EEG205

Electrical Installation

Final Circuits

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

University of Bahrain

1
Outline
 What is a final circuit?
 Type of domestic final circuits
 Lighting circuits
 Socket circuits
 Power circuits

2
What is a final circuit?
lighting circuit

Socket outlets circuit

AC final circuit

Double Pole AC unit

switch

3
Final Circuits
in Domestic Installations
 Final Circuit:
It is one of the outgoing circuits from a distribution board (DB). It
supplies one or more electrical loads (lights, water heaters, AC,
motors, etc) without intervention of another DB.
• Mechanical Protection of final circuits:
All wiring cables must be covered and positioned to
satisfactory protection against external damages
(mechanical impacts, heat, water or high humidity,
corrosion and pollution.)
For protection of cables,
- plastic or stainless-sheath conduit or
- trunking systems
are applied on or under plaster, as well as behind
wall panelling, must be erected vertically or
horizontally or parallel to edges of the interior
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 Ceiling lamp

To DB

Antenna
30 Wall lamps

Switch Socket outlets

30
120

Figure 1 Some typical final circuit wiring in a room.

5
Commonly used Types of
Domestic Final Circuits
 Lighting Final Circuit
 Lighting fixtures
 Fans (ceiling/exhaust fans)
 Door bells
 Socket outlets final circuits
 Radial or Ring
 Circuit feeding fixed power 1.5 mm2
Lighting final circuit

loads DB
Two-way
switching
6A
 Water Heater FC
4.0 mm2 Radial circuit of 13-A
 AC Final Circuits 30 A socket outlets
Double-pole
 Cooker Circuit 20 A 2.5 mm2 switch WH Water heater as
single-point load
Main supply 2.5 mm2
 Control circuits cable from MB.
25 A
Spur
Ring circuit of 13-A
 Fire Alarm FC socket outlets
2.5 mm2

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Spur 13-A socket outlets
Lighting Circuits
(i) Branch Switches (Fig. 2).
■ On domestic installations, switches that control a lamp or a groups of lamps
are usually 5A or 10A single-pole that cut off the line conductor.
■ In circuits carrying heavy currents, 15A or 20A switch should be installed.
■ Installed as surface mounted or semi-recessed or flush type.
■ Available as single- or multi-gang in construction.

Positioning
■ A suitable distance to fix them is in between 1.10 m and 1.30 m (on average
1.20 m) above finished floor level and a minimum distance of 20-30 cm from
edge of the entry door.

(ii) Ceiling Roses

■ A ceiling rose is an efficient method of connecting lighting final circuit to
flexible cord of pendant type lamp and jointing it to cable conductors (Fig. 4)

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Lighting Circuits- cont.

8
 Single pole switches

Ceiling mount
plate L L E
A'
A L E
Two single-pole L

2 ganged switches Insulated

pull-cord
Cross section AA'
Plate
cover

Side view

Twelve single-pole
12 multigrid switches (b)

(a)

Figure 2 (a) Domestic 5-A or 10-A single-pole switches

(b) Pull-cord operated surface mounted single-or double-pole switch.

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(iii) Lampholders
They are used to hold lamps and to keep lamps in contact with the circuit
conductor.
Brass
Cord grip cap

Terminal for
(b) Porcelain
base
wiring
Phosphor-
(a) bronze
screw
Ring for holding connection
lampshade
Pin to press Brass outer
against contacts cover
of bulb
Porcelain
Bayonet slot insulating
ring

Bottom view
showing
terminals

(c)

(a) (b)

Figure 3: Lampholders
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Methods of Controlling
Lighting Circuits
Methods of Controlling Lighting circuits:

1. Controlling of Lighting from one location (point)

Used when one lamp or a group of lamps is
required to be controlled only from one
switch (one control point)
Example: control the lighting of bedrooms,
kitchen, bathroom
Type of switch used: one way switch

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12
Methods of Controlling
Lighting Circuits
Methods of Controlling Lighting circuits:
2. Controlling of lamps from several locations
Used whenever a lamp or group of lamps are
required to be controlled from several locations
lighting of starircase, corridores, rooms with more than one
entrance
Type of switchs: two-way and intermediate switch
are required.
To control lighting from two locations: requires using
2 number of two way switches
To control lighting from 3 locations: requires 2-two
ways switches and 1 intermediate switch
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14
15
 CR CR

WM
Kitchen

Living room
D CR
B
T

CR
CR Hal
T l

CR

Cloa
k
Bedroom

Figure 4: Connection of several lighting final circuits using ceiling rose (CR)
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Lighting Final Circuits
Regulations: RULE(750-5,6)
 Protective device rating: 5 or 10A

 A lighting circuit protected by 10A MCB can supply a

max. of 2000W (i.e. 20 lamps each 100W).
 When 5A MCB is used, a max of 10 lamps (eah
100w) can be connected in one final circuit.
 Cable size: min. 1.5mm2 (2.5mm or greater may
also be employed for supplying points where large
distance or high power fittings are involved

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Socket Outlet Final Circuits
SOCKET OUTLETS and PLUGS
 Socket outlets provide an easy and convenient method of connecting
portable appliances to supply via a plug and a connecting flexible
cable.
 All domestic socket outlets are operating with single-phase a.c supply.

 The socket outlet commonly used in domestic and commercial

premises is the 13 A, 3-pin type with shuttered door.
Front view
Bottom view
Switch
13 A
E cartridge E
fuse
N L N
L

Flexible cord to
Plug equipment
Socket (top view)
outlet
Figure 5 Terminal markings of Brown Blue
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a 13-A socket outlet and a plug. Green/
yellow
Socket Outlets Final Circuits
■ A socket-outlet final circuit may be wired in
2 ways either:
a) ring or,
b) radial
to supply electrical appliance through fused
plugs as shown in Fig 6.

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(a) Radial socket-outlet circuits
Installed in space areas less than 50 m2 restricted to 6 socket-outlets.
Radial socket-outlet final circuit
20 0r 30A

4 mm2
Local PVC cable
DB

(b) Ring socket-outlet circuits

Installed in space areas larger than 50 m2 covering two or three rooms
and restricted to 10 (plus 2 additional spur sockets) socket-outlets
30 A

Local
DB
2.5 mm2
PVC cable Ring socket-outlet final circuit
Spur to ring
socket-outlet FC

To the other
socket outlets

Figure 6 (a) Radial and (b) ring socket-outlet circuits.

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21
 Power
outlet flex

WM
Kitchen
DB 30-A double-pole
Spur of thering power switch
socket-outlet FC

Spur socket
outlet

Ring socket-outlet Hal

WP final circuits l
H

Cloa
k
Bedroom

Figure 7: Layout showing the connection of several socket-outlet final

circuits in ring and radial forms 22
Regulations on 13-A Socket-outlets
 Socket outlet Position (Rule 760-3)
 Socket must be at least 2m from any sink or water tape
or basin (unless approved by ED)
 Socket should be 30cm above finished floor level (FFL)
or work benches
2m
30cm

30cm AFF

Figure 8: Socket outlet locations in a kitchen

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Regulations on 13-A Socket-outlets

 Socket outlet Location

 Sockets should not be mounted at locations where
they are liable to come into physical contact with
fabrics/material that may catch fire due transmission
of heat (e.g. behind curtain)
 No socket outlets shall be in bathrooms or shower
rooms except at reduced voltage level for a shaver
socket outlet (Rule 760-2).
 All sockets in one room shall be connected to one
ring-main circuit.
 In large rooms, sockets should be grouped in phase.
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Regulations on 13-A Socket-outlets
 Socket outlet Location (cont.)
 In a kitchen area a separate circuit may be
considered.
 The number of outlets, location and type will vary
with the room, depending on both design of the
room and the furniture layout.

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Number of sockets

Table 1 Recommended number of socket outlets for

several space in domestic installations.
Area Number of
socket-outlets Single/Twin
Kitchen 3/1 T/S
Double bedroom 3/1 T/S
Living room 4/2 T/S
Dinning room 3 T
Single study room 2/1 T/S
Garage 2 T
Landing/stairs 2 S
Store/workroom 1 T
Central heating 2 T
T-Twin, S-Single
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Regulations on 13-A Socket-outlets
Table 2: Maximum No. of sockets, Ratings and Floor area limit
Circuit Cable Protective Max. # Max. Conditions/limitations
device
size rating
of Floor
(mm2) (MCB) sockets Area
(m2)
Radial 2.5 20A 6 30 1-All sockets serving
circuit only 1 room (not a kitchen)
2-No fixed WH or AC
appliances shall be
connected
Radial 2.5 20 2 50 -
circuit
Radial 4 30 6 50 Max load<5kVA
circuit

Ring-main 2.5 30/32A 10* + 2 100 Max load = 7KVA

circuit spur

*Double (twin) socket counts as 1 outlet 27

 Power Circuits
■ These circuits are directly supplied to the load point
■ Wired to the equipment with a double pole switch and
power flex outlet.
■ In some applications, two double-pole switch are used,
one is at the point of switching and the other close to the
equipment for repair and maintenance works (Fig 10).
■ Each water heater and Air-conditioner should be
supplied from a separate final circuits

ON

D. P.switch
contacts

Figure 9 (a) 20-A (WH), or 45-A (AC)

Neon

double pole switch. (b) Flex outlet plate indicator

(a) (b) 28
 Power Circuits
Fig. 10 shows a typical wiring of a water heater. Note the usage of two
double pole switches. One of the switches close to the equipment may
sometimes acts as a terminating point to fix the connecting flexible cable if
the equipment is close to the switch. If not, a separate wall-mounted flex
outlet plate fitted to the adjacent equipment should be installed.
Protection is
provided by 15
A MCB or fuse
Sorage water
tank

Final circuit is
connected to off-peak
Thermostat and
heater elements

Heat resistant
flexible cord 2.5 mm2 cable
DP switch for DP switch for functional
isolation, 20 A switching, 20 A

Figure 10 Wiring arrangement for water heater using two double-pole

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switches. Dr Fadhel
 PR-1

2
R

PP-1
P
LF-1

WM

PR-1

Power flex PP-2 PP-3 H

outlet

Figure 11 Typical kitchen electrical layout for point power loads.

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