DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

ENGAGE

Activity 1.

Instructions: Ask your mother about yourself as an infant. Find out your language development
by asking her about the distinct features or characteristics you had (15 pts.):
1. how she talked to you when you were a baby;

My mom usually say something like, “Indayyy” and “bebe” because that’s one of my nicknames.
She usually talk in a baby voice or high pitched voice because it always makes me laugh. She
talk about what happened when she was home, what’s going on, if I wants to zoom(me putting
in the air and “flying” back and forth), and just random stuff. I usually just mumbles and drools,
but it’s still the cutest thing ever.

2. the first word you uttered; and

According to my parents my first word was: mama. When I was 5 months old, I began talking.
My second word was papay instead of papa. According to my parents everyone and everything
stopped as they all turned to stare at me, to which I repeated “papay”, my parents were
absolutely dumbfounded while their friends laughed because “papay” second word.

3. your unforgettable moment in kindergarten.

Then, express what you think about it (5 pts.).

See Rubric 2 in the Appendices for scoring. (Total points = 20)

A toy metal car struck me on the forehead. It happened while I was playing in nursery. I don’t
know who threw it and I can’t be sure if it was an accident or if it was on purpose. A toy car
appeared swirling through the air and hit me hard. I remember crying as blood poured down
my face. I was wounded by that toy. The staff nursed me and put a bandage on my head. I can
remember when my mother removed the bandage on a different day. That was my worst
memory from Baby school.
DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

EXPLORE

Instructions: List down and define the 5 major components of the structure of language (5 pts.);
then, briefly define them (5 pts.). After doing so, identify which component the following
example situations are involved in (5 pts.): (Total points = 15)

Context- Context is the way that everything in language works together to convey a specific
meaning. Context includes the tone of voice, body language, and words used.

Phoneme- A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a language that can cause a change in
meaning but does not have meaning on its own.

Morpheme- The basic unit of morphology, are the smallest meaningful unit of language. Thus,
a morpheme is a group of phonemes that have a specific meaning. If a morpheme is changed in
any way, the entire meaning of the word can change.

Syntax- Syntax is a set of rules for constructing complete sentences from words and phrases.
Every language has its own set of syntactic rules, but all languages have some form of syntax.

lexemes- Lexemes are the set of inflected forms taken by a single word.

1. knowing that everything around us including words has a meaning of its own
Context

2. realizing that the letter “t” can be aspirated or unaspirated

Phoneme

3. having knowledge that a sentence has a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb)
Syntax

4. adding prefixes and suffixes to the word “love” to create “lovely”, “loving”, and “lovable”
Lexeme

5. applying language to the society just like saying “Could you please be quiet” instead of “Shut
up”
Pragmatics
DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

ELABORATE

Instructions: Ask this question, “Hello, How are you?” to the persons listed below (you can use
any language understandable), and note down their responses; then, complete the table. You
may ask them either virtually or through face to face observing safety protocol. (Total points =
15)

Respondents Response

1. Infant 8-month-old says “hi” right back in response. He repeats

the word again and giggles.

2. Toddler She ignores me at first, then when she notices I'm

holding a phone, she responds with a hello and asks if I
have any games.

3. Pre-schooler What do you eat? I inquired. Hotdog, she exclaimed.

And she'll keep eating.

4. Elementary school boy/girl Hello, how are you doing? I asked. She smiled and
replied, "Hello, I'm fine."

Your observation: As children grow, they undergo rapid transformations. Many of these
changes are physical. Other changes are cognitive, which means they affect how children think
and learn. Child development frequently occurs in stages, with the majority of children reaching
specific developmental milestones by the time they reach a certain age.
DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

Module 1

My Realizations

Conclusion/ realization/ discovery/ insights gained (Total pts. = 10)

This module taught me that language development and literacy are unquestionably
important aspects of any child's overall development. It promotes your child's ability to
communicate, express, and comprehend emotions. It also promotes your child's
cognitive ability and aids in the development and maintenance of relationships.

I also discovered that language development is an enthralling and complex behavior.

One of the reasons that young children's language development is so remarkable is that
it is never explicitly taught to them. Immersion in a linguistic environment is the most
effective way to learn a language. Children are exposed to linguistic information and
learn in utero even before they are born. Infants as young as four days old prefer to
hear their native language over a foreign language.

Even before children say their first word, they are communicating intentions through
gestures, smiling, eye contact, and vocalizations. At around 12 months of age, most
children can produce 10 spoken words and can comprehend as many as 50. By their
second birthday, children move from the use of one word utterances to communicate
through the use of telegraphic speech, which is characterized by two word phrases that
only contain important words.
DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

ENGAGE

Activity 4.
Instructions: Listen to the song “Five Little Monkeys” on YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0NHrFNZWh0

Five Little Monkeys Mama called the doctor and the doctor
said
Five little monkeys jumping on the bed "No more monkeys jumping on the bed!"
One fell off and bumped his head Three little monkeys jumping on the bed
Mama called the doctor and the doctor One fell off and bumped his head
said
Mama called the doctor and the doctor
"No more monkeys jumping on the said
bed!" "No more monkeys jumping on the bed!"
Two little monkeys jumping on the bed
Four little monkeys jumping on the bed

One fell off and bumped his head

One fell off and bumped his…

Answer the following items (5 pts.):

1. Which rhyming words can easily be noted?

 Bed, head, and said are rhyming words that are easily identified.

2. Is there a words with 3 syllables?

 There are no three-syllable words. Five, bed, fell, off, bumped, head, called, said, no, more = 1
syllable little, monkeys, jumping, mama, doctor = 2 syllables.

3. Which word has only one morpheme?

Five bed fell little one

4. Which word do you think can a child easily remember?

  Mama is one of the easiest words for a child to remember.

5. Which word is sang with a high pitch?

 More is the word that was sung in a high pitch.

DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

EXPLORE

Activity 5.

Instructions: Answer the following questions with a Yes or a No (Total pts. = 10):

1. Does the baby respond to his or her mother because they understand each other by heart?

 Yes

2. Is a baby attracted to low pitch sounds?

 Yes

3. Do babies had inborn preferences for sounds?

 Yes

4. Is eye contact necessary when communicating with a baby?

 Yes

5. Do babies perceive sounds the way adults do?

 Yes

6. Is a baby’s babbling nonsensical?

 Yes

7. Is the consonant cluster /td/ pronounceable?

 No

8. Can the hearing-impaired babies also produce sounds?

 No

9. Do children avoid a word which is hard for them to pronounce?

 Yes

10. Is the number of words you occasionally speak to a child more important than the number of times
you talk to her or him? No
DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

ELABORATE

Activity 6.

Instructions: Below is the list of phonological theories. Study them and identify a portion of the
discussion above (in Explain) which pertains to the said theories, and add them as extracts.
(Total pts. = 10)

1. Distinctive Feature Theory. In this theory the basic unit is the feature (not the phoneme),
which can't be broken into smaller units.
Extract:

• In this theory the basic unit is the feature (not the phoneme)
• features can't be broken into smaller units.
• Features are binary; all phonemes either have [+] or don't have [-] a particular feature.
• Several feature systems have been proposed.

• This theory could potentially help us clinically.

• If we look at features rather than phonemes errors that look unique at the phoneme level
may actually have a common basis.
• What looks like several errors may actually be a common problem of not having learned a
single feature.
• E.g., child’s errors may all be on [+] strident sounds or on [+] continuant sounds.

2. Generative Grammar. This theory says that when we have an idea to express, we choose the
morphemes we need. Then we assemble the words into utterances using the rules of the
grammar. This “plan” then goes to the speech motor system and is expressed physically.
Extract:

• This theory says that when we have an idea to express, we choose the morphemes we need.
• Then we assemble the words into utterances using the rules of the grammar.
• This “plan” then goes to the speech motor system and is expressed physically

• The rules specify how phonemes, morphemes, words, and utterances must be combined to
express the idea in a grammatically correct way
3. Generative Phonology. The theory says that phonological rules make use of distinctive
features. Sounds that share features form “natural sound classes”, which are often subject to
the same kinds of changes.
Extract:

• The theory says that phonological rules make use of distinctive features.
• Sounds that share features form “natural sound classes”.
• Natural sound classes are often subject to the same kinds of changes.

• If we want to apply this theory clinically we can examine a child’s productions.

• Look for changes that occur and the contexts in which they occur.
• The child may have their own set of rules.
• What looks like a series of independent errors may be the result of a common rule.
• If we can discover the child's rules we can try to change them and it should change all the
errors affected by the old rules.

4. Naturalness and Markedness. Features or sounds that are more common in the world’s
languages are considered more “natural”. As languages develop, certain sounds may be
selected for use because they are easier to learn. May be because they may be easier to
produce and/or easier to hear.
Extract:

• If sounds truly are more natural, many languages will select them for use.
• Features or sounds that are more natural are said to be "unmarked" because we assume they
are the ones children learn first.
• "Marked" features or sounds are those that are less common in the world’s languages.
• they may be harder to learn.

5. Natural Phonology. Natural phonology suggests that in their desire to communicate, children
simplify what they want to say to make it possible for them to produce it. • This theory assumes
that young children's "underlying representations" are just like an adult's

Extract:

• As their abilities improve, they slowly reduce the amount of simplification.

• Eventually their speech comes to sound like that of an adult.
• Simplifications = “natural processes”
• Believed to be innate, universal, mental operations.
• Sometimes just called phonological processes.
• Phonological development = learning to suppress (stop using) the natural processes.
• Phonological disorders = delay or inability to suppress the processes.
DATE:03-30-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

Module 2

My Realizations

Conclusion/ realization/ discovery/ insights gained (Total pts. = 10):

My conclusion on this subject is that infants and toddlers are capable and ready
communicators. Gestures, sounds, facial expressions, movements, and language are
all used to communicate. The ability of infants and toddlers to communicate grows as
they interact and communicate with others. Indeed, the sounds, tones, and patterns of
speech that an infant hears at a young age lay the groundwork for learning a specific
language. They start to understand words, express themselves verbally, and learn the
rules of conversation in their native language.

I also discovered that infants, whether intentionally or unintentionally, influence the

communication of others through verbal and nonverbal feedback. In addition, a
responsive, alert child may elicit more frequent communication and more complex
interactions from adults than a quieter child. Adults may perceive an infant who
vocalizes more frequently as understanding more, resulting in the adult interacting with
the infant more frequently and on a higher level. A child's social and interpersonal skills,
as well as their communication skills, will develop through interaction and play with
siblings and friends. These skills will make them feel at greater comfort in social
situations, where they will find it easier to strike up conversations with peers, and make
new friends. Through these relationships, they will also hone their listening skills as well
as their ability to empathise and interpret non-verbal communication cues.
DATE:03-06-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

Module 3

Engage

Activity 7.
Instructions: Below are the terms we usually hear or read. Tell which ones are real words in the English
vocabulary. Write Yes if it is; No if it is not (10 pts.). Then answer the question that follows.
1. songer No
2. confidant Yes
3. cookable No
4. flex Yes
5. Tiktokerist No
6. unlearn Yes
7. youniverse No
8. smartphone Yes
9. plantito No
10. sapiosexual Yes
Question: Do they have meaning to the user? Why? (5 pts.)

Yes, it is. A user is someone who employs or employs a specific thing, such as a Tiktok user. TikTok is a
massively popular app that allows users to create and share videos of up to 60 seconds in length. It is
particularly popular for lip-synced music videos. The app has given rise to a slew of young social media
influencers. Other influencers, such as entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuck, have also joined the platform
and have been sharing repurposed content that is more relevant to the demographic.
DATE:03-06-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

Explore

Activity 8.Instructions: Below are different items that require different responses. Read each instruction
carefully and provide the required answers (2 pts. each)1. Draw a referent of the word box.

2. For you, what is the meaning of the word flower. Give a short definition.Flower is defined as the part
of a plant that is often brightly colored and provides the pollen that is moved from plant to plant for
pollination. Flowers are small plants that are grown for their flowers as opposed to trees, shrubs, and
vegetables. Flowers are also called the bloom or blossom of a plant. Flowers have petals. Inside the part
of the flower that has petals are the parts which produce pollen and seeds.

3. Give a word that you can understand but you cannot usually use.Biblioklept is, in some ways, rather
pointless. It has two more syllables than book thief. It is also unlikely that some of the people with
whom you use it will understand it, so it cannot be said to aid communication. Fortunately, we do not
have a meritocracy in our vocabulary, and words that are useless have the same right to be included as
words that are useful.

4. What do you think “soup of spaghetti delicious” means?

5. Which words is easier for a child to learn – sister or niece?

Child might know different words such as sister and brother, but not niece. However, when confronted
with one, it is easier for them to learn the word because they are already familiar with related words.
Children start to say words somewhere around their first birthday. But they’re not a random subset of
adult vocabulary. They’re not learning words like 'peach' or 'neon 'brocoli.' That’s common sense, but
what’s really new is that they are learning these words in clusters and there might be some words that
are easier for children to learn and some that are harder.

DATE:03-06-21
NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

Module 3

Elaborate

Activity 9.
Instructions: Read the story below; then, analyze the situation by answering the
question that follow. Follow the outline provided.

Angela, 25, is a mother of a 3-year-old son named Nonoy. Nonoy likes to play with toy
guns and cars. He would use his toy guns to playfully shoot his father and brothers. He
would shout, “Tat, tat, tat,” as he does it. Sometimes, when Nonoy gets hold of a piece
of stick, a ladle, or broom, he would use it as a gun to play with. There was a time when
he almost got the knife on the table. Whenever plays with his toy cars, big or small, he
would sit on them as if riding, so some smaller toy cars got damaged easily. Angela
always get angry at Nonoy because of how he plays with his toys.

How will you explain Nonoy’s case to Angela? See Rubric 1 in the Appendices for
scoring. (Total pts. = 15)

One of your responsibilities as a parent is to teach your child proper behavior. It's a
time-consuming and patient job. I'd like to tell Angela that by using calm words and
actions, she can teach Nonoy the difference between right and wrong. Nonoy needs to
know when he does something wrong and when he does something right. Recognize
and praise good behavior, praising success and good tries. Teach your child not to hit,
bite, or engage in other aggressive behavior. Recognize sibling disagreements but
avoid taking sides. If there is a disagreement over a toy, the toy can be put away.
Explain that it's okay to be angry from time to time, but it's not okay to hurt someone or
break things. Teach them positive ways to deal with angry feelings, such as talking
about it.

Being a parent can be a rewarding but challenging experience. You can reduce your
stress and help your child thrive by showing your child love and respect, communicating
honestly, and remaining positive.
DATE:05-24-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

Instruction: In 1 – 3 sentence, briefly explain the following theories. See Rubric 1 in the
Appendices for scoring. (5 pts. Each; total pts. = 20)

1. Associationist Theory

The brain forms neural networks that permit information similar to a computer to be
processed in these theories. Instead of constructing abstract rules, learning is based on
associative processes. Learning is based on associative patterns rather than on rules.
Students are sensitive to input regularities. In consequence, on basis of these
regularities, they can extract probabilistic patterns.

2. Categorical or Semantic Feature Theory

Semantic features are theoretical units of meaning-holding components that are used to
represent the meaning of words. These characteristics are crucial in determining the
type of lexical relationship that exists between words in a language. Semantic features
allow linguistics to explain how words with similar features can belong to the same
semantic domain. Diverging semantic features explain the difference in word meanings
in the same way.

3. Cognitive Theories

A cognitive theory of learning views second language acquisition as a conscious and

reasoned thinking process involving the deliberate application of learning strategies.
Learning strategies are special ways of processing information that improve
comprehension, learning, or retention. Cognitive theories are distinguished by their
emphasis on the idea that how and what people think causes emotional arousal, and
that certain thoughts and beliefs lead to disturbed emotions and behaviors while others
lead to healthy emotions and adaptive behavior.

4. Prototype Theory

One important theory, prototype theory, holds that natural categories are organized
around ideal examples (prototypes), and that other items belong to the category to the
extent that they resemble the prototype. Prototype theory refers to graded
categorization where some members of a category are more central, or more perfect,
than others. This means that although some things may belong to a certain category of
elements, they still may be perceived as unequal.
DATE:03-06-21

NAME:MA.LORENA AKOL

PROGRAM&SECTION:BA ENGLISH 1E

Module 3

My Realizations

Conclusion/ realization/ discovery/ insights gained (Total pts. = 10):

This module has provided me with the following insights: Semantic skills are essential
for developing a global understanding. When a speech and language therapist
evaluates a child's semantics skills, they look at more than just vocabulary and word
meaning. If we look at how children learn languages, we will notice that in order for
them to understand what the names of simple ideas or substances stand for, people
usually show them the thing about which they want them to have an idea, and then
repeat to them the name that stands for it, such as 'white,"sweet,"milk,"sugar,' 'cat,'
'dog.' This may occur, but it cannot be how children learn to speak.

In addition, I discovered that nouns are frequently used in deictic-ostensive contexts by

young learners, whereas verbs are much less common in such contexts. Fast mapping
is one method for teaching children the meaning of a word. When children hear a word
for the first time, they frequently figure out what it means. This instinctive method of
learning makes use of information that the child already knows to assist him or her in
placing the word in the correct context. Frequently, the children narrow the meaning by
eliminating possibilities that already have words attached to them and applying the
unknown word to an object or action that does not have a name.

Understanding the world around us is very important for children's development. They
may also learn to speak and understand abstract concepts. For instance, if a child
learns that the word white means white, then they may be asked to repeat the name of
a simple idea or substance that they have learned.