Homework No.

2 (MEE 340)
(Due date: 9/18/2018)

Problem 1 (concept/definition/ simple calculations)

3–1C) Someone claims that the absolute pressure in a liquid of constant density doubles when the
depth is doubled. Do you agree? Explain.
No, gage pressure is the one that doubles, not the absolute pressure.

3–5C) What is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure?
- Gage pressure: pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.
- Absolute pressure = Pgage + Patm

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3–8) A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 36 kPa at a location where the atmospheric

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pressure is 92 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber
|¿|

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Pvacuum=P atm−P ¿
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|¿|=P
atm −P vacuum=92−36=56 kPa
∴ P¿
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3–15) The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 8 m is read to be 175 kPa. Determine (a) the local
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atmospheric pressure, and (b) the absolute pressure at a depth of 8 m in a liquid whose specific gravity
is 0.78 at the same location.
A)
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1000 kg
3
∗9.81 m
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m m∗1 kPa
Patm =P−ρgh=175 kPa− 2
∗8 =96.5 kPa
s 1000 N
m2
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B)
780 kg
∗9.81 m
m3 m∗1 kPa
P=Patm + ρgh=96.5 kPa+ 2
∗8 =157.7 kPa
1000 N
sh

s
m2

3–60C) Define the resultant hydrostatic force acting on a submerged surface, and the center of
pressure.

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 - Resultant hydrostatic force: Resultant pressure forces acting on a surface.
- Center of pressure: Point where the resultant force is applied.

3–61C) Someone claims that she can determine the magnitude of the hydrostatic force acting on a
plane surface submerged in water regardless of its shape and orientation if she knew the vertical
distance of the centroid of the surface from the free surface and the area of the surface. Is this a valid
claim? Explain.
It is. When an object is completely submerged in a fluid, the force applied is homogeneous on the body.

Problem 2
3–38) A mercury manometer ( = 13,600 kg/m3) is connected to an air duct to measure the pressure
inside. The difference in the manometer levels is 10 mm, and the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. (a)
Judging from Fig. P3–38, determine if the pressure in the duct is above or below the atmospheric
pressure. (b) Determine the absolute pressure in the duct.

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A)

Above, because the mercury in the duct is at a lower level than the
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air in the tube.

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B)

1N
m∗
( )
1 kg∗m
∗1kPa
is

13600 kg
∗9.81m
m 3
s2
Th

gage + Patm =Patm + ρgh=100 kPa+ =101.3 kPa

|¿|=P ∗0.01
s2 1000 N
m2
P¿
sh

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 Problem 3
3–59) Consider a hydraulic jack being used in a car repair shop, as in Fig. P3–59. The pistons have an
area of A1 = 0.8 cm2 and A2 = 0.04 m2. Hydraulic oil with a specific gravity of 0.870 is pumped in as the
small piston on the left side is pushed up and down, slowly raising the larger piston on the right side. A
car that weighs 13,000 N is to be jacked up. (a) At the beginning, when both pistons are at the same
elevation (h = 0), calculate the force F 1 in newtons required to hold the weight of the car. (b) Repeat
the calculation after the car has been lifted two meters (h = 2 m). Compare and discuss."

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A)
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F 2∗A1 N∗0.8 c m
2
1m
2
F 1=
A2
=13000
0.04 m
2
∗
100 cm (
=26 N )
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B)
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870 kg
∗9.81 m
F 2∗A1 N∗0.8 c m 1m m3 2 2
1m 2
F 1= + ρgh=13000 ∗ + ( ∗2)m∗0.8 c m2
∗ =27.4 N ( )
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A2 0.04 m 2 100 cm s2 100 cm

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There is a higher force required in order to keep the car elevated because of the difference in elevation.
sh

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 Problem 4
3–54) Two chambers with the same fluid at their base are separated by a 30-cm-diameter piston
whose weight is 25 N, as shown in Fig. P3–54. Calculate the gage pressures in chambers A and B.

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1000 kg
∗9.81 m
W pist 25 N m3 m∗1 N
PA= + ρg hC−E = 2
+ 2
∗0.25 =2.81 kPa
A pist ( π∗0.3 m) s kg∗m
1 2
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4 s
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1000 kg
∗9.81 m
W pist 25 N m3 m∗1 N
PB = −ρg hC− D= =−2.1 kPa
is

2
− 2
∗0.25
A pist ( π∗0.3 m ) s kg∗m
1
Th

4 s2
sh

Problem 5
3–67) Consider a heavy car submerged in water in a lake with a flat bottom. The driver’s side door of
the car is 1.1 m high and 0.9 m wide, and the top edge of the door is 10 m below the water surface.
Determine the net force acting on the door (normal to its surface) and the location of the pressure

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 center if (a) the car is well-sealed and it contains air at atmospheric pressure and (b) the car is filled
with water.

A)

1000 kg 1.1 m

( ( )
)
3
∗9.81 m 10 m+ ∗1 kN
m 2m
Fnet =ρgh∗A= ∗( 0.9 m∗1.1 m )=102.5 kN
s2 kg∗m
1000 2
s

B)

If the car is filled with water, the Fnet is 0 because there is no pressure difference between inside and

outside of the car

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Problem 6

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3-75) A 6-m-high, 5-m-wide rectangular plate blocks the end of a 5-m-deep freshwater channel, as

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shown in Fig. P3–75. The plate is hinged about a horizontal axis along its upper edge through a point A
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and is restrained from opening by a fixed ridge at point B. Determine the force exerted on the plate by
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the ridge.
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ed d
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1000 kg
is

∗9.81m
m3
∗5 m
Th

2
s
∗1 kN
2m 24.5 kN
P=ρgh= =
1000
kg∗m m2
sh

s2

24.5 kN
FWall =P∗A= ∗6 m∗5 m=753.9 kN
m2

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 2 hbottom−water 2∗5 m
hwater − A + 1 m+
3 3
Fridge = ∗F wall= ∗753.9 kN =544.5 kN
h A −B 5 m+1 m

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Problem 7
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3–79) A water trough of semicircular cross section of radius 0.6 m consists of two symmetric parts
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hinged to each other at the bottom, as shown in Fig. P3–79. The two parts are held together by a cable
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and turnbuckle placed every 3 m along the length of the trough. Calculate the tension in each cable
when the trough is filled to the rim.
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1000 kg
∗9.81 m 2
FVertical =ρg∗V =
m3
s2 4 (
3∗π∗( 0.6 m )
=8321 N )
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1000 kg
∗9.81m
m3 0.6 m
F Horizont al =ρ gh∗A=
s 2
2m ( )
( 0.6 m∗3 m) =5297 N

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 F=√ F 2H + F 2V =√5297 2+ 83212=9864 N

FV 8321 N
θ=tan −1
FH
=tan−1 (
5297 N
=57.5 ° )
T =F sin( 90−θ)=9864 N sin ( 90−57.5 ) =5300 N

* You may discuss the homework assignments with your classmates. But you should independently
prepare your homework solutions. Zero grade will be given to students who have identical solutions
to others or solution manuals.

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