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CEMDEF40 Module 6 - Statically Indeterminate Members and Thermal Stress

The document discusses statically indeterminate members and thermal stress. It introduces the concept of static indeterminacy and explains how to solve such problems using principles of superposition, equilibrium equations and compatibility equations. It also discusses thermal deformation due to temperature changes and provides sample problems solving for stresses in structures under different loading and temperature conditions.

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282 views13 pages

CEMDEF40 Module 6 - Statically Indeterminate Members and Thermal Stress

The document discusses statically indeterminate members and thermal stress. It introduces the concept of static indeterminacy and explains how to solve such problems using principles of superposition, equilibrium equations and compatibility equations. It also discusses thermal deformation due to temperature changes and provides sample problems solving for stresses in structures under different loading and temperature conditions.

Uploaded by

engrrrr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#6

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FLEX Course Material


Introduce the concept of
statically indeterminate
members.
Discuss the behavior of
materials subjected to
temperature changes.
Explain
produced
the stress
from
MECHANICS OF
DEFORMABLE
temperature changes.
Solve problems involving

BODIES
statically indeterminate
problems and thermal
stress.

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
MEMBERS AND THERMAL STRESS

ENGR. FRANZ D. SANTOS


FACULTY, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
• Whenever the member is subjected to complicated
loading, the stress and deformation is quite difficult
to determine.

• In cases like this, it is necessary to subdivide the


loadings then calculate the stress or deformation
due to these subdivided loadings and combine
them in the end in order to get the total stress or
deformation required.

The following two conditions must be satisfied if


the principle of superposition is to be applied.

1. The loading must be linearly related to the


stress or displacement that is to be
determined.

2. The loading must not significantly change the


original geometry or configuration of the member.

2
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
MEMBERS
Consider the bar which is fixed supported at both ends and
subjected to a force of magnitude P.
If you consider the FBD, applying the condition of
equilibrium we have:

෍ 𝐹𝑉 = 0 ↑ +

𝑭𝑨 + 𝑭𝑩 = 𝑷
The reactions are not easily found by the equilibrium
equations. Problems of this nature are called statically
indeterminate.

3
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
MEMBERS

• In statically determinate problems, the number of


unknown forces is always equal to the number of
independent equilibrium equations.

• If the number of unknown forces exceeds the


number of independent equilibrium equations,
the problem is said to be statically indeterminate.

• These problems always has geometric restrictions


imposed on its deformation. These are called
compatibility equations or kinematic condition.

• Because the source of the compatibility equations


is deformation, these equations contain as
unknowns either strains or elongations. HOOKE’S
LAW will be used to express these deformations.

4
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE
MEMBERS
PROCEDURE FOR SOLVING STATICALLY
INDETERMINATE PROBLEMS

❑Draw the free-body diagrams and derive


the equations of equilibrium.
❑Derive the compatibility equations. To
visualize the restrictions on deformation, it
is often helpful to draw a sketch that
exaggerates the magnitude of the
deformations.
❑Use Hooke’s law to express the deformation
in the compatibility equations in terms of
forces (or stresses).
❑Solve the equilibrium and compatibility
equations for the unknown forces.

5
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 1
The concrete column is reinforced using four
steel reinforcing rods, each having a diameter
of 18 mm. Determine the stress in the
concrete and the steel if the column is
subjected to an axial load of 800 kN. Est = 200
GPa, Ec = 25 GPa.

6
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 2
The rigid, homogeneous slab weighing 600
kN is supported by three rods of identical
material and cross section. Before the slab
was attached, the lower ends of the rods
were at the same level. Compute the axial
force in each rod.

7
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 3
Determine the reactions at A and B for
the steel bar and if a 4.5-mm clearance
exists between the bar and the ground
before the loads are applied.

8
THERMAL DEFORMATION
❑ It is well known that changes in
temperature cause dimensional changes in
a body: An increase in temperature results
in expansion, whereas a temperature
decrease produces contraction.

❑The expansion is linearly related to the


temperature increase or decrease that
occurs.

𝜹𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳∆𝑻

Where:
𝜶 – coefficient of thermal expansion
𝑳 − length ∆𝑻 = 𝑻𝒇 − 𝑻𝒊
Tf – final temperature Ti – initial temperature

9
SAMPLE PROBLEMS

PROBLEM 1
The horizontal steel rod, 2.5 m long and
1200 sq. mm in cross-sectional area, is
secured between two walls. If the rod is
stress-free at 20ºC, compute the stress
when the temperature has dropped to
20ºC. Assume that:
(a) The walls do not move and
(b) The walls move together a distance
of 0.5 mm.

Use 𝛼 = 11.6𝑥10−6 /℃ and


E = 200 GPa.

10
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 2
The rigid bar of negligible weight is
supported as shown. The assembly is initially
stress-free. Find the stress in each rod if the
temperature rises 20C after a load W = 120
kN is applied.

11
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 3
The rigid, horizontal slab is attached to two identical
copper rods. There is a gap ∆ = 0.18 mm between
the middle bar, which is made of aluminum, and the
slab. Neglecting the mass of the slab, calculate the
stress in each rod when the temperature in the
assembly is increased by 85º C. Use the following
data:

12
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