Presented by Dr. Ulfat Ara Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health, NUB
Presented by Dr. Ulfat Ara Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health, NUB
Presented by Dr. Ulfat Ara Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health, NUB
Types of Crisis
• Natural disaster--Earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, tornadoes and hurricanes, floods, landslid
es, tsunamis, storms, and droughts.
• Technological crisis--Software failures, industrial.
accidents, and oil spills.
• Confrontation--Boycotts, and other types are
picketing, sit-ins, ultimatums to those in authority,
blockade or occupation of buildings, and resisting or
disobeying police.
Affected People due to Confrontation
Effects of Disaster
Effects on Health-contd
d. In a post-war situation, this may be the
trauma resulting from accidental
triggering of landmine or unexploded
ordnance.
How to Handle?-contd
2. Linkages: If the crisis is beyond the control of
the local health institutions--- it should have
prior link with other specialized teams and
hospitals for timely referral or reinforcement of
men and material whenever necessary.
3. Training: The members of crisis team need
training extensively to keep them up to date with
latest knowledge and know how.
How to Handle?-contd
4. Leadership: To avoid conflicts and confusion there
should be unified leadership who will provide decision
for actions. It should be also decided beforehand who
will be the leader in absence of the designated leader.
The leader must ensure proper communication ------
a. Among the team members.
b.With the anxious relatives and friends of the
victims.
c. With the public.
d. With the authorities &
f. With the media
1. Information received at the health care institution.
2. The team leader and members of the team are
informed.
3. The team get ready with necessary facilities.
4. Victims are received.
5. Preliminary examination and sorting.
6. Brief documentation.
7. First aid given to all, attending to those seriously
injured first. The observation—diagnosis &
treatment.
8. Referral, where necessary.
The emotional Reactions may be:
1.Immediate, during and after the disaster.
Immediate reactions are----
a. Physical injury
b. Exposure to extreme danger
c. Witnessing death of close ones
d. Traumatic experiences of helplessness and
hopelessness
e. Need to choose between helping others and
fighting for own survival.
Psychological Consequences-
contd
The Adaptation reaction may not function properly-----
a. Paralyzing anxiety
b. Uncontrolled flight behavior (
c. Group panic
The immediate post-disaster reaction which is
called ‘Disaster syndrome’ may be present in 25-
75% of the victims.
“panic”
“Panic”
“Panic”
Reactions after the events-------
a. People feel numb or relieved, often with strong
positive feelings about having survived; later
stress effects may surface.
b. Intense feeling of anxiety (frightening memories
of anxieties)
c. Nightmares
d. Post-traumatic stress disorder
Recovery