Franz D.

SANTOS Department of Civil Engineering, National University - Manila

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SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

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𝑽
R
Source for image: Nikhil Kumar

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

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 SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS 𝒇𝒃 𝑨′ 𝑨′ 𝒇𝒃 ′

𝒅𝑭 𝒅𝑭′
❑ Consider the beam shown: 𝒅𝒙 𝒃

𝑽
By Equilibrium:

𝒅𝑭 − 𝒅𝑭′ + 𝑽 = 𝟎 න 𝒇𝒃 𝒅𝑨 − න 𝒇′𝒃 𝒅𝑨 + 𝝉(𝒅𝒙)(𝒃) = 𝟎

𝑴𝒚 𝑴 + 𝒅𝑴 𝒚 NOTE:
න( )𝒅𝑨 − න 𝒅𝑨 + 𝝉(𝒅𝒙)(𝒃) = 𝟎
𝑰 𝑰 𝒅𝑴
=𝑽
𝒅𝒙
𝒇𝒃 𝒇𝒃 ′
𝑴𝒚 𝑴𝒚 𝒅𝑴𝒚
න( )𝒅𝑨 − න 𝒅𝑨 − න 𝒅𝑨 + 𝝉(𝒅𝒙)(𝒃) = 𝟎 න 𝒚𝒅𝑨 = 𝑸
𝑰 𝑰 𝑰
𝑴 𝒚 𝑴 + 𝒅𝑴
𝑵. 𝑨. 𝒅𝑴 𝟏 𝒅𝑴
𝝉(𝒅𝒙)(𝒃) = න ∗ 𝒚𝒅𝑨 𝝉= න 𝒚𝒅𝑨 𝑽𝑸
𝑰 𝑰𝒃 𝒅𝒙 𝝉=
𝑰𝒃
𝒅𝒙
Source for image: Hibbeler

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

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SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS
STEPS IN SOLVING SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS:

❑ Use equilibrium analysis to determine the vertical shear force (V) acting on the cross section
containing the specified point (the construction of a shear force diagram is usually a good idea).
❑ Locate the neutral axis and compute the moment of inertia (I) of the cross-sectional area about the
neutral axis. (If the beam is a standard structural shape, its cross-sectional properties are listed in the
table used for MES).
❑ Compute the first moment of area (Q) of the cross-sectional area that lies above (or below) the
specified point.
❑ Calculate the shear stress from the shear formula, where b is the width of the cross section at the
specified point. Note that t is the actual shear stress only if it is uniform across b; otherwise, t should
be viewed as the average shear stress.

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

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SAMPLE PROBLEMS
A simply supported beam carries a uniform load of 10 kN/m across its 8 m span. Given that
this beam is made by gluing 3-80mm x 160mm wooden planks together as shown, determine 10 kN/m
(a) the shear stress in the glue in MPa and (b) the shear stress in the wood in MPa.
A B
8𝒎
SOLUTION: 𝑽𝑸
𝝉=
𝑰𝒃 𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍 𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍
ഥ
𝒚 FOR GLUE

𝑸 = 𝑨ഥ
𝒚 = 𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎)(𝟖𝟎 𝒎𝒎) 𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍

𝑸 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑 4m

4m C
(𝟒𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝑵)(𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑 )
𝝉= 𝝉 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
(𝟏𝟖𝟒. 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 )(𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎) 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵 −𝟒𝟎 𝐤𝐍

FOR WOOD

𝑸 = 𝑨ഥ
𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎 (𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎)(𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎) 𝒃𝒅𝟑 𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟐𝟒𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝟑
𝑰= =
ഥ
𝒚 𝑸 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐

(𝟒𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝑵)(𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑 ) 𝑰 = 𝟏𝟖𝟒. 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒

𝝉= 𝝉 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂
(𝟏𝟖𝟒. 𝟑𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 )(𝟏𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒎)

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

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SAMPLE PROBLEMS
The manufactured wood beam carries concentrated loads shown. What is the
maximum safe value of P if the working stress in shear is 6 MPa.

SOLUTION:
𝑽𝑸 𝑹𝑨 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑷 𝑹𝑪 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑷
𝝉=
𝑰𝒃
𝟏. 𝟓𝐏 𝟏. 𝟓𝐏 𝐏 𝐏

FOR FIRST MOMENT OF AREA

𝟎
𝑸 = ෍ 𝑨ഥ
𝒚 = 𝟖𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟔𝟎 + (𝟓𝟎)(𝟐𝟎)(𝟐𝟓)
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = (𝟏. 𝟓𝑷) 𝒌𝑵
8𝟎 𝒎𝒎 −𝐏 −𝐏
𝑸 = 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑 −𝟏. 𝟓𝐏 −𝟏. 𝟓𝐏
𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎

𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑽𝑸
ഥ𝟏
𝒚 𝝉=
𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝑰𝒃
ഥ𝟐
𝒚
𝑵. 𝑨.
𝟏. 𝟓𝑷 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵 (𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑 ) 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝑵
𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 =
(𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 )(𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎)

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
A steel wide flange beam carries a shear force of 16 kips. It has dimensions shown in the figure. Plot the shear stress distribution acting on
the cross-section. Determine also the maximum shear stress in the beam and the percentage of shear carried by the web.

𝟖. 𝟎𝟏 𝐢𝐧 SOLUTION: FIRST MOMENT OF AREA

𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝐢𝐧
𝑽𝑸 𝑸𝟏 = 𝑨ഥ
𝒚=𝟎
𝝉=
𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝐢𝐧 𝑰𝒃 𝒚 = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟏 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝟓. 𝟔𝟗 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟒𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟑
𝑸𝟐 = 𝑨ഥ
11.9 in 𝑵. 𝑨.
MOMENT OF INERTIA 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟏 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝟓. 𝟔𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝟓. 𝟒𝟑𝟓 𝟐. 𝟕𝟐 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟖𝟑 𝒊𝒏𝟑

𝟖. 𝟎𝟏 𝟏𝟏. 𝟗 𝟑 𝟑. 𝟖𝟔 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 𝟑
SHEAR STRESS
𝑰𝑵.𝑨. = −𝟐
𝟎. 𝟓𝟏𝟓 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 (𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑𝒍𝒃)(𝟐𝟑. 𝟒𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟑)
𝝉𝟏 = 𝟎 𝝉𝟐𝒇𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 = = 𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟎𝟐 𝒑𝒔𝒊
𝟒 (𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟓𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟒 )(𝟖. 𝟎𝟏 𝒊𝒏)
𝑰𝑵.𝑨. = 𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟓𝟕 𝒊𝒏
(𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑𝒍𝒃)(𝟐𝟑. 𝟒𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟑)
SHEAR STRESS DISTRIBUTION 𝟎 𝝉𝟐 𝒘𝒆𝒃 = = 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 𝒑𝒔𝒊
𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟏 𝒑𝒔𝒊 (𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟓𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝒊𝒏)
𝟏𝟓𝟕. 𝟎𝟐 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗
(𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟑𝒍𝒃)(𝟐𝟕. 𝟖𝟑 𝒊𝒏𝟑)
𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝐢𝐧 𝝉𝑵.𝑨. = = 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟏 𝒑𝒔𝒊
(𝟐𝟗𝟖. 𝟓𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝒊𝒏)
𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟏
𝑵. 𝑨. 10.87 in SHEAR CARRIED BY WEB 𝑽𝒘𝒆𝒃 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟔𝟒. 𝟔𝟕 𝒍𝒃
𝑽𝒘𝒆𝒃 = (𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝝉 − 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎)(𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒆𝒃) 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟔𝟒. 𝟔𝟕
%𝑽 = 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟒 𝟒. 𝟒𝟔 𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟎 𝑽𝒘𝒆𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 + 𝟓𝟎𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟏 − 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝟑. 𝟒𝟗 𝒑𝒔𝒊 (𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟓 𝒊𝒏)
𝟑 𝟗𝟔. 𝟎𝟑%

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS

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 Stay safe, sanitized and at home!

Credits to CJ (Panzoid) for the Opening Slide Template

Franz D. SANTOS Department of Civil Engineering, National University - Manila

No part of this material may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical
methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.