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Problem Sheet 2

This document contains 18 problems related to infinite series and tests for convergence such as the integral test, comparison tests, root test, and ratio test. The problems cover determining convergence of specific series, applying various tests, illustrating concepts, and estimating sums of convergent series.

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23 views

Problem Sheet 2

This document contains 18 problems related to infinite series and tests for convergence such as the integral test, comparison tests, root test, and ratio test. The problems cover determining convergence of specific series, applying various tests, illustrating concepts, and estimating sums of convergent series.

Uploaded by

aumogh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences

National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal


Engineering Mathematics II - MA111 (2020 - 2021)

Problem Sheet 2
Infinite Series - Integral Test, Comparison Tests, Root and Ratio tests

1. Examine which of the following series are convergent.


(ln n)2
(i) ∞ ln n
(ii) ∞ (1 + n1 )n (iii) ∞
P P P
n=2 n n=1 P∞ √
n=1 n3/2 √
(iv) ∞
P 1 −2
P∞ n2 +n+1
n=1 (n + ) (v) n=1 n√ 4 +1 (vi) n=1 ( n + 1 − n)
√ 2 √
(vii) ∞ (viii) ∞
P 2
P n+1− n P∞ −1 1
n=1 ( n + 1 − n) n=1 np (ix) n=1 tan ( n )

2. Using ex > x, for all x > 0, show that ∞ −n2


P
n=1 e is convergent.
3. Discuss
P the xconvergence/divergence of the following Pseries.
(i) ∞ ∞ xn
n
n=1 3n n2 , x > 0 (ii) ,x>0
a a2 a3 an
P∞ n=11 n
(iii) 3 + 6 + 11 + · · · + n2 +2 + . . . , (a > 0) n=3 n3 log n
P∞ 1 1
4. Show that n=1 ( n2 ) n is divergent.
1
5. Show that the series 2
+ 13 + 23 + 14 + 42 + 34 + 15 + 25 + 53 + 54 + 16 + . . . diverges.
6. The Cauchy Condensation P∞Test: Let {an } be a non-increasing
P∞sequence of positive terms
n n
that converges to 0.PThen n=1 an converges if and only if n=1 2 a2 converges. Using
this test, show that ∞ 1
n=1 np converges if and only if p > 1.
7. Examine the convergence/divergence of ∞ 1
P
n=2 n(ln n)p using the Integral Test.

8. Discuss the convergence of the series ∞ n


P
n=1 an where a1 = 3, an+1 = n+1 an .

9. Generate an infinite series of non-zero terms that converges to 23 . Can you generate an
infinite series of non-zero terms that converges to an arbitrary number k? Explain.
(
n
2n
if n is a prime number
10. Let an = 1
2n
otherwise.
Does an converge? Give reasons for your answer.
11. For what values of a, if any, does the series ∞ 1 2a
P
n=3 ( n−1 − n+1 ) converge?
bn = B and no bn equals 0, (i) ( abnn )
P P P
12. Show by example that even though an = A and
may diverge and (ii) ( abnn ) may converge to a number other than B A
P
.
P P
13. P
Find convergent geometric series an = A and bn = B that illustrate the fact that
an bn may converge without being equal to AB.
14. Examine the convergence/divergence
P 2n n! P n! of the following
P n series.
(i) nn
(ii) nn
(iii) n2 +1
xn , (x > 0)
P∞ n 2
(iv) n=1 xn cos n1 (v) n
(vi) ∞ 1
P  P
n+1 n=2 [log(log n)]n
P n! P 2n +n2 −ln n 2
(1 − n1 )n
P
(vii) en2
(viii) n!
(ix)
n
15. Show that Cauchy’s Root Test establishes the convergence of 3−n−(−1) while D’Alembert’s
P
Ratio Test fails.
16. Let (an ) be the sequence defined by an = 1 + 21 + · · · + n1 − ln n, for all n = 1, 2, ... Applying

1
the inequalities obtained in the proof of the Integral Test to the series ∞ 1
P
n=1 n , show that
(an ) is bounded.
R n+1 1 Further, show that (an ) is also monotonic and hence convergent. (Hint:
1
use n+1 < n x dx.)
17. Let (an ) be a sequence where an = f (n) for all nP= 1, 2, ... Suppose f satisfies the conditions
∞
of the Integral Test for all x ≥ 1. Suppose n=1 an converges to S. Then show that
Rn = S − sn satisfies the inequalities
Z ∞ Z ∞
f (x)dx ≤ Rn ≤ f (x)dx.
n+1 n

18. Using the inequalities P


in the last problem, with n = 10, determine an interval which contains
the sum of the series ∞ 1
n=1 n3 .

*********

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