬‬ ‫‪.32‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‬
‫‪Educational and ,”Sample Size for Research Activities‬‬
‫‪Measurement 1970. Psychological‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‪،‬ﺳﺎﻝ‪.1388‬‬
‫‪Ludwing Von Bertalanffy , "General Systems Theory,' Year‬‬ ‫‪.33‬‬
‫‪Book of The Society for General Systems Research , 1956.‬‬ ‫‪ .23‬ﻋﺒﺪﺻﺒﻮﺭ ‪،‬ﻓﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ؛» ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡﻣﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ‬
‫‪Moubray.J,''Maintenance‬‬ ‫‪Management-A‬‬ ‫‪New‬‬ ‫‪.34‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪﺳﺎﻻﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ )ﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ(« ‪،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫‪Paradigm''.2000‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻲ ‪،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ‬
‫‪" M.C. Eti, S.O.T. Ogaji, S.D. Probert" Reducing the cost of‬‬ ‫‪.35‬‬
‫‪preventive maintenance (PM) through adopting a proactive‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‪،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻲ‪،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪.1387‬‬
‫–‪reliability-focused culture, Applied Energy (2006)83 1235‬‬
‫‪1248‬؛‬ ‫‪ .24‬ﻋﻨﺎ‪،‬ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ؛»ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ) ‪ (PM‬ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻓﻮﻕ‬
‫‪Robert J.Mockler, "The Systems Approach to Business‬‬ ‫‪.36‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ) ‪ (1382-1385‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ‪ TPM‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ‬
‫‪Organization and Decision Making,"California Management‬‬
‫‪Review,No.2,1963.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ«‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‪،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫‪Sekaram, Uma.(1992), Research Methods for Business a skill‬‬ ‫‪.37‬‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‪.1388 ،‬‬
‫‪building approach, John willey 8 sons, ed.2‬؛‪.‬‬
‫‪ .25‬ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﻴﻦ؛ » ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪www.alimir20.persianblog.ir/post/22‬‬ ‫‪.38‬‬
‫‪www.mohagheghan.com/post-54.aspx‬‬ ‫‪.39‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﻕ «‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‪،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪.1382‬‬

‫" ﺍﻟﮕﻮ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫‪ .26‬ﻣﻌﻴﻨﻲ ‪،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ‪،‬ﮔﻠﺒﺎﺑﻚ ﺭﺍﻭﺷﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﻪ ﺯﻳﻨﺎﻟﻲ؛‬

‫" ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻧﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.1385،‬‬

‫‪ .27‬ﻧﮕﺎﻫﺪﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ؛» ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻋﻠﻞ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ)ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ( «‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬
‫‪،‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪.1388‬‬

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