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    GSM Overview

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    Sudeepta Saha
    GSM is a digital mobile telecommunication system that provides voice and limited data services using digital modulation. It operates in different frequency bands and can be used by electronic devices to collect and send data to a central location using SMS or a data call. GSM networks consist of mobile stations, a base station subsystem that controls radio links, and a network and switching subsystem for mobility management and call switching. SMS is a unique feature of GSM that allows short messages to be sent between subscribers or in a cell broadcast mode to transmit messages like traffic updates.

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    GSM Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sudeepta Saha
    67 views6 pages
    GSM is a digital mobile telecommunication system that provides voice and limited data services using digital modulation. It operates in different frequency bands and can be used by electronic devices to collect and send data to a central location using SMS or a data call. GSM networks consist of mobile stations, a base station subsystem that controls radio links, and a network and switching subsystem for mobility management and call switching. SMS is a unique feature of GSM that allows short messages to be sent between subscribers or in a cell broadcast mode to transmit messages like traffic updates.

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    GSM is a digital mobile telecommunication system that provides voice and limited data services using digital modulation. It operates in different frequency bands and can be used by electronic devices to collect and send data to a central location using SMS or a data call. GSM networks consist of mobile stations, a base station subsystem that controls radio links, and a network and switching subsystem for mobility management and call switching. SMS is a unique feature of GSM that allows short messages to be sent between subscribers or in a cell broadcast mode to transmit messages like traffic updates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    67 views6 pages

    GSM Overview

    Uploaded by

    Sudeepta Saha
    GSM is a digital mobile telecommunication system that provides voice and limited data services using digital modulation. It operates in different frequency bands and can be used by electronic devices to collect and send data to a central location using SMS or a data call. GSM networks consist of mobile stations, a base station subsystem that controls radio links, and a network and switching subsystem for mobility management and call switching. SMS is a unique feature of GSM that allows short messages to be sent between subscribers or in a cell broadcast mode to transmit messages like traffic updates.

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    GSM – AN OVERVIEW

    GSM, Global System for Mobile communications, is today the most


    successful digital mobile telecommunication system. This second-
    generation (2G) system provides voice and limited data services and
    uses digital modulation with improved audio quality.

    The different versions of GSM are:

    1. GSM 900 band (850-915MHz up-link frequency and 935-


    960MHz downlink frequency)

    2. GSM 1800 band or digital cellular system (DCS) 1800 band


    (1710-1785MHz up-link frequency and 1805-1880MHz downlink
    frequency)

    3. Personal Communication service (PCS) 1900 band (1850-


    1910MHz up-link frequency and 1930-1990MHz downlink
    frequency)

    GSM Mobile communication system can be intelligently used by


    electronic devices that can collect some data and send it to the central
    place using SMS or GSM data call. It’s required In-Vehicle Tracking
    Systems because GPS (Global Positioning System) can normally only
    receive location information from the satellites but cannot communicate
    back with them. Hence we need some other communication system like
    GSM to send this location information to the central control room. Other
    technologies can also be used but they are more costly.

    GSM Network Architecture

    GSM Network consists of three main parts:

    • Mobile Station (MS) carried by the subscriber

    • Base Station Subsystem (BSS) controls radio link with mobile


    station

    • Network & Switching Subsystem (NSS) mobility management


    and switching of calls between mobile users, and between mobile and
    fixed network users.

    Mobile Station consists of:

    • Mobile Equipment (ME) such as hand portable and vehicle


    mounted unit

    • Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), which contains the entire


    customer related information (identification, secret key for
    authentication, etc).

    Base Station Subsystem consists of:


    • Base Transceiver Station (BTS) defines a cell and is responsible
    for radio link protocols with the Mobile Station

    • Base Station Controller (BSC) controls multiple BTSs and


    manages radio channel setup, and handovers. The BSC is the
    connection between the Mobile Station and Mobile Switching Center.
    Figure 1. Layout of generic GSM network
    Network and Switching Subsystems consists of:

    • Mobile Switching Center (MSC) is the central component of the


    NSS. Operates all switching functions for the mobiles within its
    jurisdiction. Interface between mobile and other (including fixed)
    network. Its functions:

    • Manages the location of mobiles

    • Switches calls

    • Manages Security features

    • Controls handover between BSCs

    • Resource management

    • Interworks with and manages network databases

    • Collects call billing data and sends to billing system

    • Collects traffic statistics for performance monitoring

    Network Databases – Home Location Register and Visitor Location


    Register together with MSC provides the call routing and roaming
    capabilities of GSM.

    • Home Location Register (HLR) contains all the subscriber


    information for the purposes of call control, and location
    determination. There is logically one HLR per GSM network,
    although it may be implemented as a distributed database.

    • Visitors Location Register (VLR) is only a temporary storage


    while the particular subscriber is located in the geographical area
    controlled by the MSC/VLR. Contains only the necessary information
    provision of subscribed services.

    • Authentication Center (AuC) is a protected database that stores


    the security information for each subscriber (a copy of the secret key
    stored in each SIM).

    • Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is a list of all valid mobile


    equipment on the network.

    SMS is one of the unique features of GSM compared to older analog


    systems. For point-to-point SMS, a message can be sent to another
    subscriber to the service, and an acknowledgment of receipt is sent to the
    sender. SMS also can be used in Cell Broadcast mode to send messages
    such as traffic or news updates. Messages can be stored on the SIM card
    for later retrieval. SMS is effective because it can transmit short
    messages within 3 to 5 s via the GSM network and doesn’t occupy a
    telephony channel. Moreover, the cost savings makes it a worthwhile
    choice. With SMS transmitting, gathering position data is easy and
    convenient.

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