Insights On Communion by Rick Renner

Companion Study Guide 5 LESSONS
RICK RENNER
Communion has been a major practice in the Christian Church for more than 2,000
years. You have most likely received the Communion elements more times than
you can count. But do you really know what it means? Is it just a religious ritual, or
is there a greater spiritual significance to partaking of “the bread and the juice”? In
this inspiring five-part series with introductions filmed in the historic Upper Room
in Jerusalem, Rick Renner expounds on the inseparable link between components
of covenant and Communion. He will take you on a gospel-by-gospel study of the
first Communion Jesus served to His disciples, revealing what Christ meant when
He said, “This do in remembrance of Me.” You’ll also learn how the Lord’s Table is a
source of supernatural provision.
Unless otherwise indicated, all scripture quotations are taken from the King
James Version of the Bible.
Scripture quotations marked (TLB) are taken from The Living Bible copyright
© 1971. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., Carol Stream,
Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.
Insights on Communion
Copyright © 2020 by Rick Renner

8316 E. 73rd St.
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74133
Published by Rick Renner Ministries

www.renner.org
Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No portion of

this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means —
electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, scanning, or other — except
for brief quotations in critical reviews or articles, without the prior written
permission of the Publisher.
2 | STUDY GUIDE
A Note From
Rick Renner
I am on a personal quest to see a “revival of
the Bible” so people can establish their lives on
a firm foundation that will stand strong and
endure the test when the end-time storm winds
begin to intensify.
In order to experience a revival of the Bible in
your personal life, it is important to take time
each day to read, receive, and apply its truths to your life. James tells us
that if we will continue in the perfect law of liberty — refusing to be
forgetful hearers but determined to be doers — we will be blessed in
our ways. As you watch or listen to the programs in this series and work
through this corresponding study guide, I trust that you will search the
Scriptures and allow the Holy Spirit to help you hear something new
from God’s Word that applies specifically to your life. I encourage you to
be a doer of the Word that He reveals to you. Whatever the cost, I assure
you — it will be worth it.
Thy words were found, and I did eat them;
and thy word was unto me the joy and rejoicing of mine heart:
for I am called by thy name, O Lord God of hosts.
— Jeremiah 15:16
Your brother and friend in Jesus Christ,
Rick Renner
Insights on Communion | 3
How To Use This
Study Guide
This five-lesson study guide corresponds to “Insights on Communion” With
Rick Renner (Renner TV). Each lesson in this study guide covers a topic
that is addressed during the program series, with questions and references
supplied to draw you deeper into your own private study of the Scriptures
on this subject.
To derive the most benefit from this study guide, consider the following:
First, watch or listen to the program prior to working through the corre-
sponding lesson in this guide. (Programs can also be viewed at renner.org
by clicking on the Media/Archives links.)
Second, take the time to look up the scriptures included in each lesson.
Prayerfully consider their application to your own life.
Third, use a journal or notebook to make note of your answers to each
lesson’s Study Questions and Practical Application challenges.
Fourth, invest specific time in prayer and in the Word of God to consult
with the Holy Spirit. Write down the scriptures or insights He reveals
to you about being filled with the Spirit and empowered by Him in your
daily life.
Finally, take action! Whatever the Lord tells you to do according to His
Word, do it.
For additional study material, it is recommended that you obtain Denise
Renner’s book Redeemed From Shame. You may also select from Rick’s
available resources by placing your order at renner.org or by calling
1-800-742-5593.
4 | STUDY GUIDE
LESSON 1
TOPIC
Components of a Covenant
SCRIPTURES
1. Hebrews 6:13, 14, 17 — For when God made promise to Abraham,
because he could swear by no greater, he sware by himself, saying,
Surely blessing I will bless thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee.
Wherein God, willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of
promise the immutability of his counsel, confirmed it by an oath.
2. 1 Corinthians 11:27-30 — Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread,
and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body
and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and so let
him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and
drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not
discerning the Lord’s body. For this cause many are weak and sickly
among you, and many sleep.
3. 1 Samuel 18:3, 4 — Then Jonathan and David made a covenant,
because he loved him as his own soul. And Jonathan stripped himself
of the robe that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments,
even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.
GREEK WORDS
1. “sware” — ὀμνύω (omnuo): to make an unbreakable promise
2. “by himself ” — καθ’ ἑαυτοῦ (kath heautou): by himself; on the basis
of himself; according to himself
3. “oath” — ὅρκος (horkos): an oath that fences one in; an oath that per-
petually binds; an oath from which there is no way out
SYNOPSIS
The five lessons in this study entitled Insights on Communion will focus on
the following topics:
• Components to a Covenant
• What Is the Significance of Communion to You and Me?
• A Gospel-by-Gospel Comparison of Communion
• What Does It Mean To Be Guilty of the Blood and Body of Jesus?
• The Supernatural Element in Communion
The emphasis of this lesson:

The nine components of a covenant are: covenant promises, a blood
sacrifice, a bloody path, blessings and curses, the mingling of blood, the
exchange of names, an exchange of gifts, a covenant meal, and a memo-
rial event.
On the night Jesus was betrayed into the hands of the religious leaders,
He shared one final Passover meal with His disciples. With that meal,
He served them what we have come to know as Communion. In those
sacred moments, Jesus and His disciples entering into covenant with each
other. In the same way, when we partake of Communion today, we enter
into covenant with Christ personally and reaffirm the eternal covenant
God made with us through His Son Jesus Christ. Understanding what a
covenant is and what it means is foundational to understanding and truly
appreciating Communion.
THE NINE COMPONENTS

OF A COVENANT
Component One: Covenant Promises
There are four primary reasons for choosing to enter into a covenant part-
nership with someone. These include a desire for relationship, protection,
trust, and love. When two parties enter into a covenant, it guarantees each
of them can expect faithfulness, loyalty, and dependability from the other.
In the Old Testament, they also made promises to each other, and the
covenant they established extended to many generations. We see this in
the example of the covenant made between David and Saul’s son Jonathan
(see 1 Samuel 20:16,17).
In the Old Testament, when you made a covenant with an individual, it
meant you also honored it with his family for up to seven generations. The
number seven symbolized forever. When Jonathan died, David’s covenant
with him extended to his grandson Mephibosheth. For Jonathan’s sake,
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David cared for and treated Mephibosheth like royalty. This lets us know
covenants are a serious matter and they are to be kept.
Component Two: A Blood Sacrifice

In every covenant, there was always some kind of blood sacrifice. The word
for “covenant” in Hebrew literally means to cut until the blood flows. There
could be no covenant without the shedding of blood. The words “to cut a
covenant” refers to cutting until the blood flows.
Normally, when a covenant was cut, an animal would be cut down the
backbone, and the two halves of the carcass were placed side by side to
form a wall of blood, leaving a path of blood on the ground in between
the pieces. This is seen in Genesis 15 when Abraham killed an assortment
of animals and placed their halves in position to prepare for making a
covenant with God. These were the blood sacrifice. Interestingly, the
reason Abraham was called the “friend of God” was because God entered
into a covenant with him.
Component Three: A Bloody Path

In order for there to be a blood sacrifice, blood had to be shed. Once
animals were sacrificed and their pieces laid out on the ground, the people
making the covenant with each other often joined hands and walked
through the pieces upon the bloody path. This symbolized both partners
dying to self and becoming one. Often witnesses from both sides attended
to watch the covenant-making event.
When God made His covenant with Abraham, Abraham sacrificed all
the animals and placed their halves on the ground. As he waited for God
to arrive, the Bible says, “…A deep sleep fell upon Abram; and lo, an
horror of great darkness fell upon him” (Genesis 15:12). God brought an
immobilizing sleep on Abram so that he could not move. Then a smoking
furnace and a burning lamp passed through the pieces of the animals (see
Genesis 15:17). These images represented the presence of God. Abram
watched from his trance-like state as God Himself, by Himself, walked
through the midst of the sacrificed animals. God made the covenant with
Himself. This is what is known as the Abrahamic Covenant.
Hebrews 6:13 says, “For when God made promise to Abraham, because
he could swear by no greater, he sware by himself.” The word “sware” here
is the Greek word omnuo, which means to make an unbreakable promise.
God made an unbreakable promise “by himself,” which in the Greek
literally means by himself; on the basis of himself; according to himself. No one
else participated in the promise that was made.
God continued in the very next verse, “Saying, Surely blessing I will bless
thee, and multiplying I will multiply thee” (Hebrews 6:14). Basically, God
stood in the midst of those pieces, looked at Abraham and said, “I am
bound and determined to bless you. I’m going to multiply you in spite of
all the mistakes you have made. I Myself have chosen you.”
In Hebrews 6:17, the writer went on to say, “Wherein God, willing more
abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his
counsel, confirmed it by an oath.” The word “oath” here in Greek is the
word horkos, and it describes an oath that fences one in; an oath that perpetu-
ally binds; an oath from which there is no way out. This means God promised
by His own name to never walk away from Abraham — regardless of
what Abraham did.
Later, God did require Abraham to participate in the bloody side of the
covenant through the act of circumcision. This cutting away of the flesh
meant that every time Abraham saw himself privately, he was reminded
of his covenant with God. It was an inescapable reminder in the most
intimate area of who he was.
Component Four: Blessings and Curses

The partners cutting covenant together would pledge a never-ending
commitment to each other, which included a continual flow of blessings.
They would also acknowledge the curses of punishment for breaking the
covenant. Most often, this was understood to be the curse of death that
would come upon those who were unfaithful to a covenant.
This brings us to what the apostle Paul wrote about Communion in First
Corinthians 11:27-30. He said, “Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread,
and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body
and blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and so let him
eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and drinketh
unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning
the Lord’s body. For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and
many sleep.”
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In essence, this means if you don’t keep your commitment in your
covenant with God, you can reap negative consequences. This is what the
Bible tells us with every single covenant that was ever made. The blessings
connected to the covenant belonged to those who remained faithful to it.
Component Five: The Mingling of Blood

In every covenant there was always the mingling of blood. Blood in the
Bible — and in many ancient cultures — symbolizes life. Leviticus 17:11
says, “For the life of the flesh is in the blood….” A covenant symbolizes
taking in the blood of another and thereby acquiring that person’s life.
When someone gave their blood, it represented the giving of their life.
Likewise, in a covenant, when someone took in the blood of another, it
represented the taking in of their life.
There were a number of rituals for mingling the blood in the making of
a covenant. In some cases, covenant partners would stand in the path of
the blood that was spread on the ground from the sacrificed animal and
then cut themselves and mingle their blood. Another custom was for
covenant partners to put drops of each person’s blood into a cup of wine,
and then each partner would drink from it. A third common practice was
for covenant partners to cut their palms and then entwine them together
to mingle the blood.
By taking another person’s blood, you literally became a partaker of that
person’s life and nature. In this way, two unrelated people could become
one “flesh and blood.” In the ancient world, this practice was often called
“brothering” because it put two into a blood relationship of one. This was
not a mere figure of speech. It was a very real and legal transaction that
was not entered into lightly.
Component Six: The Exchange of Names

Along with the blood sacrifice, blessings and curses, and the mingling of
blood, there was also a mingling or exchange of names to signify a covenant.
Both partners might add the other’s name to his or hers, or one might
take on the other’s name — a practice that is still common today in the
covenant of marriage.
In the Old Testament, when God entered into covenant with Abram,
He changed Abram’s name to Abraham, and He changed Sarai’s name
to Sarah. Similarly, God changed Jacob’s name to Israel and Saul to Paul.
Even Jesus — God in the flesh — changed Simon’s name to Peter. We will
see the importance of this in the lessons ahead.
Component Seven: An Exchange of Gifts

Not only were names exchanged between covenant partners, but also
gifts were exchanged. We see this custom demonstrated in the covenant
relationship between David and Jonathan. In First Samuel 18:3 and 4,
the Bible says, “Then Jonathan and David made a covenant, because he
loved him as his own soul. And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe
that was upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his
sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.”
What is interesting is that each of the items mentioned had significance.
A person’s robe represented the identity and authority of the person. When
Jonathan gave David his robe, he was giving him his identity and author-
ity. A sword represented strength and protection. By giving David his sword,
Jonathan was saying, “I promise to use all my power to protect you.”
Finally, the girdle represented a person’s possessions and their wealth. When
Jonathan gave David his girdle, it was the same as saying, “Whatever I
have is at your disposal.”
Component Eight: A Covenant Meal

Along with the aforementioned elements, covenant partners typically
shared a covenant meal. This consisted of bread and wine. The bread
represented flesh. It was also symbolic of a person’s wealth and all that he
or she possessed. Covenant partners would take a loaf of bread and divide it
in half, symbolizing the sharing of one another’s resources. When people
cut covenant and broke bread together, it was the equivalent of saying,
“Everything I have is at your disposal.”
Wine represented blood. Covenant partners could drink wine as a symbol of
blood, giving their life to the other. Depending on the church, wine or juice
is used in the taking of Communion. Both are produced by the crushing
or squeezing of grapes, which depicts that life has been given; someone has
sacrificed their life, shedding their blood to keep the covenant.
Bread was the promise of shared wealth and possessions, and wine sym-
bolized the life’s blood to empower the promise. The drinking of the cup
was each participant’s way of saying, “If I have to give my life to empower
10 | STUDY GUIDE
this covenant, I will give it. I will give everything I have to stand by the
commitment I’m making to you this day.”
Component Nine: A Memorial Event

One of the most important components of making a covenant was a
memorial event. This was a reminder to all parties — and a visible witness
— that a covenant had been made. Some examples of memorial events
from Scripture include:
• The rainbow – God stretched a rainbow across the sky as a sign of
the covenant He made with Noah and all the creatures of the earth
that He would never destroy the earth again by a flood (see Genesis
9:8-17). Every time we see a rainbow, we are reminded of this cove-
nant.
• Circumcision – The cutting away of the foreskin, or circumcision,
was given as a sign of the Abrahamic Covenant (see Genesis 17).
• The planting of trees – Abraham planted a grove of trees in Beer-
sheba as witness to the covenant he made with Abimelech (see Gene-
sis 21).
• Erecting a stone pillar - Jacob and Laban erected a stone pillar as
witness to their covenant (see Genesis 31).
There was always a memorial event or witness to the covenant that was
made between covenant partners. Understanding these nine components
of the covenant is very helpful in understanding Communion.
STUDY QUESTIONS
Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that
needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.
— 2 Timothy 2:15
1. When God made His “oath” to Abraham (see Hebrews 6:13-17), He

swore by His own name that He would never, ever abandon Abraham
or renege on His covenant with him. According to Galatians 3:13-
18 and verse 26-29, how are you a recipient of the same blessings
promised to Abraham? How does this level of commitment from God
encourage you?
2. The word “covenant” in Hebrew literally means to cut until the blood
flows. The book of Hebrews has much to say about the Blood. Care-
fully read these verses and identify the power and indispensable impor-
tance of the Blood of Jesus. How is His Blood vastly superior to the
blood of animals?
• Hebrews 9:12-14
• Hebrew 9:22
• Hebrews 10:4, 10-14
• Hebrews 10:19-22
PRACTICAL APPLICATION
But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only,
deceiving your own selves.
— James 1:22
1. Before you began this lesson, what was your understanding of a

covenant? What connection — if any — were you aware of between a
covenant and Communion?
2. How often do you take Communion at your church? Do you look
forward to it? If so, why?
3. Do you ever take Communion on your own — just you and the Lord?
How about with your family? What have these experiences been like,
and what have you most enjoyed about them?
4. When God made His covenant with Abraham, He put Abraham to
sleep and walked through the pieces of the sacrificed animals alone.
Thus, God made the covenant with Himself. Why do you think God
did this — especially in light of the blessings and curses connected
with cutting a covenant?
12 | STUDY GUIDE
LESSON 2
TOPIC
What Is the Significance of
Communion to You and Me?
SCRIPTURES
1. 2 Peter 1:3, 4 — According as his divine power hath given unto us all
things that pertain unto life and godliness, through the knowledge of
him that hath called us to glory and virtue. Whereby are given unto
us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be
partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in
the world through lust.
2. Hebrews 9:12 — Neither by the blood of goats and calves, but by his
own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained
eternal redemption for us.
3. Colossians 1:14 — In whom we have redemption through his blood,
even the forgiveness of sins.
4. John 14:13, 14 — And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will
I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. If ye shall ask any
thing in my name, I will do it.
5. 1 Corinthians 5:17 — Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new
creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become
new.
6. Ephesians 6:10 — …be strong in the Lord, and in the power of his
might.
7. Philippians 4:13 — I can do all things through Christ which
strengtheneth me.
8. John 16:15 — All things that the Father hath are mine: therefore said
I, that he shall take of mine, and shall shew it unto you.
9. Romans 8:16, 17 — The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit,
that we are the children of God. And if children, then heirs; heirs of
God, and joint-heirs with Christ….
10. Ephesians 1:13 — In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the
word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye
believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise.
GREEK WORDS
1. “hath given” — δωρέομαι (doreomai): in this passage, past tense; to
bequeath; to amply give; to generously donate; to fully supply
2. “all things” — πάντα (panta): all things; it’s an all-encompassing term;
nothing is excluded
3. “life” — ζωή (zoe): present life; life of all kinds, especially spiritual life
4. “godliness” — εὐσέβεια (eusebeia): particularly describes godliness and
what is related to godlikeness
5. “given” — δωρέομαι (doreomai): to bequeath; to amply give; to gener-
ously donate; to fully supply
6. “exceeding great” — μέγιστα (megista): magnificent; stunning;
impressive
7. “precious” — τίμιος (timios): of great value; of great worth
8. “promises” — ἐπάγγελμα (epangelma): pronouncements; promises
9. “partakers” — κοινωνία (koinonia): from the word κοινός (koinos),
which refers to things that are common or mutually shared, such as
property that jointly belongs to two or more people; the ideas of com-
monality or connectedness is intrinsic to the meaning of this word;
when κοινός (koinos) develops into the word κοινωνός (koinonos), it
conveys the ideas of engagement, involvement, fellowship, or partici-
pation
10. “escaped” — ἀποφεύγω (apopheugo): escaped from; separated from
11. “corruption” — φθορά (phthora): corruption; decay; decomposition;
perishableness; rottenness
SYNOPSIS
The practice of receiving Communion originated with Christ Himself
over 2,000 years ago in the upper room in Jerusalem. A careful study of
the New Testament reveals from that moment forward, believers regularly
began partaking of Communion as a part of their worship. Rather than
being just a religious ritual, Communion had great significance then —
and it still has significance now. Indeed, there is great meaning in the
bread that we break and the cup from which we drink.
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In our first lesson, we examined nine components of an ancient covenant.
In most covenants there were covenant promises, a blood sacrifice, a
bloody path, blessings and curses, a mingling of blood, a change of names,
an exchange of gifts, a covenant meal, and finally, a memorial event. Let’s
review each of these components and see how each one applies to our
walk of faith.

There is a powerful connection between the nine components of a cov-
enant and the practice of taking Communion. All of these components
can be identified in the new covenant Jesus made with us through the
Cross, and all have significance in our relationship with Him.
HOW THE COMPONENTS

OF A COVENANT APPLY TO YOU
The Significance of Covenant Promises
There are four primary reasons for choosing to enter into a covenant
partnership with someone: to have relationship and obtain protection,
trust, and love. These elements were guaranteed to those who cut covenant
together. And with the covenant, there was an exchange of promises. This
is seen today in the promises, or vows, husbands and wives make to each
other when they enter marriage, which is based on the ancient tradition of
cutting a covenant.
The Bible details for us the promises of Jesus, should we choose to enter
into a covenant with Him. In addition to eternal life, we are promised
everything we need for life and godliness. Second Peter 1:3 says, “Accord-
ing as his divine power hath given unto us all things that pertain unto life
and godliness, through the knowledge of him that hath called us to glory
and virtue.”
When the Scripture says “hath given,” it is the Greek word dureomai,
which is past tense and means to bequeath; to amply give; to generously
donate; or to fully supply. Jesus hath given unto us “all things,” which is
the Greek word panta, meaning all things; it is all encompassing; nothing
excluded. The things He has given us pertain to “life” — the Greek word
zoe, which indicates present life; life of all kinds; especially spiritual life. They
also pertain to “godliness,” which in Greek is the word eusebeia, which
particularly describes godliness and what is related to godlikeness. This means
Jesus has given us everything we need for this present life and our future
life. This includes healing, deliverance, soundness, preservation, wholeness,
and eternal salvation. Think about it. We have been given the Blood of
Jesus, the Word of God, the power of the Holy Spirit, and Heaven itself !
Second Peter 1:4 goes on to say, “Whereby are given unto us exceeding
great and precious promises: that by these ye might be partakers of the
divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through
lust.” The word “given” here is again the Greek word dureomai, which is
past tense and means to bequeath; to amply give; to generously donate; or to
fully supply.
Jesus has fully supplied us with “exceeding great and precious promises.”
The words “exceeding great” in Greek describe something magnificent,
stunning, and impressive. The word “precious” is the Greek word timios,
which means of great value; of great worth. And the word “promises” is the
Greek word epanggelma, which describes pronouncements or promises. God
made stunning and magnificent promises when He entered into covenant
with us through Jesus.
In fact, the Bible says that we are “partakers of the divine nature.” The
word “partakers” is from the Greek word koinonia, which is from the
word koinos, and refers to things that are common or mutually shared, such as
property that jointly belongs to two or more people. The idea of commonality
or connectedness is intrinsic to the meaning of this word. When koinos
develops into the word koinonos, it conveys the ideas of engagement,
involvement, fellowship, or participation. Therefore, when Scripture says we
are “partakers of the divine nature,” it means we mutually share the same
nature with Christ.
Verse 4 also tells us we have “…escaped the corruption that is in the
world through lust.” The word “escaped” is the Greek word apopheugo,
which means escaped from or separated from. And the word “corruption” is
the Greek word phthora, which describes corruption; decay; decomposition;
perishableness; or rottenness. The use of these words tells us that when we
accepted God’s new covenant through Jesus, we were separated from the
corruption and decay of the world and became mutual sharers in Christ’s
divine nature. This was made possible through His blood sacrifice.
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The Significance of the Blood Sacrifice
In every covenant there was also a blood sacrifice. We saw that the word
for “covenant” in Hebrew means to cut until the blood flows. Jesus, who was
God in the flesh, made a covenant with us with His own blood. Hebrews
12:24 says He is the Mediator of the new covenant, which was completed
with the sprinkling of His blood.
When Jesus hung on the Cross, He became the blood sacrifice — the
Passover Lamb (see 1 Corinthians 5:7) — to not just cover our sins, to take
our sins away. Hebrews 9:12 tells us, “Neither by the blood of goats and
calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having
obtained eternal redemption for us.” Jesus really shed His own blood to
pay the penalty for our sins.
The Significance of the Bloody Path

Of course with every blood sacrifice, there was a bloody path created. We
see that this took place when Jesus gave His life for us. As His body was
tightly fastened to the whipping post, the scourge of the Roman soldiers
cut deep into His flesh, lacerating capillaries and veins and causing great
amounts of blood to flow. From the whipping post to the place called
Golgatha, the broken and pulverized body of our Savior dripped with
blood, and as He carried His Cross, He walked in the path of His own
blood.
And just as there were normally witnesses who watched as covenants
were made between two parties, there were hundreds — perhaps even
thousands — of people who stood watching as Jesus walked that road
to Calvary. They saw Him as He walked along the path drenched with
His own blood. Although they did not understand it, they were living
witnesses of the new covenant God was cutting with Christ on behalf of
all mankind.
The Significance of Blessings and Curses

A fourth component of ancient covenants was blessings and curses. Cove-
nant partners would swear a solemn commitment to each other that came
with blessings for honoring the covenant and curses for breaking it. If one
broke a covenant, it called down the curse of death on himself.
When Christ saved us, He also blessed us. Ephesians 1:3 says, “Blessed be
the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with
all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ.” Jesus has given His
life to us, and we have given our lives to Him in reciprocation. This is the
great exchange. We make a solemn oath to die to ourselves — to abandon
independent living — and to become one with Him and to live under His
Lordship.
The Significance of Mingling of Blood

We learned in our previous lesson that life is in the blood (see Leviticus
17:11). Although many people today do not have this revelation, it was
believed in most early cultures. When someone gave their blood, they were
literally giving their life. Those who partook of another’s blood became a
co-joiner or participant in that person’s life.
The mingling of blood in a covenant symbolizes taking in the blood of
another and thereby acquiring that person’s life. In this way, two unrelated
people become one “flesh and blood.” In ancient cultures, there was a
term for this exchange known as “brothering.” When a person partook of
another person’s blood, he or she became a legal brother of that person.
Similarly, when you received Jesus’ Blood, you became His brother or sister
through the new covenant. Jesus is our elder brother (see Romans 8:29).
If you think about it, you were spiritually reborn as a child of God when
you repented of your sins and received Christ as your Lord and Savior. At
the same time, you also received a spiritual blood transfusion. You gave
Him your sinful, dying blood, and He gave you His perfect, living blood
(see Hebrews 9:14). Colossians 1:14 confirms this saying, “In whom we
have redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins.”
As a born-again child of God, the Holy Spirit indwells you, and Jesus’
blood cleanses you. Even though your physical body may look the same,
you are a new creation in Christ — the old has passed away and the new
has come (see 2 Corinthians 5:17).
The Significance of Changing Names

Another important component of a covenant was the changing of names.
When we received Jesus, He gave us His name to use! He said, “And
whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be
glorified in the Son” ( John 14:13). To make sure that we heard Him, Jesus
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said again in the very next verse, “If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I
will do it” ( John 14:14).
Friend, when we partook of Jesus’ body and blood and entered into
covenant with Him, we were given the Name that is far above every name
(see Philippians 2:9), and in the Name of Jesus we can heal the sick, cast
out devils, and call Heaven to earth. We can confidently pray in His Name
— presenting all that He is — and receive all that we need according to
His Word!
The Significance of Exchange of Gifts

There was also always an exchange of gifts in the making of a covenant. In
our previous lesson, we saw how Jonathan and David made a covenant
with each other, and Jonathan gave David his robe, his weapons, and
his girdle. The robe represented his identity and authority; his weapons
represented the gift of his power and protection; and his girdle signified
the giving of all his wealth and possessions. It was the equivalent of saying,
“Whatever I have is at your disposal.”
Similarly, when we entered into covenant with Christ, He gave us His
robe. That is, He gave us a new identity — His identity! Second Corinthi-
ans 5:17 says, “Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old
things are passed away; behold, all things are become new.”
Likewise, Jesus also gave us weapons and power! This is confirmed in
Ephesians 6:10, which instructs us to, “…Be strong in the Lord, and in the
power of his might.” We also see it in Philippians 4:13, which declares, “I
can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.”
Christ has given us everything He has! Before He laid down His life, He
said, “All things that the Father hath are mine: therefore said I, that he
[the Holy Spirit] shall take of mine, and shall shew it unto you” ( John
16:15). Everything Jesus has in His possession, you have access to. It is all
at your disposal through His blood as you ask in His Name.
The Significance of the Covenant Meal

Covenant partners also shared a covenant meal together, which consisted
of bread and wine. The bread represented a person’s flesh as well as all
that he or she possessed in wealth and material goods. Covenant partners
would tear a loaf of bread in half and feed the pieces to each other, signify-
ing the joining of their flesh.
Wine represented blood — the shedding of one’s blood to keep the cove-
nant. Covenant partners would often pour wine and intertwine their arms
while drinking it. This symbolized the joining of life, blood, and spirit. It
was the equivalent of saying, “I’m not just making you a verbal promise for
total access to my possessions, my wealth, and all that I have. I’m putting
my blood behind my words.”
The covenant meal of bread and wine was powerful. Each element sym-
bolically declared, “My body is your body; my blood is your blood, and we
have become one in every way.” As believers, Communion is our covenant
meal. Jesus literally made a covenant with His disciples through Commu-
nion; it was not a mere ritual. Every component of that evening was the
making of a real, legitimate covenant, and the disciples clearly understood
what was happening.
When Jesus gave His disciples the bread, He symbolically gave them His
flesh as well as all He possessed. It was the equivalent of Him saying, “All
that I have is at your disposal; there is not one thing of Mine that I will
withhold from you.” Likewise, when Jesus shared the cup of wine with His
disciples, He was giving them His life’s blood. It was as if He were saying,
“I am yours and I will give My blood to empower this covenant and My
promises to you.” The truth is, when you take Communion, Christ offers
you everything He offered His disciples that night in the upper room. You
are His disciple too, and all that He has is made available to you by the
Holy Spirit.
The Significance of the Memorial Event

The final component of a covenant that we observed was the inclusion of
a memorial event or a witness. This was something that was done to serve
as a permanent reminder of the covenant that had been made. Examples
of this custom from the Old Testament include the planting of trees, the
erecting of a column, or the heaping up of stones.
When it comes to the new covenant God made with us through Jesus
Christ, our permanent reminder — or witness — of the covenant that has
been made is the Holy Spirit. Romans 8:16 says, “The Spirit itself beareth
witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God.” Moreover, Paul
added, “In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth,
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the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that ye believed, ye were
sealed with that holy Spirit of promise” (Ephesians 1:13). The Holy Spirit
has been given to us as a living witness that we have entered into covenant
relationship. He is God’s seal of acceptance that has promised to never
leave or forsake us.
Taking into account the original Greek meaning, here is the Renner
Interpretive Version (RIV) of Ephesians 1:13:
You are also in Him so this applies to you as well, and not just
to those who first hoped in Christ. He has also become your
permanent residence, dwelling place, habitation, and home.
This is what happened to you upon hearing the word of truth,
the declaration of the good news which brought you healing,
wholeness, restoration, deliverance, well-being, safety, security
and protection from all the evil that had been intended for you.
Friend, you are a covenant partner with Jesus Christ! All of these things
have been done for you. Jesus has given you His identity, His authority,
His power, His name, His protection, and everything He has is at your
disposal. That is why we’re told in Romans 8:17, “And if [we are] children,
then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ….” This is not just a
feel-good figure of speech. We have been “brothered” with Jesus through
His blood and become partakers of His divine nature. In our next lesson,
we will look at a gospel-by-gospel comparison of Communion.
STUDY QUESTIONS
— 2 Timothy 2:15
1. Through faith in Christ and the new covenant He provided, we are

exceedingly blessed! What does God say in Ephesians 1:3 and Second
Peter 1:3 about the blessings He provides? Of all the blessings of God
He promised in His Word, which ones are you most grateful for?
Why are these so precious to you personally?
2. When you repented of your sins and received Christ as your Lord and
Savior, you were spiritually reborn as a child of God and received a
spiritual blood transfusion. You gave Him your sinful, dying blood, and
He gave you His perfect, living blood. What does it mean to you to
have Jesus’ Blood spiritually coursing through your veins? (Consider
Hebrews 9:14; 1 John 1:7; John 6:54-56.)
3. Jesus said, “You can ask him [the Father] for anything, using my
name, and I will do it, for this will bring praise to the Father because
of what I, the Son, will do for you. Yes, ask anything, using my name,
and I will do it!” ( John 14:13, 14 TLB.) Do you believe this promise
from Jesus? Are you praying like this — making bold requests in His
Name? If not, why? To strengthen and reignite your faith, consider
God’s promises to you in John 15:7 and First John 5:14 and 15.
— James 1:22
1. Generally speaking, what has been your attitude toward taking Com-
munion? Why do you partake of it? What do you do to prepare your
heart before receiving Communion?
2. After examining the nine components of the covenant and applying
them to Communion, what is your most impactful takeaway regarding
their significance? How has your perspective on taking Communion
changed? How has your Communion experience itself been impacted?
3. Carefully reread the section on the significance of the covenant meal.
What does this speak to you personally about your relationship with
Jesus? How do you see Him differently?
LESSON 3
TOPIC
A Gospel-by-Gospel Comparison
SCRIPTURES
1. Matthew 26:14-16,20,21,25-28,30 — Then one of the twelve, called
Judas Iscariot, went unto the chief priests, and said unto them, What
will ye give me, and I will deliver him unto you? And they covenanted
with him for thirty pieces of silver. And from that time he sought
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opportunity to betray him. Now when the even was come, he sat
down with the twelve. And as they did eat, he said, Verily I say unto
you, that one of you shall betray me. Then Judas, which betrayed him,
answered and said, Master, is it I? He said unto him, Thou hast said.
And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it,
and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. And
he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink
ye all of it; For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed
for many for the remission of sins. And when they had sung an hymn,
they went out into the mount of Olives.
2. Matthew 27:3,5 — Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when he
saw that he was condemned, repented himself, and brought again the
thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders. And he cast down
the pieces of silver in the temple, and departed, and went and hanged
himself.
3. Mark 14:10,11 —And Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went unto
the chief priests, to betray him unto them. And when they heard it,
they were glad, and promised to give him money. And he sought how
he might conveniently betray him.
4. Mark 14:17,18,22-24,26 — And in the evening he cometh with the
twelve. And as they sat and did eat, Jesus said, Verily I say unto you,
One of you which eateth with me shall betray me. And as they did
eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and
said, Take, eat: this is my body. And he took the cup, and when he
had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it. And he
said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed
for many. And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the
mount of Olives.
5. Luke 22:3-6 — Then entered Satan into Judas surnamed Iscariot,
being of the number of the twelve. And he went his way, and com-
muned with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray him
unto them. And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money.
And he promised, and sought opportunity to betray him unto them in
the absence of the multitude.
6. Luke 22:14,17,19,20,24 — And when the hour was come, he sat
down, and the twelve apostles with him. And he took the cup, and
gave thanks, and said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves; And
he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, say-
ing, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance
of me. Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new
testament in my blood, which is shed for you. And there was also a
strife among them, which of them should be accounted the greatest.
7. John 13:1,2,4,5 — Now before the feast of the passover, when Jesus
knew that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world
unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he
loved them unto the end. And supper being ended, the devil having
now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him;
He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel,
and girded himself. After that he poureth water into a bason, and
began to wash the disciples’ feet, and to wipe them with the towel
wherewith he was girded.
8. John 13:18,21,27-30 — I speak not of you all: I know whom I have
chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth bread
with me hath lifted up his heel against me. When Jesus had thus
said, he was troubled in spirit, and testified, and said, Verily, verily,
I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me. And after the sop
Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest,
do quickly. Now no man at the table knew for what intent he spake
this unto him. For some of them thought, because Judas had the bag,
that Jesus had said unto him, Buy those things that we have need of
against the feast; or, that he should give something to the poor. He
then having received the sop went immediately out: and it was night.
9. John 18:1 — When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with
his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the
which he entered, and his disciples.
10. 1 Corinthians 11:23-25, 27 — For I have received of the Lord that
which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in
which he was betrayed took bread: and when he had given thanks, he
brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you:
this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took
the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament
in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the
Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
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GREEK WORDS
1. “shall betray” — παραδίδωμι (paradidomi): to deliver or hand some-
thing over to someone else; in this context, to hand over in the act of
betrayal
2. “Master” — ῥαββί (hrabbi): teacher
3. “testament” — διαθήκη (diatheke): depicts a covenant made between
two people or more
4. “this do” — τοῦτο ποιεῖτε (touto poieite): this very thing do; emphati-
cally, do this very thing; creatively do; to carry out
5. “remembrance” — ἀνάμνησις (anamnesis): from ἀνά (ana) and
μιμνήσκομαι (mimneskomai); the preposition ἀνά (ana) means
“again,” as to repeat something over and again; the word μιμνήσκομαι
(mimneskomai) mean to recall or to be mindful; to recall, recollect, or
to remember
6. “end” — τέλος (telos): end; completely; fully; maturely
7. “Satan” — Σατανᾶς (Satanas): one who hates, accuses, slanders, or
conspires against; an adversary
SYNOPSIS
The first mention of the upper room in Jerusalem is in historical Church
documents dating back to the Fourth Century. For hundreds of years since
then, Christians have come here from far and wide to pray and commune
with the Lord and remember all that occurred in this legendary place.
As we have seen, the practice of Communion was established by Jesus in
the upper room, but what was His purpose? Was He merely giving His
disciples a new religious tradition? What exactly did He mean when He
commanded “this do in remembrance of Me”? And why is Judas Iscariot
mentioned in close connection with the Communion narrative in each
gospel’s telling?

The first Communion is documented in all four gospels — Matthew,
Mark, Luke, and John. Although they all share some of the same de-
tails, each offers a unique perspective and provides insights that help
connect the ancient components of a covenant with our practice of
Communion.
The First Communion –
According to the Gospel of Matthew
Matthew wrote, “Then one of the twelve, called Judas Iscariot, went unto
the chief priests, and said unto them, What will ye give me, and I will
deliver him unto you? And they covenanted with him for thirty pieces of
silver. And from that time he sought opportunity to betray him” (Matthew
26:14-16).
Notice it says that the chief priests “covenanted” with Judas. This is
extremely significant. It tells us that just before Judas partook of Com-
munion — the covenant meal — with Jesus, he had already entered into a
covenant with the religious leaders. Keep that in mind as we continue.
Matthew went on to say, “Now when the even was come, he sat down with
the twelve. And as they did eat, he said, Verily I say unto you, that one of
you shall betray me” (Matthew 26:20, 21). The words “shall betray” here is
the Greek word paradidomi, which means to deliver or hand something over
to someone else. In this context, it means to hand over in the act of betrayal.
The Bible says, “Then Judas, which betrayed him, answered and said, Mas-
ter, is it I? He said unto him, Thou hast said” (Matthew 26:25). The word
“Master” here is the Greek word hrabbi, which is the Hebrew equivalent of
the Greek word didaskalos, meaning Masterful teacher. What is interesting
is that Judas never addressed Jesus as Lord in any of the gospels. He
always called Him Teacher or Rabbi, which tells us Judas had a major flaw
in his relationship with Jesus. He only recognized Him as a Teacher but
never submitted to Jesus’ supreme authority as Lord.
Matthew 26:26 and 27 says, “And as they were eating, Jesus took bread,
and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take,
eat; this is my body. And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it
to them, saying, Drink ye all of it.” In our previous lessons, we examined
the nine components of making a covenant, noting that bread and wine
were a key part of the covenant meal. By the giving and breaking of bread,
Jesus was telling His disciples, “Everything I have is at your disposal — all
My wealth, My possessions, and My body itself.” When Jesus shared the
wine, it was the equivalent of Him saying, “I give you My life’s blood to
empower the promises I have just made to you.”
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Jesus then told the Twelve, “For this is my blood of the new testament,
which is shed for many for the remission of sins” (Matthew 26:28). The
word “testament” here in Greek is diatheke, and it depicts a covenant made
between two people or more. The use of this word clearly confirms that Jesus
was indeed cutting a covenant with His disciples. Matthew 26:30 says,
“And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of
Olives.”
Although Matthew’s gospel does not record Judas’ exit from the upper
room gathering, we know he left and went to the chief priests with whom
he had covenanted. He then led them to Jesus in the Garden of Gethse-
mane and betrayed the Lord into their hands. What happened to Judas
after that? The Bible says, “Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when
he saw that he was condemned, repented himself, and brought again the
thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders. And he cast down the
pieces of silver in the temple, and departed, and went and hanged himself ”
(Matthew 27:3, 5).
Notice it says Judas “repented himself.” The word “repented” is the Greek
word metamelomai, which actually expresses sorrow, mourning, or grief. It
means to be seized with guilt; to be filled with remorse or regret. Although
Judas was filled with sorrow for betraying Jesus, he did not repent. True
repentance is a change in one’s mind and heart that produces a change
in one’s behavior. Judas was filled with guilt and regret, and it led him to
commit suicide.
Why would he take such action? The reason is the components of the
covenant were at work. As Judas sat and received the bread and the wine
offered by Christ in the upper room, he pretended to make a covenant
with Jesus. The truth is, Judas had previously made a covenant with the
chief priests. When he partook of the wine and the bread, he did so
unworthily, and it broke the terms of his covenant with Jesus. This brought
the curses of the covenant down upon him, and he died as a result.

According to the Gospel of Mark
Mark also wrote about Christ’s Communion with the disciples and the
events that surrounded it. In Mark 14:10 and 11, it says, “And Judas
Iscariot, one of the twelve, went unto the chief priests, to betray him unto
them. And when they heard it, they were glad, and promised to give him
money. And he sought how he might conveniently betray him.”
The Bible goes on to say, “And in the evening he cometh with the twelve.
And as they sat and did eat, Jesus said, Verily I say unto you, One of you
which eateth with me shall betray me” (Matthew 14:17, 18). Again, the
phrase “shall betray” is the Greek word paradidomi, which means to deliver
or hand something over to someone else. In this context, it means to hand over
in the act of betrayal.
As we saw in Matthew’s gospel, during the last supper with His disciples,
Jesus also partook of a covenant meal. In Mark’s gospel, this begins to
unfold in verse 22, which says, “And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and
blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body.
And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them:
and they all drank of it. And he said unto them, This is my blood of the
new testament, which is shed for many” (Mark 14:22-24).
We know from our previous lessons that the “cup” represented Jesus’
blood, and when a person partook of another person’s blood, he or she was
partaking of that person’s life. Jesus said the cup “…is my blood of the new
testament, which is shed for many” (Mark 14:24). The word “testament”
here is again the Greek word diatheke, which depicts a covenant made
between two people or more. As Christ and His disciples shared the cove-
nant meal of bread and wine, they became united as one. “And when they
had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives” (Mark 14:26).

According to the Gospel of Luke
When we come to Luke’s account of the first Communion, we hear a
reiteration of many of the same facts as well as a few unique insights. As
with Matthew and Mark’s telling, Luke begins with details concerning
Judas. The Bible says, “Then entered Satan into Judas surnamed Iscariot,
being of the number of the twelve. And he went his way, and communed
with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray him unto them.
And they were glad, and covenanted to give him money. And he promised,
and sought opportunity to betray him unto them in the absence of the
multitude” (Luke 22:3-6).
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Again, these verses reveal that Judas “covenanted” with the chief priests.
To be clear, these were the religious leaders who despised Jesus and
wanted Him out of the way. They promised Judas money in return for him
leading them to Jesus when the crowds were not around. One element in
Luke’s rendition that is different from Matthew and Mark’s is his initial
statement: “Then entered Satan into Judas… (Luke 22:3).” Something
inside Judas’ heart and mind was not right, and it had given Satan access
to Judas’ life, which would soon prove to be his downfall.
The Bible goes on to say, “And when the hour was come, he sat down, and
the twelve apostles with him. And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and
said, Take this, and divide it among yourselves; And he took bread, and
gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body
which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. Likewise also the
cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which
is shed for you.” (Luke 22:14, 17, 19, 20). Here again in these verses we see
the components of a covenant.
Take note of what Jesus said at the end of verse 19: “…This do in remem-
brance of me.” This is the only place in the gospels where these words
appear, and they are significant. The words “this do” in Greek is touto
poieite, which means this very thing do. It can also be translated emphat-
ically, do this very thing, or find a way to creatively do this thing. The word
“remembrance” is also important. It is the Greek word anamnesis, which
is from the word ana, meaning “again,” as to repeat something over and
again; and the word mimneskomai, meaning to recall or to be mindful. Thus,
when Jesus said, “This do in remembrance of me,” He was saying, “Recall,
recollect, and remember what I am doing, and do this very thing.”
What is interesting is that Jesus’ command was actually twofold. First,
He was instructing His disciples — both then and now — to take
Communion with each other just as He was doing. He was establishing
the practice of Communion as an ordinance of the Church. At the same
time, He was also telling the disciples, “Just as you see Me entering into
a sacrificial covenant with each of you, I want you to enter into covenant
with each other. I want you to be people of covenant, walking in covenant
with one another. This do, and do it in the same way you see Me doing it.”
That is a very profound and important truth we need to understand and
put into practice.
According to the Gospel of John
The gospel of John is in a class of its own. A careful reading of its pages
reveals a very personal side of Jesus — emphasizing the importance of
relationship rather than religious ritual. John mentioned the last supper
in the upper room in his thirteenth chapter: “Now before the feast of the
passover, when Jesus knew that his hour was come that he should depart
out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the
world, he loved them unto the end” ( John 13:1).
Notice it says that Jesus loved His disciples “unto the end.” The word “end”
is the Greek word telos, which means the end; completely; fully; maturely.
The use of the word telos tells us Jesus loved each of His disciples with the
greatest fullness that they could ever receive, all the way to the end of His
life.
In John 13:2, John said, “And supper being ended, the devil having now
put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him.” This verse
is very similar to Luke 22:3. It clearly states, that something wasn’t right
in Judas’ heart, and it opened the door for the devil to enter and inject his
poison. He was offended with Jesus and it had festered and turned into
bitterness, which gave birth to betrayal in his heart. Judas had no right to
sit at the table and partake of the covenant meal with Jesus, yet he did so
in an unworthily manner.
John continued by saying, “He [ Jesus] riseth from supper, and laid aside
his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. After that he poureth
water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples’ feet, and to wipe them
with the towel wherewith he was girded” ( John 13:4,5). The washing of
the disciples’ feet is only mentioned in John’s gospel, and one of the most
amazing facts about this event is that Judas was among those whose feet
Jesus washed!
Take a moment and imagine the weight of the situation. Judas had already
covenanted with the chief priests to turn Jesus over to them. With betrayal
in his heart, he sat and received the bread and the wine of the covenant
meal with Jesus, all the while knowing what he was about to do. And there
was Jesus on His knees washing the feet of the man who sold Him out for
thirty pieces of silver. This was the mercy of God being extended to Judas
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once more, trying to melt his hardened heart and give him opportunity to
truly repent. But Judas would not yield.
After Jesus finished washing the disciple’s feet, He turned to all His
disciples and said, “…He that eateth bread with me hath lifted up his heel
against me” ( John 13:18). Then verse 21 says, “When Jesus had thus said,
he was troubled in spirit, and testified, and said, Verily, verily, I say unto
you, that one of you shall betray me.” Basically, Jesus told His disciples,
“One of you sitting at this table — one of you who just partook of the
bread and the wine — has sold Me out. It’s one of you who just said you
were in covenant with Me, but in truth, you are not in covenant with Me
at all. You’ve already made up your mind to betray Me.”
Incredulously, the disciples looked at one another with bewilderment over
which of them Jesus was talking about. John questioned Jesus as to who
it was. “Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have
dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot,
the son of Simon. And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said
Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly” ( John 13:26,27).
Notice the word “Satan” in verse 27. It is the Greek word Satanas, which
means one who hates, accuses, slanders, or conspires against another; an
adversary. The reason Satan had entered into Judas was because Judas
gave place to him (see Ephesians 4:26, 27). We know for sure that he was
indignant with Jesus for allowing the woman to break the expensive bottle
of perfume and pour it on His feet (see John 12:1-6). It is possible — even
likely — that this was not the first time Judas was offended with Jesus. In
any case, offense lodged in Judas’ heart, and he never dealt with it. This
hurt became the dirt in which the seeds of betrayal grew.
How did the other disciples respond to all this? The Bible says, “Now no
man at the table knew for what intent he spake this unto him. For some
of them thought, because Judas had the bag, that Jesus had said unto him,
Buy those things that we have need of against the feast; or, that he should
give something to the poor” ( John 13:28, 29). This was Jesus’ perfect
opportunity to expose Judas for the betrayer that he was — but He didn’t.
Instead, Jesus’ silence covered the sin which was conceived in Judas’ heart.
Again, love and mercy was extended to Judas, giving him yet another
opportunity to turn and repent. But Judas rejected it. The Bible says, “He
[ Judas] then having received the sop went immediately out: and it was
night” ( John 13:30). Symbolically, Judas left the light of the presence of
God and entered into not just physical darkness, but eternal darkness.
Remarkably, all of this took place in the upper room of Jerusalem — the
last supper, the first Communion, the washing of the disciples’ feet, and
Jesus’ confirmation that Judas was His betrayer. Actually, all the events
and discussions found in chapters 14, 15, 16, and 17 of John’s gospel all
took place in the upper room. It was there that Jesus also announced the
coming of the Holy Spirit and shared what His role would be in the lives
of believers. It was also the place where Jesus prayed His High Priestly
prayer for all His disciples.
The Bible says, “When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with
his disciples over the brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which
he entered, and his disciples” ( John 18:1).
Who Else Talks About Communion in Scripture?

In addition to the four gospel accounts of the first Communion, the
apostle Paul also wrote about it in his first letter to the Corinthians. He
said, “For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto
you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took
bread: and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat:
this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me.
After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying,
This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink
it, in remembrance of me. Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and
drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and
blood of the Lord” (1 Corinthians 11:23-25,27). In our next lesson, we
will carefully examine this passage and learn what it means to partake of
Communion unworthily.
STUDY QUESTIONS
— 2 Timothy 2:15
1. After reading through and carefully examining the four gospel

accounts of Jesus serving Communion to His disciples and the events
that surrounded it, how has your understanding been expanded?
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What do you see that you had not seen before — about Jesus, about
Judas, about Communion, and about the upper room?
2. There is a significant distinction between worldly sorrow and godly
sorrow. Carefully read Paul’s words in Second Corinthians 7:8-11 and
tell how these are different. Both Peter and Judas were deeply sorrow-
ful for failing Jesus. Which one exemplified worldly sorrow, and which
one exemplified godly sorrow? Which kind of sorrow do you most
often exhibit?
— James 1:22
1. In your own words, briefly describe the meaningful significance of

the bread and wine (or juice) served at a covenant meal (Commu-
nion). When you consider all the symbolic meaning of sharing these
elements with others, how does it reshape your perspective of taking
Communion with fellow church members?
2. The Bible says that Satan gained entrance into Judas (see Luke 22:3).
Carefully read John 12:1-8 and take note of what happened at
Lazarus’ house just six days before Judas betrayed Jesus. What was
Judas’ response to Mary’s extravagant act of worship toward Jesus? On
what was he focused? What lesson(s) can you learn from Judas’ life
and apply in your own?
3. What does Ephesians 4:26 and 27 say about giving place to the
enemy in your life? How do you think Judas’ actions relate to this
passage? What can you do to effectively close the door on the devil?
(Consider God’s directive to Cain regarding his response to Abel’s
worship in Genesis 4:3-7; Paul’s instruction in Ephesians 4:30-32;
and Jesus words in Mark 11:25, 26.)
LESSON 4
TOPIC
What Does It Mean To Be Guilty of
the Blood and Body of Jesus?
SCRIPTURES
1. 1 Corinthians 11:23-31 — For I have received of the Lord that
which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in
which he was betrayed took bread: and when he had given thanks, he
brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you:
this do in remembrance of me. After the same manner also he took
the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in
my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. For
as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s
death till he come. Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and
blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat
of that bread, and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and drinketh
unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning
the Lord’s body. For this cause many are weak and sickly among you,
and many sleep. For if we would judge ourselves, we should not be
judged.
GREEK WORDS
1. “the same night” — ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ (en te nukti): in the very night
2. “betrayed” — παραδίδωμι (paradidomi): to deliver or hand some-
thing over to someone else; in this context, to hand over in the act of
betrayal
3. “this do” — τοῦτο ποιεῖτε (touto poieite): this very thing do; emphati-
cally, do this very thing; creatively do; to carry out
4. “remembrance” — ἀνάμνησις (anamnesis): from ἀνά (ana) and
μιμνήσκομαι (mimneskomai); the preposition ἀνά (ana) means
“again,” as to repeat something over and again; the word μιμνήσκομαι
(mimneskomai) mean to recall or to be mindful; to recall, recollect, or
to remember
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5. “the new testament” — ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη (he kaine diatheke): definite
article ἡ (he) with καινός (kainos) and διαθήκη (diatheke); the word
καινός (kainos) depicts something that is absolutely brand new, never
known before; the word διαθήκη (diatheke) depicts a covenant made
between two people or more; as a phrase, the brand-new, never-be-
fore-known covenant
6. “oft” — ὁσάκις (hosakis): as often; as many times as necessary
7. “often” — ὁσάκις (hosakis): as often; as many times as necessary
8. “unworthily” — ἀναξίως (anaxios): unworthily; unfit; not equal to the
task; not matching the value of the act, honor, position, or task
9. “guilty” — ἔνοχος (enochos): liable; indicted; charged; held responsible
for a wrong action, behavior, or motive
10. “examine” — δοκιμάζω (dokimadzo): test; examine; inspect; scruti-
nize; determine the quality or sincerity of a thing; the object scru-
tinized has passed the test, so it can now be viewed as genuine and
sincere; used to illustrate tests used to determine real and counterfeit
coinage; hence, to approve and deem fit after appropriate testing; also
described the process of testing an individual’s character to see if he
was deemed “fit” for public office; in context, “examine yourself to see
if you are in a state of genuine covenant”
11. “damnation” — κρίμα (krima): decree; judgment; verdict with an
adverse consequence; in this case, the consequences of breaking cove-
nant
12. “not discerning” — μὴ διακρίνων (me diakrinon): the word μὴ (me) is
negative; the word διακρίνω (diakrino) depicts one’s ability to discern,
judge, or be truthful; the word “diakrino” also means to appreciate; in
this phrase, one who lacks discernment; one who has no appreciation;
one who does not rightly value
13. “weak” — ἀσθενής (asthenes): pictures a wide range of infirmities;
an all-encompassing term that embraces all forms of sickness, dis-
ease, and weaknesses; a wide range of illnesses; can also denote being
financially poor; it is also used to convey the idea of something that is
fragile and must be treated with supreme care
14. “sickly” — ἄρρωστος (arrostos): to be in bad health; to possess a weak
and broken condition; pictures a person so weak and sick that he has
become critically ill; an invalid; a devastating illness
15. “many” — ἱκανός (hikanos): a considerable number; a significant
amount
16. “sleep” — κοιμάομαι (koimaomai): sleep; deep sleep; where we get the
word coma; also death
17. “judge” — διακρίνω (diakrino): depicts one’s ability to discern, judge,
be truthful, or come under scrutiny; self-scrutiny; self-examination
18. “judged” — διακρίνω (diakrino): pictures one who has been or is
presently suffering consequences of a lack of truthfulness and correct-
ing and valuing of something else
SYNOPSIS
In each of our previous lessons, we have noted that Jesus served Commu-
nion to His apostles in the upper room in Jerusalem. The present site was
officially authenticated during the Fourth Century, and since then it has
been renovated many times, including two massive facelifts during the
Eleventh and Fourteenth Centuries. Although there is much history that
took place in this room, what is probably most unnerving about it is that it
is the actual location where Judas Iscariot faked his allegiance to Jesus and
became “guilty of the body and blood of the Lord” (1 Corinthians 11:27).
What exactly does this mean, and how can we guard ourselves from
committing such an offense?

Judas Iscariot gives us an example of what it means to be guilty of the
body and blood of Jesus. There are serious negative repercussions that
can result from taking Communion unworthily. To avoid these conse-
quences, we must learn to carefully examine ourselves and know that we
are truly living in covenant with God and His people.
Jesus Cut Covenant with His Disciples

the Night He Was Betrayed
In addition to the accounts of Communion presented in the four gospels,
the apostle Paul also shared a unique and very important perspective of
Christ’s covenant meal. In First 1 Corinthians 11:23, he began his remarks
by stating, “For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered
unto you….” It is interesting to note that the practice of Communion
was revealed to Paul by direct revelation from Jesus Himself. No one else
schooled him on the subject.
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Paul went on to say, “…That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he
was betrayed took bread.” In the Greek, this verse says, “…In the very night
in which He was betrayed….” The word “betrayed” is the Greek word
paradidomi, which means to deliver or hand something over to someone else.
In this context, it means to hand over in the act of betrayal. Thus, on the
very same night Judas Iscariot handed Jesus over to the chief priests and
betrayed Him, Jesus shared a covenant meal with His apostles and entered
into covenant with them.
The Bible says, “And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take,
eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of
me” (1 Corinthians 11:24). Jesus’ words in this verse are the exact words a
person would speak when he or she was making a covenant. “When you
partake of this bread,” the person would say, “you are partaking of Me and
all that I am.”
What Jesus Did, We Are To Do

Jesus then said, “…this do in remembrance of me.” The words “this do”
in Greek are touto poieite, and it means this very thing I want you to do.
Emphatically, it says do this very thing. The word poieite is from where we
get the word poet, and it carries with it the idea of creatively doing some-
thing.
This brings us to the word “remembrance,” which is the Greek word
anamnesis. It is a compound of the preposition ana, which means “again,”
as to repeat something over and again; and the word mimneskomai, which
means to be mindful or to recall, recollect, or to remember. When these words
are compounded to form the word anamnesis, it means to recall or remem-
ber something and then do it again and again and again. This means Jesus
wants us to remember how He partook of Communion that night and to
regularly do the same — not as ritual, but as a lifestyle.
Clearly, Jesus wanted His apostles and all of His followers to remember
the new covenant He established, and partaking of Communion would be
a continual reminder. But He also wanted His disciples — which includes
us — to emphatically find a way to enter into covenant relationship with
other believers, just as He entered into covenant relationships with those
around Him. He said, “By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples,
if ye have love one to another” ( John 13:35).
Think about it. Jesus sacrificially gave His disciples everything He had.
He held nothing back — not even His life’s blood. As believers, we are to
be covenant people who are sincerely committed to one another, holding
nothing back. We are to emphatically and creatively “do” what Jesus did.
Why Did Christ Place an Emphasis

on Drinking the Cup?
Paul continued in First Corinthians 11:25 saying, “After the same manner
also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new
testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of
me.”
Notice the phrase “the new testament.” In Greek, it is the words he kaine
diatheke. This phrase includes the definite article he, which means this
is not just any covenant — it is THE new covenant. The word “new” is
from the Greek word kainos, which depicts something that is absolutely
brand new, never known before. And the word “testament” is the Greek
word diatheke, which describes a covenant made between two people or more.
When these three words come together as a phrase, it means the brand
new, never-before-known, covenant. Jesus was making a brand new, nev-
er-before-known covenant, and it was a covenant in His own blood.
Then Christ added, “…This do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance
of me” (1 Corinthians 11:25). The words “this do” are once again the
Greek phrase touto poiete, which means this very thing do; emphatically do
this very thing; or find a way to creatively do what I am doing. The word
“oft” in Greek is the word hosakis, and it means as often or as many times as
necessary.
It is interesting to note that Jesus didn’t say, “As oft as you eat the bread.”
He placed emphasis on drinking the cup. This signifies that you are going
to have to drink of the cup again and again and again. It indicates making
a commitment to give yourself to someone over and over and over again
— placing everything that is yours at their disposal. In other words, this is
not a one-time event; it is a long-term commitment.
To faithfully keep such a commitment, you will need the empowering
life of Jesus — represented by the cup — and you will need to drink of it
again and again and again. Symbolically, it means drinking from the cup
of sacrifice. Some relationships will require constant sacrifice to maintain
38 | STUDY GUIDE
peace and unity and stay in covenant fellowship. Your marriage to your
spouse and your relationship with God are two such examples.
Jesus said we are to do this in “remembrance” of Him. The word “remem-
brance” is again the Greek word anamnesis, which means to recall, to
recollect, or to be mindful of something and to repeat it over and again. This
is the equivalent of Jesus saying, “Remember what I did for you. I didn’t
just hand you bread to eat; I gave you the cup of wine as well. I paid the
ultimate price and went to the Cross, giving My life’s blood to empower
My promise and place all that is Mine at your disposal. I want you to
recall to mind what I did and in the same way sacrificially give of yourself
for others.”
In First Corinthians11:26, Paul said, “For as often as ye eat this bread,
and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.” The word
“often” here is from the same root at the word “oft” in verse 25. It is the
Greek word hosakis, which means as often or many times. This indicates
we are to participate in the practice of Communion regularly, and every
time we partake of the bread and wine (or juice), we are to remember our
covenant with Christ and all He did for us. Again, taking Communion is
also to remind us to do for others just as Jesus did for us. We are to live
sacrificially — especially to our brothers and sisters in the Church.
Don’t Take Communion ‘Unworthily’

Then in First Corinthians 11:27, Paul gave us this sobering warning about
receiving Communion: “Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and
blood of the Lord.”
The word “unworthily” in this verse is the Greek word anaxios, which
means unworthily; unfit; not equal to the task. This word carries the idea of
not matching the value of the act, honor, position, or task. The fact that the
Holy Spirit moved on Paul to write this warning tells us that some people
who come to the Lord’s Table are unfit to take Communion — their
character does not match the value or honor of receiving the elements
representing the body and blood of Jesus. These are individuals who say
the right thing with their lips, but the actions of their life speak differently.
This describes Judas Iscariot on the night of the last supper. He sat at the
table with the rest of the disciples and pretended to enter into covenant
with Jesus, but he was already in covenant with Jesus’ enemies. Satan had
entered Judas’ heart and sown seeds of betrayal, and in that poisoned state,
he ate the bread and drank of the cup as if nothing was wrong. His actions
were unworthy, and he became guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
The word “guilty” in Greek is the word enochos, which describes someone
liable; indicted; or charged. This is a person who is held responsible for a wrong
action, behavior, or motive. Clearly, God looks at taking Communion
very seriously, and so should we. It is not just the elements we need to
understand; we need to understand the meaning of the holy covenant
Communion represents. By receiving the bread and wine (or juice), we are
saying we are in covenant with God and with one another. If you are not
living as a covenant-keeping believer, you should not partake of Commu-
nion.
Take Time To Examine Yourself

What are you to do to avoid the danger of partaking of Communion
unworthily? Paul said, “But let a man examine himself, and so let him
eat of that bread, and drink of that cup” (1Corinthians11:28). The word
“examine” in Greek is the word dokimadzo, and it means to test, examine, or
inspect. It can also be translated to scrutinize or determine the quality or sin-
cerity of a thing. Once the object (or person) being scrutinized has passed
the test, it can now be viewed as genuine and sincere. This word dokimadzo
was used to illustrate tests used to determine real and counterfeit coinage. It
was also used to describe the process of testing an individual’s character to see
if they were deemed “fit” for public office.
In the context of this verse, the word dokimadzo means to examine yourself
to see if you are in a state of genuine covenant — are you actually living
up to the terms of the new covenant in Christ’s blood and spiritually fit to
partake of Communion. To be clear, this is not about behaving perfectly. It
is about being in good standing with God and others through repentance
and faith in Christ. This means when the Holy Spirit convicts you of
something that is out of line, you deal with it quickly; you don’t sweep it
under the rug.
Paul went on to say, “For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth
and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body” (1
Corinthians 11:29). The word “damnation” is the Greek word krima, which
describes a decree; a judgment; or a verdict with an adverse consequence. Just
as there are natural laws that cannot be broken, there are also spiritual laws
40 | STUDY GUIDE
to which we must adhere. If you break a spiritual law, which in this case is
breaking covenant, there are certain consequences.
Hence, if you partake of the bread and the cup with an insincere heart that
is not honoring the Lord and upholding His covenant, you bring a judg-
ment upon yourself for “…not discerning the Lord’s body” (1 Corinthians
11:29). The words “not discerning” in Greek depict one’s inability to discern,
to judge, to appreciate, or to be truthful. In this phrase, it describes one who
lacks discernment; one who has no appreciation; one who does not rightly value
Christ’s sacrificial covenant.
The Repercussions of Partaking

of Communion Unworthily
As we saw in our previous lessons, one of the components of a covenant
is blessings and curses. A person who maintained their part of the covenant
reaped blessings. However, if he or she broke their covenant commitment,
they experienced adverse consequences. In the same way, people who
receive the bread and the cup and pretend to be in covenant relationship
with God and His people but are not living up to the covenant terms, they
will reap negative repercussions.
Specifically, the apostle Paul wrote, “For this cause many are weak and
sickly among you, and many sleep” (1 Corinthians 11:30). Notice the word
“many.” It is the Greek word polus, which indicates great numbers. The
Bible says that great numbers of people are “weak and sickly” because they
have taken Communion unworthily.
The word “weak” here is the Greek word asthenes, which describes a wide
range of infirmities; it is an all-encompassing term that embraces all forms of
sickness, disease, and weaknesses. It depicts a wide range of illnesses and can
also denote being financially poor. This word is also used to convey the idea
of something that is fragile and must be treated with supreme care.
This brings us to the word “sickly,” which is the Greek word arroustos,
and it means to be in bad health; to possess a weak and broken condition. This
depicts a person so weak and sick that he has become critically ill. It can even
refer to an invalid.
Not only are “many” weak and sickly, but many also “sleep.” This word
“sleep” is the Greek word koimaomai, and it describes sleep or a deep sleep.
Moreover, it is the word from which we get the word coma. The word
koimaomai can also refer to death.
Keep in mind that this strong warning about receiving Communion was
written by the apostle Paul to the Corinthian church. At that time they
were embroiled in bitter fighting, jealously, and divisions. They were even
taking one other to court and suing each other. And in that condition,
they were partaking of Communion. They claimed to be in covenant with
God and one another, but their behavior demonstrated just the opposite.
They were not living up to the terms of the covenant, and therefore were
taking Communion unworthily and reaping dreadful consequences.
Paul urged them — and he urges us — to examine themselves. In First
Corinthians 11:31, he added, “For if we would judge ourselves, we should
not be judged.” The word “judge” here is the Greek word diakrino, which
depicts one’s ability to discern, judge, be truthful, or to come under scrutiny.
Hence, if we will be truthful and take a scrutinizing look at our attitudes,
our thoughts, and our actions, we will not be “judged,” meaning we will
not be one who has been or is presently suffering consequences of a lack of
truthfulness and correcting or valuing of something else.
Friend, receiving Communion is a very serious matter. It is about being
in covenant with God and in covenant with His people, and we should
never partake of it haphazardly. Before you take Communion, take time to
soberly examine yourself to see if you are in or out of covenant with God
and His Church. Repent of anything that is keeping you from being in
sync and living in unity with others. And then you can partake of Com-
munion with confidence that the Lord’s life will fill and supernaturally
empower you for His service.
STUDY QUESTIONS
— 2 Timothy 2:15
1. The life that Jesus lived was selfless. He Himself said, “…[I] did not
come to be served, but to serve, and to give my life as a ransom for
many” (Mark 10:45 TLB). Carefully read what Jesus said in Luke
9:23 and 24 along with Paul’s words in Galatians 2:20 and Romans
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12:1, and in your own words tell how these passages embody living a
covenant life.
2. Imagine you are trying to relay what you just learned in this lesson to
a very close friend. In your own words, how would you explain what it
means to partake of Communion “unworthily”? How does the life of
Judas Iscariot factor into this? Why does the Holy Spirit warn us so
strong against this?
— James 1:22
1. When Jesus cut covenant with His disciples, which includes us, He
held nothing back — not even His life’s blood. Although God is not
asking you to physically sacrifice your life for someone, He will ask you
to sacrificially give of your time, your attention, and your resources.
Who is the Holy Spirit bringing to your mind right now in which He
wants you to sacrificially invest? What specifically is He asking you to
give and/or do for them?
2. Take time to soberly examine yourself and see if you are in or out of
covenant with God and His Church. Ask the Holy Spirit to show you
the attitudes and motives of your heart, the condition of your mind,
and the quality of your actions. Are there any areas where you are not
keeping covenant? Repent of anything He reveals that would cause
you to be unworthy of receiving Communion.
LESSON 5
TOPIC
The Supernatural Element in
Communion
SCRIPTURES
1. 1 Corinthians 10:14, 16-22 — Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee
from idolatry. The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the Com-
munion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not
the Communion of the body of Christ? For we being many are one
bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread. Behold
Israel after the flesh: are not they which eat of the sacrifices partakers
of the altar? What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which
is offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing? But I say, that the things
which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God:
and I would not that ye should have fellowship with devils. Ye cannot
drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partak-
ers of the Lord’s table, and of the table of devils. Do we provoke the
Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?
GREEK WORDS
1. “flee” — φεύγω (pheugo): flee; to take flight; to run away; to run as
fast as possible; to escape; pictures one’s feet flying as he runs from a
situation
2. “cup of blessing” — Τὸ ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας (To poterion tes eulo-
gias): Literally, the cup of thanksgiving; the word εὐλογίας (eulogias)
is a compound of εὖ (eu) and λόγος (logos); the word εὖ (eu) conveys
the idea of something wonderful; the word λόγος (logos) means words;
compounded, pictures a heart and mouth overflowing with good
words; blessing; thanksgiving; where we get the word “Eucharist”
3. “Communion”— κοινωνία (koinonia): from the word κοινός (koinos),
property that jointly belongs to two or more people; the idea of com-
44 | STUDY GUIDE
pation
4. “partakers” — μετέχω (metecho): to actively partake of; to be an actual
participant
5. “partakers” — κοινωνία (koinonia): from the word κοινός (koinos),
property that jointly belongs to two or more people; the ideas of com-
pation
6. “devils” — δαιμόνιον (daimonion): evil spirits; demons; devils
7. “ye should have” — γίνομαι (ginomai): something that occurs over the
passage of time
8. “fellowship” — κοινωνός (koinonos): from the word κοινός (koinos),
property that jointly belongs to two or more people; the idea of com-
pation
9. “table” — τράπεζα (trapedza): table; banqueting table; bank
SYNOPSIS
Today, people from all around the world journey to Jerusalem to visit the
upper room to commune with the Lord and experience His presence. We
know from Scripture that this was the place where the Holy Spirit was
first poured out on the 120 disciples that were united in prayer on the day
of Pentecost. It was also the place where Jesus initiated the practice of
Communion, serving His disciples the very night He was betrayed. From
the birth of the Church in Acts 2 forward, Communion has been regularly
observed among the saints even to this day.
In our last lesson, we learned what it means to take Communion unwor-
thily and be guilty of the body and blood of Jesus. We saw in Paul’s first
letter to the Corinthians how he warned them — and us — to carefully
examine ourselves before partaking of the bread and the wine (or juice).
History reveals that the believers in Corinth at that time were bickering
and fighting with one another and the level of strife among them had
become so volatile that they were taking each other to court and suing one
another.
Amazingly, these same contentious believers were going to church and
taking Communion. As a result, many of them were sick, weak, and some
had even died. They were not living as people of covenant. They were
breaking a spiritual law and reaping the consequences of their behavior.
Instead of walking in love and mercy and patiently forgiving one another
as Jesus had instructed, they were filled with anger and bitterness, and
therefore unfit to partake of the Lord’s Table. This demonstrates the
seriousness of taking Communion with a right heart.

To those walking in covenant relationship with God and His people,
the table of Communion is a storehouse of great blessings.
Flee Spiritually Dark Environments

In the tenth chapter of First Corinthians, the apostle Paul gave a strong
warning about Communion. In verse 14 he urged his listeners to “…
flee from idolatry.” The word “flee” here is the Greek word pheugo, which
means to take flight; to run away; to run as fast as possible; or to escape. It
pictures one’s feet flying as he runs from a situation. The reason Paul included
the subject of idolatry in connection with Communion is because idolatry
proliferated the landscape in the ancient world, and where sacrifices were
being made to idols, demon spirits were present in large numbers.
Although the idols themselves were nothing more that carved wood or
stone, the dark environment where the idol worship was taking place was
spiritually charged with evil spirits. Under the guidance of the priests and
priestesses serving in these pagan temples, the spirit realm was stirred up,
and demon spirits were magnetically drawn to these grounds.
Why was this significant to New Testament believers? Because in the
First Century, the finest cuts of meat were sold inside of near pagan
temples. Consequently, many believers were entering these sinful shrines
to purchase meat, and thereby exposing themselves to intense demonic
activity. As a result of this exposure, some began to fall back under the old
influences from which they had been delivered. They would enter free and
leave demonically oppressed.
46 | STUDY GUIDE
Paul knew that being physically close to those spiritually dark environ-
ments was too great a risk for these believers, so he urged them to stay
away from those sites. Basically, he said, “Buy your meat from somewhere
else, or don’t eat meat at all. Meat is just not that important.” Demonic
oppression is a very high price to pay for finding a quality cut of meat,
which is why he wrote, “Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry”
(1 Corinthians 10:14).
Communion is a ‘Cup of Blessing’

Paul went on to say, “The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the
Communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not
the Communion of the body of Christ?” (1 Corinthians 10:16). The phrase
“cup of blessing” in Greek is To poterion tes eulogias, and it literally means
the cup of thanksgiving. The word eulogias is a compound of the words eu
and logos. The word eu conveys the idea of something wonderful; the word
logos means words. When these two words are compounded to form eulo-
gias, it pictures a heart and mouth overflowing with good words, blessing, and
thanksgiving. The word eulogias is from where we get the word “Eucharist,”
meaning Communion.
This brings us to the word “Communion,” which in this verse is the Greek
word koinonia. It is from the word koinos, which refers to things that are
common or mutually shared, such as property that jointly belongs to two or
more people. The idea of commonality or connectedness is intrinsic to the
meaning of this word. When koinos develops into the word koinonos, it
conveys the ideas of engagement, involvement, fellowship, or participation.
The use of this word tells us that when we partake of Communion, we
experience real engagement or participation with the body and blood of
Christ.
In the next verse, Paul added, “For we being many are one bread, and one
body: for we are all partakers of that one bread” (1 Corinthians 10:17). The
word “partakers” here is the Greek word metecho, which means to actively
partake of; to be an actual participant. Paul’s use of this word indicates that
in order to experience the benefits of Communion, we must actively invest
our faith as we receive the elements.
Paul Urged Us Not To Have ‘Fellowship with Devils’
Then Paul said, “Behold Israel after the flesh: are not they which eat of
the sacrifices partakers of the altar?” (1 Corinthians 10:18). In this verse,
Paul is actually talking about the Jewish priests who served in the temple.
Essentially, they spent most of their waking hours serving, eating, and
living near the altar, which means they were “partakers” of the altar in
constant contact with the presence of God. He states this fact and then
gives the Corinthians an illustration from the pagan world in the next two
verses to help them understand.
“What say I then? that the idol is any thing, or that which is
offered in sacrifice to idols is any thing? But I say, that the
things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and
not to God: and I would not that ye should have fellowship
with devils” (1 Corinthians 10:19, 20).
Initially, Paul stated the fact that an idol is nothing and has no power
whatsoever. Likewise, sacrifices made to the idols are also of no conse-
quence. However, behind every idol is an evil spiritual presence. He called
them “devils,” which is the Greek word daimonion, and it describes evil
spirits, demons, or devils.
Knowing the seriousness of the situation, Paul urged, “…I would not
that ye should have fellowship with devils” (1 Corinthians 10:19, 20). The
phrase “ye should have” is a translation of the Greek word ginomai, which
describes something that occurs over the passage of time. By using this word,
Paul was saying, “I don’t want you to progressively be influenced or draw
closer and closer in fellowship with evil spirits.”
The word “fellowship” is again the Greek word koinonos, which is from the
word koinos, and it refers to things that are common or mutually shared, such as
property that jointly belongs to two or more people. This word intrinsically car-
ries the idea of commonality or connectedness. When koinos develops into the
word koinonos, it conveys the ideas of engagement, involvement, fellowship, or
participation. Paul used this word a second time to inform the Corinthian
believers that when they went into pagan temples where sacrifices were
being offered to idols, they placed themselves in danger of becoming
engaged and involved with demons. Hence, a person’s physical presence
in the proximity of idol worship put him or her at risk of coming under
48 | STUDY GUIDE
the influence of the demonic realm. For some this would happen rather
quickly, and for others it would have been more progressive (ginomai).
Putting the meanings of these words together, here is the Renner Interpre-
tive Version (RIV) for the second part of 1 Corinthians 10:20:
...And I would not that ye should have participation with devils
as a result of being in the atmosphere of idolatrous sacrifices
and activities.
We Must Choose From Which Table We Will Eat

To all this, Paul added, “Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup
of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord’s table, and of the table of
devils” (1 Corinthians 10:21). The word “partakers” here is again the Greek
word metecho, which we saw in verse 17. It means to actively partake of or
to be an actual participant. The placement of this word here indicates that
one cannot actively participate and partake of the sacrifices made to evil
spirits and at the same time actively participate and partake of the Lord’s
Communion. In other words, we can’t live for God and Satan at the same
time.
Friend, you must choose from which table you will eat. You can either
be in covenant with God partake of the Lord’s Table, or you can be in
covenant with Satan and feed on the things of this world. Realize that
just as demonic spirits permeated the presence of pagan temples where
sacrifices were made to idols, they also hover around people and places
devoted to the deeds of darkness. If you choose to expose yourself to these
dark influences, you are precariously placing yourself in great danger.
The great news is that God’s Holy Spirit permeates the presence around
the table of Communion. This brings us to the word “table” in First
Corinthians 10:21, which in Greek is the word trapedza, and it describes
a table; banqueting table; or a bank. Paul’s use of this word tells us that just
as a bank is loaded with all the resources a person would ever need, the
Lord’s Table is loaded with spiritual resources, and one can make with-
drawals whenever needed. Basically, Communion is a storehouse rich in
deliverance, healing, forgiveness, and every other form of grace you need.
If your heart is right and you come in faith, you have instant access to the
Lord’s supernatural abundance.
Make no mistake: our God is a jealous God (see James 4:5). He yearns
for your undivided affection and will not settle for anything less than
having first place in your life. It is no wonder the apostle Paul posed the
question, “Do we provoke the Lord to jealousy? are we stronger than he?”
(1 Corinthians 10:22). Indeed, this is a sobering question that shows just
how serious taking Communion is in God’s sight.
Now you may ask, “Well, what if I’ve made mistakes? What if I’ve been
unfaithful in my covenant relationship with God? How am I supposed to
respond if I’m frustrated and aggravated with my spouse or my children or
someone in the Church? Can I never partake of Communion?” Of course
not. You are a child of God, regardless of your behavior. He doesn’t want
you to abandon Communion. He simply wants you to examine your heart
and get things right before participating. If you’ve sinned, confess your sin.
The Bible says, “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us
our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness” (1 John 1:9). Like-
wise, if you are offended with someone, choose to drop it and ask God to
forgive you for holding onto unforgiveness. Receive His forgiveness and
pray for the ones who hurt you.
Once you have made things right with God in your heart, come to the
Lord’s Table in faith believing to be blessed. In faith, eat the bread and
drink the cup, believing God to provide whatever you need. Receiving
the elements of Communion releases supernatural provisions of healing,
restoration, strength, wisdom, favor, peace, and anything else you need to
live a life worthy of His calling.
STUDY QUESTIONS
— 2 Timothy 2:15
1. Exposing yourself to evil influences can be hazardous to your spiritual

health. God gives us ample wisdom in His Word to help us avoid
the scenes of temptation. What related insights can you identify and
apply to your life from Proverbs 5:3-8; Psalm 101:3; and 1 Corinthi-
ans 6:18?
2. The apostle Paul pointedly talks about the kind of company we keep
in Second Corinthians 6:14-18. Take time to reflect on this passage
50 | STUDY GUIDE
and listen for what the Holy Spirit speaks to you. Are there any
adjustments you need to make in who you’re hanging out with? (Also
consider Proverbs 13:20; 22:24, 25; 1 Corinthians 15:33.)
— James 1:22
1. Although most of us do not live in places where idol worship is prac-

ticed, these truths are still relevant. Given your living environment
and what you are subject to, how can you apply these principles in
your life?
2. What specific people, places, or things do you know you need to avoid
because they would tempt you to fall back into old sinful patterns and
habits from which Christ has already delivered you?
3. The Lord’s Table of Communion is like a spiritual bank. When your
heart is right, you can partake of Communion in faith and make a
withdrawal of whatever you need. What do you need from the Lord
right now? Is it healing? Is it wisdom to handle a certain situation?
Is it financial provision? Take time to prepare your heart in prayer,
receive Communion, and boldly ask God for what you need.
The Commitment and Blessing
of the Communion Table
Many churches have Communion just as a ritual. But what is
Communion really all about? In this series, Rick Renner delves into what
Communion meant in the ancient world and why Jesus commanded all
Christians for all time to practice it.
People all over the world — and in every Christian denomination —
often take Communion without understanding what it means. In this
five-part series, you will learn:
• What Communion meant in the First Century.
• What the symbols of the bread and juice really mean.
• What the disciples understood when Jesus served them Communion.
• What the spiritual and physical benefits of Communion are for you
today.
When you’re finished with this series, you will see Communion in a
brand-new light. Your eyes will be opened, and you’ll have a brand-new
understanding about why Jesus told us to practice Communion!
Rick Renner is the author of the bestsellers Dressed To Kill

and Sparkling Gems From the Greek 1 and 2, which have sold
millions of copies worldwide. His understanding of the Greek
language and biblical history opens up the Scriptures in a
unique way that enables readers to gain wisdom and insight
while learning something brand new from the Word of God.
Rick is the founder and president of RENNER MINISTRIES based in
Tulsa, Oklahoma, and host to his TV program that is seen around the world
in multiple languages.
RENNER MINISTRIES • P.O. Box 702040 • Tulsa, OK 74170

1-800-RICK-593 • renner.org ©2020 All Rights Reserved

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Companion Study Guide 5 LESSONS

Copyright © 2020 by Rick Renner

Published by Rick Renner Ministries

Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No portion of

Your brother and friend in Jesus Christ,

The emphasis of this lesson:

THE NINE COMPONENTS

Component Two: A Blood Sacrifice

Component Three: A Bloody Path

Component Four: Blessings and Curses

Component Five: The Mingling of Blood

Component Six: The Exchange of Names

Component Seven: An Exchange of Gifts

Component Eight: A Covenant Meal

Component Nine: A Memorial Event

1. When God made His “oath” to Abraham (see Hebrews 6:13-17), He

1. Before you began this lesson, what was your understanding of a

The emphasis of this lesson:

HOW THE COMPONENTS

The Significance of the Bloody Path

The Significance of Blessings and Curses

The Significance of Mingling of Blood

The Significance of Changing Names

The Significance of Exchange of Gifts

The Significance of the Covenant Meal

The Significance of the Memorial Event

1. Through faith in Christ and the new covenant He provided, we are

The emphasis of this lesson:

The First Communion –

The First Communion –

Who Else Talks About Communion in Scripture?

1. After reading through and carefully examining the four gospel

1. In your own words, briefly describe the meaningful significance of

The emphasis of this lesson:

Jesus Cut Covenant with His Disciples

What Jesus Did, We Are To Do

Why Did Christ Place an Emphasis

Don’t Take Communion ‘Unworthily’

Take Time To Examine Yourself

The Repercussions of Partaking

The emphasis of this lesson:

Flee Spiritually Dark Environments

Communion is a ‘Cup of Blessing’

We Must Choose From Which Table We Will Eat

1. Exposing yourself to evil influences can be hazardous to your spiritual

1. Although most of us do not live in places where idol worship is prac-

Rick Renner is the author of the bestsellers Dressed To Kill

RENNER MINISTRIES • P.O. Box 702040 • Tulsa, OK 74170

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