Is 9180

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 7

Y BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48

(103.27.8.45) VALID UPT

IS 9180 : 2011
(Reaffirmed 2016) 

SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPTO31/01/2022
 
Hkkjrh; ekud
(Reaffirmed 2015) 
bZèku – Tofyr HkfV~V;ksa osQ dk;Zdkfjrk  
fuèkkZj.k osQ fy, vis{kk,¡ (Reaffirmed 2014) 

( nwljk iqujh{k.k )  

(Reaffirmed 2013) 

 
Indian Standard
(Reaffirmed 2012) 
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE
 
RATING OF FUEL – FIRED FURNACES
(Reaffirmed 2011) 
( Second Revision )
 

(Reaffirmed 2010) 

 
ICS 25.180
(Reaffirmed 2009) 

(Reaffirmed 2008) 

(Reaffirmed 2007) 

(Reaffirmed 2006) 

(Reaffirmed 2005) 

© BIS 2011
B U R EAU O F I N D IAN STAN DAR D S
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

May 2011 Price Group 2


Y BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPT

SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPTO31/01/2022
Industrial Fuel-Fired Furnaces Sectional Committee, MTD 26

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Industrial Fuel-Fired Furnaces Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical
Engineering Division Council.

This standard was first published in 1979 and later revised in 1991. As a result of experience gained in
implementation of this standard, it has been decided to revise this standard.

In an industrial fuel-fired furnace there are many performance parameters. Depending on the type, design and
functional requirements of the furnace, some of the parameters are more relevant for assessing the suitability
of the furnace for a particular use. Therefore, in assessing the performance rating, the aim should be to fix up
technically correct and functionally appropriate performance parameters and to control their correctness by
suitable tests. In this revision, supplementary information has been provided, for properly assessing the
performance rating of furnaces.

This standard gives guidance for conducting ‘Acceptance Tests’ on a newly installed furnace for
demonstrating satisfactory performance according to the agreement between the supplier and the user, and
for conducting ‘Performance Tests’ by a furnace user to check its capability.

For the purpose of decided whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
Y BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPT

IS 9180 : 2011

SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPTO31/01/2022
Indian Standard
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE
RATING OF FUEL – FIRED FURNACES
( Second Revision )

1 SCOPE section and grade is agreed upon;


This standard lays down the methods of describing b) Percentage hearth coverage wherever
and measuring the performance characteristics of applicable;
fuel-fired industrial furnaces, using solid, liquid, c) Temperature of material charged and
gaseous or a combination of these fuels. This discharged with acceptable tolerance limits
standard does not apply to electrical furnaces. for variation between the coldest and the
2 TERMINOLOGY hottest portion of the charge;
d) Heating conditions as well as heating cycles,
For the purpose of this standard, the following
definitions shall apply. if any; and
e) Any other item specific to the furnace.
2.1 Acceptance Tests — Tests carried out on a
newly installed furnace for demonstrating 3.1.1.1 Based on the specified and reference charge
satisfactory performance, according to the agreement size ( to be specified in the contract), the tests for
between the user and the supplier of furnace. acceptance of satisfactory performance with respect
Acceptance tests are generally aimed at checking or to throughput or rated output capacity of a furnace
verifying the warranties or guaranteed performance should fulfil or exceed the warranted or guaranteed
parameters agreed upon in the contract and are to be values.
carried out by the furnace supplier in presence of
3.1.2 Heat/Fuel Consumption
the user for the purpose of acceptance of the furnace
by the user. The heat consumption is defined with respect to the
2.2 Performance Tests — Tests carried out by a specified throughput or rated output capacity
furnace user to check its capability on the basis of (considered to be continuous output for a specified
performance data to be expected when the furnace is reference charge and for a given heating cycle or
in operation. period). The heat/fuel consumption of a furnace
should be indicated in terms of kcal/kg or Gcal/tonne
3 SCHEDULE OF TEST of material charged into the furnace for a given
3.1 Acceptance Tests throughput or rated output capacity. Fuel
consumption for liquid fuels may also be specified
In keeping with the purpose of the furnace, both the in kg/tonne, for solid fuel in kg/tonne and for
user and the supplier should agree to include, those gaseous fuels in Nm3 / tonne of material charged in
primary performance parameters of the furnace as the furnace at throughput or rated output capacity.
warranties/guarantees which have more technical and
economic function. Acceptance tests should be 3.1.2.1 The consumption of auxiliary energy such
conducted to establish or prove such primary as electric power, compressed air, steam used for
performance parameters as warranted or guaranteed. atomising or heating of fuel and inert gases, etc,
does not form a part of the heat consumption of a
For the above, the following parameters are
recommended. furnace.

3.1.1 Throughput or Rated Output Capacity 3.1.2.2 The heat/fuel consumption is to be fixed for
the exclusive process time of the charge in the
The quantity or effective product heated or treated furnace. This excludes secondary process time such
per unit time, for which the following primary as for heating up or keeping the furnace warm,
performance parameters should be specified in the charging and discharging time of batch furnaces,
contract: flushing or purging with inert gases before and after
a) Size, section or thickness of material and heat treatment etc. In case of hot charge, the heat/
material specification; often a reference size/ fuel consumption can be indicated as a guide and

1
Y BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPT

IS 9180 : 2011

SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPTO31/01/2022
not as a guaranteed where charge temperature varies accepted limit, then this deviation may be
at the inlet of the furnace. accepted].

3.1.2.3 The following parameters should be mutually 3.1.4 Unless otherwise agreed, the temperature
agreed and specified in the contract: variation ( ∆T ) inside the furnace shall be normally
within ±10 o C of the normal temperature to be
a) Reference dimensions. achieved. [During acceptance test if the agreed ∆T
b) Characteristics of fuel to be used (for (temperature uniformity) inside the furnace at the
example its calorific value, impurities, flash rated temperature exceeds the agreed value but the
point, fire point, percentage moisture product (reference charge) is found conforming to
viscosity and other characteristics as the laid down specifications, then this deviation may
appropriate). be accepted by the customer]. However, for specific
c) Temperature of the material charged, cases, the customer and the supplier may agree at a
important especially in case of hot charging different value of the ∆T , inside the furnace.
of material in reheating furnaces. 3.1.5 For materials where the surface quality is of
d) Discharge temperature of material and the prime importance, the composition of the furnace
maximum operating temperature of the atmosphere is to be specified and agreed upon. Mode
furnace with tolerance limits. of checking variation, etc, is to be mutually agreed.
e) Heating conditions as well as heating cycle
3.2 Performance Tests
(time-temperature), if any.
f) Recommended furnace pressure with Tests carried out on the basis of secondary
tolerance limits, including the points for performance parameters should include the
pressure sensing inside the furnace. following:
g) Oxygen content of the furnace atmosphere 3.2.1 Normal and maximum operating temperature of
at a defined location. the furnace.
h) Scale losses wherever applicable.
3.2.2 Flue gas temperature range leaving the furnace
j) Any other item particular to the furnace. at the chimney base or at the entry of the recuperator
3.1.3 Idling/No Load Consumption if any.

If due to any specific application problem or any 3.2.3 Peak production rate and maximum fuel input
other procedural difficulty the heat/fuel consumption in terms of kcal/h which the furnace is capable of
of a furnace cannot be fixed accurately, then the giving.
idling/no load consumption in a furnace charged in 3.2.4 In case any waste heat recovery equipment
batches can be guaranteed for a specific working namely, regenerator/ recuperator/ waste heat boiler,
temperature as the base load of heat/fuel is supplied with the furnace, the following
consumption. information should be supplied:
3.1.3.1 Idling/no load consumption covers the a) Maximum and normal air/fuel gas flow, in
furnace’s inherent losses at a given working Nm3/h;
temperature in a state of thermal balance. The
following should be specified: b) Flue gas temperature entering and leaving
the equipment;
a) Rated working temperature of the furnace; c) Momentary maximum permissible flue gas
b) Climatic conditions external to the furnace and air /fuel gas temperature;
(ambient air temperature, wind velocity, d) Pressure drop on combustion air/fuel gas
radiation from the neighbouring furnace, side and flue gas side, across the equipment;
etc); and and
c) Maximum permissible temperature on the e) Steam evaporation, normal and peak, if
smooth outer casing of the furnace away waste heat boiler is involved, in kg/h.
from burners, any other opening and flue
ports, etc, located close by. [During 3.2.5 Furnace working under externally prepared
acceptance test if the maximum permissible atmosphere gas (protective, reactive, inert) to be
temperature on the smooth outer casing of introduced into the furnace, the following information
the furnace atleast 1 m away from burner, should be furnished:
any other opening and flue ports, etc.
a) Type of atmosphere (gas specification);
located close by (skin temperature) exceeds
than the agreed value but the guranteed fuel b) Maximum requirement of atmosphere gas,
consumption is maintained within the in Nm3 /h;

2
Y BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPT

IS 9180 : 2011

SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPTO31/01/2022
c) Allowable limits or concentration of Acceptance tests should not be carried out on the
undesirable components, if any;. first day, following a full rest day or holiday. The
d) Capacity or output of the generator or date should be fixed according to the design and
facility in terms of basic (process) fuel operating procedure of the furnace as recommended
requirement; by the manufacturers.
e) Method of heating, electricity/ fuel, etc; and 4.2.2 The period of test in a batch operating furnace
f) Utility requirements like fuel, power, water, must be distinctly longer than the time of stay of the
etc. product in a furnace.
3.2.6 Draught conditions on normal and peak 4.2.2.1 In a continuously operating furnace, the
operating conditions for furnace and chimney and/ duration of tests should not be less than the time of
or induced draft fan, if installed. Furnace should stay of the product in the furnace. Test is to be
normally be designed for balanced draught, unless conducted after the furnace has attained a steady
otherwise mentioned. The location of pressure stabilized condition.The duration of the test shall be
tappings should be determined from case to case minimum 8 h.
during testing of furnaces.
4.2.2.2 In an intermittently operating plant the test
3.2.7 Outside surface or skin temperature of the duration should not be less than 8 h. Results should
furnace-casing or shell measured away from burners be based on an average of at least three cycles.
or any other openings and flue ports under steady
normal operation should generally be within 60oC 4.2.2.3 In batch type heat treatment furnaces the
above ambient for furnaces operating above 1 000oC. test may be limited to one complete cycle of heat
treatment. For batch furnaces, the same thermal state
3.2.8 Rate of consumption of utility services, namely should be maintained at the start and end of the tests.
power, water, compressed air, steam, etc.
4.2.3 Depending upon the type of furnace and its
3.2.9 Safety Devices
nature of operation, a pre-test stabilisation period
All safety devices provided should be checked for should be allowed and agreed upon which should
reliability and fail-safe performance, by the supplier however, not form part of the test. The pre-test phase
to the satisfaction of the customer. should as far as possible maintain the conditions
identical to those required for actual test period or
4 MODE OF CONDUCTING THE TESTS phase.
4.1 Responsibility for Conducting the Tests
4.2.3.1 This procedure is more important for
Tests should be performed in the presence of intermittently operating furnaces.
accredited representatives of both the supplier and
4.2.4 Post-test shall also be held under the
the user.
conditions identical to those required for actual test
4.1.1 The test programme should be jointly drawn period or phase. Post-test period shall be mutually
up and signed which should include the purpose agreed upon by user and supplier. Post-test, though
and the scope of the experiments to be conducted, not forming a part of the test, will demonstrate the
measurements to be taken and the measuring and consistency of the furnace performance. But there
regulating instruments/equipment to be used. As far will be no contractual obligation.
as possible, the same instruments/equipment should
be used in continuous operation and for conducting 4.3 Test Procedure
the tests. 4.3.1 Proper records should be kept during the entire
4.1.2 It is recommended that an appropriate clause test period entering various readings taken at brief
covering the cost of the agreed tests to be carried intervals, for example at every 15 min on indicating
out is included in the contract. instruments and at longer interval, say at 30 min.
using recording instrument. All charts/curves plotted
4.2 Duration of Tests from the measurement should be attached to the test
Since acceptance tests are predominantly an exercise report. All such readings and documents should be
in continuous operation, the following points should approved by the contracting parties.
be considered while fixing the programme or schedule
4.4 Measuring Methods
for the tests.
4.4.1 Time and Date
4.2.1 Acceptance tests should generally be
conducted within an agreed specified period of the The charging and discharging time and date for
furnace attaining normal operating temperature. continuously operating furnaces to ascertain the

3
Y BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPT

IS 9180 : 2011

SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPTO31/01/2022
period of stay of the product in the furnace are to be 4.4.4.2 Gaseous fuels
recorded.
It should be determined preferably by Junker’s
For heat treatment furnaces, separate note should calorimeter at a representative spot or by calculation
be kept of heating, soaking and cooling, if any, from the analysis of the gas to be obtained from a
indicating the time temperature relation during the competent authority. The. average of a number of
entire cycle. values/readings spread over the duration should be
taken.
4.4.2 Materials Charged in the Furnace
4.4.5 Fuel/Heat Input/Consumption
Number of pieces, full particulars or specification of
4.4.5.1 For liquid and gas fuels
the material and weight charged should be recorded
in order to determine the throughput capacity which a) By calibrated flow meters as per the standard
is the effective amount of charge heated or treated laid down, and
per unit time.
b) Meter with integrator should be calibrated
4.4.3 Temperature Measurement before and after the test. If recording chart
is provided in place of integrator, it should
It is generally called for when proper assessment of be measured by a plan meter to obtain the
the heating condition of the charge/product is total consumption over the specified period.
considered important and agreed upon in the
contract. Recommendations for measuring 5 ANALYSIS OF TESTS
instruments are given below: 5.1 Correctness of all the measured values should
be checked and mutually approved.
Temperature Measurement Measuring
Method 5.2 Allowable errors in the measured values should
a) On surface of the product also be agreed upon and approved mutually.
(with or without scale/film): 6 TEST REPORT
1) Inside furnace Optical or
A test report should be submitted by the
2) Outside furnace Thermoelectric
representative/representatives responsible for
b) Inside the product within Thermoelectric conducting the test. This should generally include
the furnace (for drilled work the following:
piece with inserted
thermocouple ) a) Object of the test;
b) Mode of conducting the test;
c) Inside the furnace Thermoelectric
chamber at representative c) Specification of the furnace with
locations guaranteed/indicated performance;
d) Test results;
4.4.4 Fuel Properties: Calorific Value
e) Conclusion;
4.4.4.1 Liquid fuels f) Satisfactory functioning of safety devices;
and
It should be determined by a bomb calorimeter by a
g) Annexes — Log sheets, details of materials
competent authority to be mutually agreed upon.
charged, fuel analysis and test reports, etc.
Representative samples should be collected.

4
Y BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPT

Bureau of Indian Standards

SUPPLIED BY BOOK SUPPLY BUREAU UNDER THE LICENSE FROM BIS FOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - DELHI ON 23/07/2021 13:14:48 (103.27.8.45) VALID UPTO31/01/2022
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in course of implementing the standard,
of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be
addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No. : MTD 26 (4729).

Amendments Issued Since Publication


______________________________________________________________________________________
Amendment No. Date of Issue Text Affected
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

{ ______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS


Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones: 2323 0131, 2323 3375, 2323 9402 Website: www.bis.org.in

Regional Offices: Telephones


Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
NEW DELHI 110002 { 2323 7617
2323 3841
Eastern : 1/14, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi
KOLKATA 700054 { 2337 8499, 2337 8561
2337 8626, 2337 9120
Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022
{260 3843
260 9285
Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113
{ 2254 1216, 2254 1442
2254 2519, 2254 2315
Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)
MUMBAI 400093 { 2832 9295, 2832 7858
2832 7891, 2832 7892

Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. DEHRADUN.


FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW.
NAGPUR. PARWANOO. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANATHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM.
K.G. Computers, Ashok Vihar, Delhi

You might also like