Listening Skills
Listening Skills
skills
Contents
• Receptive and productive skills
• Hearing vs listening
• Hurrier model of listening
• Listening styles
• Types of listening
• Barriers to effective listening
• 10 principles of listening
What are receptive and productive skills?
• Skills relate to different
aspects of using
language
– listening, reading,
writing or speaking
• Two type:
– receptive and productive
Hearing vs Listening
• Hearing - accidental and automatic brain response
to sound that requires no effort
• For example, we are accustomed to the sounds of
airplanes, lawn mowers, furnace blowers, the rattling
of pots and pans, and so on
• We hear those incidental sounds and, unless we have
a reason to do otherwise, we train ourselves to
ignore them
Cont….
• Listening - purposeful and focused rather than
accidental and requires effort
• Listening is active, focused, concentrated attention
for the purpose of understanding the meanings
expressed by a speaker
• We do not always listen at our best
• Listening: the process of receiving, constructing
meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or non
-verbal messages
International Listening Association.
HURIER Model of Listening
• The acronym HURIER is sometimes used in academic
texts to summarize a model of effective listening
skills.
1. H – Hearing/ receiving
2. U – Understanding
3. R – Remembering
4. I – Interpreting
5. E – Evaluating
6. R – Responding
Listening for Communication
• Listening is an essential part of the
communication process
– A sender encodes his or her ideas or thoughts into
some form that is transmitted to the receiver
– The receiver must perceive the message and
accurately decode it so that an understanding of the
message is achieved
– The receiver then tells the sender that the message
has been received and understood through feedback
• Listening requires being active, showing
understanding, acknowledging the other person,
being sensitive and having focus
Listening as Active Process
• Listening as an active
process should therefore Listening to
speaker’s
involve: Removing signs &
all sounds
– being motivated and distractions
wanting to listen
– paying attention, being Feedback on
aware and interested in your
understandin
understanding g
– sharing responsibility for
communication with the
speaker
– using learned skills i.e. “how
to listen” Active Listening means
WHAT CAN THE
“LISTENER” DO TO
HELP THE “SPEAKER”
COMMUNICATE
MORE EFFECTIVELY”
Listening styles or PACT listening
1. People-oriented Listening Style
• The people-oriented listener is interested in the
speaker
– listen to the message in order to learn how the speaker
thinks and how they feel about their message
– likely to be more attentive to the speaker than to the
message
• If you tend to be such a listener,
understand that the message is
about what is important to the
speaker
2. Action-oriented Listening Style
• Action-oriented listeners - primarily interested in
finding out what the speaker wants
– Sometimes called task-oriented listening
– Listeners seeks a clear message about what needs to be
done
– Listeners might have less patience for listening to the
reasons behind the task
3. Content-oriented Listening Style
• Content-oriented listeners - interested in the
message itself, whether it makes sense, what it
means, and it’s accuracy
• Speaker must present the truth in the fullest way
• Emphasize an idea, but if you exaggerate, you could
lose credibility for your audience
• Do not omit important limitations
4. Time-oriented Listening Style
• Time-oriented listeners - prefer a message that gets
to the point quickly
– They can become impatient with slow delivery or lengthy
explanations
• Listeners receptive for only a brief span and may
become rude or even hostile if the speaker expects a
longer focus of attention.
Types of Listening
Discriminative Listening
• Discriminative listening is first developed at a very early age
– Fundamental form of listening
– Does not involve the understanding the meaning of words
or phrases but merely the different sounds that are
produced
• Discriminative listening develops through childhood and into
adulthood
– Helps to identify the age, gender, anger, happiness based
on the sound
Comprehensive Listening
• Comprehensive listening - understanding the
message or messages
• Comprehensive listening is complimented by sub-
messages from non-verbal communication
– tone of voice, gestures and other body language
– Listener uses knowledge and vocabulary to understand the
speaker’s speech
Empathic Listening
• Involves understanding the feelings and emotions
of the speaker – to put yourself into the speaker’s
shoes and share their thoughts
– does not involve making judgements or offering advice but
gently encouraging the speaker to explain and elaborate
on their feelings and emotions
• We are all capable of empathic listening and may
practice it with friends, family and colleagues
Critical Listening
• Evaluate or scrutinize what is being said
– involves some sort of problem solving or decision
making.
• It helps to evaluate if speakers are right or wrong,
logical, or illogical
• Requires an open-mind and not be biased by
stereotypes or preconceived ideas
Appreciative Listening
• Listener seeks certain information which they
will appreciate and meet his or her needs and
goals
• Based on personal preferences or bias
– For example, listening to a favorite song
– poetry
– seeking the stirring words of the speech
Barriers to Effective Listening
• It is common, when listening to someone else speak,
to be formulating a reply whilst the other person is
still talking.
• Even good listeners are often guilty of critically
evaluating what is being said before fully
understanding the message that the speaker is trying
to communicate.
• Listening is a key interpersonal skill and a prerequisite
to many other communication skills – by learning to
listen more effectively you can improve the quality of
your professional and personal life.
Common Barriers to Listening
• Barriers and bad habits to effective listening can
include:
1. Trying to listen to more than one conversation at a time
2. Focusing more on the speaker rather than the message
being conveyed to you
3. You are not interested in the topic/issue being discussed
and become bored
4. Not focusing and being easily distracted
Common Barriers to Listening
5. Identifying rather than empathizing - understanding
what you are hearing but not putting yourself in the
shoes of the speaker
6. You are prejudiced or biased towards the speaker and
you become judgmental. It may be because of a closed/
conservation mind set
7. Environmental factors
8. Cognitive limits
9. Technology and multitasking
10. Sudden Changes in Topic
Non-Verbal Signs of Ineffective Listening
Although with all non-verbal signals a certain amount
of error has to be expected, generally signs of
inattention while listening include:
1. Lack of eye contact with the speaker
2. An inappropriate posture
3. Being distracted
4. Inappropriate expressions and lack of head nods
The 10 Principles of Listening
• A good listener will listen not only to what is being said,
but also to what is left unsaid or only partially said
• For example, if someone tells you that they are happy
with their life but through gritted teeth or with tears
filling their eyes
• Listening is therefore not just a matter of using your ears,
but also your eyes.
• There are ten principles behind really good listening
The 10 Principles of Listening
SNo Principles of Listening
1 Don't talk, listen
2 Prepare Yourself to Listen
3 Put the Speaker at Ease
4 Remove Distractions
5 Empathize
6 Be Patient
7 Avoid Personal Prejudice
8 Listen to the Tone
9 Listen for Ideas – Not Just Words
10 Wait and Watch for Non-Verbal Communication
Thank you