INSTRUCTION

MANUAL
SOIL NITROGEN,PHOSPHORUS AND

POTASSIUM THREE-IN-ONE

TRANSMITER

TYPE RS485

VER 2.0
 Ⅰ BRIEF INTRODUCTION

1.1 Product Overview

The soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sensor is suitable for detecting

the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and determining the

fertility of the soil by detecting the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

in the soil, thereby facilitating the evaluation of the soil condition by the customer

system.

1.2 Scope of application

It is widely used in rice fields, greenhouse cultivation, rice, vegetable cultivation,

orchard nursery, flowers and soil research.

1.3 Measurement Parameters

PARAMETERS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

MEASUREMENT RANGE 0-1999mg/kg

MEASUREMENT ACCURACY ±2%F.s

RESOLUTION 1mg/kg（mg/l）

RESPONSE TIME（T90，秒） ＜10

WORKING TEMPERATURE 5-45℃

WORKING HUMIDITY 5-95%(relative humidity), no condensation

WARRANTY Host 2 years，probe 1 year

BAUD RATE 2400/4800/9600

COMMUNICATION PORT RS485

POWER SUPPLY 12V-24V DC

1.3 System frame Diagram

The sensor can be connected and used separately. Firstly, it is powered by 12V

DC power supply. The device can be directly connected to the PLC with 485

interface, and can be connected to the MCU through the 485 interface chip. The

microcontroller and PLC can be programmed to match the sensor by the modbus

protocol specified later. At the same time, you can connect to the computer by

using USB to 485, and use the sensor configuration tool provided by our company

for configuration and testing.

 This product can also be used in combination with multiple sensors on one 485

bus. Please observe the “485 Bus Field Wiring Code” when performing 485 bus

combination (see Appendix). In theory, one bus can connect more than 16 485

sensors. If you need to connect more 485 sensors, you can use 485 repeater to

expand more 485 devices, and the other end to connect PLC with 485 interface and

pass 485 interface chip. Connect to the microcontroller, or use USB to 485 to

connect to the computer, use the sensor configuration tool provided by our

company for configuration and testing.

 Ⅱ HARDWARE CONNECTIONS

2.1 CHECKING BEFORE INSTALLATION

Check the list of devices before installation:

Name Number

THE SENSOR DEVICE 1

 12V POWER ADAPTER（Optional） 1

WARRANTY CARD / CERTIFICATE 1

THE USB TO 485 DEVICE（Optional） 1

2.2 Interface Description

The power interface can be 12-24V for wide voltage power supply. When

wiring the 485 signal line, note that the A/B lines cannot be connected in reverse,

and the addresses between multiple devices on the bus cannot conflict.

Line Color Description

Brown Power supply Positive ( 12-24V DC )

Power
Black Power supply Negative

Yellow (grey) color 485-A

Communication

Blue 485-B

Note: Please be careful not to connect the wrong line sequence. The wrong

wiring will cause the device to burn out.

 The factory default supply of 1.5 meters long wire, customers can extend the

wire as needed or in sequence.

Note that there is no yellow line in the line sequence that may be provided in

some factory batches, in which case the gray line is equivalently replaced by the

yellow line.

2.3 Surface measurement method

Select the appropriate measurement location, avoid the stone, ensure that the

steel needle will not touch the hard object, throw off the topsoil according to the

required measurement depth, keep the original soil tightness under the ground,

hold the sensor vertically into the soil, insert It is not allowed to sway from side to

side. It is recommended to measure the average for multiple measurements within

a small range of one measurement point.

2.4 Buried measurement method

Vertically dig pits with a diameter of >20cm, insert the sensor steel needle

horizontally into the pit wall at a given depth, fill the pits tightly, and stabilize for a

period of time, then measure and record for several days, months or even longer.

2.5 Notes

1. The steel needle must be inserted into the soil during the measurement.

2. Avoid strong sunlight directly on the sensor and cause the temperature to be

too high. Use in the field to prevent lightning strikes.

 3, do not violently bend the steel needle, do not pull the sensor lead wire, do

not beat or violently hit the sensor.

4. The sensor protection class IP68 can soak the sensor in the water.

5. Due to the presence of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation in the air,

it is not suitable to be energized in the air for a long time.

Ⅲ CONFIGURATION TOOL

INSTALLATION AND USE

Our company provides the matching "SENSOR MONITORING SOFTWARE",

which can conveniently use the computer to read the parameters of the sensor, and

flexibly modify the device ID and address of the sensor.

3.1 Sensor access to the computer

After the sensor is properly connected to the computer via USB to 485 and

powered, you can see the correct COM port in the computer ("My Computer -

Properties - Device Manager - Port" to view the COM port).

 As shown in the figure above, your serial port number is COM10 at this time.

Please remember this serial port. You need to fill in the serial port number in the

sensor monitoring software.

If the COM port is not found in the device manager, it means that you have not

plugged in the USB to 485 or did not install the driver correctly, please contact the

technical staff for assistance.

3.2 Use of sensor monitoring software

The configuration interface is as shown in the figure. First, obtain the serial port

number according to the method in section 3.1 and select the correct serial port,

then click to automatically obtain the current baud rate and address to

automatically detect all devices and baud rates on the current 485 bus. . Please

note that there is only one sensor on the 485 bus that needs to be automatically

acquired using the software.

 Then click on the connected device to get sensor data information in real time.

If your device is a gas concentration sensor, please select “Gas Concentration

Sensor” at the sensor type, “Formaldehyde Transmitter” for the formaldehyde

sensor, “ Analog Transmitter Module ” for the analog transmitter, and

“ Atmospheric Pressure ” for the atmospheric pressure sensor. “ Sensor ” , the

illuminance sensor selects “ Optical Light 20W ” , the oxygen sensor selects

“ Oxygen Transmitter ” , and the other sensors select the default “ No Other

Sensor”.

3.3 Modify the baud rate and device ID

In the case of disconnecting the device, click the device baud rate and setting

address in the communication settings to complete the relevant settings. Please

note that after the setting, please restart the device, and then "automatically obtain

the current baud rate and address", you can find the address. And the baud rate has

been changed to the address and baud rate you need.

 If you need to modify the baud rate and address using the modbus command,

you can refer to the appendix "How to Modify the Baud Rate and Address Using

the modbus Command".

Ⅳ COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

4.1 Communication Basic Parameters

Parameters Content

Coding 8-bit binary

Data bit 8-bit

Parity bit no

Stop bit 1-bit

Error check CRC(redundant cyclic code)

BAUD RATE 2400bps/4800bps/9600bps can be set, the factory default is 9600bps

4.2 Data frame format definition

Adopt Modbus-RTU communication protocol, the format is as follows:

Initial structure ≥ 4 bytes of time

Address code = 1 byte

Function code = 1 byte

Data area = N bytes

Error check = 16-bit CRC code

End structure ≥ 4 bytes of time

 Address code: is the address of the transmitter, which is unique in the

communication network (factory default 0x01).

Function code: The instruction function of the command sent by the host. This

transmitter only uses function code 0x03 (read register data).

Data area: The data area is the specific communication data. Note that the

16-bit data high byte is in front!

CRC code: Two-byte check code.

Inquiry frame

Address Function Register start Register

CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code address length

1bit 1bit 2bit 2bit 1bit 1bit

Answer Frames

Address Function Effective Data area Second data Nth data area Check code

Code Code number of area

bytes

1bit 1bit 2bit 2bit 1bit 2bit 2bit

4.3 Register Address

Register PLC or configuration Content Operating

Address address

001E H 4001F（40021） Nitrogen content (unit mg/kg) Read-Only

001F H 40020（40022） Phosphorus content(unit mg/kg) Read-Only

0020 H 40021（40023） Potassium content (unit mg/kg) Read-Only

0100 H 40101 Device address(0-252) R/W

 0101 H 40102 Baud rate(2400/4800/9600) R/W

4.4 Communication protocol examples and explanations

4.4.1Reading the value of soil NPK from device address 0x01

Inquiry frame

Address Function Register start Register

CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code address length

0x01 0x03 0x00 0x1E 0x00 0x03 0x34 0x0D

Answer Frames

Effective
Address Function Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium CRC CRC
number
Code Code content content content _L _H
of bytes

0x01 0x03 0x06 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x5 0x3

A D
0x20 0x25 0x30

NPK content:

0020 H（hexadecimal ）=32=>Nitrogen=32mg/kg

0025 H（hexadecimal ）=37=>Phosphorus=37mg/kg

0030 H（hexadecimal ）=48=>Potassium=48mg/kg

4.4.2 Reading the value of soil nitrogen at device address 0x01

Inquiry frame

Register
Address Function Register
start CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code length
address

0x01 0x03 0x00 0x1e 0x00 0x01 0xB5 0xCC

Answer Frames
 Effective
Address Function Nitrogen
number of CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code content
bytes

0x01 0x03 0x02 0x00 0x5A 0x3D

0x20

Nitrogen content：0020 H（hexadecimal）=32=>Nitrogen=32mg/kg

4.2.3Reading the value of soil phosphorus in device address 0x01

Inquiry frame

Address Function Register start Register

CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code address length

0x01 0x03 0x00 0x1f 0x00 0x01 0xE4 0x0C

Answer Frames

Effective
Address Function Phosphorus
number of CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code content
bytes

0x01 0x03 0x02 0x00 0x5A 0x3D

0x25

Phosphorus content：0025 H（16hexadecimal）=37=>Phosphorus=37mg/kg

4.2.4 Reading the value of soil potassium in device address 0x01

Inquiry frame

Address Function Register start Register

CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code address length

0x01 0x03 0x00 0x20 0x00 0x01 0x85 0xC0

Answer Frames
 Effective
Address Function Potassium
number of CRC_L CRC_H
Code Code content
bytes

0x01 0x03 0x02 0x00 0x5A 0x3D

0x30

Potassium ：0030 H（16hexadecimal）=48=>Potassium=48mg/kg