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A Taste of C++: 7.1 The Function 7.2 The and Streams 7.3 Comments 7.4 References

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45 views9 pages

A Taste of C++: 7.1 The Function 7.2 The and Streams 7.3 Comments 7.4 References

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KMC Nisaan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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© Christian Jacob

Chapter 7

A Taste of C++

7.1 The Function main()


7.2 The cout and cin Streams
7.3 Comments
7.4 References

Chapter Overview
Page 2 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

7.1 The Function main()

#include <iostream.h>

void main()
{
int pounds;
float kilos;

cout << “How many pounds do you weigh?”;


cin >> pounds;

kilos = pounds / 2.2;

cout << “You weigh “ << kilos;


cout << “ kilos” << endl;
}

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Page 3 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

Top-level Diagram for Simple C++ Programs and Directives

directive

simple C++ simple


program main function

directive # include

< “

system file name local file name

> “

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Page 4 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

Syntax Diagram for Simple main() Function

simple void main compound


main function () statement

compound
statement { }

declaration statement

statement expression ;

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Page 5 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

Syntax Diagram for Type Declarations

declaration

type identifier ;

const = expression

type

int float double char other


types

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Page 6 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

7.2 The cout and cin Streams

Streams

Hello, Universe!
Hello, Universe!

cout

cin

C++ program:

<< “Hello, Universe!” << endl;


>> pounds;

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Page 7 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

The objects cout and cin are streams, structures that hold data
temporarily.

Cout and cin are declared in the header file iostream.h.


• cout is an object of type ostream.
- It acts as a buffer or holding place, that accepts output from a
program and eventually causes it to appear on the screen.
- The insertion operator, <<, puts data into the output buffer.
• cin is an object of type istream.
- It acts as a buffer that retrieves data from the keyboard and
provides it, piece by piece, to the program.
- The extraction operator, >>, gets data from an input stream.
• The operators << and >> are defined to cascade:

cin >> pounds >> kilos;


cout << “Weight: ”<<kilos<<“ kilos”<<endl;

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Page 8 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

7.3 Comments

/*----------- poundsToKilos.cc -----------------------


Converts pounds, entered as a whole number,
to kilograms.
Programmer: Christian Jacob, 10/05/2000
----------------------------------------------------*/
#include <iostream.h>

void main()
{
int pounds; // weight in pounds (user input)
float kilos; // metric weight -- real number (output)

cout << “How many pounds do you weigh?”; // on screen


cin >> pounds; // input from keyboard

kilos = pounds / 2.2; // pounds to kilos conversion

cout << “You weigh “ << kilos; // screen output


cout << “ kilos” << endl;
} // end of main()

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Page 9 Chapter 7: A Taste of C++ © Christian Jacob

7.4 References

• G. Blank and R. Barnes, The Universal Machine, Boston, MA: WCB/


McGraw-Hill, 1998. Chapters 3.1 and 3.2.3.

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