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    Power Control Techniques To Be Used in 3G (Wcdma)

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    Thuan Tran
    Power control techniques are used in 3G networks to control transmission power levels. There are two types of power control: open loop and closed loop. Open loop power control involves the transmitting device adjusting its power based on estimated interference, while closed loop involves the receiving device providing feedback to adjust transmission power for better quality control. Closed loop power control is preferred and has an inner loop that controls power on a slot-by-slot basis and outer loop that adjusts targets over time based on error rates. Precise power control helps address the near-far effect and allows optimal power usage.

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    Power Control Techniques To Be Used in 3G (Wcdma)

    Uploaded by

    Thuan Tran
    88 views4 pages
    Power control techniques are used in 3G networks to control transmission power levels. There are two types of power control: open loop and closed loop. Open loop power control involves the transmitting device adjusting its power based on estimated interference, while closed loop involves the receiving device providing feedback to adjust transmission power for better quality control. Closed loop power control is preferred and has an inner loop that controls power on a slot-by-slot basis and outer loop that adjusts targets over time based on error rates. Precise power control helps address the near-far effect and allows optimal power usage.

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    Power control techniques are used in 3G networks to control transmission power levels. There are two types of power control: open loop and closed loop. Open loop power control involves the transmitting device adjusting its power based on estimated interference, while closed loop involves the receiving device providing feedback to adjust transmission power for better quality control. Closed loop power control is preferred and has an inner loop that controls power on a slot-by-slot basis and outer loop that adjusts targets over time based on error rates. Precise power control helps address the near-far effect and allows optimal power usage.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    88 views4 pages

    Power Control Techniques To Be Used in 3G (Wcdma)

    Uploaded by

    Thuan Tran
    Power control techniques are used in 3G networks to control transmission power levels. There are two types of power control: open loop and closed loop. Open loop power control involves the transmitting device adjusting its power based on estimated interference, while closed loop involves the receiving device providing feedback to adjust transmission power for better quality control. Closed loop power control is preferred and has an inner loop that controls power on a slot-by-slot basis and outer loop that adjusts targets over time based on error rates. Precise power control helps address the near-far effect and allows optimal power usage.

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    of 4

    Power control techniques in 3G

    Power control techniques to be used in


    3G (WCDMA )

    The signals should be transmitted with the lowest possible power level,
    which maintains the required signal quality.

    Near-far effect: - The mobile stations far away from the base station
    should transmit with considerably higher power than mobiles close
    to the base station.

    There are two basic types of power control:

    Open loop power control

    Closed loop power control

    Open loop power control


    The open-loop power control technique requires that the transmitting
    entity measures the channel interference and adjusts its
    transmission power accordingly.

    The problem is that the interference estimation is done on the received


    signal, and the transmitted signal probably uses a different
    frequency.

    In TDD mode both the uplink and downlink use the same frequency and
    thus their fading processes are strongly correlated.
    Closed loop power control
    The quality measurements are done on the other end of the connection
    in the base station, and the results are then sent back to the
    mobile’s transmitter so that it can adjust its transmission power.

    This method gives much better results than the open loop method, but
    it cannot react to quick changes in channel conditions.

    In this method the received signal-to interference ratio (SIR) is


    measured over a 667-microsecond period (i.e., one time slot), and
    based on that value, a decision is made about whether to increase
    or decrease the transmission power in the other end of the
    connection.

    The transmit power control (TPC) bits are sent in every time slot within
    the uplink and the downlink

    Closed loop power control is of two type


    Inner loop power control (or fast closed-loop power control).

    outer loop power control

    Inner loop power control


    It works on the basis of SIRtarget set by the RNC. If the power is not as per
    SIRtarget then by using TPC (Transmitted power control) bit NodeB/UE
    increase its transmission power

    Outer loop power control


    Even when SIRtarget are meet and even there are much retransmission
    due to packet loss then SIRtarget is increased or decreased by RNC on the
    calculation based on BER (Bit error rate ) and BLER ( Block Error rate )

    UMTS Power Control

    Open loop power control is the ability of the UE transmitter to sets its output power
    to a specific value. It is used for setting initial uplink and downlink transmission
    powers when a UE is accessing the network. The open loop power control tolerance is
    ± 9 dB (normal conditions) or ± 12 dB (extreme conditions)

    Inner loop power control (also called fast closed loop power control) in the uplink
    is the ability of the UE transmitter to adjust its output power in accordance with one
    or more Transmit Power Control (TPC) commands received in the downlink, in order
    to keep the received uplink Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) at a given SIR target.
    The UE transmitter is capable of changing the output power with a step size of 1, 2
    and 3 dB, in the slot immediately after the TPC_cmd can be derived. Inner loop
    power control frequency is 1500Hz.

    The serving cells estimate SIR of the received uplink DPCH, generate TPC
    commands (TPC_cmd) and transmit the commands once per slot according to the
    following rule: if SIRest > SIRtarget then the TPC command to transmit is "0", while if
    SIRest < SIRtarget then the TPC command to transmit is "1". Upon reception of one or
    more TPC commands in a slot, the UE derives a single TPC command for each slot,
    combining multiple TPC commands if more than one is received in a slot. Two
    algorithms are supported by the UE for deriving a TPC_cmd. Which of these two
    algorithms is used, is determined by a UE-specific higher-layer parameter,
    "PowerControlAlgorithm".

    Algorithm 1:
     The power control step is the change in the UE transmitter output power in
    response to a single TPC command

    Algorithm 2:
     If all five estimated TPC command are "down" the transmit power is reduced by 1
    dB
     If all five estimated TPC command are "up" the transmit power is increased by 1
    dB
     Otherwise the transmit power is not changed

    Transmitter power control range

    The transmit power of the downlink channels is determined by the network. The
    power control step size can take four values: 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 dB. It is mandatory for
    UTRAN to support step size of 1 dB, while support of other step sizes is optional. The
    UE generates TPC commands to control the network transmit power and send them in
    the TPC field of the uplink DPCCH. Upon receiving the TPC commands UTRAN
    adjusts its downlink DPCCH/DPDCH power accordingly.

    Outer loop power control is used to maintain the quality of communication at the
    level of bearer service quality requirement, while using as low power as possible. The
    uplink outer loop power control is responsible for setting a target SIR in the Node B
    for each individual uplink inner loop power control. This target SIR is updated for
    each UE according to the estimated uplink quality (BLock Error Ration, Bit Error
    Ratio) for each Radio Resource Control connection. The downlink outer loop power
    control is the ability of the UE receiver to converge to required link quality (BLER)
    set by the network (RNC) in downlink.
    Power control of the downlink common channels are determined by the network.
    In general the ratio of the transmit power between different downlink channels is not
    specified in 3GPP specifications and may change with time, even dynamically.

    Additional special situations of power control are Power control in compressed


    mode and Downlink power during handover.

    Further reading: 3GPP TS 25.101, 25.133, 25.214, 25.215, 25.331, 25.433, 25.435,
    25.841, 25.849

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