Elements of Art and Principles of Composition fabrics and rope to create more

concrete and immediate artworks.

Theme
Color
 Theme is usually about the whole thing
or scenario that an art conveys.  Color differentiates and defines lines,
shapes, forms, and space. Even black
 Themes are usually implied rather than
and white images have a huge number
explicitly stated.
of different shades of gray.
 Thematic content are not always  The visible spectrum of radiation
necessary in an art but most of arts reflected from an object. Terms used to
have thematic content whether it is talk about color include hue, intensity
intentional or not. or saturation, value or brightness, tint,
shade, tone, temperature (warm, cool,
Line neutral), and various color harmonies or
 A line is a straight one-dimensional schemes such as monochromatic,
figure having no thickness and analogous and complementary.
extending infinitely in both directions. Properties of color:
 A line is uniquely determined 2 points,  Hue – The name of the color (red,
and the line passing through points and green, etc.)
is denoted  Intensity or Saturation – The purity
Line Art (brightness or dullness) of the color.
Pure red is bright; red mixed with a little
 Line art or line drawing is any green (its complement, opposite it on
image that consists of distinct straight the color wheel) becomes less intense,
or curved lines placed against a (usually more neutral.
plain) background, without gradations  Value or Brightness – The lightness or
in shade (darkness) or hue (color) to darkness of a color. How much white or
represent two-dimensional or three- black shows through or is mixed in. Can
dimensional objects be used to depict light and shadow on a
Texture color and help show volume/form.

 Texture is the quality of a surface or the Tints, Shades and Tones

way any work of art is represented.  Tint. A hue with white added to it, or
 If one is portraying certain fabrics, they applied thin enough so that a white
need to give the feeling of the right background material (paper, canvas,
texture so that it closely resembles etc.) shows through.
what the artist is trying to convey.  Shade. A hue with black added to it.
Examples:  Tone. A hue with gray added to it.

 Aze Ong’s Crocheted Dress Color temperature

 Aze Ong is a visual and performance  Warm colors. Reds, oranges and
artist working with fiber as medium. yellows are said to be warm colors
Crochet, knitting, knotting, embroidery, because of their visual relationship to
macrame, and sewing - these are just sources of heat and light. Objects or
some of the techniques she use to elements with these colors will tend to
create immersive installations, both appear energetic and exciting, as well as
tactile and interactive.  more forward in space.
 “Panganib, Panakot, at Panatag” Imelda  Cool colors. Blues, greens and violets
Cajipe-Endaya, 2018 Acrylic and Collage are said to be cool colors. Objects or
on Canvas elements with these colors will tend to
 Imelda Cajipe-Endaya is known her skills appear calming and soothing, as well as
in using sawali panes, crocheted lace, farther back in space.
  Neutral colors. Blacks, grays, browns, Example
tans, beiges, and whites. Browns, tans,  BONIFACIO MONUMENT
and beiges are slightly warm; blacks,  OBLATION
grays, and whites can be slightly cool or  PANGALAY
warm. Neutral colors, with their low
Movement
intensity, do not clash with other colors.
They can serve as backgrounds, help tie  Movement is a principle of design used
together broad ranges of colors, and to create the look and feeling of action
balance out more intense colors that and to guide the viewer’s eye
would be overpowering on their own. throughout the work of art
 Movement is also very much related to
Value/tone
line, and the direction of the eye
 Refers to the gradations of tone from  Movement may occur in two-
light to dark, which can be an aspect of dimensional design as rhythm or
color, but it could also specifically refer through the recurrence of motifs, their
to the play of light on an object or a alternation of progression unfolding in a
scene. series.
 In representational art, it is shading,
blending, and chiaroscuro, or the play Example
of light and dark that lend the flat  Katsushika Hokusai
surface in illusion of depth and “The Great Wave of Kanagawa”
perspective.  Carlos Francisco (1964)
 In non-representational use of value is “Filipino Struggles through History”
also useful in black and white  Napoleon Abueva
photography. Nine Muses

Shape Chiaroscuros

 Shape refers to forms that are two-  The word chiaroscuro is an Italian word
dimensional or three-dimensional. for light and shadow.
 2 dimensional possesses Length and  This classic technique was used by
Width, while 3 dimensional possess famous artists like Rembrandt, da Vinci
Length, Width, AND Volume. and Caravaggio.
 Shapes can be:  It refers to the use of light and shadow
-Geometric to create an illusion of a light coming
-Biomorphic from a light source in the painting.

Examples of Geometric Example

 Binakol by the Tinggians of Abra  Romeo and Juliet by Rhoda Yanow
 T’nalak of the T’bolis  Experiment with the AirPump by Joseph
 Buildings: From Skyscrapers to Nipa Wright of Derby
Huts
Representational/Figurative
Examples of Biomorphic and geometric
 Pis syabit of the Tausug  Representational Art is a term that
 Okir of the Maranao generally refers to a painting or
 Stations of the Cross – By Vicente sculpture that is clearly recognizable for
Manansala what it claims to be.
 It references images such as a human
Composition in space
form or a tree, and although these
 Involves the relationship between images may not always be portrayed as
figures and elements. true to life in color or position, they are
 It also refers to how these elements are still recognizable to the viewer.
organized and composed according to  Representational Art depicts any
principles of organization. identifiable object or series of objects
and their physical appearance in reality.
 It is also referred to as Figurative Art,  Abstract art is art that does not attempt
being that it is derived from real object to represent an accurate depiction of a
sources. Oftentimes, representational visual reality but instead use shapes,
artists act as observers, and interpret colours, forms and gestural marks to
what they see in their own way through achieve its effect.
their work.  The word abstract means to separate or
 It is also referred to as Figurative Art, withdraw something from something
being that it is derived from real object else.
sources. Oftentimes, representational  Abstract art is often seen as carrying a
artists act as observers, and interpret moral dimension, in that it can be seen
what they see in their own way through to stand for virtues such as order,
their work. purity, simplicity and spirituality.
 Abstract art uses a visual language of
Example shape, form, color and line to create a
 Leonardo da Vinci's Monalisa composition which may exist with a
 Marcia Baldwin’s thunder magic degree of independence from visual
references in the world
Non-representational/Non-figurative
 Abstract art, non-figurative art, non-
 Nonrepresentational art refers to objective art, and nonrepresentational
compositions which do not rely on art are loosely related terms. They are
representation or mimesis to any similar, but perhaps not of identical
extent. Abstract art , nonfigurative art, meaning.
non-objective art,
and nonrepresentational art are Abstraction
related terms that indicate a departure  Abstraction indicates a departure from
from reality in the depiction of imagery reality in depiction of imagery in art.
in art.  This departure from accurate
representation can be slight, partial, or
Example complete.
 Stairway To Heaven by HelaLe (Hela  Abstraction exists along a continuum.
Zidovnik Lesac from Croatia)
 Heart and Seat by OneLifeOneArt ABSTRACTION ACROSS A CENTURY
(Justin R. Christenbery of USA)  Expressionism (early twentieth
century): Expressionist artworks
Expressionist involved highly intense colour and non-
 Expressionism, artistic style in which the naturalistic brushwork, often based on
artist seeks to depict not objective the artist’s inner feelings. Kandinsky
reality but rather the subjective saw his abstract paintings as an
emotions and responses that objects alternative pathway to spiritual reality.
and events arouse within a person. The  Cubism (from 1907/8): Cubist artworks
artist accomplishes this aim through always began with a subject from
distortion, exaggeration, primitivism, reality (often objects and figures), with
and fantasy and through the vivid, its elements then broken down into
jarring, violent, or dynamic application distinct areas or planes, showing
of formal elements. different viewpoints at the same time.
Cubism directly influenced other forms
Example of abstraction including constructivism,
 [Most Important Art] neo-plasticism and orphism.
The Scream (1893)  Orphism (1912–13): Coined by the
 Dance Around the Golden Calf French poet and art critic Guillaume
 Indian and Woman Apollinaire. The name comes from the
musician Orpheus in ancient Greek
Abstract myths, as Apollinaire thought that
painting should be like music. Main
 artists Robert Delaunay and Sonia  To look at it from a different
Delaunay also used the term perspective, stylization is a deliberate
simultanism to describe their work of step away from mimesis, which is
this period. defined as the close mimicry of reality
 Automatism (c.1920): Inspired by
Freud’s idea of free association (the Example
desire to reveal the unconscious mind),  Pablo Picasso, “Pitcher and Bowl of
artists such as Joan Miro and Max Ernst Fruit”
created automatic paintings. This free   Henri Matisse, “Chat aux Poissons
way of creating art led to simplified Rouges”
organic shapes, which Miro developed
Collage
into his own personal sign language.
 Action painting (1940–1950s): The  It is a technique of composing a work of
action painter abstract expressionists art by pasting on a single surface
were directly influenced by various materials not normally
automatism. Pollock channelled this associated with one another.
into producing gestural, improvised  It is an artistic composition made of
‘drip paintings’ by placing his canvas on various materials (such as paper, cloth,
the ground and pouring paint onto it or wood) glued on a surface.
from the can or trailing it from the
brush or a stick. Types of collage
 Colour field painting (1940–1950s):  Magazine Collage - are made from
Another form of abstract random things in magazines. They can
expressionism, the colour field painters be cut out or ripped and then stuck
produced simple compositions made onto a common surface. One of the
out of large soft-edged areas of colour most popular ones is to make a new
with no obvious focus of attention, with person out of different body parts
the aim of producing a meditational found in a magazine.
response in the viewer.  Fabric Collage - very different to the
 Post-painterly abstraction (1950s): This first two I talked about, because this
form of abstraction focused more than one doesn't involve pictures already on
ever before on the basic elements of the material, instead, you create the
painting: form, colour, texture, scale, picture with the fabric.
composition and were ruthless in their  Wood Collage - It is almost the same as
rejection of mysticism and of any any other collage, only, you use
reference to the external world. different types of wood, rather than the
 Op art (1960s): Seen as a subdivision of other mediums, to create your piece.
post-painterly abstraction this style of
hard-edged geometric abstraction
reacted to the more gestural forms of
abstract expressionism by only using
monochromatic fields of clean-edged
colour which reinforced the flatness of
the picture surface.

Stylization

 In 1979, The Great Soviet

Dictionary  provided an excellent
definition of stylization, explaining it
as “the decorative generalization of
figures and objects by means of various
conventional techniques, including the
simplification of line, form, and
relationships of space and color.”