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Listening Skills

This document discusses various aspects of listening skills. It defines receptive skills like listening and reading versus productive skills like speaking and writing. It distinguishes between simply hearing sound versus focused listening with intent to understand meaning. It describes the Hurrier model of effective listening as involving hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding. It also discusses different listening styles like people-oriented and action-oriented. Types of listening covered include discriminative, comprehensive, empathic, critical, and appreciative. Barriers to effective listening and non-verbal signs of inattentive listening are outlined. Finally, the 10 principles of listening are provided.

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Ahmad Awais
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
58 views27 pages

Listening Skills

This document discusses various aspects of listening skills. It defines receptive skills like listening and reading versus productive skills like speaking and writing. It distinguishes between simply hearing sound versus focused listening with intent to understand meaning. It describes the Hurrier model of effective listening as involving hearing, understanding, remembering, interpreting, evaluating, and responding. It also discusses different listening styles like people-oriented and action-oriented. Types of listening covered include discriminative, comprehensive, empathic, critical, and appreciative. Barriers to effective listening and non-verbal signs of inattentive listening are outlined. Finally, the 10 principles of listening are provided.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Awais
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Listening 

skills
Contents 

• Receptive and productive skills
• Hearing vs listening
• Hurrier model of listening 
• Listening styles 
• Types of listening
• Barriers to effective listening 
• 10 principles of listening
What are receptive and productive skills?

• Skills relate to different 
aspects of using 
language 
– listening, reading, 
writing or speaking 
• Two type:
– receptive and productive
Hearing vs Listening 

• Hearing -  accidental and automatic brain response 
to sound that requires no effort 
• For example, we are accustomed to the sounds of 
airplanes, lawn mowers, furnace blowers, the rattling 
of pots and pans, and so on
• We hear those incidental sounds and, unless we have 
a reason to do otherwise, we train ourselves to 
ignore them
Cont….

• Listening - purposeful and focused rather than 
accidental and requires effort
• Listening is active, focused, concentrated attention
for the purpose of understanding the meanings
expressed by a speaker
• We do not always listen at our best
• Listening: the process of receiving, constructing
meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or non
-verbal messages
International Listening Association.
HURIER Model of Listening

• The acronym HURIER is sometimes used in academic 
texts to summarize a model of effective listening 
skills. 
1. H – Hearing/ receiving 
2. U – Understanding
3. R – Remembering
4. I – Interpreting
5. E – Evaluating
6. R – Responding
Listening for Communication

• Listening is an essential part of the 
communication process
– A sender encodes his or her ideas or thoughts into 
some form that is transmitted to the receiver
– The receiver must perceive the message and 
accurately decode it so that an understanding of the 
message is achieved
– The receiver then tells the sender that the message 
has been received and understood through feedback
• Listening requires being active, showing
understanding, acknowledging the other person,
being sensitive and having focus
Listening as Active Process
• Listening as an active 
process should therefore  Listening to 
speaker’s 
involve: Removing  signs & 
all  sounds
– being motivated and  distractions
wanting to listen
– paying attention, being  Feedback on 
aware and interested in  your 
understandin
understanding g
– sharing responsibility for 
communication with the 
speaker
– using learned skills i.e. “how 
to listen” Active Listening means
WHAT CAN THE 
“LISTENER” DO TO 
HELP THE “SPEAKER” 
COMMUNICATE 
MORE EFFECTIVELY”
Listening styles or PACT listening
1. People-oriented Listening Style
• The people-oriented listener is interested in the 
speaker
– listen to the message in order to learn how the speaker 
thinks and how they feel about their message
– likely to be more attentive to the speaker than to the 
message
• If you tend to be such a listener, 
    understand that the message is               
    about what is important to the 
    speaker
2. Action-oriented Listening Style

• Action-oriented listeners - primarily interested in 
finding out what the speaker wants
– Sometimes called task-oriented listening
– Listeners seeks a clear message about what needs to be 
done 
– Listeners might have less patience for listening to the 
reasons behind the task
3. Content-oriented Listening Style

• Content-oriented listeners - interested in the 
message itself, whether it makes sense, what it 
means, and it’s accuracy
• Speaker must present the truth in the fullest way 
• Emphasize an idea, but if you exaggerate, you could 
lose credibility for your audience
• Do not omit important limitations
4. Time-oriented Listening Style

• Time-oriented listeners - prefer a message that gets 
to the point quickly
– They can become impatient with slow delivery or lengthy 
explanations 
• Listeners receptive for only a brief span and may 
become rude or even hostile if the speaker expects a 
longer focus of attention.
Types of Listening
Discriminative Listening

• Discriminative listening is first developed at a very early age
– Fundamental form of listening
– Does not involve the understanding the meaning of words 
or phrases but merely the different sounds that are 
produced
• Discriminative listening develops through childhood and into 
adulthood
– Helps to identify the age, gender, anger, happiness based 
on the sound
Comprehensive Listening

• Comprehensive listening - understanding the 
message or messages
• Comprehensive listening is complimented by sub-
messages from non-verbal communication 
– tone of voice, gestures and other body language
– Listener uses knowledge and vocabulary to understand the 
speaker’s speech
Empathic Listening

• Involves understanding the feelings and emotions 
of the speaker – to put yourself into the speaker’s 
shoes and share their thoughts
– does not involve making judgements or offering advice but 
gently encouraging the speaker to explain and elaborate 
on their feelings and emotions
• We are all capable of empathic listening and may 
practice it with friends, family and colleagues
Critical Listening

• Evaluate or scrutinize what is being said 
– involves some sort of problem solving or decision 
making.
• It helps to evaluate if speakers are right or wrong, 
logical, or illogical
• Requires an open-mind and not be biased by 
stereotypes or preconceived ideas
Appreciative Listening

• Listener seeks certain information which they 
will appreciate and meet his or her needs and 
goals
• Based on personal preferences or bias
– For example, listening to a favorite song 
– poetry 
– seeking the stirring words of the speech
Barriers to Effective Listening

• It is common, when listening to someone else speak, 
to be formulating a reply whilst the other person is 
still talking. 
• Even good listeners are often guilty of critically 
evaluating what is being said before fully 
understanding the message that the speaker is trying 
to communicate.  
• Listening is a key interpersonal skill and a prerequisite
to many other communication skills – by learning to 
listen more effectively you can improve the quality of 
your professional and personal life.
Common Barriers to Listening
• Barriers and bad habits to effective listening can 
include:
1. Trying to listen to more than one conversation at a time 
2. Focusing more on the speaker rather than the message 
being conveyed to you 
3. You are not interested in the topic/issue being discussed 
and become bored
4. Not focusing and being easily distracted  
Common Barriers to Listening
5. Identifying rather than empathizing - understanding 
what you are hearing but not putting yourself in the 
shoes of the speaker
6. You are prejudiced or biased towards the speaker and 
you become judgmental. It may be because of a closed/ 
conservation mind set
7. Environmental factors
8. Cognitive limits
9. Technology and multitasking
10. Sudden Changes in Topic
Non-Verbal Signs of Ineffective Listening

Although with all non-verbal signals a certain amount 
of error has to be expected,  generally signs of 
inattention while listening include:
1. Lack of eye contact with the speaker 
2. An inappropriate posture 
3. Being distracted 
4. Inappropriate expressions and lack of head nods
The 10 Principles of Listening

• A good listener will listen not only to what is being said, 
but also to what is left unsaid or only partially said
• For example, if someone tells you that they are happy 
with their life but through gritted teeth or with tears 
filling their eyes
• Listening is therefore not just a matter of using your ears,
but also your eyes. 
• There are ten principles behind really good listening
The 10 Principles of Listening
SNo Principles of Listening 
1 Don't talk, listen
2 Prepare Yourself to Listen
3 Put the Speaker at Ease
4 Remove Distractions
5 Empathize
6 Be Patient
7 Avoid Personal Prejudice
8 Listen to the Tone
9 Listen for Ideas – Not Just Words
10 Wait and Watch for Non-Verbal Communication
Thank you

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